177 results on '"Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad"'
Search Results
152. Effect of Tillage Practice on the Seasonal Dynamics of Ground Spiders.
- Author
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Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, la Butt, Abi, Khan, Shafaat Yar, Bhatti, Muhammad Farooq, and Mukhtar, Muhammad Khalid
- Abstract
The article discusses a study which investigated the effects of tillage activity on the abundance of ground spiders in rice ecosystem in Pakistan. Spiders are known for consuming a wide range of prey species and for preventing economically importance outbreaks. Findings showed no difference in the number of species captured from the tilled and untilled fields. However, lower number of spiders was observed in the tilled field compared to the untilled field. The study indicates that tilled fields support less spiders, which reduces the impact of spiders' biological control in the fields.
- Published
- 2012
153. Effect of Brassica Strips on the Population of Aphids and Arthropod Predators in Wheat Ecosystem.
- Author
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Sherawat, Sher Muhammad, Butt, Abida, and Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad
- Abstract
The article presents a study that investigated the effects of Brassica strip cropping in wheat crop on the population of aphids and its predators in the wheat field. The study covered three different sites in district Sheikhupura, Pakistan and was conducted during cropping session 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. The study revealed difference in number of aphids per tillers among treatments. It showed higher number of aphids per tiller in control wheat plot and lowest in the Brassica strip of 3.65 by 67 meters.
- Published
- 2012
154. Activity Density of Spiders Inhabiting the Citrus Field in Lahore, Pakistan.
- Author
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Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Butt, Abida, Naheed, Rakhshanda, Bilal, Muhammad, and Alam, Imtiaz
- Abstract
The article presents a study on the importance of spiders in the citrus orchards in Lahore, Pakistan. The researchers performed the study at the citrus field of the University of the Punjab, wherein they used pitfall traps to collect the spiders. They brought the spiders gathered in every trapping session to the laboratory, where they were washed with alcohol and stored in a mixture of 20 percent glycerol and 80 percent alcohol. They found the presence of a rich spider fauna at the citrus field of the study area, which can effectively suppress the pest populations.
- Published
- 2011
155. Resource Partitioning among Five Agrobiont Spiders of a Rice Ecosystem.
- Author
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Butt, Abida and Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad
- Subjects
WOLF spiders ,ORB weavers ,BIOTIC communities ,ANIMAL species - Abstract
The article presents a study that investigated the possible factors responsible for the coexistence of three hunting spiders and two orb web spiders in a rice ecosystem of central Punjab, Pakistan. The authors of the study selected two plots, 400 square meters each, in a monoculture area of Sheikupura District in Punjab. Pitfall trap and a suction device were used to record the density of spiders during the study. The authors also discovered different active density of all spider species among different trapping sessions. They also found different reproductive period, abundances of young and adults, and prey size.
- Published
- 2010
156. Relationship of Web Characteristics and Body Measures of Leucauge decorata (Araneae: Tetragnathidae).
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Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Butt, Abida, and Alam, Imtiaz
- Abstract
The article discusses a study aimed at recording the web characteristics and type of prey caught in webs of L. decorata, relationship of prey and predator size and the relationship between body measures of L. decorata to its various web characteristics and in helping evaluate the role of L. decorata as biological control agent for pests in agro-ecosystems. The experiment was conducted in September 2007 and 2008 at a basmati rice field in the village of Kirka in the district of Lahore, Pakistan. It concludes that L. decorata constructs webs of various sizes and at various heights but maintains the basic web architecture always.
- Published
- 2010
157. Effects of Different Management Practices and Field Margin's on the Abundance of Ground Spiders in Rice Ecosystems.
- Author
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Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad and Butt, Abida
- Abstract
The article presents a study on the various management practices and field margins of spiders in agroecosystems and other terrestrial ecosystems in Punjab, Pakistan. The study is designed to examine the impact of various management practices and field margins on the quantity pattern of spiders in rice ecosystems. The study focuses on four major areas such as reduced input field (RIF), organic field (ORF), herbicide treated field (HFT) and tilled field (TLF). After a thorough examination, canonical observation analysis depicts that active density of majority spider species are connected with ORF and RIF and with 0 meter distance field margin.
