468 results on '"South American Indians"'
Search Results
152. Fecundidade das mulheres autodeclaradas indígenas residentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil: uma anàlise a partir do Censo Demogràfico 2000.
- Author
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Júnior, Cláudio Santiago Dias, de Andrade Verona, Ana Paula, Pena, João Luiz, and Machado-Coelho, George Luiz Lins
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
153. HUMTH01, HUMVWA31A, HUMCSF1PO and HUMTPOX polymorphisms in Amerindian populations living in the Beni Department of Bolivia.
- Author
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Corella, Alfons, Bert, Francesc, Pérez-Pérez, Alejandro, Gené, Manel, and Turbón, Daniel
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GENETIC polymorphisms , *DNA , *DEOXYRIBOSE , *GENES - Abstract
This report presents allele frequency and absolute genotype data of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci HUMTH01, HUMVWA31A, HUMCSF1PO and HUMTPOX for three autochthonous Amerindian populations living in the Beni Department of Bolivia. These related groups are the Quechua, Aymara and Beni populations all living in specific although sometimes overlapping areas that extend from the Andean habitat to the lowland Llanos de Moxos savannah passing through the Piedmont hills. The usefulness of these loci for paternity and identification testing was also examined. The present work completes previous genetic studies performed by the authors in these populations including mtDNA haplogroups (Bert et al., Hum Biol, 73:1-16, 2001) and HVRI data (Bert et al., Ann Hum Biol 31:9-28, 2004; Corella et al., Ann Hum Biol 34:34-35, 2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. CULTURA LÚDICA E UTILIZAÇÃO DE OBJETOS E MATERIAIS EM BRINCADEIRAS DE CRIANÇAS GUARANI DE UMA ALDEIA DE ARACRUZ -- ES.
- Author
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de Oliveira, Kleber and Meira Menandro, Paulo Rogério
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RECREATION , *CHILDREN , *SOCIAL participation , *ETHNIC groups - Abstract
The materials and objects used as a support to children's recreational activities are important references to understand the symbolic dialogue between children and their social group (thus, they are directly related to the socio-cultural reality around them), and to better understand children's play culture. This article aims at examining the play culture of a group of children of the Guarani ethnic group in a specific situation -- a village near urban nuclei that is undergoing a situation of territorial dispute -, based on the analysis of materials and objects used as a support to the play activity. In the study, 34 children from the same village were observed during 20 days. In this period, 100 sessions of systematic observation were carried out, and notes were registered in a field diary. The data were categorized by type of material / object used as a support to the play activity, and by toy groups regarding the gender of the participants: groups of boys, groups of girls, mixed groups. The results showed significant similarities and differences with respect to research conducted with other ethnic groups in other regions of Brazil, and confirm the importance of supporting objects in recreational activities. Contrary to what is exposed in classic ethnographic research, the group of surveyed children has a rich play culture, with the use of diverse objects and materials, including industrialized and handicraft toys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
155. Early Sexual Maturity Among Pumé Foragers of Venezuela: Fitness Implications of Teen Motherhood.
- Author
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Kramer, Karen L.
- Subjects
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MENARCHE , *YARURO (South American people) , *TEENAGE mothers , *MOTHERHOOD , *PHYSICAL anthropology - Abstract
The article examines the pattern of early menarche and first birth among the Pumé, a group of foragers from Venezuela, to determine the fitness implications of teen motherhood. The reproductive histories of the Pumé are studied and cross-sectional and retrospective data for females above the age of 10 years are used to construct age at menarche and first birth. Also cited are the issues' implications for physical anthropology.
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
156. Alta prevalencia de la infección por el virus de hepatitis B en la comunidad indígena Japreira, Estado Zulia, Venezuela.
- Author
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Monsalve-Castillo, Francisca, Echevarría, José Manuel, Atencio, Ricardo, Suárez, Anais, Estévez, Jesús, Costa-León, Luciana, Montiel, Pilar, Molero, Tania, and Zambrano, Mariana
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
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157. Changing Patterns of Infant Mortality and Maternal Fertility among Pumé Foragers and Horticulturalists.
- Author
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Kramer, Karen L. and Greaves, Russell D.
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INFANT mortality , *MATERNAL mortality , *ACCULTURATION , *HORTICULTURISTS , *LABOR market , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
National census data show that the modern demographic transition—the recent trend toward declining mortality and fertility—is well underway in most countries. A different picture emerges when data from small-scale societies in unindustrialized parts of the world are considered. Many of these small-scale societies are also adapting to rapid changes in their subsistence economies. In this article, we examine the relationship between the pace of acculturation, infant mortality, and fertility levels among Pumé foragers and horticulturalists, two related groups of native South Americans. During the earliest stages of acculturation, Pumé horticulturalists experience not only a rapid drop in infant mortality but also a rise in birth rates. An anthropological view of demographic transitions provides important insight into how small-scale societies are affected by exposure to the labor market economy and has practical applications to effective development initiatives and public health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
158. Sazonalidade e estado nutricional de populações indígenas: o caso Wari', Rondônia, Brasil.
- Author
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Leite, Maurício Soares, Santos, Ricardo Ventura, and Coimbra Jr., Carlos E. A.
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2007
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159. Perfil metabólico e antropométrico de índios Aruák: Mehináku, Waurá e Yawalapití, Alto Xingu, Brasil Central, 2000/2002.
- Author
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Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho, Rodrigues, Douglas, Pagliaro, Heloisa, Cano, Eduardo Nozaki, de Souza Lima, Evandro Emilio, and Baruzzi, Roberto Geraldo
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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160. Avaliação antropométrica de adolescentes Kamayurá, povo indígena do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central (2000-2001).
- Author
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Sampei, Miriam A., Canó, Eduardo Nozaki, Fagundes, Ulysses, Lima, Evandro E. de Souza, Rodrigues, Douglas, Sigulem, Dirce Maria, and Baruzzi, Roberto G.
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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161. Demographic dynamics of the Suyá, a Jê people of the Xingu Indigenous Park, Central Brazil, 1970-2004.
- Author
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Pagliaro, Heloisa, Carvalho, Natália da Silva, Rodrigues, Douglas, and Baruzzi, Roberto G.
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
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162. O Sistema de Informação da Atenção à Saúde Indígena (SIASI): criação, estrutura e funcionamento.
- Author
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de Sousa, Maria da Conceição, Scatena, João Henrique G., and Santos, Ricardo Ventura
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
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163. Segurança alimentar em famílias indígenas Teréna, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.
- Author
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Fávaro, Thatiana, Ribas, Dulce Lopes Barboza, Zorzatto, José Roberto, Segall-Corrêa, Ana Maria, and Panigassi, Giseli
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
164. Cystic Fibrosis Gene Variability in Two Southern Brazilian Amerindian Populations: Analysis of the ΔF508 Mutation and the KM19 and XV2C Haplotypes.
- Author
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Raskin, S., Petzl-Erler, M. L., Phillips III, J. A., Pereira-Ferrari, L., Probst, C. M., Faucz, F. R., Sotomaior, V., Salzano, F. M., and Culpi, L.
- Subjects
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CYSTIC fibrosis , *GENETIC mutation , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *GENETIC disorders , *KAINGANG (South American people) , *GUARANI (South American people) , *CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
The frequencies of the ΔF508 deletion, the most common cystic fibrosis mutation in Europeans and European-derived populations, and the XV2C and KM19 restriction fragment length polymorphisms that are tightly linked to the CFTR locus vary among populations. To determine the distribution of these extragenic markers and of the ΔF508 mutation, we analyzed 326 chromosomes of individuals from two South American Indian populations, the Guarani and the Kaingang. The allele and haplotype frequencies differed greatly between the two populations as well as among Amerindians and normal European Brazilians and European Brazilian cystic fibrosis patients. The absence of the ΔF508 mutation and the B haplotype are in agreement with the hypothesis that the ΔF508 mutation occurred after the divergence of these two populations. This finding is useful for populations containing a large Amerindian component and helps us to understand the origins of the Δmutation in Europeans and European-derived populations, as well as the different incidences of cystic fibrosis in continental groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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165. A participação dos agentes indígenas de saúde nos serviços de atenção à saúde: a experiência em Santa Catarina, Brasil.
- Author
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Langdon, Esther Jean, Diehl, Eliana Elisabeth, Wiik, Flávio Braune, and Dias-Scopel, Raquel Paiva
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
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166. Uso do Índice de Massa Corporal na avaliação do estado nutricional de adultos indígenas Xavánte, Terra Indígena Sangradouro-Volta Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil.
- Author
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Gugelmin, Silvia Angela and Santos, Ricardo Ventura
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
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167. Parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones Mbyá-Guaraní de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina: aspectos epidemiológicos y nutricionales.
