1,225 results on '"T4"'
Search Results
152. Classification of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women Differs by Analytical Method and Type of Thyroid Function Test.
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Andersen, Stine Linding, Christensen, Peter Astrup, Knøsgaard, Louise, Andersen, Stig, Handberg, Aase, Bo Hansen, Annebirthe, Vestergaard, Peter, Andersen, Stine Linding, Christensen, Peter Astrup, and Hansen, Annebirthe Bo
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PREGNANT women ,THYROID gland ,THYROTROPIN receptors ,THYROID hormone regulation ,AUTOANTIBODIES ,PREGNANCY complications ,THYROID gland function tests ,THYROID disease diagnosis ,THYROTROPIN ,REFERENCE values ,RESEARCH ,THYROID diseases ,THYROXINE ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,TRIIODOTHYRONINE - Abstract
Context: Physiological alterations challenge the assessment of maternal thyroid function in pregnancy. It remains uncertain how the reference ranges vary by week of pregnancy, and how the classification of disease varies by analytical method and type of thyroid function test.Design: Serum samples from Danish pregnant women (n = 6282) were used for the measurement of thyrotropin (TSH), total and free thyroxine (T4), total and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and T-uptake using "Method A" (Cobas 8000, Roche Diagnostics). TSH and free T4 were also measured using "Method B" (ADVIA Centaur XP, Siemens Healthineers).Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancy week- and method-specific reference ranges were established among thyroid antibody-negative women (n = 4612). The reference ranges were used to classify maternal thyroid function, and results were compared by analytical method and type of thyroid function test.Results: The reference ranges for TSH showed a gradual decrease during pregnancy weeks 4 to 14, a gradual increase was observed for total T4, total T3, and T-uptake, whereas free T4 and free T3 showed less variation. When TSH and free T4 were used, Method A classified 935 (14.9%) with abnormal thyroid function, Method B a total of 903 (14.4%), and the methods agreed on 554 individuals. When TSH and total T4 were used, 947 (15.1%) were classified with abnormal thyroid function, and classifications by either total T4 or free T4 agreed on 584 individuals.Conclusions: Even when pregnancy week- and method-specific reference ranges were established, the classification of maternal thyroid dysfunction varied considerably by analytical method and type of thyroid function test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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153. Study of the Role of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Thyroid Disorders.
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Aldein Kamar, Mohammed Almhdy Gamal, Awad, Mohammed Mohammed, Mousa, Mayada Mohammed, and Ragab, Shimaa Mohammed
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GENETIC polymorphisms , *THYROID diseases , *ADIPONECTIN , *INSULIN sensitivity , *CONGENITAL hypothyroidism , *CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Background: Both hypo & hyperthyroidism are associated with some morbidity & mortality. Adiponectin is a fat cell-derived hormone that protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases through its enhancing effect on insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies investigating serum adiponectin levels in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have reported conflicting results. Objective: The study aimed to study the role of adiponectin gene polymorphism in patients with thyroid disorders either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Also, the relation of adiponectin gene polymorphism with obesity and DM. Patients and Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on one hundred and fifty cases that were classified into hypothyroid group and hyperthyroid group. History, examination and investigation (adiponectin gene) was done. Results: In current study within hypothyroid & hyperthyroid group, there was non-significant relation between gene polymorphism and either total T3, free T3, free T4 or TSH. There was statistically non-significant relation between associated diabetes and either gene or allele polymorphism among patients within hypothyroid group and hyperthyroid group. There was statistically non-significant relation between patient BMI and either gene or allele polymorphism among patients within hypothyroid group and hyperthyroid group. Conclusion: There was no role of adiponectin gene polymorphism and either total T3, free T3, free T4 or TSH. In addition, there was no role of adiponectin gene polymorphism and either obesity and DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
154. Relation between Serum Lipids and Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroidism Patients.
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Hamad, Dheyaa Shinyar
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BLOOD lipids ,THYROID hormone regulation ,THYROID hormones ,HYPOTHYROIDISM ,LIPID metabolism ,THYROTROPIN receptors ,THYROTROPIN ,HORMONE receptors - Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism is a condition that occurs as a result of a malfunction in the thyroid glands that leads to a decrease in the secretion of their main hormones. Thyroid hormones are known to be have an important role in the regulating metabolism of lipids; thus, any impaired in the thyroid function causes a significant change in the levels of lipid. Objective: To evaluate the changes occurs for lipid levels in hypothyroidism patients and determine the correlation between lipids parameters and some thyroid hormones. Materials and Methods: The study included 45 healthy control subjects and 52 hypothyroidism patients who visited private doctors' clinics in Basra, Iraq. Thyroid hormones and serum lipids were measured for both healthy subjects and hypothyroidism patients. Results: The study indicates an increase in the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values for hypothyroidism patients as compared to the healthy control group while there is a slightly difference in the values of each of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) between the two groups. There is a significant increase in the mean values of all lipids except for high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the hypothyroidism patients compared to that in healthy control subjects. The study presents that there is a positive correlation between TSH and all lipid parameters except for HDL which gives negative relation (r = - 0.20). There is a moderate correlation between TSH and non-HDL (r = 0.42) while the other lipids appear weak correlation (TC(r=0.14), TG (r=0.19). LDL (0.16), VLDL (0.17), and LDL/HDL (0.17)). There is no correlation between T4 and TC (r = 0.03), LDL (r = 0.07). non-HDL (r = 0.04), and LDL/HDL (r = 0.06), HDL (r = - 0.02) while TG and VLDL appears weak correlation (r = - 0.11 to each one of them). Conclusions: The study found that the abnormal change in the levels of lipids during hypothyroidism may increase the likelihood for occurrence of arteriosclerosis and the emergence of cardiovascular disease in hypothyroidism patients. There is a moderate positive relationship between TSH and non-HDL levels, as this indicates that non-HDL should be added to lipid profile tests as evidence of measuring cardiac risk in patients with hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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155. THYROID DYSFUNCTION EFFECT ON LIPIDS PROFILE IN SOME WOMEN OF AL-NASIRIYAH CITY.
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Falgoos, Nuha Saleh and Abdulredha, Wafa Saleh
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THYROID diseases ,LIPID analysis ,THYROID hormones ,LIPOPROTEINS ,DYSLIPIDEMIA - Abstract
The current study focused on knowing the effect of thyroid disorders on the level of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) as well as the level of women lipids profile with thyroid disorder in the city of Nasiriyah. Samples were collected for 12 months from 577 women with thyroid disorders (407 had hypothyroidism and 170 were suffering from hyperthyroidism). There were 192 women that were considered as a control group who were healthy and did not complain of any diseases. Some data, such as age, marital status and causes of infection for patients with thyroid disorder, were confirmed. TSH, T4, T3, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured for all subjects. The study found that women whose ages are between 25-35 years and married women are more likely to have thyroid disorders than the total of the sample. It has been observed that the level of TSH and TG increase in women who suffer from hypothyroidism, but there is no difference in their level for women who suffer from hyperthyroidism in comparing with the control group. As for the hormone T4 ,T3 and fT4, their levels were high for hyperthyroidism group, but their level was lower in women with hypothyroidism. TC and LDL were more elevated in hypothyroidism and also high in hyperthyroidism group. While HDL level was more low in hypothyroidism, and it was also low in hyperthyroidism women when comparing its level with the control group. It was clear from the study that women between the ages of 25-35 years are more infected for non-hereditary reasons but rather disorders in their female hormones that negatively affect thyroid hormones. Imbalance of the lipid profile (Dyslipidemia) was also observed in patients with thyroid disorder, which could be one of the causes of atherosclerosis and coronary diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