- Published
- 2009
158. The Association of Some Heavy Metals With Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Author
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Arshad, Muhammad, Riaz, Naila, Bashir, Razia, Irfan, Shazia, Khan, Shafaat Yar, and Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad
- Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of some heavy metals with rheumatoid arthritis. The results indicated that concentration of Cu was significantly lower in the serum of RA +ve patients compared to RA -ve individuals. Non-significant relationship was observed between concentration of Zn, Co, Pb, and Ni with RA +ve patients. Similarly the concentration of these metals had no significant relationship with sex or age of RA +ve patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
159. Susceptibility of Adult Bactocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Commonly Used Chemical Insecticides.
- Author
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Yaqoob, Rabia, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Naseem, Sajida, Ahmed, Kafeel, and Yaqub, Atif
- Abstract
In the present study, susceptibility of field-collected adult Bactocera dorsalis to the insecticides, malathion, trichlorofon and λ-cyhalothrin, at fieldrecommended use rates was investigated in the laboratory. Adult fly mortality was assessed at pre-determined post-treatment time intervals. The exposed B. dorsalis population was found to be susceptible to all tested insecticides. There was no difference in mortality among male and female flies exposed to malathion or trichlorofon; however, λ-cyhalothrin-treated males died, in significantly less time, than the females. The calculated LD50 and LT50 values suggested that malathion was more toxic than trichlorofon and λ-cyhalothrin. The toxicity data suggests that the tested insecticides are effective against B. dorsalis in the field-collected sites and could be economically used in the field for population management of the fruit fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
160. Susceptibility of Wolf Spider, Lycosa terrestris (Araneae: Lycosidae) to Chlorpyrifos.
- Author
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Mustafa, Ata, Butt, Abida, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, and Bilal, Muhammad
- Abstract
The present study was designed to check the effect of chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) on Lycosa terrestris, the most dominant ground spider in the agroecosystem of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose topical and residual bioassay tests were performed. Probate analysis showed that this insecticide is highly toxic for both sexes. The calculated LD
50 values were less than field dose. Results of residual bioassay s showed that this insecticide is highly toxic to spiders even after one month of its exposure. Negative effects of this insecticide not only reduces the biological control potential of L. terrestris but also poses a serious threat to other natural predators of agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
161. Effect of Honey (Apis dorsata [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) on Larval Growth and Silk Cocoon Yield of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).
- Author
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Bhatti, Muhammad Farooq, Azizullah, Shahzadi, Naila, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Ali, Shaukat, Zahid, Muhammad Tariq, and Khurshid, Rizwan
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SILKWORMS ,BRACONIDAE ,COCOONS ,HYMENOPTERA ,APIDAE ,LEPIDOPTERA ,HONEY - Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the influence of 2% aqueous honey (Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793 [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) on larval growth and silk cocoon yield of fifth-instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The larvae of silkworms (Chinese HUAKAND2) were divided into a control and an experimental groups (n = 20 in each group). Control group was fed with plain mulberry leaves throughout the fifth instar, whereas the experimental group was offered mulberry leaves dipped in 2% aqueous solution of honey every other day for 4 d (days 1, 3, 5, and 7). On the other days (days 2, 4, 6, and 8), plain mulberry leaves were offered to larvae. Results showed that the average weight gain in larvae of the experimental group was 348.23 and 204.54% in case of the control group. Uneaten mulberry leaves were weighed; the control group left 34.05% of their leaves and the treated group 28.54%. The cocoon formation in the honey-treated larvae was more uniform in shape than the control group. Furthermore, honey-treated larvae began to form cocoons 7.8 ± 0.23 h earlier than the control group. We also recorded an increase of 15.34% in average weight of cocoons of the experimental group when compared with the control. Average shell percentage of fresh silk cocoons of the control and experimental groups was 20.5 and 23.5%, respectively. It is concluded from the study that 2% aqueous honey has positive impact on the larval growth and cocoon yield of B. mori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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162. Current Status of Pyrethroids Resistance in Aedes aegypti (Culicidae: Diptera) in Lahore District, Pakistan: A Novel Mechanistic Insight
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Nawaz, Saira, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Mahmood, Muhammad Asif, Summer, Muhammad, Ali, Shaukat, Ali, Aamir, and Gormani, Ali Haidar
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- 2021
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163. Management of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) through agronomic practices in Onion field plots
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Khaliq, Abdul, Afzal, Muhammad, Khan, Azhar Abbas, Raza, Abubakar M., Kamran, Muhammad, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, Aqeel, Muhammad Anjum, and Muhammad Irfan Ullah