- Author
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Navone, Graciela Teresa, Gamboa, María Inés, Oyhenart, Evelia Edith, and Orden, Alicia Bibiana
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2006
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168. Estado nutricional e fatores associados à estatura de crianças da Terra Indígena Guarita, Sul do Brasil.
- Author
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Menegolla, Ivone Andreatta, de Lourdes Drachler, Maria, Rodrigues, Inajara Haubert, Schwingel, Lucio Roberto, Scapinello, Elaine, Pedroso, Maisa Beltrame, and de Carvalho Leite, José Carlos
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2006
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169. Implementação da política de saúde indígena no Pólo-base Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: entraves e perspectivas.
- Author
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de Betania Garcia Chaves, Maria, Cardoso, Andrey Moreira, and Almeida, Celia
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2006
170. Crescimento físico e perfil nutricional da população indígena Xavánte de Sangradouro-Volta Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil.
- Author
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Leite, Maurício Soares, Santos, Ricardo Ventura, Gugelmin, Silvia Angela, and Coimbra Jr., Carlos E. A.
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2006
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171. Teste tuberculínico na estimativa da prevalência de infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis em populações indígenas do continente americano: uma revisão da literatura.
- Author
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Basta, Paulo Cesar and Camacho, Luiz Antonio Bastos
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
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172. Saúde materno-infantil e nutrição de crianças Kaiowá e Guaraní, Área Indígena de Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.
- Author
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Pícoli, Renata Palópoli, Carandina, Luana, and Ribas, Dulce Lopes Barbosa
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
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173. Virus Iinfotrópico de células T-humanas do tipo II em Índios Guaraní, Sul do Brasil.
- Author
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Menna-Barreto, Marcio, Bender, Ana Ligia, Bonatto, Sandro L., Freitas, Loreta B., Saizano, Francisco M., Tsuneto, Luiza T., and Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
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174. Elevada prevalencia de Cyclospora cayetanensis en indígenas del estado Bolívar, Venezuela.
- Author
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Devera, Rodolfo, Blanco, Ytalia, and Cabello, Eva
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
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175. End-stage renal disease in Brazil: Epidemiology, prevention, and treatment.
- Author
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Oliveira, MariLia Bahiense, Romao, Joao Egidio, and Zatz, Roberto
- Subjects
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CHRONIC kidney failure , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *RENAL replacement therapy , *MEDICAL care costs - Abstract
End-stage renal disease in Brazil: Epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Brazil is one of the largest and most populous nations in the world, ranking among the 5 largest economies in the Americas and among the 15 largest economies in the world. However, Brazil is still plagued by social problems such as the persistence of poverty and immense deficiencies in its health system. Currently, there are approximately 390 patients on chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT) per million population, about one third the US prevalence, which suggests that end-stage renal disease is either underdiagnosed or undertreated. The epidemiology of renal disease in the small remaining native Brazilian population is largely unknown. However, it is likely that the prevalence of renal disease is low among at least 2 tribes: the Yanomamis in northern Brazil and the Xingu Indians in central Brazil. Sodium intake is very low, physical activity is intense, and the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease is negligible among these people, which stresses the potential pathogenic importance of so-called civilized habits. There is currently no conclusive evidence that African descendants or any other Brazilian ethnic minorities are especially vulnerable to renal disease. Access to RRT in Brazil is universal. However, because both the end-stage renal disease population and operational RRT costs are steadily increasing, the system may face severe limitations in the near future. Much effort is needed to limit the prevalence of renal disease, to detain or retard the progression of chronic nephropathies, and to ensure that high-quality RRT will remain available to all those who need it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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176. Organizações indígenas e distritalização sanitária: os riscos de "fazer ver" e "fazer crer" nas políticas de saúde.
- Author
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Garnelo, Luiza and Sampaio, Sully
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
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177. Determinantes próximos de la fecundidad: comportamiento reproductivo de las indígenas Chamibida de Antioquia, Colombia.
- Author
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Arias-Valencia, Maria Mercedes
- Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
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178. Geography Influences Microsatellite Polymorphism Diversity in Amerindians.
- Author
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Kohlrausch, Fabiana B., Callegari-Jacques, Sidia M., Tsuneto, Luiza T., Petzl-Erler, M. Luiza, Hill, Kim, Hurtado, A. Magdalena, Salzano, Francisco M., and Hutz, Mara H.
- Subjects
- *
MICROSATELLITE repeats , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *GENETIC markers , *ARCHAEOLOGY , *HUMAN genetic variation - Abstract
Data related to 15 short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) are reported for four South American Indian populations, and integrated with previous Brazilian Indian results. Overall heterozygosities varied significantly among groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P 0.002). The lowest levels of heterozygosity were observed in the Ache, Ayoreo, and Surui, an expected finding considering their isolation and ethnohistory. Genetic distance and gene diversity analyses suggested that geography was a good predictor of genetic affinity among these Native Americans. New evidence from this study supports the hypothesis that the Ache population descends from a Ge group that preceded the Guarani colonization of Paraguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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179. Community-based forestry and timber certification in Southeast Bolivia.
- Author
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McDaniel, Josh
- Abstract
Initiatives promoting community forestry in South America have significantly increased over the past decade. Many of these efforts have concentrated on indigenous lands where a large proportion of commercially valuable forests are located. One such project, among the Chiquitano Indians of Lomerio in southeast Bolivia, is examined here. Interviews with Chiquitano leaders, NGO and development organisation workers, and forest and sawmill workers, as well as ethnographic research in Chiquitano communities, are used to describe problems faced by the project in establishing forest management activities, organizing labour, administration, paying wages and distributing benefits. The author argues that many of the problems that the Lomerio project is experiencing can be traced to fundamental conflicts between Chiquitano culture and the values that necessarily accompany market-based development efforts such as community forestry. The research suggests that the key to success in Lomerio will lie in moulding the organisation of the project in ways that reflect Chiquitano patterns of work and production, and reconciling the demands of market economics with the values of reciprocation that permeate life in Chiquitano communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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180. Tres dimensiones de la máscara ritual chané.
- Author
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Bossert, Federico and Villar, Diego
- Subjects
MASKS ,INDIGENOUS peoples of South America ,RITUAL ,RITES & ceremonies ,BELIEF & doubt - Abstract
The article develops an anthropological explanation of the ritual masks of the Chané indians of Argentina. The masked dancers appear during the annual arete celebration. The cultural meaning of these masks, however, must be pursued beyond their ritual performance, relating it to several symbolic contexts, as a) the ritual practices involving the sacred nature of the materials in which masks are made; b) the beliefs concerning the native notions of "death," "soul," and "person"; and c) the relation between the cosmological myths, the peculiar behaviour of the masked dancers, the mask destruction, and the social representation of "time." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
181. Gender, Ethnicity, and Education as Privileges: Exploring the Generalizability of the Existential Guilt Reaction.
- Author
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Schmitt, Manfred, Behner, Robert, Montada, Leo, Müller, Lothar, and Müller-Fohrbrodt, Gisela
- Subjects
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GENDER , *ETHNICITY , *EDUCATION , *BEHAVIOR , *GUILT (Psychology) - Abstract
Two cross-sectional questionnaire studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous research on the existential guilt reaction. In Study I, gender was considered as a privilege. Male student participants (N = 141) were confronted with the low proportion of women in high-ranking positions and asked to appraise this situation. Self-reported behavior, behavioral intentions, and appeal to authorities aimed at advancing equal opportunities for both genders served as criterion variables. Path analyses were performed to explore the correlation structure among the variables. Self-reported behavior depended most strongly on behavioral intentions and on belief in control. Behavioral intentions depended most strongly on existential guilt. This effect accords to previous existential guilt research. Ethnicity and education were considered as privileges in Study II. Privileged Paraguayan students (N = 80) were confronted with the disadvantageous living conditions of Indians and Campesinos. They were asked to appraise the situation. Behavioral intentions and appeal to authorities directed at improving the living conditions of Indians and Campesinos served as criteria. As in Study I, existential guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral intentions. Study II revealed the role of values in the process of existential guilt and prosocial behavior. This is a new research finding. Indirect effects of the two values of universalism and benevolence on behavioral intentions were obtained. The effect of universalism was mediated by existential guilt and moral outrage, the effect of benevolence was mediated by injustice and existential guilt. Tradition had a negative indirect effect on behavioral intentions. This effect was mediated by justification of deprivation and probably means that adherence to tradition eases the justification of traditionally existing social inequalities in a society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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182. O Toré como representação religiosa entre os índios Xukuru do Ororubá (Pesqueira e Poção/PE)
- Author
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Oliveira, Eraldo Gomes de, Silva, Drance Elias da, Souza, José Tadeu Batista de, and Silva, Edson Hely
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Religion and mythology ,Dissertations ,South American Indians ,Índios da América do Sul ,Índios Xukuru -Pesqueira (PE) ,Xukuru Indians - Pesqueira (PE) ,Religião e mitologia ,Dissertações ,TEOLOGIA [CIENCIAS HUMANAS] - Abstract
Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2021-03-19T14:56:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ok_eraldo_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 1891051 bytes, checksum: 2c436f1497ca32a42887713d52947750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-19T14:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ok_eraldo_gomes_oliveira.pdf: 1891051 bytes, checksum: 2c436f1497ca32a42887713d52947750 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-30 This study sought to present and analyze Toré as a collective dance and well-known sociocultural expression of indigenous peoples in the Northeastof Brazil, with multiple meanings, but mainly as an identity statement in the mobilization of the Indians, such as the Ororubá Xukuru (Pesqueira and Poção/PE), for rights claims, specifically the demarcation of the lands where they live that are usurped by invaders. As also practiced as a religious ritual, with a sense of belonging and identity linked to the ancestors and for access to the Enchanted, spiritual beings of the religious universe of the indigenous. In the research, besides bibliographic readings about the Torah among several indigenous peoples in the Northeast, to study the Xukuru of Ororubá we were in ceremonies, we made participant observations and interviews with religious leaders and practitioners of the Tore, seeking to perceive and highlight the importance, the meanings, the moments and spaces where these indigenous people practiced the Toré. Este estudo buscou apresentar e analisar o Toré enquanto dança coletiva e conhecida expressão sociocultural dos povos indígenas no Nordeste, com múltiplos significados, mas principalmente como uma afirmação identitária nas mobilizações dos índios, a exemplo dos Xukuru do Ororubá (Pesqueira e Poção/PE), para as reivindicações de direitos, especificamente a demarcação das terras onde habitam que são usurpadas por invasores. Como também praticado enquanto ritual religioso, com um sentido de pertença e identidade vinculada aos antepassados e para acesso aos Encantados, seres espirituais do universo religioso dos indígenas. Na pesquisa, além de leituras bibliográficas sobre o Toré entre diversos povos indígenas no Nordeste, para estudar os Xukuru do Ororubá estivemos em cerimônias, realizamos observações participantes e entrevistas com lideranças religiosas e praticantes do Toré, buscando perceber e evidenciar a importância, os significados, os momentos e os espaços onde os referidos indígenas praticavam o Toré.
