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27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4348-4351, The year 2012 has been designated as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All by the United Nations General Assembly, aiming to expand access to modern energy services by 2030. In September 2010, the Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Program was launched at the First High Meeting of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP), contributing to the agreed energy targets in Africa by 2020: 10,000MW of hydropower, 5,000MW of wind power capacity, 500MW of solar energy and tripling the capacity of other renewables, providing new access of energy to 100 million people. The international community is committed to supporting Africa to address its energy challenges but the definition of continental priorities and ways of implementation is under national, sub-regional and regional African policy domains. What is then the role to be played by other stakeholders like academia, private sector and society?

27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4627-4630, The year 2012 has been designated as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All by the United Nations General Assembly. The international community is committed to supporting Africa to address its energy challenges but the definition of continental priorities and ways of implementation is under national, subregional and regional African policy domains. The scope of this work is to present an analytical easy-to-use web-based tool (under development) that can be used to evaluate the energy capability and economic viability of off-grid technologies in providing electricity services to remote rural households in Africa.

With especial regard to hydrogen electrode, the theoretical fundamentals of electrode potential, the most important reference electrodes and the electrode potential measurement have been discussed. In the case of the hydrogen electrode, it have been emphasised that there is no equilibrium between the hydrogen molecule (H2) and the hydrogen (H+), hydronium (H3O+) ion in the absence of a suitable catalyst. Taking into account the practical aspects as well, the theorectical basis of working of hydrogen, copper-copper sulphate, mercury-mercurous halide, silver-silver halide, metal-metal oxide, metal-metal sulphate and “Thalamid” electrodes, has been discussed.

25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5256-5262, The paper has a twofold objective. The first one is to introduce the renewable energy platform that is in the process of formulation. Driven by the EU-Africa Joint Strategy and responding to the needs of African population to increase access to sustainable energy, the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission is building a renewable energy platform to increase the scientific and technical analytical capacity of the African community on support of sustainable energy planning. The second objective is to show the initial results of the analysis carried out in the framework of the platform on the selected rural electrification options that shows the basic conditions to apply renewable energy sources in the sustainable energy development in Africa.

24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4395-4404, Recent analyses show significant differences in the levelised PV electricity cost calculations. The present paper points out that no unique or absolute cost figure can be justified, the correct solution is to use a sequence of cost figures that is determined in a dynamic power portfolio interaction within the financial scheme, support mechanism and industry cost reduction. Financial investors take account of risks of all options in power generation portfolio, they translate them into the return expectation in the financial appraisal and make investment decisions on this basis. The paper shows the resulting electricity market trend, the associated risk perception and classification. Using these finding, a former version of a financing model was adapted to project the energy mix changes due to investors behaviour with different risk tolerance/aversion. From the realisation of its importance we try to ascertain the possible risk mitigation tasks for all stakeholders in the PV market.