156. Thyroid Hormone Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology in the Tumour Microenvironment.
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Schmohl, Kathrin Alexandra, Müller, Andrea Maria, Nelson, Peter Jon, and Spitzweg, Christine
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MESENCHYMAL stem cells , *CYTOLOGY , *THYROID hormones , *CELL receptors , *MESENCHYMAL stem cell differentiation - Abstract
Non-classical thyroid hormone signalling via cell surface receptor integrin αvβ3, expressed on most cancer cells and proliferating endothelial cells, has been shown to drive tumour cell proliferation and survival, as well as angiogenesis. Tumours develop within a complex microenvironment that is composed of many different cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells. These multipotent progenitor cells actively home to growing tumours where they differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells and blood vessel-stabilising pericytes and thus support the tumour's fibrovascular network. Integrin αvβ3 expression on mesenchymal stem cells makes them susceptible to thyroid hormone stimulation. Indeed, our studies demonstrated – for the first time – that thyroid hormones stimulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards a carcinoma-associated fibroblast-/pericyte-like and hypoxia-responsive, pro-angiogenic phenotype, characterised by the secretion of numerous paracrine pro-angiogenic factors, in addition to driving their migration, invasion, and recruitment to the tumour microenvironment in an experimental hepatocellular carcinoma model. The deaminated thyroid hormone metabolite tetrac, a specific inhibitor of thyroid hormone action at the integrin site, reverses these effects. The modulation of mesenchymal stem cell signalling and recruitment by thyroid hormones via integrin αvβ3 adds a further layer to the multifaceted effects of thyroid hormones on tumour progression, with important implications for the management of cancer patients and suggests a novel mechanism for the anti-tumour activity of tetrac. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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157. Tissue-Specific Function of Thyroid Hormone Transporters: New Insights from Mouse Models.
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Salveridou, Eva, Mayerl, Steffen, Sundaram, Sivaraj Mohana, Markova, Boyka, and Heuer, Heike
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THYROID hormones , *MICE , *METABOLISM , *HOMEOSTASIS , *INSIGHT - Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) transporters are required for cellular transmembrane passage of TH and are thus mandatory for proper TH metabolism and action. Consequently, inactivating mutations in TH transporters such as MCT8 or OATP1C1 can cause tissue- specific changes in TH homeostasis. As the most prominent example, patients with MCT8 mutations exhibit elevated serum T3 levels, whereas their CNS appear to be in a TH deficient state. Here, we will briefly summarize recent studies of mice lacking Mct8 alone or in combination with the TH transporters Mct10 or Oatp1c1 that shed light on many aspects and pathogenic events underlying global MCT8 deficiency and also underscore the contribution of Mct10 and Oatp1c1 in tissue-specific TH transport processes. Moreover, development of conditional knock-out mice that allow a cell-specific inactivation of TH transporters in distinct tissues, disclosed cell-specific changes in TH signaling, thereby highlighting the pathophysiological significance of local control of TH action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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158. Non-complicit: Revisiting Hans Asperger's Career in Nazi-era Vienna.
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Falk, Dean
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ASPERGER'S syndrome , *BIOGRAPHY (Literary form) , *CORRUPTION , *EUTHANASIA , *FRAUD , *HOLOCAUST, 1939-1945 , *MEDICAL care , *HEALTH policy , *HISTORY of medicine , *ORGANIZATIONAL behavior , *PRACTICAL politics , *PROFESSIONAL ethics , *RELIGION , *STERILIZATION (Birth control) , *VOCATIONAL guidance - Abstract
Recent allegations that pediatrician Hans Asperger legitimized Nazi policies, including forced sterilization and child euthanasia, are refuted with newly translated and chronologically-ordered information that takes into account Hitler's deceptive 'halt' to the T4 euthanasia program in 1941. It is highly unlikely that Asperger was aware of the T4 program when he referred Herta Schreiber to Am Spiegelgrund or when he mentioned that institution 4 months later on the medical chart of another (unrelated) girl, Elisabeth Schreiber. Asperger campaigned vigorously from 1938 to 1943 to have his specialization, Curative Education, take priority in the diagnosis and treatment of disabled children over other fields that promoted Nazi racial hygiene policies. He neither disparaged his patients nor was he sexist. By 1938, he had identified the essentials of Asperger syndrome and described an unnamed boy whom he later profiled (as Ernst K.) in 1944. Rather than doing 'thin' research, Asperger made discoveries that were prescient, and some of his activities conformed to definitions of "individual resistance." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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159. Correlation between BMI and Thyroid Hormones in Infertile Groups.
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Al-ogla, Etab Abdul-Ameer, Hussain, Manar Saad, and Abd-AL abbas, Suad Torki
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SEX hormones ,THYROID hormones ,WOMEN'S hospitals ,MENSTRUATION disorders ,IODIDE peroxidase ,BODY weight ,INFERTILITY ,THYROTROPIN receptors - Abstract
Infertility is the failure to become pregnant after 12 months of copulation without contraception . Thyroid defeat in function can caused to the: menstrual disorder, an ovulatory phase and lower fertility. This search formed to assess the importance of thyroid syndromes in infertility women and importance the autoimmunity by assessing value of TSH, T3, T4, & anti Thyroid peroxidase antibody in infertile woman comparison the consequences with women controls. The direction in this search started from March 2015 to September 2015 at Karbala Maternity Hospital, infertility unit, and some private clinics. Showed significant relation between TPO and BMI in controls and patients p –value (<0.002,<0.0001) respectively, and significant relation between BMI and T4 in patients and controls p-value (<0.0001), and shows significant relation between, the relation between BMI and sex hormones shows no significant relation with LH in patients but significant in controls p-value (<0.0001) and relation with FSH was not significant in patients and controls, and relation with E2 shows significant relation in patients p-value (<0.01) but no significant in controls. This search directed to estimation the relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones with BMI. Where the height of BMI affects the body to increase TPO and T4 and affect estradiol, we recommend that women maintain the body weight within normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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160. Effect of probiotics supplementation on adipokine profile (visfatin, adiponectin and chemerin), intestinal (citrulline) and thyroid function in Japanese quail subjected to heat stress.
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Bayraktar, B. and Tekce, E.
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JAPANESE quail , *QUAILS , *ADIPONECTIN , *TEMPERATURE control , *CHEMERIN , *BODY weight - Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri E81 (LRE; 200, 400, 600 mg/kg) to the diets of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress (HS) on serum adipokine (visfatin, adiponectin and chemerin), intestinal (citrulline) and thyroid hormone levels. On day 7 of the trial, the animals were assigned to 8 groups [Control temperature (CT): control (C, without LRE supplementation), LRE-200, LRE-400 and LRE-600 and HS: control (HSC), SLRE-200, SLRE-400 and SLRE-600], each composed of 56 animals of equal body weight. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups withg 14 animals per compartment. During the experiments, the temperature applied to the CT-groups C, LRE-200, LRE-400 and LRE-600 was 25°C and to the HS-groups HSC, SLRE-200, SLRE-400 and SLRE-600 was 37°C. At the end of the study (days 21 and 42), a dosedependent decrease in citrulline, chemerin, adiponectin, and thyroid hormones and a dose-dependent increase in the visfatin hormone level (p < 0.01) due to LRE supplementation were observed in the HS and CT groups compared to its control. In conclusion, the present study showed that dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg of LRE affected serum chemerin, adiponectin, T3, T4, TSH and visfatin levels in Japanese quail raised under heat stress (p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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161. Fluorometric detection of phages in liquid media: Application to turbid samples.
