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After a secondary equipment in a smart substation has defects, the monitoring signals, SV, GOOSE and other information of the smart substation will change. Defect diagnosis is to use the information to find out the cause and source of the defects of the smart substation. In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and low accuracy of secondary equipment defect in smart substation, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for secondary equipment of smart substation based on information flow. First, the target of defect diagnosis and the information that can be used it sorted out. For the diagnosis of secondary equipment defects, the smart substation secondary equipment defect information flow is defined, and its construction method is described in detail. Finally, based on the above key information, a method for diagnosing the secondary equipment defects of smart substation is proposed. The method can be used for on-site elimination of samart substation, and the method is universal.

In order to standardize the construction of smart construction site of substation, meet the requirements of observable, measurable and controllable whole process of project technology, safety, quality, progress and procurement, and realize the goal of lean management and control, this paper expounds the concept of smart construction site from four aspects: Framework Construction of smart construction site, platform and module construction of smart construction site, mechanism construction and pilot application. This paper puts forward an overall scheme of smart substation construction site based on 5g technology, which combines big data, artificial intelligence, state perception and video recognition technology to solve the multi-dimensional management requirements of safety, quality and progress during construction. The intelligent site visualization platform is established and integrated with 3D model to realize 3D visualization display of site information.

With the popularization and application of “Internet of Things” technologies such as equipment online monitoring and intelligent inspection in the field of substation operation and maintenance, the number of subsystems in smart substations has increased rapidly, and the types of information and the amount of information have shown explosive growth. However, due to disorder and irregular expression, the potential value of a large amount of information is difficult to be effectively used. This paper proposes a “system code-device code-information code” information coding technology that serves the operation and maintenance of information equipment to make information orderly and standardized. This technology lays the foundation for quickly and accurately finding the required information, fully mining and effectively using the value of information, strengthening information fusion between subsystems, and realizing digital management and control of substation equipment information.

According to the problems of low system integration, no redundant configuration and wide fault influence range of the measurement and control device, this paper research on the scheme of integrated measurement and control device in smart station, which can greatly reduce the number of measurement and control devices and effectively improve the reliability of integrated system. At the same time, the maintenance technology for integrated measurement and control device can improve the efficiency of maintenance for the whole station.

Over the past decade, China has undertaken substation intellectualization of more than 2000 substation operations in three stages. Much experience has been achieved during this developmental period. In this paper, the status of smart substation development in China is systematically presented, as well as future directions of the smart substation, such as adoption of the hierarchical protection and control system.

Fast protection of distribution substation based on traveling wave is becoming a reality today. The transient traveling wave is mostly used in protection to determine the faulted line and the fault location. The advantages of signal of traveling wave includes immunity to system oscillation, transition resistance, CT saturation, and neutral point operation modes. In this article, a detailed study for analyzing the performance of using WLAN for real time protection based on the transient traveling wave. The high sampling frequency needed for traveling wave causes blockage in communication in the process bus. Now a packing of multi samples with suitable compression techniques in Merging Unit (MU), or using feature extraction with Hilbert–Huang transform with WLAN compliance with IEC 61850 has been tested. Further, this article presents the modeling and simulation of a WLAN communication network for an automation system using the precepts of IEC 61850, which is currently becoming a trend in Substation Automation System (SAS) specification. This article also investigates the impact of impulsive and interface noise on WLAN performance. Finally, the article advocates the wide application of traveling waves in the digital substations based on the IEC 61850 protocol.

With the rapid development of economy in our country, current the construction of intelligent power grid, the substation equipment and device also began to high science and technology development. Currently the substation has basically realized the modernization and automation, the equipment is set technology. In this case, you need to adapt to the high level of operation management, so as to effectively guarantee the normal operation of the equipment, avoid the happening of the fault. But in the current our country the majority of the substation, its operation and management is still in the extensive mode of management, not compatible with the level of automation and modernization, which result in the low productivity of substation operation, frequent accidents, unable to meet the needs of the modern equipment management, so strengthening the operation of the substation management is very necessary, will effectively promote the stability and reliability of the power grid operation. This paper studies the substation compositions, introduces the development of substation. Finally, the advantage of smart substation, the key technology and management are analyzed in detailed.

This paper studies the application of plug-and-play location-based protection device in smart substation, introduces the hardware and software design scheme of smart substation plug-and-play location-based protection device, in order to improve the environmental adaptability and operation reliability of smart substation protection device, and reduce the operation cost of substation. In order to improve the protection performance and operation reliability of smart substation, the practicability and effectiveness of plug and play local-based protection device and intelligent management unit software are verified.

