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Covid-19 pandemin medförde världsomvälvande förändringar i många delar av livet, inte minst för arbetet. Vad som kom därtill var en investering i distansarbete, något som funnits länge men som blev pånyttfödd efter 2020. Denna studie utforskar vad distansarbete innebär för deltagare i distansarbetet i termer av arbetslivsbalans, mental hälsa och relationer. Syftet är att utforska vilka effekter distansarbetet har på arbetstagare samt att försöka förklara varför detta är fallet. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ fenomenologisk ansats med hjälp av intervjuer med fem informanter. Resultatet visar en positiv uppsving av autonomi och känslor av kompetens med en förlust av social samhörighet. Detta förklaras genom teorin Self-Determination Theory av Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008) som psykologiska behov. De behöver uppfyllas för en tillfredsställd tillvaro, och talar då till vad som behöver göras inom distansarbete för att arbetstagare ska kunna uppnå en tillfredsställd tillvaro samt hur det ska gå till och varför det är nödvändigt., The Covid-19 pandemic ushered in profound changes in various aspects of life, particularly in the realm of work. In addition to these changes came a resurgence of interest in remote work, a concept that had long existed but gained renewed attention after 2020. This study explores the implications of remote work for participants in terms of work-life balance, mental health, and relationships. The objective is to investigate the effects of remote work on employees and to attempt an explanation for these outcomes. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study conducted interviews with five participants. The results reveal a positive surge in autonomy and feelings of competence coupled with a loss of social connectedness. This is elucidated through the lens of Self-Determination Theory by Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008), which emphasizes psychological needs essential for a satisfying existence. These needs must be met for a fulfilled life, addressing what needs to be done within the context of remote work for employees to achieve satisfaction, how it can be accomplished, and why it is imperative.

Studien undersöker genom multipel regressionsanalys sambandet mellan miljöengagemang och politisk tillit, med utgångspunkt i enkätdata med urval ur den svenska befolkningen. Miljöengagemang mäts genom generellt intresse för miljön och medlemskap i en miljöorganisation. Tillit till riksdagen, svenska rikspolitiker samt politiska partier utgör indikatorer för politisk tillit. Interaktionseffekter som påverkar sambandet undersöks med tre dimensioner av samhällsklass. Pierre Bourdieus teori om habitus och kapital utgör studiens grund, som därför utgår från samhällsklass baserat på utbildning, inkomst och subjektiv klass. Undersökningen bygger på data från 1998 och 2014 för att kunna analysera förändringar över tid. Resultatet visar att miljöintresse har en starkare korrelation till politisk tillit 2014 än 1998, och omvänt att medlemskap i en miljöorganisation och politisk tillit har en starkare samvariation 1998 än 2014. Förklaringskraften hos enbart dessa variabler är dock låg, och bakomliggande variabler kan tänkas förklara associationen. Vidare visar sig klass påverka sambandet. Ett mönster går att urskilja i resultaten hos alla tre dimensioner av klass 1998, där högre klasstillhörighet är kopplat till en mer negativ korrelation mellan miljöintresse och politisk tillit. Mönstret är statistiskt signifikant för utbildning och subjektiv klass, men inte inkomst. Samma struktur finns i resultatet kvar hos utbildning och subjektiv klass 2014, men försvagat och utan statistisk signifikans. Interaktionseffekten för inkomst försvinner helt 2014, då alla inkomstgrupper visar ett lika starkt samband mellan miljöengagemang och politisk tillit.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted governments around the globe to employ various measures, such as social distancing and quarantine, to prevent its spread. The pandemic contributed to drastic changes in everyday life, through economic shocks, fear of the virus, morbidity, and mortality. It was quickly suspected that stress, fear, and loneliness resulting from these factors, would have a negative impact on mental health. While previous research suggests an increase of clinical mental morbidity in Sweden during the pandemic, its impact on subjective well-being remains unexplored. The aim of this study is to broaden the understanding of public health during the pandemic by considering a self-reported measure of well-being. Using data from the latest Swedish Generations and Gender Survey (2021), this study sets out to answer two research questions. First, how are demographic characteristics associated with worsened subjective well-being? Secondly, given that foreign-born individuals were disproportionately affected by a range of COVID-19 related negative outcomes, this thesis asks whether foreign-born individuals were particularly affected by worsened subjective well-being. The questions are analysed through descriptive statistics and stepwise modeling using Linear Probability Models. Findings suggest that younger age and being female is associated with negative changes in subjective well-being, net of resources in terms of education, income and activity status, and family status. Foreign-born individuals were indeed particularly affected by worsened subjective well-being. This was partly mediated through their higher propensity of unemployment and on average lower income. By using a nationally representative sample and timely data, this thesis contributes to the understanding of COVID-19 related effects in Sweden. Furthermore, it sheds lights on the experiences of foreign-born individuals, a previously understudied group within the well-being literature.

Inspirationen till denna uppsats är att begreppet osynligt arbete regelbundet cirkulerat i massmedier, böcker och forskning, både i en svensk och internationell kontext. Till det osynliga arbetet hör den typ av arbete som inte ges ekonomisk ersättning, och som ofta karaktäriseras av att det går obemärkt. Det är även där en nästintill paradoxal aspekt med osynligt arbete kan återfinnas, då frånvaro av arbetet blir synligt. Trots att begreppets rötter kan härledas till sent 1980-tal, är det förmodligen ännu mer relevant att diskutera idag eftersom jämställdhet förbättrats på många andra samhällsplan, medan fördelningen av osynligt arbete fortfarande är ojämn. Detta gör det även sociologiskt intressant att undersöka. Vetskapen om att kvinnor utför mer osynligt arbete än män är inget nytt för samhället. Varför arbetsfördelningen mellan kön inte är jämn verkar samhället veta desto mindre om. Utomlands har dock inkomst visat sig ha betydelse för hur osynligt arbete fördelas. Med avstamp i tidigare forskning är därför syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka om inkomst har betydelse för fördelningen av osynligt arbete även i Sverige. Undersökningen fokuserar på parförhållanden och för analysen nyttjas olika typer av sambandsanalyser, som multipel regression. Vidare undersöks effekten av kön på osynligt arbete för att inte dra felaktiga slutsatser om urvalet. Med hjälp av svenska data från 2012, predicerar regressionsmodellerna att inkomst inte kan förklara fördelningen av osynligt arbete när kön läggs till i analysen. Resultatet visar nämligen att kvinnor utför mer osynligt arbete än män. Detta betyder att inkomst, givet den specifika kontext som undersöks, inte har lika stark förklaringskraft till fördelningen av osynligt arbete som kön har. Trots detta främjar resultaten vidare forskning på ämnet då signifikanta resultat hittats i bivariata analyser.

