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The article discusses a study which investigates the influence of nonnative habitat-forming species on epifaunal fouling communities. It states that several experiments on nonnative species and native species including Watersipora subtorquata, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ascidia ceratodes were performed in the fouling community in Bodega, California, wherein the associated epifaunal communities of Watersipora subtorquata was compared with other habitat modifiers and structurally similar mimics. Results revealed that the impact of habitat-forming species on epifaunal communities will depend on various factors including the quality of resource the habitat will provide, the epifaunal habitat preferences, and the strength of interactions between epifauna and habitat-forming species.

Background and Purpose. The literature suggests that educators teach the way they do in part due to their belief systems related to teaching and learning. These beliefs in turn shape teachers' conceptions of teaching and learning. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the beliefs and conceptions of teaching and learning held by physical therapist educators and explore connections between these beliefs and conceptions and preferred instructional methods. Subjects. Seventeen core faculty members (13 female, 4 male) from 3 Midwestern physical therapist education programs (2 public, 1 private) participated in this study. Methods. Data were gathered using multiple qualitative methods, including audiotaped semistructured interviews of participants, classroom observations, and document (syllabi) review. Constant-comparative data analysis methods were utilized. Classroom observation and syllabi review data were coded utilizing the framework of Kolb's Experiential Learning Model adapted for classroom activities. This model consists of 4 phases of learning, including concrete experience (experiencing), reflective observation (examining), abstract conceptualization (explaining), and active experimentation (applying). Patterns, categories, and themes were coded, classified, and compared across all data sources. Interview data were independently read and coded by a second peer examiner. This study was categorized as exempt from review by the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board Human Subjects Committee. Results. The majority of physical therapist educators in this sample held beliefs and conceptions of teaching categorized as teacher-centered (emphasizing transmission of knowledge and skills). Instructional methods were heavily concentrated in the abstract conceptualization (transmission of information) and active experimentation (transmission of skills) phases of Kolb's Learning Cycle. Instructional methods involving the reflective observation or concrete experience phases utilized by faculty in this sample were limited. Discussion and Conclusion. This study suggests that beliefs held by physical therapist faculty regarding education directly influence their conceptions of teaching and learning as well as their resultant choices of teaching methodologies. Faculty are encouraged to reflect on the explicit and implicit beliefs driving their teaching and curricular decisions to consider whether or not they are consistent with effective pedagogy. The quality of student learning may not be reaching its full potential if all phases of the Learning Cycle do not receive attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the 18th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in August 2019, shortfin and longfin mako sharks were listed on Appendix II. This listing now requires CITES parties to issue import and export permits and to closely monitor international trade in mako products. In this paper, three core arguments are being revisited that were uttered against a listing of the mako shark: that it is not scientifically justifiable; that it will cause implementation problems and will have limited conservation success; and that regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) are better suited to manage mako sharks. It is concluded that while the mako is not yet endangered globally, the precautionary approach justifies its listing. At the same time, although there will in all likelihood be implementation problems, the overall effect of the listing will be positive. Lastly, given their limited scope and focus on utilisation of economically valuable species, RFMOs are not well-suited for the conservation of mako sharks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poem "Backfill" by Berndt Sellheim is presented. First Line: Having turned each surface; Last Line: we shined beyond th.

Flow coefficients v_{n} of the orders n=1-6 are measured with the High-Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI for protons, deuterons, and tritons as a function of centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.4  GeV. Combining the information from the flow coefficients of all orders allows us to construct for the first time, at collision energies of a few GeV, a multidifferential picture of the angular emission pattern of these particles. It reflects the complicated interplay between the effect of the central fireball pressure on the emission of particles and their subsequent interaction with spectator matter. The high precision information on higher order flow coefficients is a major step forward in constraining the equation of state of dense baryonic matter.

We present the first observation of K^{-} and ϕ absorption within nuclear matter by means of π^{-}-induced reactions on C and W targets at an incident beam momentum of 1.7  GeV/c studied with HADES at SIS18/GSI. The double ratio (K^{-}/K^{+})_{W}/(K^{-}/K^{+})_{C} is found to be 0.319±0.009(stat)_{-0.012}^{+0.014}(syst) indicating a larger absorption of K^{-} in heavier targets as compared to lighter ones. The measured ϕ/K^{-} ratios in π^{-}+C and π^{-}+W reactions within the HADES acceptance are found to be equal to 0.55±0.04(stat)_{-0.07}^{+0.06}(syst) and to 0.63±0.06(stat)_{-0.11}^{+0.11}(syst), respectively. The similar ratios measured in the two different reactions demonstrate for the first time experimentally that the dynamics of the ϕ meson in nuclear medium is strongly coupled to the K^{-} dynamics. The large difference in the ϕ production off C and W nuclei is discussed in terms of a strong ϕN in-medium coupling. These results are relevant for the description of heavy-ion collisions and the structure of neutron stars.