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This paper describes the software architecture and design of the space segment, communication and ground segment software of the Kontur-2 project, which aimed to study the feasibility of planetary exploration through telepresence. The main research objectives in Kontur-2 were the development and in-flight verification of a space qualified two degree of freedom (DoF) force-feedback joystick (RJo) inside the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station (ISS), the implementation of telepresence technologies, and the study of human performance when controlling a force feedback joystick in microgravity. The project was conducted from 2012 to 2015 by a consortium consisting of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS), The Russian State Scientific Center for Robotics and Technical Cybernetics (RTC), S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (RSC “Energia”) and the Yuri A. Gagarin State Scientific Research-and-Testing Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC). DLR conducted two sets of experiments in which a cosmonaut on board the ISS used RJo to perform different tasks with robots located on-ground. The first was conducted with a 2-DoF robot equipped with a camera system, a task board and torque sensors that allowed the cosmonaut to perceive reactive forces caused by contacts with the environment. For the second set of experiments a humanoid robot was utilized to perform a tele-handshake, as well as a cooperative task between the cosmonaut on ISS and colleagues at RTC in St. Petersburg. To realize these experiments, the consortium developed onboard and on-ground software which are described in this paper. The space segment software consists of the control software for RJo and user interfaces on a laptop to guide the cosmonaut efficiently through the experiments. A state machine was designed for these user interfaces to capture state changes during the experiment execution. This way only relevant contextual information is provided to the cosmonaut. On RJo, a component framework has been deployed combining a data-centric architecture with a CCSDS Space Packet interface. Additionally, the communication software has been designed to support a direct multi-channel connection between ground control and ISS using the S-band radio equipment of the consortium. During contact to ISS, the ground operators used the ground segment software at DLR for experiment support, supervision, maintenance and data logging. The visual feedback from the camera system required by the cosmonaut to perform the experiments was provided by a low-latency video stream through a communication channel with very restricted bandwidth. 23 experiment sessions were carried out in 2015 utilizing the Kontur-2 software, which helped to validate telepresence technologies and study human factors for space applications.

Several government organizations that are not NASA Centers have contracts, arrangements or affiliations with the Centers or with a Department of Defense facility in support of the Human Exploration Program. Many organizations have very unique facilities that were used for earlier space programs and are now utilized for future deep space missions. Some are now conducting research, testing, and evaluations of flight elements and systems for deep space programs. This chapter briefly describes these organizations and their support for deep space missions, such as to Mars.

The development of spacecraft electrical system in China has been reviewed. The electronic system has been divided into three generations of stand-alone system, federated electronic system and integrated electronic system. Then, the electrical architectures and features of the federated electronic system and the integrated electronic system have been analyzed. Finally, the development trend of spacecraft electronic system has been discussed.

The thesis is based on the university network management work in combine with the characters and requirements of the school. A service-oriented architecture is adopted to integrate multi-business systems across different platforms. The unified authentication, single sign-on, data exchange and share are implemented. It improves the school normalization level, broadens society service fields of the vocational colleges at the same time avoids the rebuilding in the normalization work and saves the investment. A reliable information base is supplied for the next stage virtual campus construction.

Support means of the Spektr-R spacecraft flight and features of the Mission Control Center operation and spacecraft control are considered. Software for scheduling and preparing sessions of controlling and simulating for the spacecraft operation are considered. The problems of ballistic navigation support of the spacecraft flight are presented. Ground spacecraft control segment and software for analyzing and imaging telemetric information are considered.

The Mars Science Laboratory, also called Curiosity, is a rover mission that launched on 26 November 2011 and landed on Mars 6 August 2012 in Gale Crater. The main challenges for the interplanetary navigation of the mission were to deliver the spacecraft to the correct interface point above the atmosphere of Mars and to accurately tell the spacecraft where it was as it entered the atmosphere. The spacecraft used guidance during its descent to Mars before the deployment of the parachute in order to minimize landing dispersions, resulting in a smaller landing zone that was closer to terrain of high scientific interest. This required an accurate delivery of the spacecraft to the entry interface and an update of the spacecraft state at entry, which was used to initialize the descent guidance system. Orbit determination during cruise was very accurate, being able to predict the line-of-sight position of the spacecraft after one week to within a few meters during the final weeks of approach. The spacecraft hit t...