164. Effect of Chlorpyrifos on the Activities of Non-specific Esterases in Musca domestica L.
- Author
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Naseem, Sajida, Tahir, Hafiz Muhammad, and Yaqoob, Rabia
- Abstract
The present study was undertaken to compare the activities of nonspecific esterases (i.e., a-esterases and (3-esterases) in chiorpyrifos-treated and control groups of Musca domestica. Higher activities of esterases were found in chiorpyrifos-treated flies, both for males and females as compared to the control flies. Higher activities of nonspecific esterases are reliable indicators for the future development of chlorpyrifos resistance in M. domestica in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
165. Analysis of the antimicrobial potential of sericin-coated silver nanoparticles against human pathogens.
- Author
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Mumtaz S, Ali S, Kazmi SAR, Mughal TA, Mumtaz S, Tahir HM, Summer M, Ara C, and Rashid MI
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Silver pharmacology, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Staphylococcus aureus, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Sericins chemistry
- Abstract
The antibacterial activity of synthetic antimicrobial agents is well known, but most of them have several side effects and are effective against selective microbes. Recently, major concern for the microbiologists is to investigate for some stable, non-toxic, cheap, and eco-friendly antimicrobial agents with a wide range of bactericidal potential. A cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternate has been proposed in the form of green synthesized nanoparticles. The Present study was designed to fabricate sericin-coated silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) using sericin as stabilizer and reductant of silver ions and their antibacterial potential was evaluated at various concentrations and temperatures (8, 40, and 50°C). Antimicrobial activities were assessed by the agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of S-AgNPs was measured at different concentrations (1-6 mg/ml) whereas; antifungal activity was tested at 5-20 mg/ml of S-AgNPs. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. These nanoparticles significantly subdued the growth of Clostridium difficile (18.7 ± 0.9 mm), Proteus mirabilis (12.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Bacillus licheniformis (10.7 ± 0.9 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (18.7 ± 2.0 mm), Mucor mycetes (13 .0 ± 1.5 mm), Candida albicans (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Aspergillus niger (10.0 ± 0.6 mm). S-AgNPs were stable at all temperatures and the maximum growth inhibition was found at 8°C for all pathogenic strains. We concluded that the S-AgNPs could be a potential candidate to inhibit the growth of bacterial and fungal pathogens at a wide range of environmental conditions like temperature. In various biomedical applications including antimicrobial and wound dressings, S-AgNPs can be used in the future to treat various bacterial and fungal infections., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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166. Synergistic Effect of Silk Sericin and Curcumin to Treat an Inflammatory Condition.