At the end of the 20th century we saw great changes in family dynamics with rates ofseparation and re-partnerning increasing across Europe. Previous research has primarilyfocused on adults but less is known about how these family demographic changes haveaffected children's family structure. From previous studies we know that there areregional differences in children's propensity to experience parental separation, repartneringas well as being born to a lone mother. A link between maternal educationand children's risk of experiencing certain family transitions have also been found, butthe evidence are mixed and the educational gradients are not always clear. In this thesis,I use data from the Harmonized Histories dataset on 16 European countries to findwhich family structures are the most common for European children and how they varyacross regions and by maternal educational level. I use sequence and cluster analysis toidentify the set of family structures which best captures the family life course ofchildren up to age 15. I partly find similar results as previous studies with regard to theregional differences and educational gradient in family structure. New findings showthat there is a North/South divide in the propensity of children to remain with theiroriginal parents throughout childhood as well as experiencing parental separation andstepfamily formation. Further, I corroborate previous findings on the relationshipbetween maternal education and childhood family structure as well as provide newresults. One important finding is that children of highly educated mothers whoexperience parental separation are more likely than children of less educated mothers toremain with a single mother rather than to enter into a new stepfamily. This holds formost European regions. In sum, this research contributes to the field of familydemography by analyzing children’s longitudinal family structure and by incorporatingboth country of residence and socioeconomic background. It hig

Det övergripande syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt har varit att sammanställa forskning om återvändande och (åter)integration för barn i familj, med fokus på utbildning, sociokulturell (åter)integration och hälsa, samt möjligheter och hinder för en framgångsrik återvändande- och (åter)integrationsprocess. Målet med kunskapsöversikten är att bidra till ökad beredskap för samhällsaktörer i Sverige som är involverade i återvändandeprocessen för barn i familj. En sådan beredskap kan öka barn och familjers möjligheter att förbereda sig och mobilisera sina resurser inför ett återvändande, och ge barnen bättre förutsättningar till anpassning efter återvändandet. Att upprätthålla en ordnad och säker migration samt förmå individer som har ett av- eller utvisningsbeslut att återvända är en viktig fråga för många europeiska länder idag, inklusive Sverige. Men asyl- och återvändandeprocessen behöver också genomsyras av ett barnrättsperspektiv, vilket svenska myndigheter som är involverade i denna process har uppmärksammat och arbetat med under en längre tid. I detta avseende har barn i familj, det vill säga barn som ansökt om uppehållstillstånd tillsammans med sina vårdnadshavare, identifierats som en särskilt sårbar grupp. Forskning visar att barn i familj ofta känner sig oinformerade, och de beskriver sin egen delaktighet i asyl- och återvändandeprocessen som låg. Det kan leda till känslor av chock och uppryckthet i samband med återvändandet, vilket kan påverka barnens psykosociala hälsa på både kort och på lång sikt. Forskning inom området visar även på stora utmaningar för barn att integreras i skolan efter ett återvändande. Översikten visar att språksvårigheter, en ny utbildningskontext, bristen på kompetens hos skolpersonal samt administrativa och ekonomiska hinder kan hämma barnens möjligheter att tillgodogöra sig utbildning i återvändarlandet. Barn i familj kan även utsättas för mobbing och utanförskap av både jämnåriga och vuxna på grund av sin status som återvändare

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This dissertation examines the role of hip-hop in shaping identity, immigrant integration, and social belonging in the Swedish context. It discusses how Swedish hip-hop artists with immigrant backgrounds and from segregated suburbs use their art to translate personal narratives, communicate social realities, and imagine alternative conceptions of Swedishness. The research draws upon Civil Sphere Theory (Alexander, 2006) and Recognition Theory (Lamont, 2018, 2023), which focus on symbolic boundaries that are in play in the conception of who “we” are as a society and associated processes of inclusion, belonging, and recognition. The study investigates how hip-hop assists immigrant-Swedish artists to articulate their experiences, construct identities, and navigate processes of integration and instances of exclusion. By describing the impact of the work of hip-hop artists and other key actors in the hip-hop scene, the dissertation considers the implications of hip-hop for immigrant incorporation, social recognition, and belonging within Swedish society. The analysis is based on qualitative data, including interviews with immigrant-Swedish hip-hop artists and other stakeholders of the hip-hop scene related to the suburbs of Stockholm, observations of significant places and performances in the Stockholm hip-hop scene, analysis of lyrics, and interpretation of secondary sources like media coverage. Through the analysis of this data, the dissertation uncovers how hip-hop artists challenge territorial stigmatization, work against racialization and discrimination, and strive for a greater appreciation for cultural hybridity and the multicultural reality of Sweden. The findings provide a nuanced portrait of hip-hop as a site of both empowerment and struggle for immigrant-Swedish individuals and communities. While hip-hop offers a platform for artistic expression, economic advancement, and agency, it also confronts tensions between commercial success and social marginalizatio

Increasing rates of refugee and family reunion immigration have led to rising concern about integration in Europe. Previous studies point to the importance of social contacts for migrants’ labour market integration but suggest that they play different roles for men and women. Yet, less attention has been paid to the potential factors shaping gender differences. Using the Swedish Level of Living Survey of foreign-born and their children, this study (1) establishes the gender-specific role of contacts at entry into employment among refugee and family reunion migrants, and (2) analyses how educational attainment and region of origin shape gender differences. Results reveal that social contacts promote entry into employment among migrant men. In contrast, contacts are not related to a shorter time to first job among migrant women. Findings further point towards gender differences in the role of social contacts by educational attainment and region of origin. In particular, migrant men appear to benefit from their contacts largely because social contacts assist low-educated men in securing work. Among women, the role of social contacts does not differ across educational attainment. Instead, educational attainment is directly associated with time to first job, suggesting that women rely more heavily on their formal education. The returns to social contacts are heterogeneous across regions of origin, and especially so among women.

This article proposes a reassessment of the concept of talent and offers tools for a conceptual and methodological shift in the study of talent identification in sports. Drawing on American pragmatism, specifically the pragmatic maxim, the article aims to clarify the concept of talent in talent identification that makes an athlete open for selection. The article organizes, presents, and discusses existing research on talent identification and highlights the need for a conceptual reevaluation. Instead of solely focusing on talent identification, the article suggests studying player qualifications through explicit and implicit tests, where the label “talent” is one outcome among several. The relevance of measurement, attachment, and judgment in this context of valuation is discussed. The article underscores the importance of considering the involved agents and the situational and historical context of these qualifications.

Exempel på saker som tas upp i rapporten:- Rekordstor klyfta mellan arbetarnas och tjänstemännens organisationsgrad: 58 respektive 73 procent 2023 = 15 procentenheter. (sid. 8-9, 13-15, 261-273)- Den fackliga organisationsgraden steg under ”pandemiåren” 2020 och 2021 men sjönk under ”inflationsåren” 2022 och 2023. Nedgången var mindre 2023 än 2022. (sid. 8-12, 261-281)- Antalet yrkesaktiva fackmedlemmar ökade 2023. (sid. 232)- Medlemsutvecklingen i LO-, TCO- och Sacoförbunden 2006-2023. (sid. 239-252)- Medlemsutvecklingen i LO, TCO, Saco och övriga 2015-2023 (s. 231-234)- De 35 största fackförbunden i Sverige 2023. (sid. 252-254)- Sveriges sex största fackförbund 1940-2023. (sid. 340)- De fackliga centralorganisationernas andelar av yrkesaktiva medlemmarna. (s. 237-239)- Rekordstor andel av arbetarna är utrikes födda: 34 procent 2023. (sid. 10-11, 273-281)- Bland anställda är tjänstemännen mer än dubbelt så många som arbetarna. (sid. 12-13, 285-291)- Enbart akademikerna är fler än arbetarna. (sid 286-287)- Paradox: tjänstemännen har den högsta organisationsgraden men den lägsta kollektivavtalstäckningen i privat sektor. (sid. 18, 291-295)- Minskande andel förtroendevalda medlemmar – kan trenden vändas? (sid. 303-313)- I Finland och Norge är kollektivavtalen allmängiltigförklarade på delar av arbetsmarknaden. Är allmängiltigförklaring något även för Sverige? (sid. 63-64, 209-216)- Trepartsöverenskommelser är vanliga i andra nordiska länder. I Sverige finns en trend i denna riktning. (s. 202-209)- Lönebildningen under Industriavtalet. (sid. 64-108)- Varför är det så få strejker i Sverige? Sverige har det i särklass lägsta antalet förlorade arbetsdagar även ur ett nordiskt perspektiv. (s. 78-79, 81-91)- Ett brett spektrum av faktorer påverkar styrkeförhållandena mellan parterna. (s. 94-96)- A-kassornas organisationsgrad 2006-2023 (sid. 261)- Andelen direktanslutna till fackliga a-kassor 1990-2023 (sid. 258-260, 319-324)