Considering the feature of high-security and complex business logic of radio program production, combining with the theory of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), we designed and implemented a radio program production system with high-security and strong practicability. Based on the C/S structure and .Net platform, the system implements the unity query management of different data sources by applying and extending the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) technology. This paper focuses on the overall architecture, service module and key technologies of the production system.

Intelligent venue, intelligent exhibition and intelligent conventions are three application scenarios of intelligent exhibition. The application module design of intelligent venue includes a basic business module, personalized experience module, system integration module, and people flow value module. The application module design of intelligent exhibition includes builder management system, exhibition customer relationship management system, exhibitor management platform, audience registration management, the system to match business opportunities, exhibition data analysis, etc. The application module design of intelligent conventions includes VIP database, reception service, convention service module, etc. Chinese exhibition enterprises should further explore and practice three application scenarios of intelligent MICE to meet the development needs of new forms of exhibitions.

A decision support system (DSS) module for sustainable land development for Thailand: A case of Chonburi province was developed for decision makers based on available geographic information databases and overlaying techniques available on an internet network. Chonburi province in the Southeast Coast of Thailand was assigned as a special economic development zone or Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) is a fast growing area for industrial and infrastructure developments causing land use conflicts between privates and governments that were observed elsewhere. Databases including administrative boundary, land resources, land uses, national policies and legislation aspects were integrated for land suitability, condition and limitation for land developments. The system employed ArcGIS Geo-processing service module available on the Central Relation Database that can be accessed via Web Services and RSS. The decision makers could access from the Web Browser and make decision under three conditions, by screening areas for specific land use types, analyzing land use limitations and conditions or for maximum land use benefits. The developed DSS module on land resources spatial analysis and legislation limitations would be a simple technological tool to preliminary and fast selection of proper land managements in the future and would be able to apply in other parts of the country.

Self-preparation in dealing with physical changes is a necessity for young women, and lack of preparation will lead to several problems such as; anxiety, fear, timidity, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, and disruption of adult development. Self-preparation can be improved through information services provided by counselors using appropriate media and materials. The ADDIE model was used in this research and six experts were employed as subjects to validate service guidelines based on the display of laid down principles. Three counselors were on standby to test the use of the guidelines, and a total of thirty students were tested. The descriptive and inferential analysis with the Kendall coefficient (W) test were used to perform the examination. Therefore the result of the study shows that the prototype information service module can be used to prepare young women for physical changes during puberty.

Nowadays, small to medium sized companies, which usually cannot afford hiring dedicated security experts, are interested in benefiting from Managed Security Services (MSS) provided by third party Security Operation Centers (SOC) to tackle network-wide threats. Accordingly, the performance of the SOC is becoming more and more important to the service providers in order to optimize their resources and compete in the global market. Security specialists in a SOC, called analysts, have an important role to analyze suspicious machine-generated alerts to see whether they are real attacks. How to monitor and improve the performance of analysts inside a SOC is a critical issue that most service providers need to address. In this paper, by observing workflows of a real-world SOC, a tool consisting of three different modules is designed for monitoring analysts' activities, analysis performance measurement, and performing simulation scenarios. The tool empowers managers to evaluate the SOC's performance which helps them to conform to Service-Level Agreement (SLA) regarding required response time to security incidents, and see the need for improvement. Moreover, the designed tool is strengthened by a background service module to provide feedback about anomalies or informative issues for security analysts in the SOC. Three case studies have been conducted based on real data collected from the operational SOC, and simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the different modules of the designed tool in improving the SOC performance.