- Author
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Ashraaf S, Tahir HM, Raza C, Awad EM, Ali S, Khan SY, and Barisani-Asenbauer T
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- Mice, Animals, Carrageenan therapeutic use, Interleukin-10, Lipopolysaccharides therapeutic use, Interleukin-4 therapeutic use, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Edema drug therapy, Inflammation drug therapy, Sericins pharmacology, Sericins therapeutic use, Curcumin pharmacology, Curcumin therapeutic use, Burns drug therapy
- Abstract
Inflammation-related diseases are recognized as the major cause of morbidity around the globe. In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of sericin, curcumin, and their mixture was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Edema was induced via 1% carrageenan and then sericin (0.03, 0.06, 0.09 mg/ml), curcumin (1%, 2%, 3%), and their mixture doses were applied topically. The paw circumference and thickness were measured after 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-hour post-carrageenan injection. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were measured from the serum. In mice fibroblast cells, sericin (20, 40, 60 μg/ml), curcumin (5, 10, 20 μM), and mixture concentrations were applied and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Afterward, the cells were used for the analysis of gene expression, and the supernatant was collected for protein expression of IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10. Our results demonstrated that sericin and curcumin caused a dose-dependent reduction in edema, whereas the mixture-treated group reduced the paw thickness and circumference most significantly (p = .0001). Furthermore, the mixture treatment of carrageenan-inflicted group increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 (650.87 pg/ml) and IL-10 (183.14 pg/ml), in comparison to the carrageenan control. The in vitro data revealed that among all the treatment doses, the mixture-treated group has effectively reduced the gene (1.13-fold) and protein (51.9 pg/ml) expression of IL-1β in comparison to McCoy cells stimulated with LPS. Moreover, mixture treatment elevated the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 at genes (4.3-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively) and protein levels (169.33 and 141.83 pg/ml, respectively). The current study reports the enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of the mixture of curcumin and sericin through modulating expressions of interleukins in vitro and in vivo. Thus, natural products (curcumin and sericin)-based formulations have greater potential for clinical investigations., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
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167. Efficacy of Silk Sericin and Jasminum grandiflorum L. Leaf Extract on Skin Injuries Induced by Burn in Mice.
- Author
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Ahmed AB, Tahir HM, Yousaf MS, Munir F, and Ali S
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Keratinocytes, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Sericins pharmacology, Burns complications, Burns drug therapy, Jasminum, Bombyx
- Abstract
Burns wounds are one of the most health-threatening problems worldwide. Sericin is a natural protein synthesized by the silkworm Bombyx mori L. It is a natural biomaterial that helps in the management of wounds by promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Jasminum grandiflorum L leaves contain high mucilage content and have been used to cure various dermal wounds in ancient times. The present study was aimed to investigate the individual and synergetic effect of sericin and J. grandiflorum leaves extract on burn injury in mice. Ten-week-old mice weighing 22 g ± 5 g were randomly divided into eight groups, each group containing 10 mice. Burn injury in mice was induced by using a hot metal rod. Wounds were evaluated morphologically and histologically. In comparison with controls, 4% sericin + jasmine (S + J) expressively improved wound contraction area. Restoration of the epidermis was also faster in S + J 4% group (P ≤ .01) than in other groups. Histopathological analysis also verified the efficacy of the 4% S + J cream. It is concluded that a mixture of sericin and jasmine leaves effectively improved the healing process of skin burns., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
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168. Smilax china root extract as a novel Glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Author
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Kanwal L, Ali S, Rasul A, and Tahir HM
- Abstract
A novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment is to target altered tumor metabolism. Glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has been recently discovered to be implicated in apoptosis and angiogenesis, making it an excellent target in cancer treatment. The current study aimed to screen the plant extracts library to find potent hits against G6PD through enzymatic assay. Protein expression was induced by IPTG and purified using Ni-NTA columns after transformation of the pET-24a-HmG6PD plasmid into E. coli BL21-DE3 strain. An enzymatic assay was established by using purified rG6PD protein, for the screening of G6PD inhibitors. Out of 46 plant extracts screened, the sixteen plant extracts have shown inhibitory activity against the G6PD enzyme. At doses from 1 to 4 µg/ml, this extract demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of G6PD with an IC
50 value of I.397 µg/ml. Moreover, the anticancer activity evaluation against HepG2 cells determined Smilax china as a potent inhibitor of cancer cells (IC50 value of 16.017 μg/ml). The acute and subacute toxicities were not observed in mice with various concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 2000 mg/kg). Furthermore, to identify the compounds from Smilax china as G6PD inhibitors, a literature-based phytochemical investigation of Smilax china was conducted, and sixty compounds were docked against the NADP+ and G6P binding sites of G6PD. The results of this study showed that three compounds were Scirpusin A, Smilachinin and Daucosterol with MolDock Score of -156.832, -148.215, and -145.733 respectively, against NADP+ binding site of G6PD. Conclusively, Smilax china root extract could be a safer drug candidate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)- Published
- 2022
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169. A DNA barcode survey of insect biodiversity in Pakistan.