This open-access book provides fresh and much-needed insights into the interconnections between law, society and governance in Central Asia. By taking the interdisciplinary perspective of law and society, the book explores the social life of law and legal institutions in Central Asia in broader terms, encompassing not only the state legal system and institutions but also various informal (non-legal) forms of normative ordering. The topics covered within this book will be of interest to many scholars considering various theoretical and methodological challenges in studying law, governance, and informality in authoritarian regime contexts such as Central Asia. Considering interdisciplinary approaches taken within the volume, we aim to reach out to the students and scholars within the following disciplines and fields of study.• Central Asian Studies• Communist and post-communist studies• Anthropology: Economic Anthropology, Legal Anthropology, Anthropology of Law• Business sciences• Socio-legal studies• Transnational Politics and Governance• Law and economics

During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Swedish government did not implement the hard lockdowns and coercive measures found in many countries and instead relied on voluntary social distancing measures and work-from-home initiatives. Unlike its international counterparts in most countries, the rightwing populist party in Sweden early on took a critical approach toward the government's handling of the Covid-19 pandemic, calling for stricter government measures to curb virus transmission. Based on theories about strategic party positioning, and theories about political elite cues and framing effects, we use Swedish survey data from the early stages of the pandemic to show that the views of rightwing populist party supporters aligned with the rhetoric of the Swedish rightwing populist party in demanding more (rather than less) government intervention to curb the spread of SARS-COV-2. Our results suggest that they did so by drawing on core rightwing populist themes of anti-elitism and nationalism. Hence, our results speak to the role of elite cues and framing in public opinion formation during times of crisis, particularly among rightwing populists, who generally opposed stricter government measures to fight the Covid-19 pandemic.

This article explores the rapidly developing field of Critical AI Studies and its relation to issues of class and capitalism through a hybrid approach based on distant reading of a newly collected corpus of 300 full-text scientific articles, the creation of which is itself a first attempt at properly delineating the field. We find that words related to issues of class are predominantly but not exclusively confined to a set of studies that make up their own distinct subfield of Critical AI Studies, in contrast to, e.g., issues of race and gender, which are more broadly present in the corpus.

Varför fortsätter frågan om vad personalvetare gör och vilka intressen de representerar att besvaras på motstridiga sätt? I den här texten ska jag formulera en kritik mot två vanliga sätt att besvara denna fråga som behandlar problemet som abstrakt teoretiskt eller ideologiskt och mot dem ställa ett perspektiv där personalarbetets paradox förstås som resultatet av en motsättning mellan personalvetares beroendeställning gentemot sina arbetsköpare och yrkesgruppens behov av att formera sig som en relativt självständig profession.

Denna studie av genomströmning, avhopp och studieprestationer på Uppsala universitets förskollärarprogram har genomförts av André Bryntesson och Laura Giorio vid Centrum för högre utbildning och forskning som studieobjekt (HERO) på uppdrag av Utbildningsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Uppsala universitet. Rapporten är en del av ett utredningsuppdrag som bestått av två delstudier, där den ena grundas på intervjuer med nuvarande och tidigare studenter samt personer som ansvarar för programmet (Laurin & Bengtsson, 2024). Den andra delstudien, som rapporterats här, har baserats på registerdata och syftat till att ge en övergripande bild av genomströmning, avhopp och studieprestationer på programmet i sin helhet över en längre tidsperiod. Förskollärarprogrammet gavs under perioden HT2011–VT2023 med start på höst- och vårterminen i Uppsala och de flesta höstterminer på Campus Gotland. Med en examensfrekvens på 64 procent i kullarna HT2011–VT2019 hade programmet högst kvarvaro av samtliga lärarprogram vid Uppsala universitet, och variationen mellan kullar var liten. I Sverige är förskollärarprogrammet kraftigt kvinnodominerat, och Uppsala universitet är inget undantag. I Uppsala var 90 procent av nybörjarstudenterna kvinnor, och på Campus Gotland utgjorde de hela 97 procent. De få män som började på programmet hoppade dessutom oftare av. Examensfrekvensen var 20 procentenheter lägre för män än för kvinnor, och allra högst examensfrekvens hade gruppen kvinnor på Campus Gotland, med 75 procent. Jämfört med de andra lärarprogrammen rekryterade förskollärarprogrammet äldre studenter, med en medelålder på mellan 26 och 28 år beroende på termin och studieort. Ett intressant fynd är den effekt som omstruktureringen av programmet höstterminen 2018 ser ut att ha haft på avhoppsmönstren. Från att tidigare, i linje med de nationella mönstren, ha haft ett gradvis avhopp av studenter under programmets inledande 3–4 terminer, har avhoppen efter omstruktureringen i princip helt koncentr

Arbetet med denna studie av genomströmning, avhopp och studieprestationer på Uppsala universitets grundlärarprogram har skett på uppdrag av Utbildningsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Uppsala universitet och genomförts av André Bryntesson och Laura Giorio vid Centrum för högre utbildning och forskning som studieobjekt (HERO). Rapporten är en del av ett utredningsuppdrag som bestått av två delstudier, där den ena grundas på intervjuer med nuvarande och tidigare studenter samt personer som ansvarar för programmet (Laurin & Bengtsson, 2024). Den andra delstudien, som rapporterats här, har baserats på registerdata och syftat till att ge en övergripande bild av genomströmning, avhopp och studieprestationer på programmet i sin helhet över en längre tidsperiod. Grundlärarprogrammet gavs under perioden HT2011–VT2023 med start på höst- och vårterminen i Uppsala och sedan 2015 med start på höstterminen på Campus Gotland (sedan 2017 för inriktning 4–6). Med en examensfrekvens på 54 procent kan vi konstatera att avhoppen från programmet varit relativt höga, även om siffrorna inte nått samma låga nivå som för ämneslärarprogrammet (Bertilsson m. fl., 2022). För kvinnor låg examensfrekvensen på 57 procent jämfört med männens 43 procent. Programmet uppvisade ett klassiskt avhoppsmönster, med flest avhopp under programmets första termin och fortsatta men gradvis mindre avhopp därefter. Vid en jämförelse mellan de två studieorterna såg vi en sämre kvarvaro på inriktningen F–3 på Campus Gotland jämfört med i Uppsala, särskilt bland män. Männens examensfrekvens på Campus Gotland var endast 17 procent, jämfört med 52 procent för kvinnorna. Generellt hade unga män, särskilt de under 20 år, mycket låg kvarvaro på programmet. Hälften hoppade av redan under första terminen och avhoppen fortsatte fram till den fjärde terminen. När vi granskade kursprestationer såg vi att det främst var kurserna under första terminen som studenterna på inriktningen F–3 hade svårigheter med. Andelen godkända b