With the rapid development of Internet of Things and communication technologies, substations are becoming more intelligent, which brings opportunities for cyber attacks, threatens the safety of substations, and the high coupling of equipment in substations increases the threat. This paper analyzes and studies the information-physical characteristics and equipment coupling problems of smart substations, constructs a smart substation CPS model based on the balance equation of state quantity, and designs a line fault simulation example to verify the stability of the model.

The application transparency of secondary equipment in Smart Substation is low, the logical linkage is poor, and the intercommunication ability of equipment from different manufacturers is limited, which seriously restricts the promotion and application of advanced application functions. In view of the above problems, this paper carries out the research on advanced application configuration design technology of Smart substation, realizes automatic generation of advanced application logic through configuration configuration technology, realizes real-time display of logic status through configuration monitoring technology, and develops a measurement and control device supporting configuration design. The research results of this project are applied to a 110kV Smart substation in Hubei Province. The application results show that the technology described in this paper can effectively improve the application quality and efficiency of advanced application functions.

Due to the continuous development of science and technology in China, technological innovations have started in various fields. In the background of this era, power companies have begun to build smart grids. As a key link in the construction of power grids, substations will inevitably follow the trend of smart development and become the focus of current power companies. However, relay protection determines whether smart substations can achieve efficient operation. This article analyzes the main points of smart substation relay protection, and draw the improvement strategy of smart substations on relay protection, which includes the protection of the transformer, voltage limit delay, and line protection, thus promoting a healthy development of smart grids in China.

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and difficult configuration of equipment monitoring information in smart substation, an automatic generation method of substation monitoring information table is proposed. By analyzing the configuration file of smart substation, the information of primary and secondary equipment is obtained, and the full model of equipment monitoring information table can be established automatically. According to the classification characteristics of the standard monitoring template, the equipment monitoring information table is automatically generated by association mapping with the monitoring template.

A unified specification to design and operate the stability control device in smart substation has not been formed yet, which has greatly affected the promotion and application of stability control device in smart substation. Thus, referring to the technical specifications of protection device and combining to the specificity of stability control device, a full and detailed configuration scheme is proposed to meet the requirement, including the device configuration principle, the access configuration of SV and GOOSE for variable primary connection types, the virtual terminal and soft switch. This solution is beneficial to standardize the R&D of stability control device in smart substation, and to facilitate on-site debugging, operation and maintenance.

First, the overall design principles of the online monitoring of secondary equipment in smart substations are studied. Then, the overall architecture of online monitoring of secondary equipment is proposed. Finally, the advanced application of the online monitoring system of secondary equipment is analyzed. The method proposed in this paper improves the online monitoring and management level of secondary equipment, and provides technical support for the regulation and condition maintenance of secondary equipment.

With the continuous development of smart substations, the functions of switches have been continuously improved. To improve the efficiency of the operation and maintenance of secondary equipment, this article proposes a fault location method for secondary equipment in smart substations based on switches and deep neural networks. First, the key alarm signal capture function and traffic statistics function are configured on the switch. Secondly, based on alarm information, traffic statistics, and message subscription relationships, the representation of the fault feature information method is proposed. Using the training rules of deep learning, the fault location model of secondary equipment based on deep neural network is established and the fault location steps are given. Taking the line spacing of smart substations as an example, simulations verify the effectiveness of the fault location method, and good location results can still be obtained in an environment with insufficient feature information reliability.

With the continuous advancement of technology and the ever-increasing demand for information digitization in power systems, smart substations have become the most mainstream substations currently used in China. The secondary circuit and pressure plate of the intelligent substation are virtual forms constructed by internal software. There is no obvious electrical disconnection point, so there is a big difference in operation and maintenance and repair methods from conventional substations. Combined with the requirements of the intelligent station maintenance business, this paper proposes to deploy a “one-click” security system in the station control layer monitoring system of the intelligent substation. This system is only used as an additional module and does not depend on the software and hardware structure of the station control layer. It is of great significance to effectively improve the efficiency of intelligent secondary equipment operation inspection and better guarantee the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

With the changing mode of power grid development, the innovation and development of management model, the smart substation has entered a comprehensive construction stage. In this chapter, the technology of a new generation smart substation is introduced, including its characteristics, primary system, secondary system, network technology and information flow, and technology of prefabricated cabin for secondary device. For each part, the composition and characteristics of the technology are proposed and investigated, together with their application in new generation substations. With these new technologies, the aims of high degree of integration system, reasonable structure, advanced equipment, and economic energy saving are expected to be achieved.