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- 2019
183. Promoción de la salud de la mujer indígena: contribución de la etnografía de prácticas de autoatención entre los Munduruku del estado de Amazonas, Brasil
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Dias-Scopel, Raquel Paiva and Scopel, Daniel
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Indios Sudamericanos ,Saúde da Mulher ,South American Indians ,Salud de la Mujer ,Women’s Health ,Antropologia Médica ,Medical Anthropology ,Saúde de Populações Indígenas ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,Salud de Poblaciones Indígenas ,Antropología Médica ,Health of Indigenous Peoples - Abstract
Resumo: A longevidade, a saúde e o bem-estar coletivo e individual figuram entre as expectativas socialmente compartilhadas pelos Munduruku que habitam a Terra Indígena Kwatá-Laranjal, Amazonas, Brasil. A condução da vida diária, em um cosmo pleno de seres, é cercada de perigos que ameaçam essas expectativas, cujas agências podem resultar em doença e morte. A partir de etnografia, conduzida por meio da observação participante e narrativas, analisamos as práticas de autoatenção voltadas à construção do corpo da mulher Munduruku, valorizando a perspectiva e o papel ativo das pessoas “leigas” nesse processo. Essas práticas iniciam-se na gestação e estendem-se ao longo da vida, em um processo contínuo de construção do corpo, manutenção da saúde e aquisição de habilidades, marcado pela interação entre pessoas de diferentes idades. O foco das práticas de atenção Munduruku não é o corpo no sentido dado pelo paradigma biomédico, mas a participação deste, como pessoa, nas relações sociais e cosmológicas, por meio de experiências que articulam corpo, saúde e ambiente. A perspectiva Munduruku sobre esse processo apresenta diferenças radicais em relação ao individualismo moderno e à noção biomédica de corpo excessivamente reducionista. A compreensão da perspectiva indígena contribui para promover melhorias na qualidade da atenção diferenciada, conforme preconizado pela Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas. Abstract: Longevity, health, and collective and individual well-being are among the socially shared expectations of the Munduruku people who live on the Kwatá-Laranjal Indian Reservation in Amazonas State, Brazil. Daily life in a cosmos full of beings is surrounded by dangers that threaten these expectations, and whose agencies can result in disease and death. Based on ethnography, through participant observation and narratives, we analyze the self-care practices dedicated to the construction of the Munduruku woman’s body, valuing the perspectives and active role of “lay” persons in this process. These practices begin in pregnancy and extend throughout life in an ongoing process of construction of the body, maintenance of health, and acquisition of skills, marked by interaction between persons of different ages. The focus of Munduruku practices is not the body in the sense determined by the biomedical paradigm, but its participation as a person in social and cosmological relations, through experiences that link body, health, and environment. The Munduruku perspective on this process displays radical differences in relation to modern individualism and the biomedical notion of the body, excessively reductionist. An understanding of the indigenous perspective can help promote improvements in the quality of differentiated care, as recommended by the Brazilian National Healthcare Policy for Indigenous Peoples. Resumen: La longevidad, la salud y el bienestar colectivo e individual figuran entre las expectativas socialmente compartidas por los Munduruku, que habitan la Tierra Indígena Kwatá-Laranjal, en el Amazonas, Brasil. El quehacer de la vida diaria, en un cosmos lleno de seres, está rodeado de peligros que amenazan las expectativas mencionadas anteriormente, cuyas vicisitudes pueden resultar en enfermedad y muerte. A partir de la etnografía, realizada mediante observación participante y narraciones, analizamos las prácticas de autoatención, dirigidas a la construcción del cuerpo de la mujer Munduruku, valorando tanto la perspectiva, como el papel activo de las personas “no especialistas” en este proceso. Estas prácticas se inician en la gestación y se extienden a lo largo de la vida, en un proceso continuo de construcción del cuerpo, mantenimiento de la salud y adquisición de habilidades, marcado por la interacción entre personas de diferentes edades. El foco de las prácticas de atención Munduruku no es el cuerpo, tal y como lo entiende el paradigma biomédico, sino la participación de este, como persona, en las relaciones sociales y cosmológicas, mediante experiencias que articulan cuerpo, salud y ambiente. La perspectiva Munduruku sobre este proceso presenta diferencias radicales, respecto al individualismo moderno y la noción biomédica de cuerpo, excesivamente reduccionista. La comprensión de la perspectiva indígena contribuye a promover mejorías en la calidad de la atención diferenciada, conforme lo preconizado por la Política Nacional de Atención de la Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas.
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- 2019
184. Interactions between global processes and local health problems. A human ecology approach to health among indigenous groups in the Amazon Interações entre processos globais e problemas de saúde locais: uma abordagem ecossistêmica à saúde de grupos indígenas na Amazônia
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Maj-Lis Follér
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Ecologia Humana ,Ecossistema Amazônico ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,Saúde ,Human Ecology ,Amazonian Ecosystem ,South American Indians ,Health ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
This article deals with methodological issues and how to link global processes - social and ecological - with environmental changes and human health in local communities. The discussion concerns how interdisciplinary approaches can help us find tools to develop new knowledge. Scientific knowledge and local knowledge are not seen as opposite epistemological forms, but as socially and culturally constructed. Power and social legitimacy have to be included when analyzing how to deal with the interaction between global processes and local environmental change and the health/disease interface.O artigo lida com questões metodológicas e relações entre processos globais - tanto sociais quanto ecológicos - e mudanças ambientais e sanitárias em comunidades locais. A autora discute como as abordagens interdisciplinares podem ajudar a encontrar instrumentos para desenvolver novas formas de conhecimento; defende que o conhecimento científico e o saber local não devem ser vistos como formas epistemológicas opostas, mas como construções sociais e culturais; e preconiza que o poder e a legitimidade social precisam ser incluídos quando se analisa como lidar com a interação entre processos globais, por um lado, e mudança ambiental local e processo saúde/doença, pelo outro.