There is a restriction on the development of power quality monitoring software for lacking of corresponding technical specification and uniform systematic planning. In this thesis, the concept of supporting platform of power quality monitoring and analysis system is posed and the supporting platform provides data service, report work, authority management, alarm service, authority management, communication service and other public services; abiding by the advocacy of IEC 61970 Standard, the system applies CORBA component technology inside and outside the system and realizes the “plug and play” of public services and applications. Through the standardized public communication service module, the data interaction with other power quality monitoring software, PMS system, DMS/EMS system and other third-party systems is completed and the multi-angle and deep power quality analysis are conducted based on multi-source information fusion technology and the power quality analysis and evaluation, harmonic source location, power quality warning, management decision support and other intelligent analysis application are realized.

In this paper, the client control system designed for infringement blocking system development. In order words, infected with harmful files on your computer by using a usercentered information systems development and security through the design of a control system using DNS control firewall client access to the site randomly for acts that can block the under solving techniques. Design of the client control system was classified as Dynamic intrusion prevention system module design, Embedded domain name service system module design, Interlocking DNS service module design and Cert & Analysis module design. Finally, through simulation, an average of 14% was measured by abnormal packet ratio.

ESA’s ATV programme was successfully concluded in 2014 with the fifth and final vehicle servicing the International Space Station. Originally intended as an additional freight capability for station resupply and complimenting Hermes’ cargo delivery capability, ATV was a survivor of the orbital infrastructure ESA was planning at one time, together with the heavily reduced-size COF. Notwithstanding the resounding success of ATV, the project contained a promise of much more along the way. Equipping ATV with a large cargo return capsule was considered and also, as an almost inevitable idea, a modification that would have allowed manned flight.

In the late 1980s visitors of the Paris Air Show at Le Bourget airport, the world’s most prestigious aerospace exhibition, would find themselves knee-deep in spaceplanes. The US Space Shuttle had just resumed missions after the programme’s first accident and its potential successor, the NASP, was under development. The Soviet Union had just introduced Buran; ESA was working on Hermes while Germany was developing Sanger. Like its German counterpart, the UK’s HOTOL also promised routine access to space through innovative engine technology. Japan was preparing for their HOPE vehicle and also aiming for a SSTO spaceplane.

Nowadays, filtering and analyzing data coming from Tele* (i.e. telemedicine, telerehabiliation, telemonitoring, telecare, and teleassistance) systems is becoming more and more relevant. In fact, those systems gather a lot of data coming from patients through wearable, domotic, and environmental sensors, as well as questionnaires and interviews. The role of therapists and care givers is essential for remotely assisting the corresponding patients. Thus, intelligent solutions able to understand all those data and process them to keep therapists and caregivers aware about their assisted persons are needed. Moreover, friendly and useful tools for accessing and visualizing those data must be provided to therapists and caregivers. In this chapter, we present a generic Tele* solution that, in principle, may be customized to whatever kind of real scenarios to give a continuous and efficient support to therapists and caregivers. The aim of the proposed solution is to be as flexible as possible in order to be able to provide telerehabilitation, telemonitoring, teleassistance or a conjunction of them, depending on the real situation. Three customizations of the generic platform are also presented.

With the rapid development of sensor technology on vehicles, more and more vehicles are checked from artificial detection to auto monitoring. A great number of real-time data acquired from sensors provides important foundation for PHM application on vehicles. Aiming at the special mining vehicle, it proposes the solution for real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis and health management based on the PHM theory. First, a kind of application service architecture is designed to describe how to implement the special mining vehicle PHM system and meet the needs of fault diagnosis and health management. Second, it describes each service module of the PHM platform system in detail, including inner functions and interaction. Third, it studies and proposes the models and methods of the various service modules, which can be used to implement the goals of the monitoring, diagnosis and health management from the view of the vehicle parameters. Finally, the Special Vehicle PHM System is developed based on the proposed models and methods, which is being successfully used in SanJiang Aerospace Group. The practical application result shows the proposed the design of PHM system can provides the service of fault diagnosis and health management for the special mining vehicles, which has great value for PHM implementation and promotion in the field of vehicles.