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Rajnovic, Denis and Mas, Jordi
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BACTERIOPHAGES , *MICROBIAL cultures , *MASS media , *BACTERIAL cultures , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *FOOD safety - Abstract
During the last years there has been a growing interest in the development of methods for phage detection and quantification in environmental, public health and industrial sectors. Good methods of phage monitoring contribute to progress in phage therapies, biocontrol and food safety studies. They have also been used to indicate the possible presence of microbiological hazards in drinking and recreational waters, and are an essential tool to prevent failure of microbe-based industrial bioreactors. Many of the sophisticated methods that have emerged to cover these needs are strongly hampered by the presence of turbidity in the samples, that results in decreased sensitivity. To avoid this, time consuming pretreatment steps must often be included that increase the overall complexity of the assays and the time required to perform them. With this in mind, we have explored an alternative method that fulfills the criteria of being simple, rapid and inexpensive and can be used to perform analysis in turbid media without any pretreatment steps. In this paper we develop a method that monitors lysis of an indicator culture when exposed to samples containing the target phage. The method is based on the properties of resazurin, a redox dye that becomes fluorescent when reduced by an active microbial culture. We analyzed the fluorescence kinetics of non-turbid phage-infected bacterial cultures as a function of both, phage abundance and initial cell concentration. For this purpose, different phage/host combinations were used and then, the addition of resazurin at different times (0, 30 and 60 min) was carefully evaluated for each phage/host combination, thus providing data for 168 combinations in total. Next, selected phage/host combinations were tested over 4 different turbidity models: 0, 1000, 2000 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) as well as in milk. The data obtained provided information about the duration of the assay and sensitivity thresholds in matrices with different turbidity grades. The results obtained indicate that the method can detect as few as 10 phage particles per assay volume within 3.5 h. If sensitivity is not an issue and the threshold of detection is increased to 107 phages the assay is considerably shortened, providing reliable results in only 40 min. Overall, the detection approach proposed in this work provides a simple, rapid and inexpensive solution that compares favorably, in terms of performance, with other high-end methods. Image 1 • Detection of bacteriophages in turbid samples and in milk. • The method does not require pre-treatment of the samples. • Simple, rapid and sensitive. • Suitable for miniaturization, automation and high-throughput analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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162. Study of Thyroid Hormones for Vitiligo Patients in AL-Anbar Governorate.
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Hussein, Yasser Q., Mohammed, Wajeeh Y., Al-Hasan, Abdulla S., and Al-marsomi, Sabri M.
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THYROID hormones ,VITILIGO ,THYROID diseases ,MELANOCYTES ,FAMILY history (Medicine) - Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by the loss of functional skin and mucosal melanocytes the reported incidence is 0.5% to 2% worldwide. Its pathogenesis is mostly consider autoimmune and this pigmentary disorder is strongly associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders. To evaluate the serum thyroid hormone in vitiligo patients of Al-Anbar governorate and to compare the results with other external studies. The study group included 80 patients with vitiligo, and 40 healthy volunteers. Blood thyroid hormone was determined using Monobind kits from reliable USA company. Their ages ranged form 1 to 70 years. Family history of vitiligo was positive in a percentage of (30%) of the patients. The mean levels of serum thyroid hormone (T3, T4) in patients with vitiligo were found to be no significant difference than those of healthy individuals. The TSH level in patient with vitiligo were found to be significantly higher than those of healthy individuals. This study strengthens the relationship between the thyroid hormones intake, formation, and metabolism with the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Therefore it is concluded that vitiligo patients should be evaluated for thyroid hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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163. Complex surgery and perioperative systemic therapy for genitourinary cancer of the retroperitoneum.
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Finelli, A., Coakley, N., Chin, J., Flood, T. A., Loblaw, A., Morash, C., Shayegan, B., and Siemens, R.
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RENAL cancer , *TESTICULAR cancer , *INFERIOR vena cava surgery , *SURGICAL excision , *LYMPHADENECTOMY , *CANCER treatment , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present guideline is to recommend surgical or systemic treatment for metastatic testicular cancer; T3b or T4, or node-positive, and metastatic renal cell cancer (rcc); and T3, T4, or node-positive upper tract urothelial (utuc) cancer. Methods Draft recommendations were formulated based on evidence obtained through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, comparative retrospective studies, and guideline endorsement. The draft recommendations underwent an internal review by clinical and methodology experts, and an external review by clinical practitioners. Results The primary literature search yielded eight guidelines, five systematic reviews, and twenty-seven primary studies that met the eligibility criteria. Conclusions Cytoreductive nephrectomy should no longer be considered the standard of care in patients with T3b or T4, or node-positive, and metastatic rcc. Eligible patients should be treated with systemic therapy and have their primary tumour removed only after review at a multidisciplinary case conference (mcc). Adjuvant sunitinib after surgery is not recommended. Patients with venous tumour thrombus should be considered for surgical intervention. Patients with T3, T4, or node-positive utuc should have their tumour removed without delay. Decisions concerning lymph node dissection should be done at a mcc and be based on stage, expertise, and imaging. Adjuvant systemic treatment is recommended for resected high-risk utuc. Patients with metastasis-positive testicular cancer with residual tumour after systemic treatment should be treated at specialized centres. For all complex retroperitoneal surgeries, the evidence shows that higher-volume centres are associated with lower rates of procedure-related mortality, and patients should be referred to higher-volume centres for surgical resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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164. Analysis of fistula formation of T4 esophageal cancer patients treated by chemoradiotherapy.
- Author
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Taniyama, Tomoko Katsui, Tsuda, Takashi, Miyakawa, Kunihisa, Arai, Hiroyuki, Doi, Ayako, Hirakawa, Mami, Horie, Yoshiki, Mizukami, Takuro, Izawa, Naoki, Ogura, Takashi, Sunakawa, Yu, and Nakajima, Takako Eguchi
- Abstract
Background and aim: Fistula is one of the known complications of T4 esophageal cancer (T4-EC). The standard treatment for T4-EC is chemoradiotherapy, but detailed data about fistula resulting from chemoradiotherapy in this condition are limited. In particular, radiographic findings of T4-EC with fistula have not been reported. This study assessed the risk factors of fistula based on clinical information on patients with chemoradiotherapy for T4-EC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 59 T4-EC patients who had squamous cell carcinoma without any fistula before receiving definitive or palliative chemoradiotherapy. Results: A fistula was observed in 18 patients (31%) throughout their clinical course. The overall survival in the fistula group was significantly shorter than that in the non-fistula group (259 vs. 346 days; p = 0.0341). The axial tumor size on computed tomography (CT) was confirmed as an independent risk factor for esophageal fistula in multivariate analysis of stepwise methods [OR 1.226; 95% CI 1.109–1.411; p < 0.0001]. Twelve out of 14 patients with an axial tumor size of 50 mm or greater had developed a fistula. Conclusions: A large tumor size on the axial plane on CT is a risk factor for fistula formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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165. Discovery of Hidden Pattern in Thyroid Disease by Machine Learning Algorithms.
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Yadav, Dhyan Chandra and Pal, Saurabh
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THYROID diseases ,MACHINE learning ,CLASSIFICATION algorithms ,DECISION trees ,CAT diseases - Abstract
Background: Decision tree provides help in making decision for very complex and large dataset. Decision tree techniques are used for gathering knowledge. Classification tree algorithms predict the experimental values of women thyroid dataset. The objective of this research paper observation is to determine hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and euthyroidism participation in hormones can be good predictor of the final result of laboratories and to examination whether the propose ensemble approach can be similar accuracy to other single classification algorithm. Results: In the proposed experiment real data from 499 thyroid patients were used classifications algorithms in predicting whether thyroid detected or not detected on the basis of T3, T4 and TSH experimental values. The results show that the expectation of maximization classification tree algorithms in those of the best classification algorithm especially when using only a group of selected attributes. Finally we predict batch size, tree confidential factor, min number of observation, num folds, seed, accuracy and time build model with different classes of thyroid sickness. Conclusion: Different classification algorithms are analyzed using thyroid dataset. The results obtained by individual classification algorithms like J48, Random Tree and Hoeffding gives accuracy 99.12%, 97.59% and 92.37 respectively. Then we developed a new ensemble method and apply again on the same dataset, which gives a better accuracy of 99.2% and sensitivity of 99.36%. This new proposed ensemble method can be used for better classification of thyroid patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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166. Functions of Thyroid Hormones
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Dev, Nishanth, Sankar, Jhuma, Vinay, M. V., Imam, Syed Khalid, editor, and Ahmad, Shamim I., editor
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- 2016
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167. PATOLOGÍA TIROIDEA EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS DE GUERRERO, MÉXICO.
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Quintana Ponce, Sandra, Barlandas Rendón, Nicolás Rogelio Eric, Armenta Figueroa, Ana Laura, Santiago Palma, Amayrani, Jorge Corona, Luciano, Reyes Ríos, Roxana, Hernández Nava, Roció Guadalupe, and Villalva Pérez, Víctor Hugo
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2019
168. Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests of Patients Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis.