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- 2001
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185. Cancer cluster among young Indian adults living near power transmission lines in Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará, Brazil Agrupação de casos de câncer em adultos jovens indígenas residindo nas proximidades de linhas de transmissão de alta tensão elétrica em Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará, Brasil
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Sergio Koifman, Iara Ferraz, Trajano S. Viana, Carmen L. P. Silveira, Maria T. D. Carneiro, Rosalina J. Koifman, Paula N. Sarcinelli, Rita de Cássia O.C. Mattos, Jaime S. Lima, Jefferson J.O. Silva, Josino C. Moreira, Maria de Fátima A. Ferreira, Chester Fernandes, and Antonio Carlos Bulcão
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Neoplasias ,DDT ,Praguicidas ,Campos Eletromagnéticos ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,Neoplasms ,Pesticides ,Electromagnetic Fields ,South American Indians ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
A case study was carried out to explore the occurrence of a cancer cluster in 1992 among young indian adults living in an Amazonian village near two 500 kV power transmission lines that began operating a decade ago. Current blood levels of DDT and organophosphorus pesticides and metal levels in hair samples were measured. Extremely low magnetic field exposure was determined during current daily activities carried out by the Indian villagers. Taking into account the cancer incidence rates in different Brazilian cities, the probability of the occurrence of this cluster by chance was considered remote (p< 0.003, Poisson distribution). High blood levels of p,p'-DDT (median levels ranging from 26 to 58 ppb) were observed. As a whole, this community showed a pattern of low exposure to organophosphorus pesticides, and high recent exposure was only observed in a few blood samples. Continuous exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields originated in the power transmission lines (which reached 95.0 mG under the lines) was observed on several opportunities during daily activities carried out by Indian villagers. Further observational studies should evaluate the interaction between exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields and prior exposure to tumor initiators in cancer development.Um estudo de caso foi desenvolvido para avaliar a ocorrência de um agrupamento de casos de câncer em 1992, que se verificou em adultos jovens indígenas vivendo em aldeia na Amazônia, situada nas proximidades de duas linhas de transmissão de 500 kV, as quais começaram a operar em 1982. Determinaram-se os níveis sangüíneos atuais de DDT e pesticidas organofosforados, assim como a presença de metais em amostras de cabelo. A exposição a campos eletromagnéticos de freqüência extremamente baixa foi determinada durante diversas atividades diárias desenvolvidas pelos indígenas. Considerando-se a incidência de câncer em diferentes cidades brasileiras, a probabilidade de ocorrência ao acaso deste agrupamento de casos foi considerada remota (p
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- 1998
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186. Tuberculose entre crianças e adolescentes indígenas no Brasil: fatores associados ao óbito e ao abandono do tratamento
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Paulo Victor de Sousa Viana, Ana Luiza Bierrenbach, Stefano Barbosa Codenotti, and Paulo Cesar Basta
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Patient Dropouts ,South American Indians ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Morte ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Pacientes Desistentes del Tratamiento ,Death ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Muerte ,medicine ,Tuberculosis ,Tuberculose ,Age distribution ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,business ,Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento - Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever características clínicas e sociodemográficas, estimar a incidência da tuberculose (TB), além de analisar fatores associados ao abandono e ao óbito na vigência do tratamento dos casos de TB notificados entre crianças e adolescentes indígenas, no Brasil, entre 2006-2016. Realizou-se análise da série histórica de incidência, segundo faixa etária e macrorregião e utilizou-se regressão logística multinomial para elucidar fatores associados ao abandono e ao óbito. Do total de 2.096 casos notificados, 88,2% tiveram cura, 7,2% abandonaram o tratamento e 4,6% evoluíram para óbito. Houve predomínio de casos em meninos de 15-19 anos e maior proporção de óbitos (55,7%) em < 4 anos. Considerando o conjunto de crianças e adolescentes indígenas com TB no Brasil, a incidência média foi 49,1/100 mil, variando de 21,5/100 mil a 97,6/100 mil nas regiões Nordeste e Centro-oeste, respectivamente. Os casos com acompanhamento insuficiente e regular tiveram maiores chances de abandono (OR = 11,1; IC95%: 5,2-24,8/OR = 4,4; IC95%: 1,9-10,3) e óbito (OR = 20,3; IC95%: 4,9-84,9/OR = 5,1; IC95%: 1,2-22,7). Os casos em retratamento (OR = 2,4; IC95%: 2,08-8,55) e com anti-HIV positivo (OR = 8,2; IC95%: 2,2-30,9) também mostraram-se associados ao abandono. As formas clínicas extrapulmonar (OR = 1,8; IC95%: 1,1-3,3) e mista (OR = 5,6; IC95%: 2,8-11,4), os casos em < 4 anos (OR = 3,1; IC95%: 1,5-6,4) e os casos provenientes das regiões Norte (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,1-7,1) e Centro-oeste (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,1-7,0) mostraram-se associados ao óbito. Acreditamos que o controle da TB em crianças e adolescentes indígenas não poderá ser alcançado sem investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento e sem a redução das desigualdades sociais. Abstract: The study aimed to describe clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, estimate incidence, and analyze factors associated with dropout and death during treatment of TB cases reported in indigenous children and adolescents in Brazil from 2006 to 2016. A historical case series was performed on incidence according to age bracket and major geographic region, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explain factors associated with treatment dropout and death. Of the 2,096 reported cases, 88.2% evolved to cure, 7.2% dropped out of treatment, and 4.6% evolved to death. There was a predominance of cases in boys 15-19 years of age and a higher proportion of deaths (55.7%) in children < 4 years. Considering indigenous children and adolescents with TB in Brazil as a whole, mean incidence was 49.1/100,000, ranging from 21.5/100,000 to 97.6/100,000 in the Northeast and Central, respectively. Cases with insufficient and irregular follow-up showed higher odds of dropout (OR = 11.1; 95%CI: 5.2-24.8/OR = 4.4; 95%CI: 1.9-10.3) and death (OR = 20.3; 95%CI: 4.9-84.9/OR = 5.1; 95%CI: 1.2-22.7). Cases in retreatment (OR = 2.4; 95%CI: 2.08-8.55) and with HIV coinfection (OR = 8.2; 95%CI: 2.2-30.9) were also associated with dropout. Extrapulmonary (OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1-3.3) and mixed clinical forms (OR = 5.6; 95%CI: 2.8-11.4), age < 4 years (OR = 3.1; 95%CI: 1.5-6.4), and cases from the North (OR = 2.8; 95%CI: 1.1-7.1) and Central (OR = 2.8; 95%CI: 1.1-7.0) were associated with death. TB control in indigenous children and adolescents cannot be achieved without investments in research and development and without reducing social inequalities. Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir características clínicas y sociodemográficas, estimar la incidencia de la tuberculosis (TB), además de analizar factores asociados al abandono y al óbito en la vigencia del tratamiento de los casos de TB, notificados entre niños y adolescentes indígenas, en Brasil entre 2006-2016. Se realizó un análisis de la serie histórica de incidencia, según la franja de edad y macrorregión y se utilizó la regresión logística multinomial para elucidar factores asociados al abandono y al óbito. Del total de 2.096 casos notificados, un 88,2% tuvieron cura, un 7,2% abandonaron el tratamiento y un 4,6% evolucionaron hacia óbito. Hubo un predominio de casos en chicos de 15-19 años y mayor proporción de óbitos (55,7%) en < 4 años. Considerando el conjunto de niños y adolescentes indígenas con TB en Brasil, la incidencia media fue 49,1/100.000, variando de 21,5/100.000 a 97,6/100.000 en las regiones Nordeste y Centro-oeste, respectivamente. Los casos con un seguimiento insuficiente y regular tuvieron mayores oportunidades de abandono (OR = 11,1; IC95%: 5,2-24,8/OR = 4,4; IC95%: 1,9-10,3) y óbito (OR = 20,3; IC95%: 4,9-84,9/OR = 5,1; IC95%: 1,2-22,7). Los casos de retorno al tratamiento (OR = 2,4; IC95%: 2,08-8,55) y con anti-VIH positivo (OR = 8,2; IC95%: 2,2-30,9) también se mostraron asociados al abandono. Las formas clínicas extrapulmonares (OR = 1,8; IC95%: 1,1-3,3) y mixta (OR = 5,6; IC95%: 2,8-11,4), los casos en < 4 años (OR = 3,1; IC95%: 1,5-6,4) y los casos procedentes de las regiones Norte (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,1-7,1) y Centro-oeste (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,1-7,0) se mostraron asociados al óbito. Creemos que el control de la TB en niños y adolescentes indígenas no se podrá alcanzar sin inversiones en investigación y desarrollo y sin la reducción de las desigualdades sociales.