In many societal contexts, the importance of listening to children is underscored, not seldom with reference to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and especially Article 12 on the right to be heard. But what does it mean to listen to children? A plethora of books on listening to children aimed at professionals and others who meet children in their daily lives are published on a regular basis. However, we miss a critical discussion of listening as such, and more specifically about (good) listening to children, framed within a larger theoretical context. The aim of this article is to discuss listening in relation to monological and dialogical perspectives on communication, as well as in relation to different notions of children as similar to or different from adults. Also discussed is how different theoretical perspectives on listening and listening to children tends to lead to different ethical conclusions regarded what constitutes good listening and listening to children., This is an English translation of an article that was originally published in Swedish in 2022 as “Att lyssna på barn. Om lyssnandets teori och etik” in the Nordic journal Barn (volume 40, issue 3). The translation is published here with permission from the publisher. The original article in Swedish can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.23865/barn.v40.5075

I likhet med andra lärarutbildningar i Sverige och internationellt tampas förskollärar- och grundlärarutbildningarna vid Uppsala universitet med bristfällig genomströmning av studenter. Det vill säga att en relativt hög andel av de studenter som börjar på utbildningarna tar aldrig ut någon examen. För att få bättre kunskap om genomströmningen på förskollärar- och grundlärarutbildningarna vid Uppsala universitet gav fakultetsnämnden för utbildningsvetenskaper vid Uppsala universitet Centrum för högre utbildning och forskning som studieobjekt (HERO) i uppdrag att genomföra en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ studie. I denna rapport redogörs för den kvalitativa studien.

The overall aim of this literature review is to summarise and synthesiseresearch on the return and (re)integration of children in migrant families,focusing on their education, integration and health, as well as the opportunitiesand obstacles for a successful return and (re)integration process. The ultimategoal of the review is to contribute with knowledge to the creation of moretools for public officials involved in this process, thereby providing children inmigrant families with better opportunities to prepare and mobilise resourcesprior to return. This could also facilitate their long-term adjustment in thecountry of return. Maintaining regular migration and increasing the return of migrants who aredenied residence in the host country is a high priority for many Europeancountries, including Sweden. However, it is also crucial that the asylum andreturn process is permeated by a child rights approach, which manyauthorities in Sweden have recognised and worked towards. In this respect,children in migrant families are considered to be a particularly vulnerablegroup. Research shows that they often feel uninformed and their level ofparticipation in the return process is described as low. This can lead tofeelings of shock and uprootedness upon return, which can affect children'spsychosocial health. Research also highlights the challenges of integrating children from migrantfamilies into new education systems upon return. Difficulties in speaking andwriting their mother tongue, a new and unfamiliar educational context, lack ofcompetence of school staff, as well as administrative and economic barrierscan all contribute to limiting children's educational opportunities. In addition,children in families returning to their country of origin are often subject tobullying and social exclusion due to their status as returnees, lack of socio-cultural knowledge or language difficulties. In this context, social networkscan be important resources and peer relatives can act as guides a, Det övergripande syftet med denna kunskapsöversikt har varit att sammanställa forskning om återvändande och (åter)integration för barn i familj, med fokus på utbildning, sociokulturell (åter)integration och hälsa, samt möjligheter och hinder för en framgångsrik återvändande- och (åter)integrationsprocess. Målet med kunskapsöversikten är att bidra till ökad beredskap för samhällsaktörer i Sverige som är involverade i återvändandeprocessen för barn i familj. En sådan beredskap kan öka barn och familjers möjligheter att förbereda sig och mobilisera sina resurser inför ett återvändande, och ge barnen bättre förutsättningar till anpassning efter återvändandet. Att upprätthålla en ordnad och säker migration samt förmå individer som har ett av- eller utvisningsbeslut att återvända är en viktig fråga för många europeiska länder idag, inklusive Sverige. Men asyl- och återvändandeprocessen behöver också genomsyras av ett barnrättsperspektiv, vilket svenska myndigheter som är involverade i denna process har uppmärksammat och arbetat med under en längre tid. I detta avseende har barn i familj, det vill säga barn som ansökt om uppehållstillstånd tillsammans med sina vårdnadshavare, identifierats som en särskilt sårbar grupp. Forskning visar att barn i familj ofta känner sig oinformerade, och de beskriver sin egen delaktighet i asyl- och återvändandeprocessen som låg. Det kan leda till känslor av chock och uppryckthet i samband med återvändandet, vilket kan påverka barnens psykosociala hälsa på både kort och på lång sikt. Forskning inom området visar även på stora utmaningar för barn att integreras i skolan efter ett återvändande. Översikten visar att språksvårigheter, en ny utbildningskontext, bristen på kompetens hos skolpersonal samt administrativa och ekonomiska hinder kan hämma barnens möjligheter att tillgodogöra sig utbildning i återvändarlandet. Barn i familj kan även utsättas för mobbing och utanförskap av både jämnåriga och vuxna på grund av sin status som återvändare

This article investigates 20 years of discursive struggles in Nordic medical journals around the process of legitimating and routinising gestational surrogacy and uterus transplantation in Finland and Sweden. The comparative analysis through critical discourse analysis suggests that influential health care professionals have contributed to different levels of legal and cultural adaptation of the methods, prioritising non-commercial gestational surrogacy in Finland and uterus transplantation in Sweden. The article identifies central discursive turning points in the medical journal discussions by interpreting them against the background of medical and policy developments in Finland and Sweden during the analysed twenty-year period. Legitimation and routinisation of surrogacy and uterus transplantation were developed through biomedicalisation by representing them as infertility treatments and emphasising the relational dynamics between donors and recipients—a connection that in the Nordic context is often based on kinship or close relationships. The diagnosis of absolute uterine factor infertility was central to representing women as on the boundary between fertile and infertile, as they may have functioning ovaries. Through the biomedicalised rhetoric of equal opportunities for biogenetic motherhood, the diagnosed women’s ambiguous reproductive status was used to legitimise the two methods as cures for absolute infertility, thereby reinforcing hegemonic family and kinship norms.

The emerging shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy engages a broad spectrum of society. Through protests, social media campaigns and civil unrest, different groups seek to impact the speed, direction and distributional effects of this transformation. In this paper, we develop a conceptualisation of how such resistance is socially mobilised. We ask how people come to resort to open resistance in the context of energy regime dynamics. The growing literature on the topic highlights that declining material and social capital are not enough to understand resistance in times of fossil fuels. We suggest in this study that attention to a wider spectrum of emotions is crucial for understanding the political and ethical contestations through which changes in energy provision materialize. We draw upon sociological theory, in particular the notion of interaction rituals, to understand the social and affective process of resistance. The concept of interaction rituals captures the movement from feeling aggrieved to mobilisation of resistance through attention to the sharing and transformation of emotions. We apply our theorisation in two Swedish examples of contemporary resistance - the Forest Rebellion and the Petrol Protest - to illustrate the grievances that underpin these movements, and how interaction rituals mobilise and justify resistance. We end the paper with a discussion and comparison of the two examples, and the implications of our findings for (academic) knowledge about the role of resistance in relation to energy regimes.

In the Law and Emotion field, the integration of reason and emotion finds support in empirical research. Legal practice, however, still maintains that ‘rational, objective’ law is devoid of emotion. This raises the question of how to incorporate the divide itself in a theoretical understanding of the role of emotions in legal practice. The legal system is congenial with other modern bureaucratic institutions, so this question is relevant for understanding state institutions generally. We thus 1. review the field of Law and Emotion, and 2. propose some general theoretical approaches for the study of emotions and institutions. Among these: a) the concept of emotive-cognitive primary frame; b) narrative theory; c) social interactionism. In conclusion, we suggest some pathways for future research on emotions and rationality in bureaucratic institutions.