- Author
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KÜLCÜ, Süleyman, ŞEKERCİ, Abdüsselam, and PASİN, Özge
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AUTOIMMUNE thyroiditis , *THYROIDITIS , *THYROID diseases , *THYROID gland function tests , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SARS disease , *VIRUS diseases - Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome. While strong immune reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, autoantibodies, which are the distinguishing feature of autoimmune diseases, are also detected in COVID-19 patients. Many autoimmune diseases may develop after COVID-19 infection. We investigated the relationship between COVID-19 infection and thyroid autoimmunity markers and whether a significant change was observed after the virus infection. Method: In our retrospectively planned study, patients who applied to Bezmialem Vakıf University between March 2017 and March 2023 and were tested for anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis were selected as the sample group. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, such as age group, gender, and T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-TPO, anti-Tg, and TSI laboratory findings were included in the study. Results: Seven hundred eighty-eight people were examined. In 2023, the average age of patients was found to be significantly lower compared to 2018 (p=0.010). No significant difference was observed in terms of the gender distribution of patients between 2023 and 2018 (p=0.936). The average free T4 of patients in 2023 was significantly higher than that in 2018 (p<0.001). In terms of TSH averages, no significant difference was observed between 2023 and 2018 (p=0.470). During this period, the rate of autoimmune thyroiditis cases was found to be approximately 5 times higher based on the total number of hospital admissions. Conclusion: The available data suggest that COVID-19 predisposes to autoimmune thyroid disease because of a decreasing age of disease onset. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathways that may clarify the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 and thyroid autoimmunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
169. IL-10-TG/TPO-T4 axis, the target of bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate on thyroid function imbalance.
- Author
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Yuan, Yuese, Zhuang, Yimeng, Cui, Yuan, Liu, Yuetong, Zhang, Qiong, Xiao, Qianqian, Meng, Qinghe, Jiang, Jianjun, Hao, Weidong, and Wei, Xuetao
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THYROID gland , *IODIDE peroxidase , *FIREPROOFING agents , *EPITHELIAL cells , *SODIUM iodide - Abstract
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) is a new type of brominated flame retardant. Some studies suggest that TBPH exposure may be associated with thyroid damage. However, there is a paucity of research on the authentic exposure-related effects and molecular mechanisms in animals or cells. In this study, we used male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and the Nthy ori3–1 cell line (the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell) to explore the potential effects of TBPH (5, 50, 500 mg/kg and 1, 10, 100 nM) on the thyroid. The genes and their proteins of cytokines and thyroid-specific proteins, thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and sodium iodide cotransporter (NIS) were examined to investigate the possible mechanisms. At the end of the experiment, it was found that 50 and 500 mg/kg TBPH could increase the levels of total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4) significantly. The messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of Tg , Tpo , Interleukin-6 (Il6) , and Interleukin-10 (Il10) in the thyroid tissues from the rats treated with 500 mg/kg were enhanced clearly. Meanwhile, the mRNAs of TG , TPO , IL6 , and IL10 were elevated in Nthy ori3–1 cells treated with 100 nM TBPH as well. The mRNAs of TG and TPO were elevated after the knockdown of IL6. To our surprise, after the knockdown of IL10 or the treatment of anti-IL-10-receptor (anti-IL-10-R) antibody, the mRNAs of TG and TPO were significantly reduced, and the effects of TBPH were diminished. In conclusion, our results suggested that the IL-10-IL-10R-TG/TPO-T4 axis is one important target of TBPH in the thyroid. [Display omitted] • Bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) increased the level of T4 in male rats. • TBPH changed the expressions of thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). • IL-10 might contribute to TG and TPO upregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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170. Distribution of subclinical thyroid disease and other primary thyroid disorders in a tertiary care center
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Shilpa, HD, Muraleedharan, Nineetha, and Sulekha, B
- Published
- 2017
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171. Cold and Sick, Sick and Cold : Fiber, thyroxine replacement, malabsorption
- Author
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Kaynar, A. Murat, Bhatnagar, Nikhil K., Marcucci, Catherine, editor, Hutchens, Michael P., editor, Wittwer, Erica D., editor, Weingarten, Toby N., editor, Sprung, Juraj, editor, Nicholson, Wayne T., editor, Lalwani, Kirk, editor, Metro, David G., editor, Dull, Randal O., editor, Swide, Christopher E., editor, Seagull, F. Jacob, editor, Kirsch, Jeffrey R., editor, and Sandson, Neil B., editor
- Published
- 2015
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172. Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism and the Need to Prevent Oxidative Stress: What Can We Learn from Human Research?
- Author
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Alessia Candellone, Vittorio Saettone, Paola Badino, Flavia Girolami, Elisabetta Radice, Domenico Bergero, Rosangela Odore, and Giorgia Meineri
- Subjects
feline hyperthyroidism ,spontaneous animal model ,thyroid ,thyroid hormones ,T3 ,T4 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Feline hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome related to an excessive production of thyroid hormones, and it is considered as a spontaneous animal model for human thyrotoxicosis. Many shared features between the feline and the human disease have been identified so far, including pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options. Although methimazole is considered the first-choice drug in both species, several side effects have been described. Furthermore, methimazole could interfere with the oxidative status, already perturbated by the disease. It has been reported in humans that dietary management, mainly through antioxidant supplementation, could mitigate this oxidative burden. The purpose of the review is to describe current therapeutic options in the course of feline hyperthyroidism and to summarize the state of the art relationship between dietary antioxidants administration and the reduction of methimazole side-effects in humans to support the use of this approach also in cats.
- Published
- 2021
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173. Effect of Launaea procumbens on thyroid glands lipid peroxidation and hormonal dysfunction: a randomized control trial
- Author
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Rahmat Ali Khan
- Subjects
Launaea Procumbens ,Oxidative stress ,Antioxidant enzymes ,T3 ,T4 ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Background Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Amin is traditionally used in Pakistan for the treatment of hormonal disorders and oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Launaea procumbens methanol extract (LPME) against KBrO3-induced oxidative stress and hormonal dysfunction in thyroid. Methods To examine the effects of LPME against the oxidative stress of KBrO3 in thyroid tissue, 36 male albino rats were used. Protective effects of LPME were observed on thyroid hormonal levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and DNA damage. Results Treatment with KBrO3 significantly (P
- Published
- 2017
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174. Comparison of serum triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations in pregnant and lactating Beetal-cross and native goats in Garmsar township
- Author
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Afshin Raoofi, Soroush Yourdkhani, and Saied Bokaie
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breed ,goat ,t3 ,t4 ,tsh ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The preliminary survey made about congenital goiter in goats in Garmsar township indicated that the disease occurs much more in Beetal-cross than native goats raised in the same area. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare of serum triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations in pregnant and lactating Beetal-cross and native goats in Garmsar township. METHODS: One hundred Beetal-cross (n=50) and native (n=50) does in 4 groups (25 pregnant Beetal-cross, 25 lactating Beetal-cross, 25 pregnant native and 25 lactating native) were used in this study. Blood samples were obtained via jugular venipuncture and analyzed for serum T3, T4 and TSH concentrations. RESULTS: Breed had a significant (P
- Published
- 2017
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175. Niveles de Tetraiodotironina (T4) en vaquillonas del norte de la Pcia. de La Pampa
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Alberto Gundín, Dora Patricia Sereno, and Virginia Dora Maisterrena
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t4 ,hembras bovinas ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer los valores de referencia de tetraiodotironina (T4), principal hormona secretada por la glándula tiroides en condiciones normales e indicador de la concentración de yodo en el ambiente, en bovinos hembra bajo alimentación pastoril del NO de la provincia de La Pampa. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas de 118 bovinos, distribuidos en seis esta blecimientos de los departamentos Maracó, Quemú Quemú, Rancul y Chapaleufú, zonas con características propias y con diferentes tipos de vegetación. El valor de T4 más bajo hallado se encontró en los animales del Departamento Rancul, y está en relación directa con las zonas fisiográficas muestreadas.