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- 2019
187. Fatores associados ao peso ao nascer de crianças indígenas Terena, residentes na área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
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Deise Bresan, Maurício Soares Leite, and Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes
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Peso al Nacer ,030505 public health ,South American Indians ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Peso ao Nascer ,Saúde de Populações Indígenas ,Biology ,Indios Sudamericanos ,03 medical and health sciences ,Birth Weight ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,Salud de Poblaciones Indígenas ,0305 other medical science ,Humanities ,Health of Indigenous Peoples - Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação do peso ao nascer de crianças Terena, residentes na área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde, e descrever a frequência de baixo peso ao nascer. Os dados foram coletados em visitas domiciliares com formulários aplicados às mães e baseando-se em informações contidas nas Cadernetas da Gestante e da Criança. Foram incluídas todas as mulheres Terena que tiveram filhos nascidos vivos no período de 1º de junho de 2017 a 31 de julho de 2018 e residentes nas aldeias Água Bonita, Darcy Ribeiro, Marçal de Souza e Tarsila do Amaral. O peso ao nascer foi considerado desfecho e as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde foram consideradas exposição. Participaram do estudo 43 mães e crianças. A frequência de baixo peso ao nascer foi de 2,3%. No modelo final, as crianças que residiam em domicílios com fossa séptica ou rudimentar apresentaram peso ao nascer menor quando comparadas às que residiam em domicílios com rede coletora de esgoto; e aquelas filhas de mães obesas antes da gestação apresentaram maior peso ao nascer quando comparadas às que nasceram de mães eutróficas segundo o índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. Os dados buscam trazer à tona discussões sobre as condições de saúde e nutrição dessa importante parcela da população indígena que vive em áreas urbanas. Abstract: The study aimed to verify the association between birthweight of Terena children living in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, and demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables and to describe the prevalence of low birthweight. Data were collective through home visits with a form completed with the mothers and based on records from the prenatal and neonatal cards. The sample included all the Terena women who gave birth to liveborn children from June 1, 2017, to July 31, 2018, and living in the Água Bonita, Darcy Ribeiro, Marçal de Souza, and Tarsila do Amaral villages. Birthweight was the outcome, and demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics were the exposure variables. A total of 43 mothers participated with their children. Low birthweight prevalence was 2.3%. In the final model, children living in households with makeshift cesspools showed lower birthweight when compared to those living in households connected to the public sewage disposal system, and daughters of mothers who were obese prior to the pregnancy presented higher birthweight than those born to normal weight mothers, according to pregestational body mass index. The data seek to contribute to discussions on the health and nutrition of this important share of the indigenous population that lives in urban areas. Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la asociación del peso al nacer de niños Terena, residentes en el área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, con variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y de salud, así como describir la frecuencia de bajo peso al nacer. Los datos se recogieron en visitas domiciliarias con formularios aplicados a las madres, y a partir de información que contenían los Cuadernillos de la Gestante y del Niño. Se incluyeron a todas las mujeres Terena que tuvieron hijos nacidos vivos, durante el período del 1 de junio de 2017 a 31 de julio de 2018, y residentes en las aldeas Água Bonita, Darcy Ribeiro, Marçal de Souza y Tarsila do Amaral. El peso al nacer se consideró un resultado y las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y de salud se consideraron exposición. Participaron en el estudio 43 madres y niños. La frecuencia de bajo peso al nacer fue de un 2,3%. En el modelo final, los niños que residían en domicilios con fosa séptica o rudimentaria presentaron un peso al nacer menor, cuando se comparan con los que residían en domicilios con una red de alcantarillado; y aquellos hijos de madres obesas antes de la gestación presentaron un mayor peso al nacer, cuando se comparan con los que nacieron de madres eutróficas, según el índice de masa corporal pregestacional. Los datos pretenden plantear discusiones sobre condiciones de salud y nutrición de esta importante parte de la población indígena que vive en áreas urbanas.
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- 2019
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188. The Two and its Many: Reflections on Perspectivism in a Tupi Cosmology.
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Lima, Tânia Stolze
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METAPHYSICAL cosmology , *AFRICAN cosmology , *TUPI (South American people) , *YURUNA (South American people) , *SHAMANISM , *PERSPECTIVE (Philosophy) , *ETHNOLOGY , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
This article takes the wi1d peccary hunt as the basis for an ethnographic essay on an indigenous notion of 'point of view,' applied to the field of relations between humans and animals in the cosmology of a Tupi people, the Juruna. In addition to revealing the particular complexity of these relations, the concept of point of view reveals how the notion of double is irreducible to that of soul, how 'nature' and 'supernature' are perspectival effects, and finally how the hunt is included in a multiple bi1inear spatio-temporal structure, evoking the 'labyrinths' that the Juruna paint on their skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1999
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189. Differences in physical growth of Aymara and Quechua children living at high altitude in Peru.
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de Meer, K., Bergman, R., Kusner, J. S., and Voorhoeve, H. W. A.
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GROWTH of children ,AYMARA children ,QUECHUA children ,PHYSICAL anthropology ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
Physical growth of Amerindian children living in two Aymara and three Quechua peasant communities in the Andean highlands of southern Peru (altitude 3,810-3,840 m) was studied, taking into account differences in the microclimate, agronomic situation, and sociodemographic variables. Anthropometric measurements were taken in 395 children aged under 14 years of age in a sample of 151 families in these communities, who were surveyed for sociodemographic variables as well. Data on the land system were available for 77 families. In comparison with reference populations from the United States (NCHS) and The Netherlands, stature, weight, head circumference, and midupper arm circumference (but not weight for stature) in the sample children were reduced. Growth retardation increased after the age of 1 year. Stature and weight in the present sample were very similar compared with previously published data on growth of rural Aymara children living near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. Head circumference, midupper arm circumference, and weight for stature were significantly larger in Aymara children compared with Quechua children. Land was significantly more fragmented in Aymara compared with Quechua families, but amount of land owned was not different. Perinatal and infant mortality was elevated in Aymara vs. Quechua communities. Most families in Aymara communities used protected drinking water. One Quechua community had a severe microclimate, grim economic outlook, and weak social cohesion. Children in this community showed significant reductions in weight and midupper arm circumference compared with their peers in the other communities. We conclude that (presumably nutritionally mediated) intervillage and Aymara-Quechua differences in childhood physical growth existed in this rural high-altitude population in Peru and were associated with microclimate and the village economy, sociodemographic factors, and differences in the land system. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1993
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190. The evolutionary context of chronic allergic conditions.
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Hurtado, A., Hill, Kim, Hurtado, I., and Rodriguez, Selva
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The question of why populations with ecologies that resemble our evolutionary past rarely experience allergic conditions such as asthma has intrigued many biomedical scientists. Here we present descriptive data on the ecological context of allergic sensitization among the Hiwi of southwestern Venezuela and suggest reasons for why this and other lowland South American Indian groups do not express the allergic response at levels seen in industrialized contexts. Allergic sensitization among the Hiwi appears to be negligible. This absence occurs in the context of high exposure to macroparasites (mainly hookworm), nutritional stress, frequent and prolonged breastfeeding, low indoor allergen deposition, and few hours spent per day indoors. We conclude that seeking unidimensional answers to the question of why isolated human groups generally experience few allergic conditions is potentially flawed because allergies are produced by a multifaceted immunoglobulin E (IgE) system that responds in complex ways to the environmental and behavioral exposures we examined. Instead, we propose a general model of physiological trade-offs in energy allocation between production of IgE of undefined specificity and production of allergen-specific IgE. In addition, we consider the simultaneous effects that exposures such as nutritional stress, allergen exposure, and breastfeeding may have on these trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1997
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191. CONSUMING IMAGES: REPRESENTAIONS OF CANNIBALISM ON THE AMOZONIAN FRONTIER.
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Conklin, Beth A.