This paper provides further understanding of how social sustainability functions as a discursive boundary object, by exploring how it is artefactually anchored during the planning process, and how this anchoring affects the discourse of social sustainability. This is explored in a Swedish strategic planning project – the RiverCity in Gothenburg – where social sustainability is the desired policy objective. This paper traces how the discourse of social sustainability shifted during the planning process (2012–2019) and shows how social sustainability contains two levels of meaning, substantives aspects of what a socially sustainable city is and procedural of how to achieve it. The substantive level functions as a boundary object between policy areas, however, the procedural level leads to goal conflicts when it is translated and artefactually anchored by different municipal departments. The findings show how the conflicts between different translations of social sustainability change the discourse over time without changing the phrasing of the first level of meaning. This finding shows that 1) while the core idea persists different translations lead to different artefactual anchoring, 2) which shows a mismatch between long-term socioeconomic goals and short-term financial goals for social sustainability, and 3) risks the concept being hijacked., CC BY 4.0

Studiehandledning på modersmål ska ges till elever i den svenska grund- och gymnasieskolan om de behöver det. Studiehandledningen är tänkt att ge stöd och anpassning till nyanlända elever som ännu inte behärskar det svenska språket tillräckligt för att kunna tillgodogöra sig undervisningen. Utifrån studiehandledares berättelser om förutsättningar för att bedriva studiehandledning på modersmål för nyanlända analyseras i föreliggande kapitel vilka hinder och möjligheter som finns med studiehandledning på modersmål i grund- och gymnasieskola. Analysen visar att studiehandledarnas kompetens sällan tas till vara i arbetslagen och att de kan beskrivas som en lärargrupp i en utsatt yrkesposition. Studiehandledare betraktas inte som jämlika arbetskamrater av lärare, vilket försvårar det praktiska arbetet med att stödja nyanlända elevers lärande., Students in Swedish primary and secondary school must be given study guidance in their mother tongue if they need it. The study guidance is intended to provide support and adjustments to newly arrived students who do not yet have sufficient command of the Swedish language to be able to benefit from the teaching. The present chapter analyzes the obstacles and opportunities of mother-tongue study guidance in primary and secondary schools, based on study supervisors' accounts of the conditions for conducting study guidance for new arrivals in their mother tongue. The analysis shows that study supervisors' competence is rarely utilized in the teams and that they can be described as a group of teachers in a vulnerable professional position. Study supervisors are not seen as equal peers by the teachers, which makes the practical work of supporting newly arrived students' learning difficult., School success for newly arrived students: possibilities, obstacles, identities and collaboration

Background: Access to higher education in rural areas has been a recurring theme of debates and government inquiries in many countries in recent decades. Previous research is relatively unequivocal regarding the importance of higher education for regional or national development, identifying the local presence of highly educated individuals in a municipality as crucial for its prosperity and development. Purpose: This study aims to contribute to the development of scientific knowledge regarding linguistic discursive representations by rurally located prospective university students in Sweden, of the conditions for further study at university level. Method: A total of 23 qualitative interviews and/or discussion groups were held with 34 prospective university students in three rural municipalities in Sweden. Data were collected and analysed to answer the research question: How do prospective university students in rural areas describe the conditions for further study at the university level Findings: Prospective university students created and reproduced a series of linguistic representations in two discursive categories: (1) proximity/distance to study; and (2) education offerings. In the first category, narratives related to the physical distance to study; commuting by public transport or private car; and moving to the home city of a higher education institution. In the second category, narratives focused around the importance of location; remote learning; and doubts about pursuing higher education and/or making the right choice. Conclusion: Linguistic representations in both categories were tense, balancing depictions of conflict and consensus. This balancing act represents a linguistic means of creating and re-creating cohesion, involvement, integration, participation, unity, and normality in the discourse and can be interpreted as a form of social pedagogical recognition that is important for the individual’s success in the context that the narratives reflect., Future students’ perspectives on higher education

The aim is to contribute to the development of scientific knowledge regarding discursive representations by future university students of conditions for further study at the university level. Qualitative interviews were collected and analysed to answer the research question, How do future university students in rural areas describe the conditions for further studies at the university level? Their descriptions create and reproduce a series of significant representations in two discursive categories: proximity/distance to studies and education offerings. Proximity and distance involved analysed narratives regarding physical distance to studies, commuting by public transport or private car, and moving to the home city of a higher education institution. The category of education offerings involved narratives around the importance of location in education, remote learning, and doubts about pursuing higher education/higher education choices. Representations in both categories were performed as tense and balanced between depicted conflict and consensus. This balancing act represents a means of creating and re-creating cohesion, involvement, integration, participation, unity, and normality in the discourse and can be interpreted as a form of social pedagogical recognition that is important for the actor’s success in the context that the narratives reflect., Future students’ perspectives on higher education

This article explores the connections among the discursive nature of ideology, identity politics, forced displacement, and symbolic and actual war violence leading to genocide. The general framework of the article is the Bosnian War (1992–1995), waged against the country and its civilians. The analytical basis is a literature review of various studies from the domains of sociology of knowledge, war sociology, and social epistemology. It is based on the perspective of the genocide in Bosnia as a process that began in northwest and east Bosnia in 1992 and terminated in Srebrenica in 1995 (in the municipality Prijedor in northwest Bosnia in 1992, more than 3000 civilians were killed). Mass crimes and the policy of fear mongering were intended to create and recreate the collective belief that coexistence in Bosnia was impossible and that establishing “ethnically pure cultures” and “ethnically pure territories” should be accepted as a deterministic historical necessity. The results of our research indicate that crimes against civilians can be “normalized” only after a “new social order” has been established as a war order with the help of media propaganda. Genocide can be committed only if the perpetrators (and its advocates acting in the name of specific identity politics) believe that committing violence can be justified by a “higher cause.”, War anomie

Local Labour Market Programs (LLMPs) at the municipal level in Sweden is a part of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMP). The LLMPs are aimed at enhancing people considered to be distant from the labour market, with particular complex problematics, opportunities to be self-sufficient and assume a place in the labour market. People with functional variations, immigrants and young people have difficulty entering the labour market, a problem exacerbated by the pandemic crisis. In this article we explore how ableist discourses operates in institutional narratives about work, the worker and abilities in relation to participants in LLMPs. The article is based on interview with managers and local politicians in charge of the LLMP units in eight Swedish municipalities. In the interviews we explore the mechanisms of the LLMPs and analyses them in relation to ableist norms. The managers and politicians’ narratives conceptualize skills and measures of productivity intrinsically excluding people who are not seen as being able to undertake productive work in line with the imposed requirement. The study shows that the LLMPs reproduce disability inequality but at times also create spaces of inclusion by questioning the idea of a ‘real job’., Lokala arbetsmarknadsprogram – Utmaningar av och för en inkluderande arbetsmarknad

This paper explores the significant role of serious games in the realm of risk and crisis management education for building resilient societies. Games as educational tools in higher education can be used to facilitate active and interactive learning activities, which have particularly strong potential for development of collaborative and functional knowledge among students, such as communication skills, resourcefulness, adaptability, and other action competences. The presented serious game, Under Pressure, is a board game designed to facilitate discussion and transformative learning on resilience among students studying risk and crisis management. The players navigate diverse roles within the broader societal context of the game, gaining insights into negotiation strategies and decision-making processes. The game's overarching goal is to present players with various scenarios, prompting them to gather information, negotiate measures, and coordinate tasks to enhance societal resilience. Under Pressure employs realistic scenarios, offering players a high degree of decision-making freedom within the game environment. Throughout the game, hazardous events strike the society at random, promoting the students to collaboratively seek to advance resilience to a broad range of possible scenarios. The findings suggest that the game effectively stimulates discussion on diverse perspectives regarding societal resilience, emphasizing the collaborative investment and decision-making necessary for synergistic benefits across the entire society.