- Published
- 2017
176. Investigation of the Effects of Orchidectomy on Serum Levels of TSH, T3, and T4 in Male Rats
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Rahim Ahmadi and Sedigheh Molaee
- Subjects
orchidectomy ,testosterone ,dehydroepiandrosterone ,triiodothyronine ,t4 ,ths ,rats. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Studies have shown that changes in the serum levels of sex hormones can influence thyroid gland function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of decreased testosterone after orchidectomy on the serum level of thyroid hormones in male rats. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into 7-animal groups, including control, sham, unilateral orchidectomized, and bilateral orchidectomized. After 10 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method and serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH, testosterone, and DHEA, were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical test. Results: Serum testosterone level significantly decreased in orchidectomized (unilateral and bilateral) rats compared to the control group (p
- Published
- 2017
177. The Effect of 6 Months of Methadone Maintenance Therapy on Serum Levels of Cortisol, TSH, T4, and PTH Hormones
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Rouhani Ravari, Mohsen, Soleymani Sardoo, Fatemeh, Tayari, Zahra, Soleimanisardoo, Laya, and Gozashti, Mohammad Hossein
- Published
- 2022
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178. Limber tail syndrome in a Labrador Retriever with confirmed hypothyroidism.
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Coelho, Ana, Mateus, Nathália, Araújo, Joyce, Silva, Márcio, and Eguchi, Gabriel
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LABRADOR retriever ,HYPOTHYROIDISM ,TAILS ,COMORBIDITY ,LEVOTHYROXINE - Abstract
A 4‐year‐old, female, neutered Labrador Retriever was referred with tail flaccidity of acute onset after an extensive period of swimming. There were no other neuromuscular clinical signs on physical examination and no pain of tail palpation. Comorbidity was reported, with previous diagnosis of hypothyroidism (9 months before), but the disease was considered controlled since levothyroxine supplementation. Despite the impossibility to confirm nonrelated neuromuscular impairment associated with hypothyroidism, the fast resolution of clinical signs without intervention was more likely to confirm a limber tail syndrome rather than an endocrine neuromyopathy, but, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of its kind, and further investigations are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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179. Assessment of the Adequacy of Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy in Hypothyroidism
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Matvey Brokhin, Sara Danzi, and Irwin Klein
- Subjects
symptom scale ,T4 ,T3 ,treatment ,diagnosis of hypothyroidism ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background: Recent studies identify a significant number of treated hypothyroid patients who express dissatisfaction with their therapy. At present there are sufficient measures of thyroid function to enable the clinician to establish a diagnosis of thyroid disease with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the use of a new and novel assessment of clinically relevant hypothyroid symptoms in the management of patients with thyroid disease and to identify a tool that could help clinicians to assess adequacy of LT4 treatment.Methodology: Unselected outpatients of the Thyroid Clinic of the North Shore University Hospital at Manhasset completed a questionnaire asking them to rate their physical symptoms related to thyroid disease as part of their standard care. This questionnaire consisted of 10 signs and symptoms. The questionnaire was collected from 198 control subjects, 241 subjects with primary hypothyroidism (under treatment), 113 euthyroid subjects (benign nodular thyroid disease), 73 previously hyperthyroid subjects (previously treated), and 27 subjects with thyroid cancer. A repeat questionnaire was obtained from 48 subjects with primary hypothyroidism (20%), 19 euthyroid subjects (17%), and 17 subjects previously hyperthyroid (23%).Data Analysis: The mean score for the sum of the signs and symptoms in the primary hypothyroid group with no medication change was 9.62 ± 1.29 for the initial questionnaire, and 10.04 ± 1.32 for the follow up questionnaire (not significant). For the primary hypothyroid patients requiring a medication change, at the time of the initial questionnaire the mean serum TSH was 12.86 ± 2.75 mcU/ml. Concurrently with the normalization of TSH, a statistically significant improvement in the sum of signs and symptoms mean score for this group was noted (16.32 ± 1.93 initial vs. 10.32 ± 1.46 after treatment to normalize TSH).Conclusion: The proposed newly devised hypothyroid scale correctly identified subjects with TSH elevation and clinical/subclinical hypothyroidism based on their clinical signs and symptoms. In this particular subset of patients, the hypothyroid symptom scale showed a statistically significant improvement in the sum of the signs and symptoms with the normalization of the subjects' thyroid function.
- Published
- 2019
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180. A review on sign and symptoms of graves's diseases as thyroidal diseases and its treatment with anti thyroidal drug
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Bhor, Rohit J., Damdhar, Harshala, Kokate, Geeta, Salve, Maduri, and Andhale, Swati
- Published
- 2016
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181. The effect of concurrent aerobic-resistance training on thyroid hormones, blood glucose hemostasis, and blood lipid indices in overweight girls with hypothyroidism.
- Author
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Mohammadi Sefat, Sahar, Shabani, Ramin, and Nazari, Marzieh
- Subjects
- *
BLOOD lipids , *THYROID hormones , *BLOOD sugar , *TEENAGE girls , *HYPOTHYROIDISM , *HEMOSTASIS - Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to explore the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent aerobic-resistance training on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), blood lipid profile, and blood glucose hemostasis in adolescent girls with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: In this clinical trial, 20 adolescent girls with hypothyroidism [age: 12.10 ± 1.94 years; body mass index (BMI): 25.25 ± 2.91 kg/m2] were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated with 8 weeks of concurrent aerobic [60–80% heart rate reserve (HHR)] and resistance (40–65% of 1RM) training. Blood was sampled before and after training. Data were analyzed using a pairwise t-test and an independent t-test (α < 0.05). Results: Within-group comparison revealed significant decline of body index, BMI, fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in the experimental group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.03, and p = 0.02, respectively). Also, inter-group comparisons indicated significant differences in weight, BMI, fat percentage and HOMA (p = 0.001). But, no significant difference was observed in the blood sugar index (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A short-term period of concurrent aerobic-resistance training may improve blood glucose hemostasis and body composition of adolescent girls with hypothyroidism. However, further research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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182. T4 + T3 combination therapy: any progress?
- Author
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Wiersinga, Wilmar M.
- Abstract
Guidelines on T4 + T3 combination therapy were published in 2012. This review investigates whether the issue is better understood 7 years later. Dissatisfaction with the outcome of T4 monotherapy remains high. Persistent symptoms consist mostly of fatigue, weight gain, problems with memory and thinking and mood disturbances. T4 monotherapy is associated with low serum T3 levels, which often require TSH-suppressive doses of L-T4 for normalization. Peripheral tissue thyroid function tests during T4 treatment indicate mild hyperthyroidism at TSH < 0.03 mU/L and mild hypothyroidism at TSH 0.3–5.0 mU/L; tissues are closest to euthyroidism at TSH 0.03–0.3 mU/L. This is explained by the finding that whereas T4 is usually ubiquinated and targeted for proteasomal degradation, hypothalamic T4 is rather stable and less sensitive to ubiquination. A normal serum TSH consequently does not necessarily indicate a euthyroid state. Persistent symptoms in L-T4 treated patients despite a normal serum TSH remain incompletely understood. One hypothesis is that a SNP (Thr92Ala) in DIO2 (required for local production of T3 out of T4) interferes with its kinetics and/or action, resulting in a local hypothyroid state in the brain. Effective treatment of persistent symptoms has not yet realized. One may try T4 + T3 combination treatment in selected patients as an experimental n = 1 study. The 2012 ETA guidelines are still valid for this purpose. More well-designed randomized clinical trials in selected patients are key in order to make progress. In the meantime the whole issue has become rather complicated by commercial and political overtones, as evident from skyrocketing prices of T3 tablets, aggressive pressure groups and motions in the House of Lords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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183. THYROID DISORDER ASPECT IN SECTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE BEFORE AND AFTER HEMODIALYSIS.