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CANNIBALISM ,HUARI (South American people) ,CULTURAL relativism ,STEREOTYPES ,CANNIBALS - Abstract
This article examines how information about cannibalism was treated during the pacification of the Wari' Indians in Brazil in 1956-62. Recent academic critiques have emphasized that colonial agents promulgate self-serving images of cannibal savagery to justify the subjugation of native peoples. The Wari' case illustrates this point, but it also reveals other, more complex responses. Horror, disgust, and an emphasis on primitive Otherness were part of Brazilian. public discourses about Wari' cannibalism, but so were empathy, cultural relativism, and an emphasis on the humanity of the cannibals. Some of the strongest efforts to keep Wari' from being stereotyped as savages came from the Protestant missionaries, Catholic clergy, and government officials most closely involved in pacifying them. Brazilian journalists exploited the news, but responded to pressures to downplay exploitative sensationalism by framing their stories in the language of ethnography and anthropological perspectives of cultural relativism. This story sounds a cautionary note about tendencies to represent, the agents of colonialism as one-dimensional figures unswervingly dedicated to highlighting the symbolic distance between themselves and those they colonized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1997
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192. Violence against indigenous children and adolescents in Venezuela
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Gloria Perdomo and Roberto Briceño-León
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Adult ,Male ,Civil society ,Domestic Violence ,Human Rights ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,lcsh:Medicine ,Criança ,Criminology ,Violence ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,State (polity) ,Political science ,Direitos Humanos ,Humans ,Organised crime ,Child ,Indigenous Peoples ,Violência ,Adolescente ,media_common ,Ethnic Violence ,030505 public health ,Human rights ,South American Indians ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Indians, South American ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Censuses ,Venezuela ,Structural violence ,Coal Mining ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Derechos Humanos ,Social Conditions ,Niño ,Child, Preschool ,Violencia ,Domestic violence ,Female ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
Research on violence in indigenous communities refers to traditional practices of competition for scarce goods and clashes with other populations over their territories. Violence against children is not described, and authors of some studies state a tradition of good treatment towards them. In our study we shows that the situation has changed and new forms of violence are affecting 725,000 inhabitants from 51 indigenous groups of Venezuela, especially those composed of children and adolescents. The method used was interviews with key informants and for secondary census, civil society data and journalists’ reports. Results describe the existence of four types of violence: (a) structural violence, derived from the shortage of food and medicines that have caused deaths due to malnutrition and lack of medical attention, prostitution, girl trafficking and forced emigration; (b) violence of organized crime, which exercise control of illegal mining and affect the Yanomami and Pemón peoples, as workforce for the production of coca and drug trafficking with the Yupka people; and contraband of gasoline in the Wayúu people; (c) domestic violence due to cultural changes derived from new patterns of alcohol consumption or the use of physical punishment of children between Piaroa and Yekuana peoples; and (d) the illegal violence of the State for the imposition of mining with the Pemón people or the repression for the protests with the Warao and Inga peoples. In the article we show the great difference between the official discourse of protection of indigenous peoples and the realities of violence, criminal exploitation and violation of rights suffered by indigenous children and adolescents. Resumen: La investigación sobre la violencia en las comunidades indígenas se refiere a las prácticas tradicionales de competencia por los bienes escasos y enfrentamientos con otras poblaciones por sus territorios. La violencia contra los niños no se ha conocido, y algunos estudios afirman la existencia de una tradición de buen trato hacia ellos. Este estudio muestra que la situación cambió y que nuevas formas de violencia están afectando a 725.000 habitantes de los 51 grupos indígenas de Venezuela, especialmente niños y adolescentes. El método utilizado fue entrevistas con informantes clave, un censo secundario, así como datos de la sociedad civil e informes de periodistas. Los resultados describen la existencia de cuatro tipos de violencia: (a) violencia estructural, derivada de la escasez de comida y medicinas, que ha causado muertes debido a la malnutrición y falta de atención médica; prostitución, tráfico de niñas y emigración forzosa; (b) la violencia del crimen organizado, que ejerce el control de la minería ilegal y afecta a los Yanomami y Pemón, como fuerza de trabajo para la producción de coca y tráfico de drogas en el caso de los Yupka; además de contrabando de gasolina con los Wayúu; (c) la violencia doméstica, debido a los cambios culturales, derivada de nuevos patrones de consumo de alcohol o la aplicación del castigo físico de niños entre los Piaroa y Yekuana; y (d) la violencia ilegal del estado para la imposición de la minería con los Pemón o la represión de las protestas con los Warao e Inga. El artículo expone la gran diferencia entre el discurso oficial de protección a los indígenas y las realidades de violencia, explotación criminal y violación de los derechos sufridos por los niños y adolescentes indígenas. Resumo: A pesquisa sobre violência em comunidades indígenas se refere a práticas tradicionais de disputa por bens escassos e confrontos com outras populações pela posse de seus territórios. A violência contra crianças ainda não foi descrita, e alguns estudos afirmam uma tradição de bom tratamento em relação a elas. O estudo mostra que a situação já mudou, e que novas formas de violência estão afetando 725.000 habitantes de 51 grupos indígenas na Venezuela, especialmente contra crianças e adolescentes. O método utilizado teve como base entrevistas com informantes-chave e acesso a dados censitários e de fontes da sociedade civil, além de relatos de jornalistas. Os resultados descrevem a existência de quatro tipos violência: (a) violência estrutural, derivada da escassez de alimentos e medicamentos, que provoca mortes devido à desnutrição e à falta de atendimento médico; prostituição e tráfico de meninas, além de emigração forçada; (b) violência praticada pelo crime organizado, com o controle da mineração ilegal e que afeta os povos Yanomami e Pemón, como força de trabalho na produção de coca e no tráfico de drogas no povo Yupka e o contrabando de gasolina no povo Wayúu; (c) violência doméstica em função de mudanças culturais derivadas dos novos padrões de consumo de álcool ou do uso de castigo físico de crianças, entre os povos Piaroa e Yekuana; e (d) violência ilegal praticada pelo estado pela imposição da mineração no povo Pemón ou com a repressão de protestos pelos povos Warao e Inga. O artigo mostra a grande diferença entre o discurso oficial da proteção dos indígenas e a realidade de violência, exploração criminosa e violação dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes indígenas na Venezuela.
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- 2018
193. Intermedicalidad y protagonismo: la actuación de los agentes indígenas de salud en la Tierra Indígena Kwatá-Laranjal, Amazonas, Brasil
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Raquel Paiva Dias-Scopel, Esther Jean Langdon, and Daniel Scopel
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Hegemony ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antropologia Médica ,Participant observation ,Indigenous ,Agentes Comunitários de Saúde ,Politics ,Political science ,Ethnography ,Narrative ,Salud de Poblaciones Indígenas ,Community Health Workers ,Medical model ,South American Indians ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Agentes Comunitarios de Salud ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medical Anthropology ,Gender studies ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Saúde de Populações Indígenas ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Pluralism (political theory) ,Ethnology ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,Antropología Médica ,Health of Indigenous Peoples - Abstract
Resumo O artigo sintetiza resultados de pesquisa etnográfica sobre a atuação dos agentes indígenas de saúde (AIS) na Terra Indígena (TI) Kwatá-Laranjal, Município de Borba, Amazonas, Brasil. Visa a contribuir para a compreensão do papel dos AIS frente à expansão do modelo médico hegemônico em contexto de pluralidade médica. A análise inclui dados de observação participante e entrevistas realizadas de 2009 a 2011. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com objetivo de registrar narrativas sobre a rotina, experiências e dificuldades no trabalho. Concluímos que a atuação dos AIS é essencial para a atenção primária, e seu papel transcende atividades estritamente técnicas. O AIS Munduruku ocupa posição central na articulação entre saberes indígenas e biomédicos em contextos de intermedicalidade e emerge como um novo ator político em contextos interétnicos. Abstract This article summarizes the results of an ethnographic study on the role of indigenous health agents on the Kwata-Laranjal Indian Reservation in Borba, Amazonas State, Brazil. The study aims to contribute to understanding the role of indigenous health agents in the expansion of the hegemonic medical model in a context of medical pluralism. The analysis included data from participant observation and interviews conducted from 2009 to 2011. Semi-structured interviews were held to record narratives on their work routine, experiences, and difficulties. The authors conclude that work by indigenous health agents is essential to primary care, and that their role extends beyond technical activities. The Munduruku indigenous health agents hold a key position in the links between indigenous and biomedical knowledge in contexts of intermedicality, emerging as new political actors in interethnic contexts. Resumen Este artículo sintetiza los resultados de una investigación etnográfica sobre la actuación de los agentes indígenas de salud (AIS), en la tierra indígena Kwata-Laranjal, Amazonas, Brasil. Dicha investigación procura contribuir a la reflexión sobre el papel que los AIS desempeñan, frente a la expansión del modelo médico hegemónico, en un contexto de pluralidad médica. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de observación participante y de entrevistas realizadas entre los años 2009 y 2011. Las entrevistas semi-estructuradas se llevaron a cabo con el fin de registrar la rutina, experiencias y dificultades en el trabajo. Concluimos que el papel de los AIS es fundamental para los servicios de atención primaria, y que su actuación trasciende las actividades técnicas, dado que los AIS Munduruku realizaban un importante papel como articuladores entre los saberes biomédicos e indígenas en contextos de intermedicalidad, y actuando como nuevos actores políticos en contextos interétnicos.