A weighted fuzzy clustering algorithm based on dynamic interval is proposed to solve the problem of inaccuracy of missing attributes in clustering. By selecting the index that can reflect the secondary equipment state of intelligent substation comprehensively and combining with the weighted fuzzy clustering algorithm based on dynamic interval, the clustering classification result of the whole secondary equipment state of intelligent substation can be obtained accurately. According to the result, the corresponding maintenance strategy is adopted. The experimental results show that the weighted fuzzy clustering algorithm based on dynamic interval can effectively improve the clustering accuracy and the stability of the convergence, which can be very good to adapt themselves to the secondary device state overhaul.

This paper studies the necessary technical conditions for realizing the universal interchange of secondary device. Based on the general platform architecture, universal hardware platform and software interface, the conceptual design of universal equipment for secondary device is proposed. According to the characteristics of the secondary device in the smart substation, a universal equipment for secondary devices is designed. The universal equipment can realize the automatic downloading of configuration files of secondary device, covering secondary devices such as protection device, measuring and controlling device, intelligent terminal, merging unit. The universal equipment of secondary device can greatly shorten the development time and achieve standardized interface management.

The new technology of IEC61850, Ethernet communication technology and ECT/VT(or OCT/VT) is applied more and more in smart substations in China. However, the conventional distributed busbar protection relay applied the closed hardware design and private protocol, and then it is impossible to adopt the common communication architecture of the smart substation to share the substation information and be compatible with other manufacturers’ hardware. The new distributed busbar protection IED applied the MU and ICU as the subunit based on IEC61850 standard. The IED can be applied not only in smart substation, but in the conventional substation as well.

Based on analysis of operating mechanism of smart substation supervision and control system (SSCS), Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) was introduced to evaluate the reliability of SSCS. First, function of SSCS was divided into three types, and corresponding functional reliability block diagrams (RBD) were established. Secondly, the DBN model and its solution of SSCS were implemented based on the functional RBD. Finally, a study case was presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that dynamic characteristics of SSCS could be well described by DBN and hence provide reference for the system configuration optimization, and fault diagnoses.

The impact of communication message has not yet been effectively considered in the reliability assessment of the centralized protection system in smart substations. To address this issue, first, a method to evaluate the reliability of communication messages was proposed by analyzing the transmission mechanism of the communication message. Subsequently, based on the centralized protection system in D2-1-type smart substations, contrastive analysis focusing on the impact of messages on protection reliability under different networking modes and protection strategies was carried out. Finally, virtual local area network (VLAN) was applied to demonstrate its capability to improve the reliability of protective messages. The result shows that, the distributed protection is subject to the message reliability, whereas the centralized protection is not apparently affected by the message reliability. The reliability of protection systems is also impacted by different networking modes, and VLAN is conducive to improving the protection system reliability.

Smart substation is an important part of smart grid and the source of measurements. Local bad data identification inside smart substation is an effective solution to improve the accuracy of the basic data of power grid. The computing architecture and basic concepts of substation bad data identification are explained. The research status of substation bad data identification methods is summarized, including rule-based sequential identification, artificial intelligence based data identification and substation generalized state estimation. Finally, the future research of substation bad data identification is prospected.

As the large-scale construction of smart substation, the refurbishment and extension of smart substations become more and more. The state-of-art about the test of the refurbishment and extension of secondary system in smart substation is introduced and the problems and new needs are described. The new test process combined pre-test and on-site test is presented, and the new method about the test is discussed in detail from four aspects which are the configuration and verification of SCD file, the construction of virtual simulation and test platform, the pre-test and the join-test on-site. The security measure for the on-site test is also provided. At last, take the extension of line as an example and make analysis; it will be helpful to the test refurbishment and extension of secondary system in smart substation.

With the further smart grid, the research and application of network security situation awareness (NSSA) in smart substations are receiving more attention. In this paper, we propose a method of network safety forecasting for smart substations based on Gibbs-LDA and least square support vector machines. The project extracts all kinds of message information of intelligent substation network as message set, obtains sample characteristics and message set model, and establishes multi-dimensional prediction model of intelligent substation network security based on LDA. And use the least square support vector algorithm to get the prediction result. The experiment on the data set collected by smart substation shows that the method in this paper has the advantages of high prediction accuracy and short prediction time compared with other methods.