Recently, there has been a dramatic change in the way space missions are viewed. Large spacecraft with massive propellant-filled launch stages have dominated the space industry since the 1960’s, but low-mass CubeSats and low-cost rockets have enabled a new approach to space exploration. In recent work, we have built upon the idea of extremely low mass (sub 1 kg), propellant-less spacecraft that are accelerated by photon propulsion from dedicated directed-energy facilities. Advanced photonics on a chip with hybridized electronics can be used to implement a laser-based communication system on board a sub 1U spacecraft that we call a WaferSat. WaferSat spacecraft are equipped with reflective sails suitable for propulsion by directed-energy beams. This low-mass spacecraft design does not require onboard propellant, creating significant new opportunities for deep space exploration at a very low cost. In this paper, we describe the design of a prototype WaferSat spacecraft, constructed on a printed circuit board. The prototype is envisioned as a step toward a design that could be launched on an early mission into Low Earth Orbit (LEO), as a key milestone in the roadmap to interstellar flight. In addition to laser communication, the WaferSat prototype includes subsystems for power source, attitude control, digital image acquisition, and inter-system communications.

Euclid is a space-based optical/near-infrared survey mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) to investigate the nature of dark energy, dark matter and gravity by observing the geometry of the Universe and on the formation of structures over cosmological timescales. Euclid will use two probes of the signature of dark matter and energy: Weak gravitational Lensing, which requires the measurement of the shape and photometric redshifts of distant galaxies, and Galaxy Clustering, based on the measurement of the 3-dimensional distribution of galaxies through their spectroscopic redshifts. The mission is scheduled for launch in 2020 and is designed for 6 years of nominal survey operations. The Euclid Spacecraft is composed of a Service Module and a Payload Module. The Service Module comprises all the conventional spacecraft subsystems, the instruments warm electronics units, the sun shield and the solar arrays. In particular the Service Module provides the extremely challenging pointing accuracy required by the scientific objectives. The Payload Module consists of a 1.2 m three-mirror Korsch type telescope and of two instruments, the visible imager and the near-infrared spectro-photometer, both covering a large common field-of-view enabling to survey more than 35% of the entire sky. All sensor data are downlinked using K-band transmission and processed by a dedicated ground segment for science data processing. The Euclid data and catalogues will be made available to the public at the ESA Science Data Centre., Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures, Presented at the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation conference in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, 6 June 1 July 2016

The Patent Cloud Platform is under construction in Chongqing. As the most important part of the Patent Cloud Platform, the Patent Data Resource Service Center is urgent. Tens of millions of patent data from seven countries and two organizations would be shared for public. For the heterogeneous of patent data from different data sources, some essential pre-processing methods should be carried out to clean, integrate, transform and normalize the data. The Data Access Service Module is designed and implemented to access the large scale of patent data rapidly, and many well-defined data service interfaces are implemented to produce various patent data applications. A well runtime environment should be maintained to make sure the system operating correctly.

The hystory of how an Italian Little Enterprise designed and certified a special product as a sensor and its electronic control system for spacecraft vehicle will be shown. The way to reach the final objective will be related describing the single steps followed.

Large spacecraft missions have both technical and financial needs. Technical needs drive the inclusion of numerous subsystems, which must be configured or deployed. Financial needs, for many spacecraft, are filled through generating public support, which is enhanced by being able to show the spacecraft in operation. This paper presents DeSCJOB, a small satellite that is deployed from a larger spacecraft. It launches from the parent spacecraft, captures images of whatever is desired (moving around the larger spacecraft, if desired) and then retracts back to its docking point automatically. Its utility for operational and public relations imaging is discussed.