- Author
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Jouda, Jamela, Ibrahim, Ruqaya Khaleel, and Murthada
- Subjects
KIDNEY disease diagnosis ,HEMODIALYSIS ,THYROID hormones ,THYROID disease diagnosis ,BLOOD sampling - Abstract
Its is well established that there is interaction between thyroid and kidney. Many studies reviewed the interaction between thyroids disorder and renal statues while the opposite situation, the interaction between renal diseases and thyroid hormones, need more study to understand it. The aim of this research were to compare the biochemical variables such as blood urea and serum creatinine in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) between before and after hemodialysis and their affect on thyroid hormones (T3, T4), calsitonin (CT), and thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH).Blood samples were collected from 25 patients with renal failure on hemodialysis, who visited Yarmok hospital in Baghdad/ Iraq, after and before dialysis and 25 healthy as control. Their ages were between 20 to 80 years old. Blood urea,serum creatinine, TSH, and CT levels were significant higher in the patients before dialysis which went back down after dialysis but this levels remained significant higher than in control while T3 and T4 levels were significant lower in patients group whether before or after daiylsis compared to control groups. T3 and T4 have negative correlation with blood urea but not with serum creatinine while TSH and CT have significant positive correlation with both blood urea and serum creatinine. It could be concluded that the renal diseases could be caused thyroid disorders and may be also parathyroid disorder due to the closed interaction between CT and parathyroid hormone (PTH) which need more works to prove it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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184. More on Asperger's Career: A Reply to Czech.
- Author
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Falk, Dean
- Subjects
- *
ASPERGER'S syndrome , *COMMUNICATION , *EUTHANASIA , *HOLOCAUST, 1939-1945 , *RACISM - Abstract
Czech's claims that my paper abounds with mistranslations, misrepresentations, and factual errors are refuted point-by-point, as is his declaration that the paper contains no relevant or new evidence. Asperger's statements that Franz Hamburger saved him from the Gestapo are reaffirmed and supported with a personal communication from Asperger's daughter, Dr. Maria Asperger Felder. Czech's criticism of anonymous peer reviewers and his call for retraction of my paper are, at best, unconstructive. In light of the current resurgence of authoritarian governments that promote xenophobic and racist ideology in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere, it is essential that details about the Nazi euthanasia program continue to be recalled and deliberated, as they are in this exchange. I stand by my paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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185. A critical evaluation of thyroid hormone measurements in OECD test guideline studies: Is there any added value?
- Author
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Beekhuijzen, Manon, Rijk, Jeroen C.W., Meijer, Marieke, de Raaf, Michiel Alexander, and Pelgrom, Sylvia
- Subjects
- *
THYROID hormones , *ENDOCRINE disruptors , *INTERNAL auditing , *INFORMATION needs , *GUIDELINES - Abstract
• There is an imperative need to align interpretation of thyroid hormone results. • We evaluated 124 regulatory repro screening studies including thyroid hormone data. • 38% of the studies showed a significant finding for T4 in treated animals. • This is probably due to disturbances of normal homeostasis causing high variation. • So, it is important to consider the historical control range in data evaluation. Recently several OECD test guidelines were updated to include thyroid hormone measurements for assessing endocrine disruptor potency, which led to an imperative need to align interpretation of these results by the different stakeholders. We therefore evaluated 124 repro screening studies, which showed in 38% of the studies a statistical significant finding for T4 in at least one treatment group, probably due to disturbances of normal homeostasis causing high variation. Consequently, for a thorough evaluation it is extremely important to take the historical control range into account. In conclusion, the current testing approach is not providing specific information needed to assess endocrine disruption, as too often a statistical significant finding is noted and as down-stream adverse effects are not evaluated. Therefore, major modifications are urgently needed. Instead of extending the in vivo experiments, it should be investigated if in vitro assessments will provide more relevant information on human endocrine disruptor potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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186. Alteraciones tiroideas en diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
- Author
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Sierra-Castrillo, Jhoalmis, Gómez-Rave, Lyz Jenny, Chacín-González, Maricarmen, Rojas Quintero, Joselyn, and Bermúdez-Pirela, Valmore
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes ,NON-communicable diseases ,INSULIN resistance ,DIABETES ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
187. Practical considerations for developmental thyroid toxicity assessments: What's working, what's not, and how can we do better?
- Author
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Li, Abby A., Makris, Susan L., Marty, M. Sue, Strauss, Volker, Gilbert, Mary E., Blacker, Ann, Zorrilla, Leah M., Coder, Pragati S., Hannas, Bethany, Lordi, Sheri, and Schneider, Steffen
- Subjects
- *
MATRIX effect , *THYROTROPIN , *CARDIOVASCULAR development , *MASS spectrometry , *SCIENTISTS , *THYROID hormones - Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs; T3 and T4) play a role in development of cardiovascular, reproductive, immune and nervous systems. Thus, interpretation of TH changes from rodent studies (during pregnancy, in fetuses, neonates, and adults) is critical in hazard characterization and risk assessment. A roundtable session at the 2017 Society of Toxicology (SOT) meeting brought together academic, industry and government scientists to share knowledge and different perspectives on technical and data interpretation issues. Data from a limited group of laboratories were compiled for technical discussions on TH measurements, including good practices for reliable serum TH data. Inter-laboratory historical control data, derived from immunoassays or mass spectrometry methods, revealed: 1) assay sensitivities vary within and across methodologies; 2) TH variability is similar across animal ages; 3) laboratories generally achieve sufficiently sensitive TH quantitation levels, although issues remain for lower levels of serum TH and TSH in fetuses and postnatal day 4 pups; thus, assay sensitivity is critical at these life stages. Best practices require detailed validation of rat serum TH measurements across ages to establish assay sensitivity and precision, and identify potential matrix effects. Finally, issues related to data interpretation for biological understanding and risk assessment were discussed, but their resolution remains elusive. • Historical control data (HCD) are useful in evaluating thyroid hormone (TH) results. • Analysis of HCD showed TH assay sensitivities varied within and across methodologies. • HCD laboratories generally achieved sufficiently sensitive TH quantitation levels. • HCD TH variability was lower than EPA/OECD recommendations, regardless of rodent age. • Best practices include validation of rat serum TH assays against a standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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188. Post-mastectomy immediate breast reconstruction is oncologically safe in well-selected T4 locally advanced breast cancer: a large population-based study and matched case–control analysis.
- Author
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Wang, Maoli, Chen, Hongliang, Wu, Kejin, Ding, Ang, Zhang, Peng, and Zhang, Mingdi
- Abstract
Purpose: Although it is well accepted that the survival outcome is most probably unaffected by immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) for T1–T3 tumors, the safety of IBR in T4 locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) remains unclear. Methods: By using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, the trend of IBR for female T4 LABC patients undergoing mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy was explored. The predictors of IBR in T4 LABC were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The survival outcomes were compared by means of Cox hazards models adjusting for known clinicopathological variables and stratifying on the T stage and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). Results: Altogether 714 cases underwent IBR between 1998 and 2015. The IBR cohort had a lower percentage of cases with T4d disease whereas higher percentage with CPM. The IBR rate was 10.1% and increased from 4.1% in 1998 to 17.7% in 2015. Since 2009, the rate of implant-based IBR exceeded that of the autologous tissue method. An age less than 45 years (OR 2.930, 95% CI 2.299–3.735) and CPM (OR 2.758, 95% CI 2.306–3.299) were the strongest predictors of IBR. In the 1:2 matched case–control analysis, IBR was not an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer specific-survival (BCSS) (HR 0.893, p = 0.236, 95% CI 0.741–1.077) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.886, p = 0.183, 95% CI 0.741–1.059). BCSS and OS were similar among patients undergoing IBR whether they underwent CPM or not and whether they were inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) or not. Conclusions: IBR is oncologically safe in well-selected T4 LABC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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189. Biochemical study of Thyroid Hormones in Pregnant Women in Tikrit City.
- Author
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Ahmed, Hanan T.
