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Background: Antidepressants are proposed to work by increasing sensitivity to positive versus negative information. Increasing positive affective learning within social contexts may help remediate negative self-schema. We investigated the association between change in biased learning of social evaluations about the self and others, and mood during early antidepressant treatment. Method: Prospective cohort assessing patients recruited from primary care in South West England at four timepoints over the first 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment (n = 29). At each timepoint, participants completed self-report measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire 7 (GAD-7)), and a computerised task measuring learning of social evaluations about the self, a friend and a stranger. Results: We did not find evidence that learning about the self was associated with a reduction in PHQ-9 (b = 0.08, 95% CI: −0.05, 0.20, p = 0.239) or BDI-II scores (b = 0.10, 95% CI: −0.18, 0.38, p = 0.469). We found some weak evidence that increased positive learning about the friend was associated with a reduction in BDI-II scores (b = 0.30, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.62, p = 0.069). However, exploratory analyses indicated stronger evidence that increased positive learning about the self (b = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.28, p = 0.002) and a friend (b = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.35, p = 0.001) was associated with reductions in anxiety. Conclusions: Change in social evaluation learning was associated with a reduction in anxiety but not depression. Antidepressants may treat anxiety symptoms by remediating negative affective biases towards socially threatening information directed towards the self and close others. However, our findings are based on exploratory analyses within a small sample without a control group and are therefore at risk of type 1 errors and order effects. Further research with larger samples is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To understand why some parents are less sensitive to infant cues than others, we need to understand how healthy parents respond, and how this is influenced by factors such as sleep deprivation. Here, we examined whether sleep deprivation alters the self‐infant‐prioritisation effect in a population of first‐time mothers within their first year of motherhood. Methods: The study took place at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark from August 2018 until February 2020. First‐time mothers were recruited through Midwife clinics, national and social media. All women completed a perceptual matching task including an infant category. The mothers were divided into two groups depending on their sleep status: below or above 7 h of average night‐time sleep, measured with actigraphy. Results: Forty‐eight first‐time mothers at the age of 29.13 ± 3.87 years were included. In the sleep‐deprived group, the infant category was statistically significantly higher in accuracy (p = 0.005) and faster in reaction time (p < 0.001) than all other categories. In contrast, in the non‐sleep‐deprived group, there was no statistically significant difference between self and infant, neither in accuracy, nor reaction time. Conclusion: Sleep‐deprived new mothers strongly prioritised infants over self, while non‐sleep‐deprived new mothers showed no prioritisation of the self over the infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study used a screen‐based perceptual matching task to see how non‐parents, people trying to get pregnant, and those who had given birth prioritised shapes and labels relating to self or infant conditions. Methods: The study took place at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark from December 2016 to November 2021. Recruitment methods included family planning clinics, social media, online recruitment systems and local bulletin boards. The modified perceptual matching task linked five shapes to five labels, including self and infant. Results: We found that 67 males and females with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3 years, who had no plans to become parents in the near future, reacted faster and more accurately to self‐shapes and labels (p < 0.001), which validated the experiment. The 56 participants aged 27.1 ± 4.4 years who were actively trying to become parents showed no statistically significant prioritisation. A subset of 21 participants aged 28.7 ± 4.4 years showed faster response times to infant than self‐shapes and labels 1 year after giving birth (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Healthy first‐time parents showed faster reactions to infant than self‐conditions 1 year after giving birth, in contrast to the other two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual‐gate photothermoelectric detector with 2D SnP2Se6 channel demonstrates wide spectral photoresponse, high responsivity and detectivity in telecommunication bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between pose and illumination learning in face recognition was examined in a yes--no recognition paradigm. The authors assessed whether pose training can transfer to a new illumination or vice versa. Results show that an extensive level of pose training through a face--name association task was able to generalize to a new illumination (Experiments 1 and 3), but an equal level of illumination training failed to generalize to a new pose (Experiment 2). The transfer of pose training was likely to depend on a relatively extensive level of training because the same faces with reduced level of exposure (Experiment 4) were unable to reproduce the transfer effect. The findings suggest that generalization of pose training may be extended to different types of image variation, whereas generalization of illumination training may be confined within the trained type of variation. Keywords: face recognition, pose, illumination, transfer of training