The Firebird mission comprises the two spacecraft TET (launched July 22nd 2012) and BIROS (launch foreseen for May 25th 2016), both carrying a combined infrared-optical camera system as primary payload as well as several additional hard- and software experiments. Our Mission Planning team at the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) is responsible for generating conflict-free timelines for commanding payload and so-called background sequence operations for both spacecraft in accordance with all given spacecraft and ground-related constraints and customer requirements. Therefore, a Mission Planning system has been prepared and is continuously developed further with continuously changing space segment capabilities throughout the different project phases. The paper at hand describes the main components and their set-up, e.g. the semi-automated planning tools and the newly implemented interactive order interface for the customers. Furthermore, the decision to which extent a combined system is set up for both spacecraft as well as the advantages of being able to rely on a generic, configurable tool suite, modeling language and scheduling algorithm assembly are discussed.

The spacecraft environment and its effect on design are discussed. Crew volume allowance in spacecraft is contrasted with passenger volume allowance on commercial, business, and military aircraft. Vehicle mass characteristics as evidenced by the successful manned spacecraft and the resultant ballistic coefficient are explored. Human factors in spacecraft design are assessed, and the major areas of thermal control and management of the habitable volume are described. Environmental control and life support systems including heating, ventilating and air conditioning, air and water purification, waste management, fire and emergency control systems, and communications are illustrated. Basic structural design issues, spacecraft propulsion units, and spacecraft power systems are discussed.

Over the last years, innovative concepts of civil high-speed transportation vehicles were proposed. These vehicles have a strong potential to increase the cruise range efficiency at high Mach numbers, thanks to efficient propulsion units combined with high-lifting vehicle concepts. Nonetheless, performing a flight test will be the only and ultimate proof to demonstrate the technical feasibility of these new promising concepts and would result into a major breakthrough in high-speed flight. In this framework the Hexafly-INT project has the scope to test in free-flight conditions an innovative gliding vehicle with several breakthrough technologies on-board. This work describes both the thermo-structural design process of the Hexafly-INT Experimental Flight Test Vehicle, namely EFTV, and of the Experimental Service Module, namely ESM. The paper will present results of a Finite Element thermal analysis, performed in the most critical phases along the flight trajectory in order to drive a preliminary material selection.

In this paper we present a nanosatellite for cosmic ray detection. The main payload is constituted by a particle detector. A second payload may be constituted by the control unit of an innovative type of photovoltaic cells that will have a twofold objective: test the performances and provide additional power to the nanosatellite. It is under investigation the possibility of using a propulsion module in case, later in the phase A study, will be realized an additional advantage to transfer the orbit from circular (the most commonly used in commercial launches) to elliptical. Launch opportunities are relatively frequent since the market of nanosatellites is rapidly increasing and launch providers are including those into their business. The service module will provide power, radio communication, on board computer and attitude control. Thermal control will be achieved passively by the use of paint with proper absorptivity and emissivity and thermal blankets. The problem with this approach is that paint and solar cells have to share the external surface of the nanosatellite, unless a deployable solar array will be included. Besides being an important carrier of information from sources in our galaxy and beyond, cosmic rays may have influence in the terrestrial environment as well as in the technologically advanced human activities, such as orbiting satellites and human spaceflight. The objective of the satellite will be twofold: to train students with hands-on activities through all the phases of a space mission and the development of particle detectors as well as to study the properties of the detected cosmic rays with possible implication in fundamental physics and Earth environmental studies.

On-orbit servicing (OOS) spacecrafts can provide a variety of services, so it is necessary to make reasonable mission planning between spacecrafts to improve the efficiency of collaborative works. In this paper, a multiple spacecraft mission planning based on multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed according to the specific characteristics of mission planning in order to complete the optimization target, such as task completion time, fuel consumption, and service priorities. In this algorithm, the model of mission planning problem is established by designing decision variables and formal constraints, and Pareto optimal sets and multiple sets of solutions of that problem are the results of the improved NSGA-II. In particular, ideal solution can be chosen as necessary. From the results of two simulation examples, we can see that our method can solve the multi-spacecrafts mission planning problem under multiple constraints efficiently. It is expressive, flexible, extensible, and feasible easily.