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- 2015
194. Obesidade e excesso de peso em adultos indígenas Xukuru do Ororubá, Pernambuco, Brasil: magnitude, fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos associados
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Iuri da Costa Leite, Carlos E. A. Coimbra, Geraldo Marcelo da Cunha, Thatiana Regina Fávaro, and Ricardo Ventura Santos
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Índice de Masa Corporal ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate statistics ,Prevalence ,Índice de Massa Corporal ,Obesidad ,lcsh:Medicine ,Overweight ,Logistic regression ,Inquéritos Nutricionais ,Body Mass Index ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Obesity ,Encuestas Nutricionales ,Socioeconomic status ,Male gender ,South American Indians ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Nutrition Surveys ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Obesidade ,medicine.symptom ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Este estudo transversal visa a descrever a distribuição de excesso de peso e obesidade e sua associação com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas entre 794 adultos indígenas, de 19 a 59 anos, da etnia Xukuru do Ororubá, povo indígena cujas terras estão localizadas no Município de Pesqueira, agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. A análise da associação entre as variáveis de desfecho, excesso de peso (IMC > 24,99kg/m2) e obesidade (> 29,99kg/m2) e as variáveis explicativas foi realizada utilizando-se regressão logística multinível. Entre as mulheres, 52,2% estavam com excesso de peso e 21% obesas. Para os homens, as prevalências foram de 44,1% e 7,5%, respectivamente. As variáveis sexo feminino e idade (> 30 anos) estiveram associadas à ocorrência de ambos os agravos. Status socioeconômico e interação sexo masculino e renda per capita elevada apresentaram associação com obesidade. Assim como observado em outras populações indígenas, os achados sugerem que os Xukuru estão atravessando um acelerado processo de transição nutricional. This cross-sectional study focused on the epidemiology of overweight and obesity and the association with demographic and socioeconomic variables in a sample of 794 Xukuru of Ororubá adults 19-59 years of age, from an indigenous reserve in Pesqueira County, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression were carried out, using cut-off points of BMI > 24.99kg/m2 for overweight and > 29.99kg/m2 for obesity. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were higher in women (52.2% and 21%, respectively) than in men (44.1% and 7.5%, respectively). Female sex and age (> 30 years) were associated with both outcomes in the multivariate regression. For obesity, the following variable showed statistically significant associations: socioeconomic status and the interaction between male gender and per capita income. As in other indigenous populations in Brazil, the study's findings suggest that the Xukuru are experiencing a rapid nutritional transition. Este estudio transversal tiene como objetivo describir la distribución del exceso de peso, obesidad y su asociación con variables demográficas y socioeconómicas. El estudio fue realizado entre 794 adultos indígenas, de 19 hasta 59 años de edad de los Xukuru do Orurubá, pueblo indígena cuyas tierras están ubicadas en el Municipio de Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brasil. El análisis de la asociación entre variables de desenlace, exceso de peso (IMC > 24,99kg/m2), obesidad (> 29,99kg/m2) y las variables explicativas fue realizado mediante una regresión logística multinivel. Entre las mujeres, un 52% estaban con exceso de peso y un 21% obesos, en el caso de los hombres. Por otro lado, la prevalencia fue de un 44,1% y un 7,5%, respectivamente. Las variables sexo femenino y edad (> 30 años) se mostraron asociadas a la ocurrencia de ambas condiciones. El estatus socioeconómico y la interacción entre sexo masculino y renta per cápita elevada mostraron asociación con obesidad. Así como lo observado en otras poblaciones indígenas, los resultados sugieren que los Xukuru están atravesando un acelerado proceso de transición nutricional.
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- 2015
195. ¿Quiénes son las parteras munduruku? Pluralismo médico y autoatención en el parto domiciliario entre indígenas en Amazonas, Brasil
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Dias-Scopel, Raquel, Scopel, Daniel, Dias-Scopel, Raquel, and Scopel, Daniel
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based on the ethnography on pregnancy and delivery among the munduruku, we observed that knowledge regarded as traditional is not in fact restricted to specialists but rather shared among many people in the family, particularly elderly women, who may or may not be viewed as midwives. the work provided by munduruku elderly women and midwives takes place in a setting of growing participation of health professionals, which does not take the form of a simple antagonism between the traditional and biomedical modes of care, implying interaction among social actors who have the potential to promote knowledge exchange. at the same time, indigenous practices are radically different from the biomedical paradigm and are perceived as mandatory to ensure the health of both the baby and the famil, a partir de la etnografía sobre embarazo y parto entre los indígenas munduruku, se verificó que los saberes considerados tradicionales no se restringen a los especialistas y se comparten entre varias personas de la familia, en especial, entre las mujeres mayores, quienes pueden ser reconocidas como parteras o no. La actuación de las mujeres mayores y parteras munduruku ocurre en el contexto de participación creciente de profesionales de la salud y no se presenta como un simple antagonismo entre las formas de atención tradicional y biomédica, lo cual implica la articulación entre actores sociales con potencial para promover intercambios de saberes. al mismo tiempo, las prácticas indígenas difieren de manera radical del paradigma biomédico y se perciben como necesarias para la salud del bebé y de la familia.
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- 2018
196. Deficiências visual, auditiva e motora entre a população indígena no Brasil
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Ana Paula de Andrade Verona and Cláudio Santiago Dias Júnior
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Personas con Discapacidad ,030505 public health ,South American Indians ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Disable Persons ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Índios Aul-Americanos ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geography ,Saúde dos Povos Indígenas ,Pessoas com Deficiência ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Salud de Poblaciones Indígenas ,0305 other medical science ,Humanities ,Health of Indigenous Peoples - Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de deficiências visual, auditiva e motora e estimar a chance de se ter uma das três deficiências, separadamente, segundo grau de severidade, para a população indígena no Brasil. Os dados foram retirados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 coletados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os métodos utilizados incluem a padronização direta para o cálculo das prevalências e modelos de regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados padronizados mostram que homens e mulheres indígenas apresentam a maior prevalência em cada uma das deficiências examinadas neste trabalho, sendo a única exceção a deficiência visual de grau leve entre as mulheres. Os resultados dos modelos de regressão multinomial mostram uma desvantagem relativa dos povos indígenas em quase todos os tipos de deficiência. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of visual, hearing, and motor impairments in the indigenous population in Brazil and to estimate the odds of presenting one of the three disabilities, separately, according to degree of severity. The data were obtained from the 2010 Population Census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The methods included direct standardization for calculation of the prevalence rates and multinomial logistic regression models. According to the standardized results, indigenous men and women showed the highest prevalence in each of the three disabilities, except for mild visual impairment in women. The results of the multinomial regression models revealed a relative disadvantage for indigenous peoples in nearly all the types of disability. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la prevalencia de discapacidad visual, auditiva y motora y estimar la oportunidad de sufrir una de las tres discapacidades, separadamente, según el grado de severidad, en la población indígena de Brasil. Los datos se obtuvieron del Censo Demográfico de 2010, recogidos por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Los métodos utilizados incluyen la estandarización directa para el cálculo de las prevalencias y modelos de regresión logística multinomial. Los resultados estandarizados muestran que hombres y mujeres indígenas presentan la mayor prevalencia en cada una de las discapacidades examinadas en este trabajo, siendo la única excepción la discapacidad visual de grado leve entre las mujeres. Los resultados de los modelos de regresión multinomial muestran una desventaja relativa de los pueblos indígenas en casi todos los tipos de discapacidad.
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- 2018
197. Estado nutricional e condições ambientais e de saúde de crianças Pataxó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Teresa Gontijo de Castro, Camila Medeiros da Silva Mazzeti, Maria do Carmo Franco, Nicole Louise Gonzaga Oliveira Santos, Wolney Lisboa Conde, Maurício Soares Leite, Adriano Marçal Pimenta, Anabele Pires Santos, and Lenice de Castro Mendes Villela
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Sanitation ,Nutritional Status ,lcsh:Medicine ,Overweight ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Salud de Poblaciones Indígenas ,Estado Nutricional ,MINAS GERAIS ,Pregnancy ,030505 public health ,Under-five ,Anthropometry ,South American Indians ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Respiratory infection ,Nutritional status ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Saúde de Populações Indígenas ,medicine.disease ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Diarrhea ,Antropometría ,medicine.symptom ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Antropometria ,Health of Indigenous Peoples - Abstract
Resumo: Descrever o estado nutricional e as condições ambientais e de saúde das crianças Pataxó de cinco aldeias de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estado nutricional foi classificado com base no peso e estatura/comprimento, tendo como referência o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Questionários baseados no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas foram utilizados para a avaliação das condições ambientais dos domicílios e de saúde dos menores de cinco anos. Dos 70 menores de dez anos avaliados (93,3%), 34 tinham menos de cinco anos. Não se observaram déficits nutricionais e sobrepeso foi registrado para 11,4% das crianças. A maioria das crianças (74,3%) vivia em domicílios com energia elétrica, 95% em domicílios com latrina/sanitário e 52,9% lançavam dejetos em fossa séptica. A realização de seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal foi reportada por 82,4% das mães dos menores de cinco anos, e 91,2% iniciaram o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Dentre as causas de internações hospitalares nos últimos 12 meses (23,5%), somente uma foi devido à diarreia e nenhuma por causa de infecções respiratórias. Foram verificadas coberturas universais para a maioria das vacinas avaliadas. A inexistência de déficits nutricionais entre as crianças Pataxó pode estar associada às melhores condições de habitação, saneamento e cobertura das ações básicas de saúde infantil quando comparadas às condições verificadas no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas e de estudos pontuais. Este trabalho pretende subsidiar discussões e ações que visem a melhorias do estado nutricional infantil dos indígenas no Brasil. Abstract: To describe the nutritional status and the environmental and health conditions of the Pataxó children from five villages of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Among the under 10 years old, weight and height/length were classified according to the growth references of World Health Organization. Questionnaires evaluating environmental conditions of the households and health conditions of under 5 years old were based in the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition. Among the 70 children evaluated (93.3%), 34 were under 5 years old. Nutritional deficits were not observed and overweight was registered for 11.4% of the children. Most of the children (74.3%) lived in households with electric energy, 95% in households with toilets and 52.9% in households that threw waste in septic tanks. Six or more antenatal appointments were reported by 82.4% of the mothers of the under five years old and 91.2% started the antenatal appointments within the first trimester of pregnancy. Among the causes of hospitalizations in the previous 12 months (23.5%), only one was due to diarrhea and none to respiratory infection. Universal coverage was observed for the majority of the vaccines. The absence of nutritional deficits among the Pataxó children may be associated to better housing and sanitation conditions and coverage of basic childhood health actions when compared to the conditions reported by the First National Survey of Indigenous People’s Health and Nutrition and related studies with other specific indigenous peoples. The current study aims to back discussions and measures to improve the nutritional status of indigenous children in Brazil. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el estado nutricional, así como las condiciones ambientales y de salud de niños Pataxó, procedentes de cinco aldeas de Minas Gerais, Brasil. El estado nutricional se clasificó en base al peso y estatura/longitud, teniendo como referencia el patrón de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se utilizaron cuestionarios basados en la I Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de los Pueblos Indígenas para la evaluación de las condiciones ambientales de los domicilios y de salud de los menores de cinco años. De los 70 menores de 10 años evaluados (93,3%), 34 tenían menos de cinco años. No se observaron déficits nutricionales y se registro sobrepeso en 11,4% de los niños. La mayoría de los niños (74,3%) vivía en domicilios con energía eléctrica, 95% en domicilios con letrina/retrete y un 52,9% efectuaba deposiciones en fosa séptica. La realización de seis o más consultas de carácter prenatal fueron informadas por parte de un 82,4% de las madres de los menores de cinco años, y un 91,2% comenzaron las consultas prenatales durante el primer trimestre de gestación. Entre las causas de internamientos hospitalarios en los últimos 12 meses (23,5%), solamente una se debió a diarrea y ninguna a causa de infecciones respiratorias. Se verificaron coberturas universales para la mayoría de las vacunas evaluadas. La inexistencia de déficits nutricionales entre los niños Pataxó puede estar asociada a las mejores condiciones de vivienda, saneamiento y cobertura de las acciones básicas respecto a salud infantil, cuando se comparan con las condiciones verificadas en la I Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de los Pueblos Indígenas y de otros estudios puntuales. Este trabajo pretende servir de apoyo para futuras discusiones y acciones que tengan por objetivo las mejoras en el estado nutricional infantil de los indígenas en Brasil.