The protocol and data transmitting of smart substation is different from ordinary substation. Based on the requirements of PMU in smart substation, the PMU tester in smart substation is researched according to the algorithms and methods under the condition of smart substation. Considering the characteristics of PMU installation in smart substation, different methods are presented. Moreover, various formats of signal in smart substation would be involved in PMU tester design. On account of massive jobs on the accuracy of currents and voltages test and composition of reports for engineers, the software designed in the PMU tester would guarantee the facility procedure, efficiency and validity test of PMU in smart substation.

In order to assist the secondary shift personnel to carry out the intelligent substation maintenance operation, a method of automatic generation of the second maintenance safety measures of intelligent substation is presented. Based on the maintenance safety mechanism of intelligent substation and the technical principle of ensuring maintenance safety, the types and functions of secondary safety measures are summarized. The maintenance equipment, accompanying equipment, associated operation equipment and maintenance boundary are defined. It includes design maintenance-stop base library, single equipment base library and maintenance safety measures filter rule base and it instantiates the base library by using the whole station system configuration file. The application and scope of "one-button" automatic double secondary maintenance safety measures and transparent display maintenance security measures are realized. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by the pilot project, and it has good practicability.

随着我国电力行业的迅速发展以及经济水平的不断提升，智能电网建设速度不断增快，智能变电站也进入了快速发展时期。当前标准配送式智能变电站成为智能变电站发展的新方向。标准配送式智能变电站二次系统采用预制舱式二次组合设备，本文介绍预制舱式二次组合设备模块化方案及其在变电站工程中的应用。 With the rapid development of the electric power industry and constantly raise of economy level, the construction of smart grid is increasing. Meanwhile, smart substation has entered a period of rapid development. As a new direction, secondary system of standard delivery smart substation adopts the device of prefabricated cabin. This document mainly introduces the modularized scheme for the device of prefabricated cabin and the application in the substation project.

The ecological environment promotes the construction of smart grids, while the smart substation is the key to the construction of smart grids. Based on the supervision of the Zigui 220 KV smart substation project in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China, this paper studies how to well create the supervision for the smart substation project construction. With the research focus of “four-control, two-management and one-coordination” in the supervision and according to the problems and experience in the project construction, some reasonable suggestions are put forward, and then the accumulated methods and experience by supervisors when they are engaged in the supervision for the smart substation project construction are summarized.

Intelligent substation as smart grid important core link, which based on the characteristics of Smart Substation Intelligent components have higher requirements on precision electromagnetic environment and data. This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of interference sources and the intelligent substation of intelligent component performance requirements of electromagnetic compatibility, and has carried on the intelligent substation electromagnetic compatibility testing technology related research.

The new-generation smart substation, which is included in the index of annually key construction project of The STATE GRID Corporation of China, featuring deep integration of primary and secondary equipment, although still in the pilot construction phase, symbolizes the future and trend of the development of smart substation.In this paper, a complete scheme of test technology and method on dynamic simulation, single device function test, abnormal SV test is presented based on the integration, on-site and substation-wide characteristics of the equipment and the unique feature of construction and commission phase of new-generation smart substation as well as the previous experience of test and operation on both smart and traditional substation.This paper concentrates on the examination method that tests the impact of abnormal SV to the protection device, enumerating all possible conditions of abnormal sampling data and corresponding test manner and methods. At last, a detailed test result on protection device from a new-generation substation that is in its final stage of commissioning is presented .