As an important basic industry in Manufacturing, steel industry also is a supporting industry for city industrialization and modernization in China. With the further development of information technology, e-business in the steel industry has accounted for an increasingly large proportion in the overall development of e-business. But currently e-business system is relatively decentralized, lack of integration and service expansion capacity in the downstream industry chain. Therefore, this paper is proposed to build cloud business platform by the combination of cloud computing and e-business, introducing service module functions through the cloud and end, and forming the whole process of shared business services in the steel industry. Finally, the paper does the analysis to the effect of its application in the enterprise to prove the feasibility of the model.

In this paper, we provide a mathematical semantics for a fragment of a languageSRMLthat we have defined in the IST-FET-GC2 Integrated Project SENSORIA for modelling service-oriented systems. The main goal of this research is to make available a foundational basis for the development of practical modelling languages and tools that designers can use to model complex services at a level of abstraction that captures business functionality independently of the languages in which services are implemented and the platforms in which they execute. The basic artefact of the language is the service module, which provides a model for a complex service in terms of a number of components that jointly orchestrate a business function and may dynamically discover and bind to external parties that can deliver required functionalities. We define a mathematical model of computation and an associated logic for service-oriented systems based on the typical business conversations that occur between the parties that deliver a service. We then define the semantics of SRML service modules over this model and logic, and formulate a property of correctness that guarantees that services programmed and assembled as specified in a module provide the business functionality advertised by that module. Finally, we define an algebraic operation of composition of service modules that preserves correctness. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other formal approach that has been defined from first principles with the aim of capturing the business nature of service conversations and support service assembly based on the business logic that is required, not as it is programmed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Due to customers' constantly increasing demand for personalized products and services, manufacturing enterprises must provide more diverse physical products and services in the product sale stage. However, the massive diversity of personalized products and services offered leads to the internal diversification of products and services, which greatly increases production costs. The application of the modular method can effectively improve the reusability of a product or service, and reduce internal diversification of the product and service. In this paper, the interactive modular design process is established by the analysis of the relationship between a product or service of integrated service product (ISP) and the analysis of the physical module and service module. This paper deals with the module partition principle of ISP, puts forward the three-stages module partition processes and methods, mainly including service module partition processes based on the ''Top-Down'' and ''Bottom-Up'' methods, the physical module partition process based on the ''Top-Down'', and the module partition methods based on Quality Function Deployment and mapping matrix. Finally, a case study is done on an electric power transformer using proposed principle and methods, and the processes and methods can achieve the interactive module partition of ISP.

The paper presents a security enhancement method, which is based on smart security TF card (STF), to improve the security of short message for mobile terminal system (MTS). The method consists of three parts: the use of STF as a secure cryptography service module, increasing and then invoking encryption/decryption components for SMS processing in MTS, increasing secure SMS gateway (SSG) on the SMS server side. Following the method, the confidentiality of the message can be guaranteed either in the air or in mobile terminal itself and message traffic analysis attack can also be prevented to some extent.

This paper presents a typology for modular service design. The authors review engineering, manufacturing, and service research literature and develop three key concepts for service modularization: service module, service architecture, and service experience. Thereafter these key concepts are further decomposed into detailed constructs. Basing on the reviewed literature, they develop a common typology for modular services. The authors argue that their typology provides a foundation for the development of modular service design methods. The authors also expect that it is important to recognize how customers perceive the service. They propose that service experiences can be characterized by value creation, role perception, personalization, and task complexity and by how the customers experience the particular services.