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- 2018
198. La trasformazione della missione in Brasile: tre modi di evangelizzare
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Taini, Valter
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missione ,inculturazione ,mission ,South American Indians ,anthropologists ,misión ,indios ,inculturation ,antropólogos ,antropologi ,inculturación - Abstract
The presentation of three different ways of being missionaries among the South American Indians illustrates the gradual change of paradigm of evangelization in Brazil. Two ways likewise concern dominican missionaries who worked among the kayapó: Gil Villeneuve and Raymond Caron. The third way concerns the presence of the Little Sisters of Jesus among the tapirapé and the asuriní: the most meaningful icon of mission today among the South American Indians, acknowledged and reintroduced by Natives’ Missionary Council in the early Seventies. La presentación de tres maneras de ser misioneros entre los indios muestra el cambio gradual en el paradigma de la evangelización en Brasil. Dos formas de evangelizar involucran a dos dominicanos que trabajaron entre los kayapó: Gil Villeneuve y Raymond Caron. La tercera se refiere a la presencia de las hermanitas de Jesús entre los tapirapé y los asuriní: el icono hoy en día más elocuente de esa misión entre los indios, transpuesta y re-lanzada por el Consejo indigenista misionero a principios de los años Setenta. La presentazione di tre modi di essere missionari tra gli indios manifesta il graduale mutamento di paradigma dell’evangelizzazione in Brasile. Due modi riguardano altrettanti domenicani che operarono tra i kayapó: Gil Villeneuve e Raymond Caron. Il terzo la presenza delle piccole sorelle di Gesù tra i tapirapé e gli asuriní: l’icona più eloquente della missione oggi tra gli indios, recepita e rilanciata dal Consiglio indigenista missionario nei primi anni Settanta.
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
199. Suicidios ignorados de indígenas de la Amazonia brasileña: sexo, alcohol y vínculo parental
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Jesem Douglas Yamall Orellana, Cynthia Costa de Souza, and Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de Souza
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Familial clustering ,Sexo y salud ,Risk Assessment ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Suicidio ,Sex Distribution ,South American Indian ,Child ,Indigenous Peoples ,General Environmental Science ,Composición familiar ,Descriptive statistics ,South American Indians ,Alcohol-related disorders ,Amazon rainforest ,Mortality rate ,Indians, South American ,Gender and health ,030227 psychiatry ,Indios sudamericanos ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Suicide ,Geography ,Family characteristics ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Christian ministry ,Trastornos relacionados con alcohol ,Female ,Alcohol consumption ,Brazil ,Demography - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the coverage, characteristics and the risk of suicide in the indigenous people of Tabatinga in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: An active surveillance strategy for suicide cases was used: records of the Ministry of Health, the Municipal Health Secretariat, the Special Indigenous Health District of the Upper River Solimões (Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena Alto Río Solimões), the Military Hospital of Tabatinga, the National Indian Foundation (Fundación Nacional del Indio) and the civil registry offices were examined from 2007 to 2011 for individuals over 9 years of age. Adjusted rates were estimated using the direct method and according to age. A descriptive analysis was performed and the hypothesis tests were considered significant if p-values were
- Published
- 2017
200. Pulmonary tuberculosis among residents of municipalities in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, bordering on Paraguay and Bolivia
- Author
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Baldomero Antonio Kato da Silva, Ana Maria Campos Marques, Marli Marques, Antonio Ruffino-Netto, Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes, and Sonia Maria Oliveira de Andrade
- Subjects
Border Areas ,South American Indians ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Tuberculose Pulmonar ,Indios Sudamericanos ,Pulmonary Tuberculosis ,Áreas de Fronteira ,Medicine ,Áreas Fronterizas ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Índios Sul-Americanos ,Tuberculosis Pulmonar - Abstract
Este estudo analisou a magnitude da tuberculose pulmonar no período de 2007 a 2010 em municípios sul-mato-grossenses fronteiriços ao Paraguai e à Bolívia. Na região de fronteira, as taxas de incidência (49,1/100 mil habitantes), de mortalidade (4,0/100 mil) e de abandono do tratamento (11,3%) foram 1,6, 1,8 e 1,5 vez maiores do que na região não fronteiriça. Entre indígenas da fronteira, as taxas de incidência (253,4/100 mil habitantes), mortalidade (11,6/100 mil) e coinfecção por HIV (1,9/100 mil) foram, respectivamente, 6,4, 3,2 vezes e 1,9 vez maiores do que entre os não indígenas nesta região. Estar na região de fronteira revelou-se fator de proteção contra coinfecção por HIV. Constatou-se associação entre ser indígena e não abandonar o tratamento. Conclui-se que a população residente nesses municípios de fronteira vivencia elevado risco de adoecimento, de morte e de abandono do tratamento de tuberculose pulmonar, o que requer ações diferenciadas de vigilância em saúde. This study analyzed the epidemiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis from 2007 to 2010 in municipalities (counties) in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, that border on Paraguay and Bolivia. In the border region, the incidence rate (49.1/100,000 inhabitants), mortality rate (4.0/100,000 inhabitants), and treatment dropout rate (11.3%) were 1.6, 1.8, and 1.5 times higher than in the non-border region. Among indigenous individuals in the border region, the rates for incidence (253.4/100,000 inhabitants), mortality (11.6/100,000 inhabitants), and HIV/TB co-infection (1.9/100,000 inhabitants) were 6.4, 3.2, and 1.9 times higher than in non-indigenous individuals in this region. Living in the border regions was inversely associated with HIV/TB co-infection. Indigenous ethnicity was associated statistically with not abandoning TB treatment. The study concludes that the population residing in these municipalities along the border is exposed to high risk of pulmonary TB and TB mortality and treatment dropout, thus requiring special health surveillance interventions. Este estudio examinó la magnitud de la tuberculosis pulmonar del 2007 al 2010 en los municipios de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil) limítrofes con Paraguay y Bolivia. En la región fronteriza, las tasas de incidencia (49,1/100.000 habitantes), mortalidad (4,0/100.000) y abandono del tratamiento (11,3%) fueron 1,6, 1,8 y 1,5 veces más altas que en la región no fronteriza. En la región fronteriza, las tasas de incidencia (253,4/100.000 habitantes), mortalidad (11,6/100.000) y co-infección por el VIH (1,9/100.000) entre residentes indígenas fueron 6,4, 3,2 y 1,9 veces más altas que en la población no indígena. Vivir en la región fronteriza resultó ser un factor protector contra la co-infección por el VIH. Se identificó asociación entre ser indígena y no abandonar el tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que la población de estos municipios fronterizos está sujeta a un alto riesgo de enfermedad, muerte y abandono del tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar, lo que requiere acciones de vigilancia de la salud específicas para este contexto.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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