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933 results on '"Slattery, J."'

151. Genomic ancestry of the American puma (Puma concolor)

Author

Culver, M., Johnson, William Ernest, Pecon-Slattery, J., and O'Brien, S.J.

Subjects
Genotype -- Research, Pumas -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Genomic DNA specimens from 315 pumas of specified geographic origin were analysed. Six phylogeographic groupings of subspecies were identified.

Published
2000

154. Antidepressant prescribing in five European countries: application of common definitions to assess the prevalence, clinical observations, and methodological implications.

Author

Abajo, F., Leufkens, H., Vries, F., Staa, T., Dijk, L., Egberts, A., Gardarsdottir, H., Bruin, M., Abbing-Karahagopian, V., Souverein, P., Groot, M., Klungel, O., Schlienger, R., Huerta, C., Gil, M., Oliva, B., Slattery, J., Alvarez, Y., Miret, M., and Hesse, U.

Subjects
ANTIDEPRESSANTS, AGE distribution, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATABASES, DRUG utilization, DRUG prescribing, RESEARCH funding, PHYSICIAN practice patterns, DISEASE prevalence, STATISTICAL models
Abstract

Purpose: Drug utilization studies have applied different methods to various data types to describe medication use, which hampers comparisons across populations. The aim of this study was to describe the time trends in antidepressant prescribing in the last decade and the variation in the prevalence, calculated in a uniform manner, in seven European electronic healthcare databases. Methods: Annual prevalence per 10,000 person-years (PYs) was calculated for 2001-2009 in databases from Spain, Germany, Denmark, the United Kingdom (UK), and the Netherlands. Prevalence data were stratified according to age, sex, antidepressant type (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors [SSRIs] or tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs]) and major indications. Results: The age- and sex-standardized prevalence was lowest in the two Dutch (391 and 429 users per 10,000 PYs) and highest in the two UK (913 and 936 users per 10,000 PYs) populations in 2008. The prevalence in the Danish, German, and Spanish populations was 637, 618, and 644 users per 10,000 PY respectively. Antidepressants were prescribed most often in 20- to 60-year-olds in the two UK populations compared with the others. SSRIs were prescribed more often than TCAs in all except the German population. In the majority of countries we observed an increasing trend of antidepressant prescribing over time. Two different methods identifying recorded indications yielded different ranges of proportions of patients recorded with the specific indication (15-57 % and 39-69 % for depression respectively). Conclusion: Despite applying uniform methods, variations in the prevalence of antidepressant prescribing were obvious in the different populations. Database characteristics and clinical factors may both explain these variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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176. Tacrolimus (FK506) alone or in combination with methotrexate or methylprednisolone for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after marrow transplantation from HLA-matched siblings: a single-center study

Author

Nash, RA, primary, Etzioni, R, additional, Storb, R, additional, Furlong, T, additional, Gooley, T, additional, Anasetti, C, additional, Appelbaum, FR, additional, Doney, K, additional, Martin, P, additional, and Slattery, J, additional

Published
1995
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198. Validation of statistical signal detection procedures in eudravigilance post-authorization data: a retrospective evaluation of the potential for earlier signalling.

Author

Alvarez Y, Hidalgo A, Maignen F, Slattery J, Alvarez, Yolanda, Hidalgo, Ana, Maignen, Francois, and Slattery, Jim

Abstract

Background: Screening large databases of spontaneous case reports of possible adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is an established method of identifying hitherto unknown adverse effects of medicinal products; however, there is a lack of consensus concerning the value of formal statistical screening procedures in guiding such a process. This study was performed to clarify the nature of any added benefits and additional effort required when established pharmacovigilance techniques are supplemented with statistical screening.Objective: To evaluate whether statistical signal detection in spontaneous reporting data can lead to earlier detection of drug safety problems and to assess the additional regulatory work entailed.Methods: Using the EudraVigilance post-authorization module (EVPM), a screening procedure based on the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) was applied retrospectively to examine if regulatory investigations concerning ADRs in a predefined set of products could have been initiated earlier than occurred in practice. During the same time period, between September 2003 and March 2007, the number of PRR-based signals of disproportionate reporting (SDR) that arose in the same set of products was calculated and evaluated to determine the number requiring investigation. The outcome is expressed as the ratio of the number of SDRs requiring investigation compared with the number of signals pre-empted by the statistical screening approach. In those cases where the signal was discovered earlier, the delay was calculated between identification by the PRR method and by the method that originally identified the signal.Results: In 191 chemically different products, 532 adverse reactions were added to the summary of product characteristics during the study period. Of these, 405 were designated as important medical events (IMEs) based on a comprehensive predefined list. Of the IMEs, 217 (53.6%) were identified earlier by the statistical screening technique, 79 (19.6%) were detected after the date at which they were raised by standard pharmacovigilance methods and 109 (26.9%) were not signalled during the study period. 1561 SDRs requiring further evaluation were detected during the study period, giving a ratio of 7.2 assessments for each signal pre-empted. The mean delay between the discovery of signals using the statistical methods in the EVPM and established methods in the 217 cases detected earlier was 2.45 years. A review resulted in clear explanation for why the statistical method had not pre-empted detection in all but 77 of 188 cases.Conclusions: The form of statistical signal detection tested in this study can provide significant early warning in a large proportion of drug safety problems; however, it cannot detect all safety issues more quickly than other pharmacovigilance processes and hence it should be used in addition to, rather than as an alternative to, established methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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199. Compatibility constraint at interfaces with elastic, crystalline solids-I: Theory.

Author

Xiuhua Si, Eun-Suok Oh, and Slattery, J. C.

Subjects
EQUATIONS, STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics), RESIDUAL stresses, OXIDATION
Abstract

Starting with an extended Gibbs-Duhem equation and an expression for stress-deformation behavior derived by Oh and Slattery for elastic crystalline solids, we derive a new compatibility constraint on stress at coherent interfaces. Its use is demonstrated in determining the residual stresses developed during oxidation on the surface of a cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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