The design presented in this paper is in response to the revolution in private space activities, the increasing public interest in commercial flights to space and the utilization of structures such as space hotels or private orbital habitats. The baseline for the Omicron design concept is the Russian Salyut derived space station module. Salyut was the first space station to orbit the Earth. Its unique design and technical features were what made the development of space stations Salyut 1–7, MIR and the International Space Station (ISS) Zwezda service module possible. Due to its versatility and the reliable operating launch vehicle Proton, this space module series has the potential to be adapted for space hotel development. This paper proposes a conceptual design of the space habitat called Omicron, with particular focus on interior design for the microgravity environment. The Omicron concepts address the needs of space tourism with a strong emphasis on the safety and comfort of the spaceflight participants. The Omicron habitat supports three inhabitants in nominal conditions (e.g., two passengers and one astronaut). The habitat provides a flexible interior, facilities and spaces dynamically transforming in order to accommodate various types of activities, which will be performed in an organically formed interior supporting spatial orientation and movement in microgravity. The future development potential of Omicron is also considered. The baseline version is composed solely of one rigid module with an inverted cupola for observations. An alternative version offers more space using an inflatable structure. Finally, a combination of multiple Omicron modules enables the creation of a larger orbital habitat. The Omicron's subsystems support a few days visit by trained passengers. The transport to the habitat would be provided e.g., by the Soyuz TMA spacecraft carried by the Soyuz launch vehicle in the early stage of Omicron's development, before a fully reusable spacecraft would be available.

The influence of spatial orientation of the International Space Station (ISS) on the dose rate recorded during passages of the station through the South-Atlantic anomaly (SAA) zone is considered. The dose rates detected by dosimeters of the radiation control system of the ISS are compared with results of calculation-based estimates. It is shown that when crossing the SAA region in close trajectories, but with different spatial orientation of the station, the dose rate near cabins of the ISS Service Module can differ by more than a factor of two.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides a foundation to achieve software reuse that enables business professionals, who are not necessarily programmers, to exploit the intrinsic properties of software. A component-based programming model is the key factor in the rapid adoption of SOA. SOA exploits the properties of Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) in the form of services. SOA components help to provide the business users with some flexibility to play around with the components and rewire them to create new business solutions. The complexity of SOA application plays an important role in project planning and determination of timeline and cost estimation and allocation of resources. This paper proposes a metric-based approach for the determination of relative complexity and coupling of Component based SOA application. We have proposed a Service Component Architecture Graph (SCAG) which can be used for graphical representation of the different service module, the service components in the service module and interaction among them. This metrics may be used by developers to assess the complexity of SOA application and if required redesign to create highly cohesive components with minimal coupling. It will also promote a culture of asset (reusable components) based development by considering the factor like usability, complexity, coupling etc. A case study is presented and graph based analysis is done for deriving the complexity, along with the other aspects of the architecture.

The results of a preliminary analysis of microperturbations on the International Space Station during physical exercises of the crew are presented. The goal of this paper is to identify the parameters of perturbations when physical exercises are performed. The results of measurements by sensors of microaccelerations of both Russian and American segments during physical exercises in the service module of the Russian segment are analyzed.

This paper develops a novel energy universal service bus system (EUSBS) based on emerging energy Internet (E-net) technologies. This EUSBS is a unified identification and plug-and-play interface platform to which high penetration distributed energy and equipment (DEE), including photovoltaic (PV), fans, electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs), energy storage equipment (ESE), and commercial and residential users (CRUs), can access in a coordinated control and optimized utilization mode. First, the functions design, overall framework and topology architecture design of the EUSBS are expounded, among which the EUSBS is mainly composed of a hardware system and a software platform. Moreover, several future application scenarios are presented. Then, the hardware part of EUSBS is designed and developed, including the framework design of this hardware subsystem, and development of the hardware equipment for PV access, fans access, EVCS access, ESE access, and CRU access. The hardware subsystem consists of smart socket, and household/floor/building concentrators. Based on this, the prototypes development of EUSBS hardware equipment is completely demonstrated. Third, the software part of the EUSBS is developed as a cloud service platform for electricity use data analysis of DEE. This software subsystem contains the power quality & energy efficiency analysis module, optimization control module, information and service module, and data monitoring and electricity behavior analysis module. Based on this design, the software interfaces are developed. Finally, an application study on energy management and optimization of a smart commercial building is conducted to evaluate the functions and practicality of this EUSBS. The EUSBS developed in this paper is able to overcome difficulties in big data collection and utilization on sides of distribution network and electricity utilization, and eventually implement a deep information-energy fusion and a friendly supply-demand interaction between the grid and users. This contribution presents a detailed and systematic development scheme of the EUSBS, and moreover, the laboratory prototypes of the hardware and software subsystems have been developed based on E-net technologies. This paper can provide some thoughts and suggestions for the research of active distribution network and comprehensive energy management and optimization in power systems, as well as references and guidance for researchers to carry out research regarding energy management, optimization and coordinated control of the smart buildings.