- Subjects
PREGNANT women ,THYROID hormones ,CAT diseases ,RELATIVES ,HOSPITAL patients ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Background: this study include The thyroxin's act on nearly every cell in the body and show Hypothyroidism , Hyperthyroidism ,and Thyrotoxicosis in pregnant women in Tikrit city . Aim To identify thyroid hormones changes pregnant women in city Tikrit for the screening period of November - January determine the value of thyroid hormone (T3, T4 and TSH ) , and evaluate the association between them. Patients and Methods: the samples was conducted in Salah Addin Hospital from ,the patients was 40 case and the control samples was 20 sample . the same ages and for the period from 9\7to 11\7. All patients were (females) the range of is age from 20 to 45 years, and with Control Groups were 40 personal normal women ,They were collected from the medical staff and patients relatives who were free from signs and symptoms of thyroid disorder. Result :Serum TSH, T3 and T4 were determined in hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and normal control (immunoassay). The mean concentration of serum TSH level in patient with hyperthyroidism sd
0.05) decreased compared with non-pregnant Conclusion: The differences between the measurements may be due to the different characteristics of the study subjects such as, in current study most women were using non-iodized salt. While, most of the studies were take only subjects in both groups that consuming iodized salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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190. Effects of Süßstofftabletten on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Albino Rats and The Curative Effects of Vitamin E.
- Author
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Helal, Eman G. E., Abdelaziz, Mohamed A., and El-Gamal, Mariam S.
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN E , *ALBINISM , *RATS , *NONNUTRITIVE sweeteners , *VITAMINS - Abstract
Background: Süßstofftabletten is an artificial sweetener, which is mainly composed of cyclamate and saccharin. Aim of the work: clarification of Süßstofftabletten effects and the amelioration effect of vitamin E in male albino rats. Materials and methods: thirty male albino rats weighing from 100 to 120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; group 1: control, group 2: rats received Süßstofftabletten (1 tablet/kg b.w./day) and group 3: rats received Süßstofftabletten (1 tablet/kg b.w./day) + vitamin E (6 mg/kg b.w./day). The following parameters were measured: serum glucose, ASAT, ALAT, serum creatinine, serum urea, protein and lipid profiles and hormonal levels (insulin, testosterone, serum T3 and serum T4). Results: there were many disturbances that occurred in the previous parameters, and vitamin E ameliorated most of these hazardous effects. Conclusion: the assertions that artificial sweeteners are safe and healthy in use by consumers are false. Natural sweeteners whose benefits are important and necessary to our bodies must be used instead of artificial sweeteners. Also vitamin E is very important in our daily diet as it fights many damages that encounter us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
191. ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF TSH, T4, T3 AND TESTOSTERONE IN IRAQI DEPRESSED WOMEN WITH CHRONIC TOXOPLASMOSIS INFECTION.
- Author
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Shaker, Maha Mahmood, Rahman, Sabah A. Hamied A., and AL-Abassi, Hazimamossa
- Subjects
THYROTROPIN ,DEPRESSION in women ,TOXOPLASMOSIS ,TESTOSTERONE ,ENDOCRINE system ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Increased level of TSH in both group G1 and G2 and it was over normal physiological range (5.25 ± 0.14μlU/ml and 5.31± 0.10μlU/ml) respectively, in the same time T
4 recorded significant increase in its level, but within normal range ( 8.03 ± 0.36 ng/ml and 10.19±1.14 ng/ml) respectively, T3 also recorded increase in its level in G1 and G2 (2.79 ± 0.14 nmol/l and 2.86 ± 0.15 nmol/l) respectively, the same thing recorded in testosterone in G1 and G2 (2.59 ± 0.07 nmol/l and 2.67 ± 0.06 nmol/l). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Morphological and physiological assessments reveal that freshwater turtle (Mauremys leprosa) can flourish under extremely degraded-polluted conditions.
- Author
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EL Hassani, Mohamed Said, El Hassan, El Mouden, Slimani, Tahar, and Bonnet, Xavier
- Subjects
- *
MAUREMYS leprosa , *TURTLES , *POLLUTANTS , *POPULATION density , *BODY size - Abstract
Abstract Freshwater turtles are long-lived sedentary organisms used as biological sentinels to assess anthropogenic perturbations in freshwater-ecosystems; notably because pollutants tend to accumulate in their tissues. Pollution has detrimental effects in sea turtles, but studies in freshwater turtles have provided contrasted results: several species have been impacted by habitat perturbation and pollution while others not. It is important to explore this issue since freshwater turtles are threatened worldwide. We compared two populations of the stripe necked terrapin (Mauremys leprosa) in a relatively pristine area (piedmont of the Atlas mountain) versus an extremely degraded-polluted area (sewers of a large city) in Morocco. All morphological and physiological proxies showed that turtles were able to cope remarkably well with highly degraded-polluted habitat. Population density, body size, and body condition were higher in the sewers, likely due to permanent water and food availability associated with human wastes. Stress markers (e.g. glucocorticoids) provided complex results likely reflecting the capacity of turtles to respond to various stressors. Reproductive parameters (testosterone level, indices of vitellogenesis) were lower in the relatively pristine area. The deceptive overall image provided by these analyses may hide the disastrous human impact on rivers. Indeed, Mauremys leprosa is the only aquatic vertebrate able to survive in the sewers, and thus, might nonetheless be a pertinent indicator of water quality, providing that the complexity of eco-physiological responses is considered. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. The Influence of Acesulfame-K and Aspartame on Some Physiological Parameters in Male Albino Rats.
- Author
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Helal, Eman G. E., Abdelaziz, Mohamed A., Taha, Neama M., and El-Gamal, Mariam S.
- Subjects
- *
ACESULFAME-K , *ASPARTAME , *RATS , *ALBINISM , *BLOOD lipids - Abstract
Background: the easiest method of reducing calories is to replace the high caloric food products with sweetened ones. Aim of the work: this study aimed to determine the effects of acesulfame-k or aspartame on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and methods: we used thirty male albino rats of local strain weighing from 100 to120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; Group 1: control, Group 2: rats received acesulfame-k (15 mg/kg/day) and group 3: rats received aspartame (50 mg/kg/day). Results: there was an increase in serum glucose, insulin level, T3 and T4 in rats that received aspartame. In addition, there was increase in ASAT and ALAT activities, serum creatinine, serum urea and lipid profile except HDL-C in both treated groups as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, there was a drop in percentage of body weight and serum testosterone level in aspartame group as well as in total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in both treated groups as compared to control group. Conclusion: aspartame has more dangerous effects than acesulfame-k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
194. The prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction and diagnosed diseases of gallstones.
- Author
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megalai, Mani and Avvai, T.
- Subjects
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GALLSTONES , *BLOOD cholesterol , *CHOLESTASIS , *CHOLECYSTITIS , *THYROID diseases ,WESTERN countries - Abstract
Background: Cholelithiasis is a disease prevalent worldwide because of an imbalance of bile salt and cholesterol concentrations that leads to precipitation inside the gallbladder. Gall stones are the most common biliary pathology both in India and western countries. Recent studies concentrate on gall stones and thyroid hormones - T3 and T4 have an effect on both bile content and bile flow. Patients with hypothyroidism have a serum level of cholesterol approximately 50% higher level than in euthyroid patients and 90% of all hypothyroid patients have elevated cholesterol level. Likewise, low levels of t4 have an effect in relaxing the sphincter of odds, leading to biliary stasis and stone formation. The aim of the study: To check thyroid status in patients who are diagnosed with gallstone disease, thereby dividing into euthyroid, hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and subclinically hypothyroid, correlating the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with cholelithiasis. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai in 2018. Patients were divided according to history, clinical examination, and USG neck and lab estimation of T3, T4, and TSH. Subclinical hypothyroidism: The symptom-free patient with TSH concentration above the upper limit of normal range and T3/T4or both decrease below normal limit. Clinical hypothyroidism: In which there were symptoms of hypothyroidism with TSH level above the upper limit and T3/T4or both decreases below normal limit. Euthyroid group: Where clinical and lab tests were within normal range. Results: The predominant age group was 51-60 years constituting 36.67% of patients. Youngest patient age was 21 years and the oldest was 80 years of age. Of the 60 patients, the majority of patients were euthyroid status 52 (86.67%). 6 (10%) patients were subclinical hypothyroidism, 2 (3.33%) were clinical hypothyroidism. Of the 60 patients, 52 were diagnosed with gallstone only and 8 were diagnosed with gallstone and CBD stones. In this study, hyperlipidemia was present in 7 of the hypothyroidism. Conclusion: There is a relationship between thyroid dysfunction particularly hypothyroidism and gallstone diseases. Hypothyroidism is seen more in GB stones patients compare with CBD stone patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism is more common than clinical hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism has a higher prevalence in females than males. High cholesterol levels are seen in gallstone disease with thyroid dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