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Ashfaq M, Khan AM, Rasool A, Akhtar S, Nazir N, Ahmed N, Manzoor F, Sones J, Perez K, Sarwar G, Khan AA, Akhter M, Saeed S, Sultana R, Tahir HM, Rafi MA, Iftikhar R, Naseem MT, Masood M, Tufail M, Kumar S, Afzal S, McKeown J, Samejo AA, Khaliq I, D'Souza ML, Mansoor S, and Hebert PDN
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Pakistan, Biodiversity, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic methods, Insecta genetics
- Abstract
Although Pakistan has rich biodiversity, many groups are poorly known, particularly insects. To address this gap, we employed DNA barcoding to survey its insect diversity. Specimens obtained through diverse collecting methods at 1,858 sites across Pakistan from 2010-2019 were examined for sequence variation in the 658 bp barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene. Sequences from nearly 49,000 specimens were assigned to 6,590 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), a proxy for species, and most (88%) also possessed a representative image on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). By coupling morphological inspections with barcode matches on BOLD, every BIN was assigned to an order (19) and most (99.8%) were placed to a family (362). However, just 40% of the BINs were assigned to a genus (1,375) and 21% to a species (1,364). Five orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) accounted for 92% of the specimens and BINs. More than half of the BINs (59%) are so far only known from Pakistan, but others have also been reported from Bangladesh (13%), India (12%), and China (8%). Representing the first DNA barcode survey of the insect fauna in any South Asian country, this study provides the foundation for a complete inventory of the insect fauna in Pakistan while also contributing to the global DNA barcode reference library., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2022 Ashfaq et al.)
- Published
- 2022
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170. Synthesis of Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Author
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Ali NM, Tahir HM, Khan MK, Khan KU, Mazhar B, Chaudhry M, Dar M, and Faiqa S
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- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acacia chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Different plants are used medically and thofese therapeutic plants have great importance for healing contagious wounds. This herbal treatment is actually also a substitute of different antibiotics and having less side effects on intestinal systems of animals. The foremost concern of this study was to observe the antibacterial activity of Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica. Pathogenic bacteria obtained from wound samples and later identified by biochemical and molecular characterization. Methanol (an organic solvent) was used to extract Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica to check their antimicrobial exertion by using agar diffusion method. Different antibiotics such as, ampicillin, oflaxocin, ticarcillin and cefexime, showed their susceptibility toward antibiotics. The zone of inhibitions for antibiotic and plant extracts' antibacterial activity were measured. Pathogenic bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesby molecular characterization. These bacteria showed susceptibility to antibiotics and also the plant extracts. Antibiotic oflaxocin showed maximum activity against these two pathogens (12.25 ± 0.44 and 12.375 ± 0.47) while antibiotic cefixime showed minimum effect (1.25 ± 0.28 and 0.625 ± 0.25). Plant extracts showed significant antibacterial activity with maximum activity (14 ± 0.9 by Acacia nilotica and 12 ± 0.5 by Cinnamum zeylanicum) in 100% solution. It can be concluded thatmethanolic extract of traditional therapeutic plants proved to be a promising source of antimicrobial agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Cinnamum zeylanicum and Acacia nilotica were observed to be competent as antibacterial tool against pathogenic bacterial strains.
- Published
- 2022
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171. Aging and its treatment with vitamin C: a comprehensive mechanistic review.
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Mumtaz S, Ali S, Tahir HM, Kazmi SAR, Shakir HA, Mughal TA, Mumtaz S, Summer M, and Farooq MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Ascorbic Acid metabolism, Free Radical Scavengers pharmacology, Humans, Oxidative Stress physiology, Reactive Oxygen Species, Aging drug effects, Aging physiology, Ascorbic Acid pharmacology
- Abstract
Aging and age-related disorders have become one of the prominent issue of world. Oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species is the most significant cause of aging. The aim of literature compilation was to elucidate the therapeutic effect of vitamin C against oxidative stress. Various mediators with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties might be probable competitors of vitamin C for the improvement of innovative anti-aging treatments. More attention has been paid to vitamin C due to its anti-oxidant property and potentially beneficial biological activities for inhibiting aging.Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant agent and free radical scavenger that can protect the cell from oxidative stress, disorganization of chromatin, telomere attrition, and prolong the lifetime. This review emphasizes mechanism of aging and various biomarkers that are directly related to aging and also focuses on the therapeutic aspect of vitamin C against oxidative stress and age-related disorders., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2021
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172. Evaluation of Cadmium Chloride-Induced Toxicity in Chicks Via Hematological, Biochemical Parameters, and Cadmium Level in Tissues.