at present, teachers and students are unable to communicate with each other face to face directly in the network courses so that the teaching quality has been lowered. Meanwhile, the traditional non-linear editing teaching network is easy to delay the teaching task. In this article, we applied the innovative PBL (Problem Based Learning) teaching method and combined the teachers-students feedback technology for network teaching based on the cloud computing theory. Besides, all workstations were disk workstations to reduce the delay of teaching task. We constructed the platform with the personnel information module and the learning service module, of which the learning service module contains three main functions: teaching service resources management, online coaching, and assignment submission and correcting. The final results of the teaching effect test showed that the learning effect and learning interest of the students who used the PBL network teaching platform was superior to the students who didn't use this platform.

Space environmental effects on materials are very severe and complex because of the synergistic interaction of orbital environments such as high-energy radiation particles, atomic oxygen, micrometeoroids, orbital debris, and ultraviolet irradiation interacting synergistically, along with thermal exposure. In addition, surface degradation associated with contamination can negatively impact optics performance. Materials flight experiments are critical to understanding the engineering performance of materials exposed to specific space environments. Likewise, the spacecraft designer must have an understanding of the specific environment in which a spacecraft will operate, enabling appropriate selection of materials to maximize engineering performance, increase mission lifetimes, and reduce risk. This article will present a methodology for assessing the engineering performance of materials baselined for a specific spacecraft or mission. In addition, an overview of the space environment, from low Earth orbit to interplanetary space, will be provided along with an overview on the effects of the space environment on materials performance. The majority of this article is devoted to materials flight experiments from the European Space Agency (ESA), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Some of the experiments reviewed include ESA's Materials Exposure and Degradation Experiment on the International Space Station (ISS), JAXA's Micro-Particles Capturer and Space Environment Exposure Device experiments on the ISS Service Module and on the ISS Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility, and NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite and the Materials International Space Station Experiment series flown on the exterior of ISS.

In the 31⁄2 years between the first human lunar landing and the final launch, the Apollo engineering team enormously expanded the range and performance of surface systems and added orbital mapping capabilities. High-resolution cameras and a laser altimeter in the Service Module Bay photographed and profiled the lunar surface, including areas that might be future Apollo landing sites. A gamma ray spectrometer and an X-ray spectrometer provided data for construction of maps indicating the concentration of certain elements. In today’s mode of doing business, a similar systems evolution would take a decade or more. While the gains in surface mobility, astronaut EVA time, and precision landing were impressive and productive, the first geochemical (elemental) maps from the orbital spectrometers startled many planetary scientists. Those maps could be interpreted in terms of the rock types identified in the returned samples. In principle, scientists could begin to infer the geological evolution of a planet had the mapping been global. To that end, leaders in the lunar science community approached NASA about the addition of a small, unmanned polar orbiter mission. When the Administrator suggested that Apollo 17 could be an orbit-only mission, the conversation ceased. In 1973, the Manned Spacecraft Center (now the Johnson Space Center) submitted an unsolicited proposal to NASA Headquarters for an inexpensive lunar polar orbiter with only geochemical instruments, i.e., no cameras. The Office of Space Science was taken by surprise and eventually decided to compete the mission. Of the three NASA Centers that proposed, MSC had the most robust lunar science capability; but the evaluation board doubted that a human spaceflight center would be capable of cost containment on a small spacecraft project. The mission was first assigned to the Goddard Space Flight Center and, after a year of little progress, was transferred to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. There, the mission acquired the designation Terrestrial Bodies Orbiter—Lunar (TBOL) to be consistent with the recently issued report of the Terrestrial Bodies Science Working Group. That advisory com