Deciding on grades holds significant authority in the Swedish teaching profession. Grading teachers must be certified and have decision-making power not possible to override by any authority or client. However, the professional autonomy is circumscribed by the obligation to ensure national consistency in grading by making decisions based on generally expressed grading criteria formulated by the Swedish National Agency for Education. Additionally, teachers are required to “specifically considering” national test results in several subjects in secondary school. In addition, comprehensible and formative expressed transparency in assessment and grading, communicated through digital portals that teachers often are obligated to use, is expected by employers and pupils/parents.This study, based on semi-structured interviews with secondary school teachers combined with analysis of informal and formal assessment documentation, explores how professional discretion takes shape in grading decisions given demands for national consistency in grading and external communication about the basis for assessment and decisions. More explicitly, the professional principles grading teachers adhere to in making their decisions, how they are communicated and how this generates decision-making processes, and final decisions is in the focus of this study.Preliminary results identify three levels of professional principles: firstly, formal principles closely aligned with national regulations; secondly, local principles shaped by school-specific approaches of how to organize the work at the school where the teacher is employed, and thirdly, individual principles unique to each teacher. Depending on these principles, diverse various approaches to assessment and communication emerge, governing the teacher’s professional space between discretion and automatization.

Denna studie undersöker förekomsten av ortorexi nervosa bland universitetsstudenter vid städer i Mellansverige och dess möjliga samband med socioekonomiska resurser, inklusive kapitalart, klassbakgrund, kön, ålder och föräldrarnas utbildningsnivå. Ortorexi definieras som en fixering vid hälsosam kost och livsstil, vilket kan leda till extremt restriktiva matvanor och känslomässiga påfrestningar. Genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning analyserades data från ett stickprov av 122 universitetsstudenter inom kultur-, respektive ekonomiutbildningar. Resultaten visade att förekomsten av ortorexi i stickprovet var 9,84%. Vidare visade analysen att kapitalart, särskilt kopplat till vissa utbildningsinriktningar, hade en statistiskt signifikant inverkan på graden av ortorektiska tendenser. Utifrån mätinstrumentet ORTO-11, som använder en skala från 5 till 60 där ett resultat på 25 eller lägre indikerar ortorektiska tendenser, hade studenter vid ekonomiutbildningar i genomsnitt ett resultat som var 2,5 enheter lägre än studenter vid kulturutbildningar. Således indikerar studiens resultat att studenter vid ekonomiskt präglade utbildningar kan ha en högre risk för utvecklandet av ortorektiska tendenser i jämförelse med studenter vid kulturellt präglade utbildningar. De övriga socioekonomiska variablerna, såsom yrkesbaserad klassbakgrund, föräldrarnas utbildningsnivå, kön och ålder, visade inga statistiskt signifikanta effekter på ortorexi-värdena. Även om dessa faktorer inte uppnådde signifikans, indikerar resultaten att det kan finnas potentiella samband som är värda att undersöka vidare i framtida studier. Slutsatserna från denna studie pekar på vikten av att beakta socioekonomiska faktorer vid bedömningen av ortorektiska beteenden bland universitetsstudenter. Trots att flertalet variabler inte visade statistiskt signifikanta effekter, samt begränsningar i studiens omfattning, bidrar studien till en ökad förståelse för komplexiteten kring, samt möjliga förklaringar för, hur o

This master’s thesis aims to explore the issues surrounding the identity and sense of belonging of high school students who participated in a long-term exchange. It further investigates their role in future student mobility trends. Drawing on concepts such as the transnational habitus, the culture shock, or the sense of belonging through the third culture, the thesis uses a qualitative methodology with four semi-structured interviews. It will discover the developments of identity and sense of belonging of high school exchange students in the aftermath of their long-term exchange. Following differentiated levels of identification and belonging, the thesis argues that participants are endowed with a global mindset, while at the same time being rooted in their home country. This leads to the development of an intercultural habitus – a concept suggested in this thesis. It will contribute to a deep understanding of their experience and how this specific type of mobility is valued within privileged societal spheres. Grasping this process of identity and sense of belonging shaping is an important foundation for international student mobility and its intercultural perspective. Keywords: interculturality, transnationalism, habitus, high school exchange, exchange student, belonging, identity, AFS

This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal aspects of safety and the work regarding safety issues from the perspective of older women (older than 65 years) in Hammarö municipality. As the title suggests, there was an interest in investigating the perceived safety of the statistically most insecure group in society. Hammarö municipality has won the award as "Sweden's Safest Municipality" for five years in a row. This award helped to ask questions regarding the concept of safety to understand how safety is perceived by the residents of Hammarö municipality. By asking these questions, a better understanding was gained about how immediate surroundings affect the experience of safety, as well as how the municipality works with safety issues related to age inclusion. Qualitative method was chosen, involving four semi-structured interviews where maps were used as an important tool to visualize the respondents' (women older than 65 years) experiences. The data collected from the interviews, combined with the markings on the maps, were then analyzed via thematic analysis.The key findings of the study show that the respondents generally feel safe within the entire municipality. The concept of safety is complex and its meaning varies from person to person. The analysis and discussion indicate that an integrated strategy that combines physical, social, and narrative planning is optimal for creating safe environments. This requires long-term and sustainable urban planning that considers all age groups and genders and their needs. By including more studies on the needs of the older population, urban planners can gain an understanding of the future we face with an aging population, and thereby creating safer and more inclusive communities for the future., Denna studie syftar till att undersöka rumsliga och tidsmässiga aspekter av trygghet och trygghetsarbete utifrån äldre kvinnors (över 65 år) perspektiv i Hammarö kommun. Som titeln antyder fanns ett intresse av att undersöka den upplevda tryggheten hos denstatistiskt sett mest otrygga gruppen i samhället. Utmärkelsen som Sveriges tryggaste kommun har Hammarö kommun vunnit fem år i rad. Denna utmärkelse hjälpte att ställa frågor till begreppet trygghet för att sedan ta reda på hur trygghet upplevs av den valda målgruppen i Hammarö kommun. Genom att ställa dessa frågor skapades en bättre förståelse kring hur närmiljön påverkar upplevelsen av trygghet, samt hur kommunen arbetar med trygghetsfrågor kopplade till åldersinkludering. Kvalitativ metod valdes genom fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer varav kartor användes som ett viktigt hjälpmedel för att visualisera respondenternas (kvinnor över 65 år) upplevelser. Insamlad data från intervjuerna kombinerat med markeringar på kartorna analyserades sedan via tematisk analys. De viktigaste resultaten från studien visar att respondenterna överlag upplever trygghet inom hela kommunen. Begreppet trygghet är ett komplext begrepp vars innebörd varierar från person till person. Analysen och diskussionen visar att en integrerad strategi som kombinerar fysisk, social och narrativ planering är optimal för att skapa trygga miljöer. Detta kräver långsiktig och hållbar samhällsplanering som tar hänsyn till alla åldersgrupper och kön. Genom att inkludera fler studier om den äldre befolkningens behov kan samhällsplanerare få förståelse för att vi står inför en utveckling med allt äldre befolkning, och därigenom skapa tryggare och mer inkluderande samhällen för framtiden.