195. Treatment and clinical outcome of clinical T4 esophageal cancer: A systematic review.
- Author
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Makino, Tomoki, Yamasaki, Makoto, Tanaka, Koji, Miyazaki, Yasuhiro, Takahashi, Tsuyoshi, Kurokawa, Yukinori, Motoori, Masaaki, Kimura, Yutaka, Nakajima, Kiyokazu, Mori, Masaki, and Doki, Yuichiro
- Subjects
TREATMENT of esophageal cancer ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CHEMORADIOTHERAPY - Abstract
Background: Survival of patients with cT4 esophageal cancer is dismal. Although the optimal treatment strategy remains to be established, two treatment options are available for cT4 esophageal cancers: definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) and induction treatment followed by conversion surgery (CS). However, little is known concerning the differences in clinical outcome between patients with T4 esophageal tumors treated with dCRT and those eventually treated with CS. Methods: A systematic search of the scientific literature on PubMed/MEDLINE was carried out using the keywords "T4 esophageal cancer," "invading (involving) adjacent organ," "definitive chemoradiation," "induction therapy," "salvage surgery," and "conversion surgery," obtaining 28 reports published up to July 2018. Results/Conclusion: We found that CS was superior to dCRT with respect to local disease control and short‐term survival; however, CS was associated with relatively higher perioperative mortality and morbidity. Alternatively, although dCRT might often cause fistula formation, a clinical complete response to dCRT is likely to lead to a better prognosis. Recent advances in chemotherapeutic agents have led to triple induction chemotherapy, with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (DCF), which has shown promise as an initial induction treatment for cT4 esophageal cancer. Indeed, this regimen could control both local and systemic disease, which enables curative resection without preoperative CRT. Moreover, some appropriate changes in perioperative management and intensive systemic chemotherapy might enhance patient outcome. Randomized controlled trials with a large sample size are needed to establish the standard treatment for cT4 esophageal cancer. In the present review, we found that CS was superior to dCRT with respect to local disease control and short‐term survival; however, CS was associated with relatively higher perioperative mortality and morbidity. Alternatively, although dCRT might often cause fistula formation, a clinical complete response to dCRT is likely to lead to a better prognosis. Recent advances in chemotherapeutic agents have led to triple induction chemotherapy, with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (DCF), which has shown promise as an initial induction treatment for cT4 esophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. Remembering the 'unwanted' victims: initiatives to memorialize the National Socialist euthanasia program in Germany.
- Author
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Pearce, Caroline
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NAZIS , *NATIONAL socialism , *COLLECTIVE memory , *CRIME victims , *MURDER - Abstract
Between 1939 and 1945, approximately 200,000 patients were murdered under the National Socialist euthanasia program in Germany and Austria. For many years, these victims were largely excluded from post-war commemorative culture and they are yet to attain legal equality with the victims of political or racial persecution. This article considers recent initiatives to commemorate the victims of euthanasia, focusing on three examples: 1) the national memorial and information point for the victims of National Socialist "euthanasia" killings in Berlin; 2) the web portal http://www.gedenkort-t4.eu" www.gedenkort-t4.eu; and 3) the national competition "Andersartig Gedenken", which invited young Germans to design their own memorial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
197. Multivisceral Resection for Locally Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers-11-Year Experience at a High-Volume North American Center.
- Author
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Molina, J. C., Al-Hinai, A., Gosseling-Tardif, A., Bouchard, P., Spicer, J., Mulder, D., Mueller, C. L., and Ferri, L. E.
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ESOPHAGOGASTRIC junction , *SURGICAL complications , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DISEASES , *ESOPHAGEAL surgery , *CARCINOGENESIS , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *ANTHROPOMETRY , *CANCER relapse , *CANCER invasiveness , *HOSPITALS , *METASTASIS , *STOMACH tumors , *PERITONEUM tumors - Abstract
Introduction: The oncologic benefit of multivisceral en bloc resections for T4 gastroesophageal tumors has been questioned, given the increased morbidity associated. We thus sought to investigate the surgical and oncologic outcomes of curative-intent en bloc multivisceral resections for T4 gastroesophageal carcinomas.Methods: Between 2005 and 2016, 35 of the 525 patients who had gastric or EGJ carcinomas underwent curative-intent multivisceral resections for direct invasion or adhesion to adjacent organs.Results: Postoperative complications occurred in 16(46%), 10 of which were Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 (29%). Ninety-day mortality was 3%. The R0 resection rate was 94% (33). Direct organ invasion (pT4b) was confirmed on pathological analysis in 14 (40%) and did not affect survival. The majority (28, 80%) had lymph node involvement with a high nodal disease burden and was associated with decreased survival. Overall 5-year survival rate was 34%, and the vast majority of recurrences were distant/peritoneal (81%). On multivariate analysis, positive lymph nodes (H.R. 21.2; 95%CI 2.34-192) and R1 resection (H.R. 5.6; 95%CI 1.02-30.9) were predictors of survival.Conclusion: Multivisceral resections for T4 gastric and GEJ adenocarcinomas, in combination with effective systemic therapy, result in prolonged long-term survival with acceptable morbidity. Complete resection to negative margins should remain a mainstay of curative-intent treatment in carefully selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Serum Thyroid Hormones and Cortisol in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure.
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Hussein, Sura Zahim and Ali, Susan Jameel
- Subjects
CHRONIC kidney failure ,THYROID hormones ,HYDROCORTISONE ,THYROID diseases ,KIDNEY failure - Abstract
Background Thyroid hormones are necessary for growth and development of the kidney and for the maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. The effects of hypothyroidism on the kidney are usually opposite to the effects of hyperthyroidism. Patients and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 120 individuals, 50 of these individuals were normal and 70 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients that aged from (18-60) year with no personal history of Hypertensive, Thyroid diseases or Diabetes Mellitus. Serum samples were collected from renal failure patients that admitted to dialysis unit of Tikrit Teaching Hospital from August 2012 to January 2013. The Results :Blood urea, S.Creatinine, S.TSH, S.Cortisol, Potassium and Chloride were increased in CRF, while T3, T4 and Sodium were decreased rather than control. Conclusions: These findings suggest the presence of intrathyroidal and pituitary disturbances associated with uremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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199. T4
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Gressner, Axel M., editor and Arndt, Torsten, editor
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- 2019
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200. Standard Bacteriophage Purification Procedures Cause Loss in Numbers and Activity
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Amanda Carroll-Portillo, Cristina N. Coffman, Matthew G. Varga, Joe Alcock, Sudha B. Singh, and Henry C. Lin
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bacteriophage ,purification ,CsCl ,PEG precipitation ,M13 ,T4 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
For decades, bacteriophage purification has followed structured protocols focused on generating high concentrations of phage in manageable volumes. As research moves toward understanding complex phage populations, purification needs have shifted to maximize the amount of phage while maintaining diversity and activity. The effects of standard phage purification procedures such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradients on both diversity and activity of a phage population are not known. We have examined the effects of PEG precipitation and CsCl density gradients on a number of known phage (M13, T4, and ΦX 174) of varying structure and size, individually and as mixed sample. Measurement of phage numbers and activity throughout the purification process was performed. We demonstrate that these methods, used routinely to generate “pure” phage samples, are in fact detrimental to retention of phage number and activity; even more so in mixed phage samples. As such, minimal amounts of processing are recommended to introduce less bias and maintain more of a phage population.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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