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Herein, we report the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of undoped and Ti-doped SnS2 thin films deposited on glass substrate by sol–gel spin coating technique. Grazing-Incidence X-ray diffraction and Raman analyses confirm the formation of hexagonal phase of as-deposited films. The structural parameters were estimated through GI-XRD data and found to be varying with Ti4+ concentration. Field effect scanning electron microscopy images show as-grown spherical nanoparticles with uniform deposition on the entire glass substrate. The UV–Vis absorption spectra were recorded to explore the optical properties of films. The analysis of data revealed the semiconductor nature of as-deposited films with a band gap of 2.24 eV in case of undoped SnS2. An intermediate band was also observed at 5 and 20 mol% Ti4+ concentration which directly indicates the extension of light absorption ability from visible to near infrared region of the solar spectrum. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was performed to confirm the existence of constituent elements in the as-deposited films with their oxidation state. The electrical properties were explored by I–V and Hall Effect measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article presents a single‐ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) for solar energy–based sensorless speed control of squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) drive. In the sensorless speed control, actual rotor speed estimation is done using accurate stator and rotor flux estimation using sensed SCIM terminal voltages and currents. The SEPIC is employed in between solar photovoltaic (PV) panel and DC link of three‐phase voltage source inverter (VSI). The SEPIC is controlled to extract maximum PV power. The control of SEPIC is obtained using the fuzzy logic–based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed system and its control is validated on developed laboratory prototype using Texas LaunchPad TMS320F28379D microcontroller. This article deals with single‐ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) for solar energy–based sensorless speed control of induction motor drive for autonomous application; the significant contributions in this article are,The control of SEPIC is obtained using fuzzy logic control (FLC). The FLC provides fast dynamic response under change in environment conditions and offers reduced oscillations in PV voltage and power.Solar power–driven speed sensorless control of squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) drive is proposed. The speed sensorless control helps in cost minimization and improves reliability of autonomous drive system due to reduction in sensor count.A discrete moving average–based dc offset rejection concept is developed and implemented on low cost microcontroller, that is, TMS320F28379D. It helps in obtaining accurate flux for estimating the speed of the SCIM.The state space model of SEPIC is obtained to determine transfer function to ensure stability under required operating conditions.Prototype of the proposed solar energy–driven SCIM drive is developed in laboratory to analyze its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

p16ink4a status is an independent predictor of survival in PC. There is a strong concordance between p16ink4a and HPV ISH results. Also, there is a significant association between HPV positivity and the histology with 100% of the warty, basaloid, and mixed warty-basaloid subtypes being positive for HPV. p53 is a predictor of nodal metastasis irrespective of p16ink4a status. Dual positive tumors (p16ink4a and p53 positive) have a significantly better outcome in comparison to dual negative tumors (both markers negative). Thus, p53 and p16ink4a immunohistochemistry should be performed at the baseline in all patients of PC. Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is implicated in a proportion of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PC). A subset of PC involves dysregulation of the p53 pathway. HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16ink4a positivity are surrogate markers for HPV infection, and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) denotes abnormality in the p53 pathway. There remains an ambiguity with regard to the contribution of both the pathways in the prognosis of PC. We sought to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of a cohort of Indian PC patients with respect to p16 ink4a and p53 expression. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 123 PC patients was studied for p16 ink4a and p53IHC and HPVISH. The results of these biomarkers were correlated with various clinicopathologic parameters. Results: p16 ink4a and HPV ISH were positive in 47% and 53% of the tumors, respectively. The propor tion of war ty, basaloid, or mixed war ty-basaloid tumor subtypes showed significant p16 ink4a positivity (P < .0001) compared to other subt ypes. Twent y-eight patients were dual negative (p53- /p16 ink4a -), 32 were dual positive (p53 + /p16 ink4a + ), 38 were p53 + /p16 ink4a -, and 25 were p53- /p16 ink4a + . In patients where p16 ink4a was negative, a p53-positive phenotype had a higher propensity for lymph node metastases (OR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.75-16.80; P = .003). Similarly, p53 positivity dictates nodal involvement in the p16 ink4a - positive subset of tumors (OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.23-20.17; P = .024). On multivariate analyses, pathologic subtypes (warty, warty-basaloid, and basaloid) (P < .0001), p16 ink4a expression (P < .0001), and absence of nodal metastasis (P < .0001) were significant predictors of improved overall (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the OS was significantly longer in patients with p16 ink4a + tumors (P < .0001), as was the CSS (P < .0001). Patients with dual positive tumors had a significantly higher OS (P < .001) and CSS (P = .012), in the entire cohort. In the node positive patients, dual positivity was associated with significantly higher OS (P < .0001); however, the median CSS for p53 + /p16 ink4a + tumors were not significantly different compared to p53- /p16 ink4a - tumors (P = .064), although there was a trend towards improved CSS. Conclusions: There is a strong concordance between p16 ink4a IHC and HPV ISH results. p16 ink4a status is an independent predictor of survival (OS and CSS) in our cohort of PCs. p53 is a predictor of nodal metastasis irrespective of p16 status. Dual positive tumors have a significantly better outcome in comparison to dual negative tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]