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156. Enhanced Visual Feedback Using Immersive VR Affects Decision Making Regarding Hand Use With a Simulated Impaired Limb

Author

Naoko Sakabe, Samirah Altukhaim, Yoshikatsu Hayashi, Takeshi Sakurada, Shiro Yano, and Toshiyuki Kondo

Subjects
immersive virtual reality, learned non-use, constraint-induced movement therapy, reinforcement-induced movement therapy, visual amplification, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

The long-term effects of impairment have a negative impact on the quality of life of stroke patients in terms of not using the affected limb even after some recovery (i.e., learned non-use). Immersive virtual reality (IVR) has been introduced as a new approach for the treatment of stroke rehabilitation. We propose an IVR-based therapeutic approach to incorporate positive reinforcement components in motor coordination as opposed to constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of IVR-reinforced physical therapy that incorporates positive reinforcement components in motor coordination. To simulate affected upper limb function loss in patients, a wrist weight was attached to the dominant hand of participant. Participants were asked to choose their right or left hand to reach toward a randomly allocated target. The movement of the virtual image of the upper limb was reinforced by visual feedback to participants, that is, the participants perceived their motor coordination as if their upper limb was moving to a greater degree than what was occurring in everyday life. We found that the use of the simulated affected limb was increased after the visual feedback enhancement intervention, and importantly, the effect was maintained even after gradual withdrawal of the visual amplification. The results suggest that positive reinforcement within the IVR could induce an effect on decision making in hand usage.

Published
2021
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174. Notch and TNF-α signaling promote cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 in intestinal epithelium cells and exhibit a cell protective role in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients

Author

Reiko Kuno, Go Ito, Ami Kawamoto, Yui Hiraguri, Hady Yuki Sugihara, Sayaka Takeoka, Sayaka Nagata, Junichi Takahashi, Mao Tsuchiya, Sho Anzai, Tomohiro Mizutani, Hiromichi Shimizu, Shiro Yui, Shigeru Oshima, Kiichiro Tsuchiya, Mamoru Watanabe, and Ryuichi Okamoto

Subjects
Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Notch pathway, OLFM4, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Notch signaling is activated in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and contributes to mucosal regeneration. Our previous study indicated that TNF-α and Notch signaling may synergistically promote the expression of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) marker OLFM4 in human IECs. In the present study, we investigated the gene regulation and function of OLFM4 in human IEC lines. We confirmed that TNF-α and Notch synergistically upregulate the mRNA expression of OLFM4. Luciferase reporter assay showed that OLFM4 transcription is regulated by the synergy of TNF-α and Notch. At the protein level, synergy between TNF-α and Notch promoted cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4, which has potential anti-apoptotic properties in human IECs. Analysis of patient-derived tissues and organoids consistently showed cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 in response to NF-κB and Notch activation. Cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 in human IECs is tightly regulated by Notch and TNF-α in synergy. Such cytoplasmic accumulation of OLFM4 may have a cell-protective role in the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD.

Published
2021
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