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Ali S, Bashir S, Mumtaz S, Shakir HA, Ara C, Ahmad F, Tahir HM, Faheem M, Irfan M, Masih A, Ulhaq M, and Andleeb S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cadmium Chloride toxicity, Chickens, Chlorides, Humans, Cadmium toxicity, Cadmium Poisoning
- Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal and a non-biodegradable environmental contaminant, and its omnipresence ensures its recurrent exposure to humans and animals. Its intake by chicks leads to fatal implications. Cadmium chloride (CdCl
2 ) because of its bio-accumulative nature is an emerging threat to the poultry industry as well as to the humans which consumes these cadmium-intoxicated chickens. In the current study, the target was to elucidate the toxic effects of CdCl2 on body weight, hematological, and biochemical parameters as well as its bioaccumulation in different organs of broiler chicks. Various concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 12, 24, 38, and 48 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to five groups (A, B, C, D, and E) of broiler chicks, respectively. The biometric screening of the exposed birds was carried out by hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total protein, white blood cells (WBC), and hemoglobin (Hb), as well as biochemical parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with commercially available kits. Metal accumulation in different organs was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The compound exposure produced a varied impact on broiler birds. Hematological parameters showed a significant decrease except for WBC. Biochemical parameters also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. However, it was revealed that the body weight of chickens was not affected considerably after CdCl2 exposure. A direct relationship was detected between the accumulation of metal within tissues (lungs, heart, and flesh) and exposure frequency. It can be deduced that an increase in Cd deposition in tissues may lead to an alteration in hematological-biochemical markers which may significantly contribute to systemic toxicity in broilers.- Published
- 2021
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173. Biosynthesis and industrial applications of α-amylase: a review.
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Farooq MA, Ali S, Hassan A, Tahir HM, Mumtaz S, and Mumtaz S
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- Bacteria metabolism, Carbon metabolism, Fermentation, Fungi metabolism, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Industry, Metals, Nitrogen metabolism, Recombinant Proteins biosynthesis, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Temperature, alpha-Amylases genetics, alpha-Amylases metabolism, alpha-Amylases biosynthesis
- Abstract
Amylase is amongst the most indispensable enzymes that have a large number of applications in laboratories and industries. Mostly, α-amylase is synthesized from microbes such as bacteria, fungi and yeast. Due to the high demand for α-amylase, its synthesis can be enhanced using recombinant DNA technology, different fermentation methods, less expensive and good carbon and nitrogen sources, and optimizing the various parameters during fermentation, e.g., temperature, pH and fermentation duration. Various methods are used to measure the production and activity of synthesized α-amylase like iodine, DNS, NS and dextrinizing methods. The activity of crude α-amylase can be elevated to the maximum level by optimizing the temperature and pH. Some metals also interact with α-amylase and increase its activity like K
+ , Na+ , Mg2+ and Ca2+ . Some industries such as starch conversion, food, detergent, paper, textile industries and fuel alcohol production extensively utilize α-amylase for their various purposes.- Published
- 2021
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174. Dose and duration-dependent toxicological evaluation of lead acetate in chicks.