Since its invention, Electricity has played a vital role in our everyday life. The appearance of the first power production facilities in the late nineteenth century paved the way for the electrical power system and its subsystems. Consumers of electric power demand dependable service in terms of power grid stability and safety. Since the liberalization of the markets, producers of electric power, utilities and equipment suppliers, as principal players, are following an emerging trend to satisfy consumers’ demands. This trend involves improving technologies, innovating and respecting standards requirements and governments’ regulations. All these efforts termed as the concept of the Smart Grid that is evolving to meet future demands.Modern and future digital substations shape essential nodes in the grid, where stability of electric power flow, converting of voltage levels and protecting switchyard equipment are among the primary roles of these nodes. The promising standard IEC 61850 and its parts, bring new features to the substation automation systems. The use of Ethernet based communication within these systems reduces the amount of hardwired connections that results in lowering footprint of substation equipment, devices and their cabling.Integration of the new IEC 61850 features at the substation levels requires multidiscipline competences. For instance, consider power protection and control tasks from one side and information and communication technologies from the other side. Dependency between substation automation functions and communication networks inside a substation brings new kinds of challenges to designers, integrators and testers. Thus, investigating the dependability of the system functionalities, e.g. the protection schemes, requires new methods of testing where conventional methods are not applicable. The new techniques should provide means to evaluate performance of designed systems and checking their conformance to the standards requirements.In order to improve the designed system dependability, this work aims to develop methods for testing the IEC 61850 enabled substation automation systems, especially on the process and the bay levels, in a platform dedicated for research tasks. This platform incorporates state-of-art devices and test-set cards that will help to simultaneously observe dynamic interactions of the power transients and communication network perturbations. Data obtained during the experimental tests will be used for diagnosing of failures and classifying their causes in order to remove them and enhance dependability of the designed system., Depuis son invention, l'électricité joue un rôle essentiel dans notre vie quotidienne. L'apparition des premières installations de production d'électricité à la fin du XIXème siècle a ouvert la voie au système électrique et à ses sous-systèmes. Les consommateurs d'énergie électrique exigent un service fiable en termes de stabilité et de sécurité du réseau électrique. Depuis la libéralisation des marchés, les producteurs d'énergie électrique, les fournisseurs de services publics et d'équipements, en tant qu'acteurs principaux, suivent une tendance émergente pour satisfaire les demandes des consommateurs. Cette tendance implique l'amélioration des technologies, l'innovation et le respect des normes et des réglementations gouvernementales. Tous ces efforts ont été qualifiés de concept de réseaux intelligents (Smart Grid en anglais) qui évolue pour répondre aux demandes futures.Les sous-stations numériques modernes et futures façonnent des nœuds essentiels dans le réseau électrique, où la stabilité du flux d'énergie électrique, la conversion des niveaux de tension et la protection de l'équipement du poste de commutation figurent parmi les principaux rôles de ces nœuds. La norme prometteuse CEI 61850 et ses composants apportent de nouvelles fonctionnalités aux systèmes d'automatisation des postes. L'utilisation de la communication Ethernet dans ces systèmes réduit la quantité de connexions câblées qui réduit l'encombrement de l'équipement de la sous-station, des dispositifs et de leur câblage.L'intégration des nouvelles fonctionnalités CEI 61850 au niveau des sous-stations requiert des compétences multidisciplinaires. Par exemple, considérons les tâches de protection et de contrôle de la puissance d'un côté et les technologies de l'information et de la communication de l'autre. La dépendance entre les fonctions d'automatisation des sous-stations et les réseaux de communication à l'intérieur d'une sous-station pose de nouveaux défis aux concepteurs, intégrateurs et testeurs. Ainsi, étudier la fiabilité des fonctionnalités du système, par exemple, les schémas de protection, exige de nouvelles méthodes d'essai où les méthodes conventionnelles ne sont pas applicables. Les nouvelles techniques devraient fournir des moyens d'évaluer les performances des systèmes conçus et de vérifier leur conformité aux exigences des normes.Afin d'améliorer la fiabilité du système conçu, ce travail vise à développer des méthodes pour tester les systèmes d'automatisation de sous-station CEI 61850, en particulier sur les processus et les niveaux de la baie, dans une plate-forme dédiée aux tâches de recherche. Cette plate-forme incorpore des dispositifs de pointe et des cartes de test qui aideront à observer simultanément les interactions dynamiques des transitoires de puissance et les perturbations du réseau de communication. Les données obtenues lors des tests expérimentaux seront utilisées pour diagnostiquer les défaillances et classer leurs causes afin de les supprimer et d'améliorer la fiabilité du système conçu.

In order to improve the reliability of power supply, it is necessary to study the intelligent transformer of the key equipment in the smart substation. Firstly, the transformer model based on the magnetic coupling mechanism is given according to the magnetic coupling characteristics of the transformer. Then, considering the static coupling characteristics of the transformer under high frequency conditions, an improved transformer model based on wide frequency mechanism is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by comparing the simulation data with the actual measured data for an actual object.

According to the requirements of smart substation metering system, a digital interface based on IEC 61850 specification is given, then the functional model of the merging unit is discussed. Meanwhile, according to the actual situation, the author proposes an analog output interface, in order to fit with traditional substation secondary equipment. Then the solution based on TMS320F28335 digital control platform is described, for which the voltage control module of the software and hardware circuits are discussed in detail. The experimental data shows that the proposed merging unit and analog voltage output interface can meet the accuracy standard of electronic transformer in the smart substation.