The book's framework of promoting inclusive systems in and around schools is outlined as a synthesis of systems theory, critical education theory, critical space theory and superdiversity, while committing to a range of key principles to underpin inclusive systems building also on a human rights-based approach. These key principles include equality and non-discrimination children's rights to expression of voices and participation, active participation of parents in school and the broader community, including representation and participation of marginalised groups. Inclusive systems in and around schools particularly focus on the holistic and differentiated needs of migrants. In doing so, it challenges the ‘heroic’, individualistic discourse of resilience, of resilient individuals, and the problematising and homogenising of migrants. Critical Education Studies try to see the world through the eyes of the oppressed and dispossessed and act against the institutional processes that reproduce oppressive conditions. A critical theory of spatial systems of exclusion and inclusion highlights a spatial turn in education, the humanities and the social sciences and invites a questioning of the shift from diametric spatial system blockages of assumed separation, closure, mirror image othering and hierarchy. It recognises inclusion and exclusion are spatial concepts, while superdiversity highlights the need to address complexities and specificities at system levels for migrants.

This edited volume examines populist radical right parties in the Nordic region. Somewhat surprisingly given the image of a consensual, egalitarian, and progressive region of Europe, the Nordic countries have been fertile ground for the radical right. Not only have radical right parties persisted for many decades, but they are currently much stronger in this region than in most other European countries today. In this book, the contributors analyse the electoral, ideological, and organisational aspects of the radical right in the Nordic region: The Progress Party in Norway (Fremskrittspartiet, FrP), the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna, SD), Danish People’s Party (Dansk Folkeparti, DF), and the Finns party (Perussuomalaiset, PS). It also explores how mainstream parties and the media have reacted to the rise of the radical right, whether the radical right is integrated into mainstream politics, the extent to which they challenge the dominant ideological paradigm of Nordic politics and whether they mobilise and organise differently to other parties. Understanding the Nordic radical right is crucial to comprehending the transformation of Nordic politics but also changes in European politics more generally. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Scandinavian politics, populism, the radical right, and comparative party politics.

Multiple dimensions of migrants’ agency were revealed across the volume. This included loss of agency, where young migrants were funnelled into educational levels that were below their capabilities, through decisions made by others, being unfamiliar with the new education system's credentialing processes. Constructivist agency as an opportunity to choose between alternatives highlighted the active role of the migrant young person in choosing to speak with parents in different languages in the home and a recurrent pattern of serendipity in system practices emerges offering choices for migrants and teachers, where for example some migrants may choose courses by accident. A major limitation of constructivist agency is that the criteria upon which a choice is made in selecting between alternatives is itself culturally conditioned. This critique resonant with critical theory's concern with false consciousness, internalised by those in weaker positions, to adopt the system-dominant logic, thereby raising concerns with forces of assimilation. Building on a cross-cultural, critical spatial theory framework, a range of examples emerged across the volume of the need for concentric relational spaces of assumed connection to challenge diametric oppositional spaces of exclusion and closure. Different relational spaces are embedded in material, symbolic and social systems. Concentric spaces of assumed connection offer a wider circle of identification between self and others, for a global identity to underpin active citizenship in education. This contrasts with the diametric oppositional us/them spatial identity underpinning the violence of dehumanisation experienced by migrant children and their families in some country contexts. A diametric spatial splitting systemic focus on the difficulties many migrants experience in ‘navigating the system’ scrutinises how the system itself is fragmented.

Given the increased segregation of students (based on their class and migration backgrounds) in the Swedish educational system during recent decades, this chapter tells two different school stories. More than 98% of pupils in both schools are descendants of lower-class immigrant families. The first school (South school) is among those Swedish schools identified as ‘failing’, a typical school in a socioeconomically marginalised and segregated immigrant neighborhood with poor educational results. The second school (East school) is also located in a high-poverty district with the same school composition, which has succeeded in improving pupils’ educational achievements. It has been done through the ‘empowerment’ of pupils – that is creating an inclusive and supportive pedagogical school environment for students with working-class and immigrant backgrounds. This chapter aims to explore how different types of ‘school culture’ may affect initial inequalities, academic achievement and well-being of students with migrant background in marginalized communities. The case of East school indicates that even schools in such areas are able to equalise educational opportunities through building an alliance between students, parents and community activists on the one hand and bi-class and bi-cultural brokers like teachers and social workers on the other. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Paul Downes, Jim Anderson, Alireza Behtoui and Lore Van Praag; individual chapters, the contributors.

While research on intoxication and violence has been prolific, including research on sexual violence, little of the existing work has examined sexual victimization among sexual and gender minorities (SGM), especially in drinking settings where violence and aggression may be commonplace. Using data from interviews with 200 SGM young adults in the San Francisco Bay Area, we examine SGM young adults' narratives of sexual victimization within drinking settings, exploring their discussions of objectifying gendered and sexual(ized) encounters and focusing specifically on the respondents' experiences of cisgender men's stranger intrusions, and the strategies they adopt in managing and coping with such intrusions., Studien har gjorts inom projektet "Berusning, sexuella trakasserier och sexuellt våld i nattlivet", finansierat av Brottsofferfonden (dnr 03321/2021)Funding for this paper was made possible by a grant from the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) (AA022656)

Crises often reveal a mismatch between organizational and problem structures, demanding interorganizational coordination or new organizational solutions. Much is known about functions and roles of such organizational solutions, but less about the processes underlying them. This study investigates the processes behind the emergence and institutionalization of organizational solutions to meet new coordina-tion needs in crises, using the Swedish County Administrative Boards' coordinationoffices for Covid‐19 and Ukraine as a case. Based on 94 interviews across political‐administrative levels, this study reveals that the coordination office emerged as an interorganizational coordination structure during Covid‐19 but is now institutionalizedand central to the crisis management system. The institutionalization began during the 2018 wildfires, demonstrating the importance of a decisive event in initiating and shaping organizational adaptation to crises. Thereafter, practices were institutionalized through increasing returns connected to incentives, commitments to norms and identities and objectification of shared ideas and routines. The findings motivate consideration of criteria for evaluating new coordination structures that may become permanent. Contingently evolving practices, often taken for granted and embedded in professional norms and identities, calls for explicit consideration of alternative practices. Last, this study illustrates the importance of appreciating the past when understanding present and future coordination structures.

A policy entrepreneur is a distinct political actor aiming to affect change. The theoretical narrative regarding policy entrepreneurs is underpinned by their commitment to a policy solution, the multi-dimensional strategies they use to promote that solution, and a suite of attributes and skills facilitating their actions. Policy entrepreneurs reveal themselves through their attempts to transform policy ideas into policy innovations and, hence, disrupt status quo policy arrangements. Indeed, policy entrepreneurs share sensibilities with entrepreneurs in the market, whose conceptualisation serves as a heuristic for their counterparts in policy and politics. The emphasis on change borne out of innovative solutions distinguishes policy entrepreneurs from many other actors who aim to maintain current institutional settings and power relations. The growing scholarship on policy entrepreneurship assumes intentionality as inherent to the policy entrepreneur and their actions, foregrounding the image of the tenacious political actor set on steering their a priori pet policy to a suitable problem. This article draws from the market theory on entrepreneurship, contrasting proactive policy entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship by opportunity) and reactive policy entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship by necessity). We conduct a comparative social network analysis of three municipalities in southern Sweden focused on flood risk mitigation. We demonstrate two different logics of policy entrepreneurship (as a result of seizing opportunities versus as a reaction to vertical pressure), and we explore the consequences for enhancing our understanding of policy entrepreneurship.