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Hussain S, Ali S, Mumtaz S, Shakir HA, Ahmad F, Tahir HM, Ulhaq M, Khan MA, and Zahid MT
- Subjects
- Acetates, Animals, Erythrocyte Indices, Hematocrit, Chickens, Lead
- Abstract
Lead is one of the utmost contaminated and dangerous heavy metals. This toxicant ultimately enters into the human body through the food chain and accumulated in the body because the animal/human body has not an appropriate mechanism to excrete it from the body. The main objective of the present research was to assess the toxicological effects of lead on body weights, biochemical, and hematological parameters of chickens and also to measure its bioaccumulation in the brain. Lead acetate was administrated orally at doses of 0, 71, 142, 213, and 284 mg/kg of body weight of chicken for groups A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Along with determination of biometry of all experimental chicks, hematological [hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), white blood cells (WBCs), leukocyte differential count (LDC)] and biochemical [low density lipoprotein (LDL), total protein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] parameters were measured. The present study showed that the bodyweight of chickens was not affected significantly by lead acetate exposure. The levels of MCHC, PCV, TEC, Hb, LDL, HDL, and total protein were found to be significantly decreased while WBC, LDC, and ALT profile were enhanced due to administration of lead acetate. Bioaccumulation of lead acetate was found to be higher in the brain. We conclude that the chronic administration of lead acetate affected the blood and biochemical profile of exposed chicken. These effects might be due to the accumulation of the chemical in certain vital organ(s). However, further studies in the future are suggested to refine such findings.
- Published
- 2020
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175. Toxicological effects of toxic metals (cadmium and mercury) on blood and the thyroid gland and pharmacological intervention by vitamin C in rabbits.
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Khan R, Ali S, Mumtaz S, Andleeb S, Ulhaq M, Tahir HM, Khan MKA, Khan MA, and Shakir HA
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- Animals, Body Weight drug effects, Cadmium metabolism, Heavy Metal Poisoning, Hemoglobins analysis, Kidney drug effects, Kidney metabolism, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Mercury metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Rabbits, Thyroid Gland metabolism, Antioxidants pharmacology, Ascorbic Acid pharmacology, Cadmium toxicity, Mercury toxicity, Thyroid Gland drug effects, Thyroid Hormones blood, Thyrotropin blood
- Abstract
Cadmium and mercury are non-biodegradable toxic metals that may cause many detrimental effects to the thyroid gland and blood. Vitamin C has been found to be a significant chain-breaking antioxidant and enzyme co-factor against metal toxicity and thus make them less available for animals. The current study was performed to find the effect of individual metals (cadmium and mercury), their co-administration, and the ameliorative effects of vitamin C on some of the parameters that indicate oxidative stress and thyroid dysfunction. Cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/kg), mercuric chloride (1.2 mg/kg), and vitamin C (150 mg/kg of body weight) were orally administered to eight treatment groups of the rabbits (1. control; 2. Vit C; 3. CdCl
2 ; 4. HgCl2 ; 5. Vit C + CdCl2 ; 6. Vit C + HgCl2 ; 7. CdCl2 + HgCl2 , and 8. Vit C + CdCl2 + HgCl2 ). After the biometric measurements of all experimental rabbits, biochemical parameters viz. triidothyronine (T3 ), thyroxine (T4 ), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and triglycerides were measured using commercially available kits. The results exhibited significant decline (p < 0.05) in mean hemoglobin, corpuscular hemoglobin, packed cell volume, T3 (0.4 ± 0.0 ng/ml), and T4 (26.3 ± 1.6 ng/ml) concentration. While, TSH (0.23 ± 0.01 nmol/l) and triglyceride (4.42 ± 0.18 nmol/l) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased but chemo-treatment with Vit C reduces the effects of Cd, Hg, and their co-administration but not regained the values similar to those of controls. This indicates that Vit C had a shielding effect on the possible metal toxicity. The Cd and Hg also found to accumulate in vital organs when measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metal concentration trend was observed as follows: kidney > liver > heart > lungs. It was concluded that Cd and Hg are toxic and tended to bioaccumulate in different organs and their toxic action can be subdued by vitamin C in biological systems.- Published
- 2019
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176. Identification of virulence factors in contact lens associated bacteria: A physiological approach.