The concept of smart substations has been widely used in power systems. Since the variation in interfaces and communication manner, the operating& maintenance methods for smart stations have changed a lot compared with the traditional substations. In this paper , a training system based on virtual substation primary equipment combined with real secondary devices is developed for accident management and operating work in smart substations. The training system is also used to test the relay protection algorithms、Ethernet switch functions、fault recorder actions ,and so on.

Substation-area protection is the key aspect of new generation protection system with a layered structure in smart substation. This paper describes the concept, coverage and functions of substation-area protection and the coordination with other subsystems. Then an idea of implementing full-featured applications of substation-area protection gradually has been proposed. According to the practical functions, a series of protection modules have been designed subsequently, which involve unit redundancy protection, optimized substation-area backup protection and substation-area automatic controller. To meet the requirements mentioned above, a dedicated hardware platform has been proposed, including main processor module, FPGA (field programmable gate array) data processing module and a data communication module between boards. Finally, a prototype of substation-area protection adopting the proposed design has been realized. The performance of the prototype is evaluated through static experiments and RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) simulation of a typical 110kV substation. The test results show that the specialized indexes of the prototype have fully reached engineering requirements.

Due to the various characteristics of smart substation, such as digitization, integration, low carbon and environmental protection, it has been widely used in recent years. But because of its excessive reliance on the network and communications, many accidents of smart substation secondary system have been occurred. In this paper, an on-line monitoring and accident inversion scheme is proposed, which could be used to judge the health status of the substation before the accident occurs. The research result of this paper can realize the pre-accident warning, accident evaluation, post-accident inversion, and provide the quantitative basis for the whole life cycle management and state maintenance of the secondary equipment.

The electronic transformer is the most important data collecting unit within substation, and the reliability of its output signal concerns the realization of substation protection and control function. In view of the similarity of power system signal, this paper proposes a novel strategy based on wavelet algorithm and WVD time-frequency distribution to identify the real-time fault signal of the electronic transformer. Simulation results show that this strategy could effectively identify the fault transformer and guarantee the data accuracy of intelligent application in substation.

In order to improve construction economy and system reliability of smart substations, this paper presents an application model of functional redundancy in measurement and control. Puts forward effectiveness identification of data monitor direction in measurement and control functional redundancy, verification of dual monitor, principle of control direction mutex and uniqueness. Makes clear the structure of hardware system, analysis its key technology and realization method. In this method, the central control servers are established in station level. Solves the problems of remote information selection, control authority uniqueness and poor data sharing caused by measure-control devices redundancy configuration according to voltage level in substations. Reduces the numbers of secondary cubicles and interfaces, improves integration of secondary equipment.

Smart substations are an integral part of a smart grid. There are different new smart devices and components in the key systems of the substations. In order to study the impact of lightning to smart substations, simulation modeling will be used to analyze the damages caused by lightning and the lightning protection level. According to the analysis, the impact of lightning to smart substations differs from that to conventional substations in the following three aspects: the number of cables is reduced; there are short cables; and there are smart devices at the outdoor switching station. According to the calculation for an 110kV smart substation, high-amplitude lightning directly striking lightning rods is the main cause of disruption to the devices of smart substations; the impact of low amplitude lightning to smart substations will be considered only when it strikes smart substations of 500kV or higher; where there are line arresters and intact metal shells, the lightning intruding surge and inductive lightning will not affect the equipment of the station.

This paper presents a practical evaluation method for the operation quality of smart substation secondary equipment. The evaluation method includes evaluation index system, evaluation model and evaluation process. Taking full account of the main factors which affect the operation quality of smart substation secondary equipment, the veto index is proposed and a relatively complete evaluation index system is set up; a new evaluation model is proposed considering the characteristics of the veto index, in this evaluation model, the initial weight coefficient of the index is determined by the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP), and then it is modified by the variable weight theory; finally, a complete set of evaluation process is proposed. In this paper, the evaluation method is described in detail, and the practicality of the proposed method is further clarified by the example evaluation.

Information communication system is one of the keys to the implementation of a smart substation, therefore monitoring of optical power for the secondary equipment network is helpful to improve the security and stability of communication in substation. Based on a study of the existing monitoring methods of optical fiber communication in smart substation, a monitoring system of optical power is proposed by analyzing the historical data and historical trend. Some key parts such as the framework for the monitoring system of optical power, template library of component, historical database and the analysis of historical trend are implemented. In this monitoring system, prediction of changes in optical power based on historical trend is designed and analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of the monitoring method of optical power in fiber communication for secondary equipment and using it as a prejudgment to retrieve abnormal communication state are verified by a practical example.