There is a vast literature evaluating the empirical association between stay-at-home policies and crime during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these academic efforts have primarily focused on the effects within specific cities or regions rather than adopting a cross-national comparative approach. Moreover, this body of literature not only generally lacks causal estimates but also has overlooked possible heterogeneities across different levels of stringency in mobility restrictions. This paper exploits the spatial and temporal variation of government responses to the pandemic in 45 cities across five continents to identify the causal impact of strict lockdown policies on the number of offenses reported to local police. We find that cities that implemented strict lockdowns experienced larger declines in some crime types (robbery, burglary, vehicle theft) but not others (assault, theft, homicide). This decline in crime rates attributed to more stringent policy responses represents only a small proportion of the effects documented in the literature.

Social scientists have long recognized field of study as an important mechanism of gender differentiation and stratification in U.S. higher education, but they have rarely attended to how elective curriculums mediate gender differentiation in major selection. Under elective curriculums, major selection is an iterative process, in which students select courses in stepwise fashion at the beginning of each academic term, and are able to change majors early in their undergraduate careers. We observe how an elective curriculum mediates gendered patterns of major selection, using a novel data set describing 11,730 students at a large public research university. We find (a) gender and intended major are strongly correlated upon college entry; (b) large proportions of students change majors between entry and declaration; (c) because most changes are to academically adjacent fields, gendered patterns in field of study persist through the undergraduate career. Findings suggest the value of an iterative conception of major selection and offer tractable means for intervening in the process through which students select majors.

Previous research has established correlations between anti-LGBTQ hate crime, fear of crime, perceived victimization risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation. Aside from correlations, the relationships between these variables remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between anti-LGBTQ hate crime, perceived risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation in relation to fear of crime. Based on previous research and theory, the authors hypothesize (1) that experiences of hate crime victimization increase fear of crime, perceived victimization risk, and the concealment of sexual orientation; (2) that high levels of perceived risk result in high fear of crime and a more prevalent concealment of orientation; and (3) that the concealment of sexual orientation results in lower fear of crime. The sample consists of LGBTQ students enrolled at a Swedish university. The study uses a mixed method approach, combining survey data (N = 353) and interview data (N = 10). The data are assessed using path analysis and thematic analysis. The path analysis supported the authors’ hypothesis regarding experiences of anti-LGBT hate crime, perceived risk, and fear of crime. The qualitative analysis showed that victims of hate crimes had a reduced ability to process negative emotions because they experienced other traumatic life events parallel to the victimization. Similarly, feelings of being reduced to a negative stereotype resulted in higher levels of both fear of crime and perceived risk. Finally, the path analysis rejected the hypothesis that the concealment of sexual orientation results in lower fear of crime. Rather than being an agency-driven and functional fear response, the interview data showed that while these practices reduced victimization risk, they negatively impacted the overall health of the participants through feelings of lack of authenticity and self-censorship.

Economic growth is commonly seen as the main driver of poverty reduction in a global perspective, but its impact varies substantially across cases. Meanwhile, the literature has been relatively silent regarding the role of social policy in explaining this variation. In light of an emerging attention to redistribution and social protection in promoting inclusive growth, this article analyses how government cash transfer systems moderate the effect of economic growth on both relative and absolute child poverty across low- and middle-income countries. The empirical analyses compare trends within 16 countries, using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), by means of descriptive analyses and multivariate regression techniques. Findings show that both economic growth and the expansion of government transfer schemes were associated with falling absolute child poverty rates. While the association between growth and relative child poverty was on average more muted, the analyses found growth to be related to reductions in relative child poverty when combined with sufficiently extensive government transfers, while the opposite effect was found in the face of inadequate levels of transfers. The study provides a framework for studying interrelated effects of national institutions and economic processes, with the findings highlighting the fruitfulness of including indicators on social protection policies when inquiring about enabling conditions for inclusive growth in a development context.

Sweden has the reputation of being one of the most progressive countries in the world concerning work-life development and industrial democracy. In this article, an analytical overview of the development in these areas is provided, which includes the antecedents, major events, actor positioning and also the broad-term outcomes. Two major reform movements are described: one aiming to create a radically different work-life where workers control their own work with a power balance between labour and capital, and one a reformist movement aiming to create a degree of co-determination and a more engaging work-life without any major changes in power relations. The case shows that the radical movement was not able to generate radical change and that the reformistic movement achieved only partial success. The outcome over time has been a decreased interest in work-life development where co-determination practices are heavily institutionalized but perhaps do not provide better conditions for workers than in many other advanced industrial countries with a lesser degree of formal co-determination., CC BY 4.0 DEED© The Author(s) 2024Correspondence Address: S. Tengblad; Centre for Global Human Resource Management, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; email: stefan.tengblad@gu.seThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

We analyse how the whiteness of science and technology in Swedish universities is reproduced using four interviews with undergraduates involved in groups that work on making their courses more inclusive. Combining discourse analysis with a phenomenological focus on bodies, we begin with their nuanced understandings of gender inequality. We contrast these with their professions of ignorance about ‘race’ and racism and how they naturalise their ignorance. We explore how they create relations of proximity that ‘other’ students of colour and embed racialised distinctions within equalities work. We understand this within a broader colour evasiveness (an extension of colour blindness) in which whiteness is conflated with Swedishness.

Swedish police are implementing a new model for investigative interviewing. Previous research has highlighted that investigative interviewing is difficult to operationalize and teach to recruits. This study aimed to understand what Swedish police teachers value as important interpersonal skills for investigative interviewing as well as what strategies and struggles these teachers face when teaching recruits. Interviews were conducted with six experienced interviewing teachers at Swedish police training programs. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The teachers described that taking the interviewee’s perspective and accepting responsibility to build rapport, as well as social and situational flexibility were important skills for interviewers to process. When describing their strategies and struggles in teaching, the teachers described the need to bridge theory and practice, train flexibility through diverse scenarios, adjust to students’ social maturity and ability to self-reflect, and work with limited resources. This study also highlights how interviewing teachers express a need for adequate time and resources to be able to help recruits develop the necessary skills for interviewing., Fulltext license: CC BY

Conflicts over the management and governance of forests seem to be increasing. Previous media studies in this area have largely focused on analysing the portrayal of specific conflicts. This study aims to review how a broad range of forest conflicts are portrayed in the Swedish media, analysing their temporal, spatial, and relational dimensions. We applied topic modelling, a machine learning approach, to analyse 53,600 articles published in the Swedish daily press between 2012 and 2022. We identified 916 topics, of which 94 were of interest for this study. Our results showed ten areas of forest conflicts: hunting and fishing (35 % of total coverage), energy (24 %), recreation and tourism (11 %), nature conservation (8 %), forest damages (6 %), international issues (5 %), forestry (5 %), reindeer husbandry (4 %), media and politics (2 %), and mining (1 %). The overall coverage of forest conflicts increased significantly over the study period, potentially reflecting an actual increase in forest conflicts. Some of the conflicts were continuously reported upon over time, while the coverage of others exhibited seasonal or event-related patterns. Four conflicts received most of their coverage in specific regions, while others were covered across the whole of Sweden. A relational analysis of the conflicts revealed three clusters of forest conflicts focused respectively on industrial, cultural, and conservation conflicts. Our results emphasise the value of using topic modelling to understand the overall patterns and trends of the media coverage of current land use conflicts, while also highlighting potential areas of emerging conflicts that may be of special interest for planners and policy-makers to monitor and manage.