- Author
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Liaqat I, Saleem QU, Tahir HM, Arshad M, and Arshad N
- Subjects
- Bacteria genetics, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Biofilms growth & development, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Equipment Contamination, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacterial Adhesion physiology, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic microbiology, Virulence Factors metabolism
- Abstract
Purpose: Wearing contact lens requires awareness about possible contaminants, the causative agents of multiple complications. The present study focused on identification of potential pathogens and presence of virulence associated markers in contact lens associated bacteria., Methods: Bacterial contaminants were isolated from contact lenses or cleaning solutions collected from University students. Isolates were identified using conventional methods followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and screened for the presence of virulence factors which included capsular presence, adhesion, serum resistance, iron chelation, haemagglutination and hemolysis. Moreover, antibiotic resistance profile was also monitored., Results: Contamination was observed in 79% (45 of 57) of lenses. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing Bacillus sp. was found to be most abundant (26%). The presence of at least three pathogenic characteristics was recorded in 75.8% isolates. Among the pathogenic characteristics, capsule presence was found to be the most prevalent character (73%) followed by hemolysin production (65%), serum resistance (61%), haemagglutination (56%), iron chelation (50%) and polystyrene adherence (42%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was recorded in 66.13% isolates. Cluster analysis on the basis of virulence markers separated all isolates in two groups. Potential pathogens and non-pathogens were found to be equally frequent among contaminants of contact lens cases., Conclusion: The present work provides evidence that pathogenic bacteria can adhere and survive in contact lens or lens solution. It highlights the need for the development of new methods to protect contact lenses and lens care accessories. Drugs targeting capsule formation may offer a good option for treatment or use in cleaning solution., (Copyright © 2018 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. Renal toxicity of heavy metals (cadmium and mercury) and their amelioration with ascorbic acid in rabbits.
- Author
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Ali S, Hussain S, Khan R, Mumtaz S, Ashraf N, Andleeb S, Shakir HA, Tahir HM, Khan MKA, and Ulhaq M
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Alkaline Phosphatase blood, Animals, Antioxidants pharmacology, Cadmium pharmacokinetics, Cadmium toxicity, Cadmium Chloride administration & dosage, Creatinine blood, Cystatin C blood, Environmental Pollutants pharmacokinetics, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Kidney metabolism, Mercuric Chloride administration & dosage, Mercury pharmacokinetics, Mercury toxicity, Protective Agents pharmacology, Rabbits, Uric Acid blood, Ascorbic Acid pharmacology, Cadmium Chloride toxicity, Kidney drug effects, Mercuric Chloride toxicity
- Abstract
Cadmium and mercury are among the most toxic and dangerous environmental pollutants that may cause fatal implications. Vitamin C is an important chain-breaking antioxidant and enzyme co-factor against heavy metals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, and their co-administration on biochemical parameters of blood serum and metal bioaccumulation in kidneys and also to elucidate the protective effect of vitamin C in rabbits against these metals. In the current research, cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/kg), mercuric chloride(1.2 mg/kg), and vitamin C (150 mg/kg of body weight) were orally administered to eight treatment groups of the rabbits (1, control; 2, vitamin; 3, CdCl
2 ; 4, HgCl2 ; 5, vitamin + CdCl2 ; 6, vitamin + HgCl2 ; 7, CdCl2 + HgCl2 , and 8, vitamin + CdCl2 + HgCl2 ). After the biometric measurements of all experimental rabbits, biochemical parameters viz. creatinine, cystatin C, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and metal bioaccumulation were determined using commercially available kits and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. The levels of creatinine (28.3 ± 1.1 μmol/l), cystatin C (1932.5 ± 38.5 ηg/ml), uric acid (4.8 ± 0.1 mg/day), and ALP (51.6 ± 1.1 IU/l) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased due to administration of mercuric chloride but in the presence of vitamin C, the effects of mercuric chloride on creatinine (21.9 ± 1.4 μmol/l), cystatin C (1676.2 ± 42.2 ηg/ml), uric acid (3.9 ± 0.1 mg/day), and ALP (43.3 ± 0.8 IU/l) were less as compared to metal-exposed specimens. Similar results were found in rabbits treated with cadmium chloride and vitamin C and also with co-administration of both metals and vitamin C. Because of the bio-accumulative nature of cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride, these metals were accumulated in kidneys of rabbits, which might lead to deleterious effects. The results of the present study provide an insight into the toxicity of the cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, and/or their combination on biochemical parameters as well as kidneys of the rabbits and the ameliorating potential of vitamin C against these metals is also evaluated.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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