Search

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will provide exceptional high instantaneous and integrated luminosity. The forward region $\mid \eta \mid \geq 1.5$ of the CMS detector will face extremely high particle rates in tens of $KHz/cm^{2}$ and hence it will affect the momentum resolution and longevity of the muon detectors. To overcome these issues the CMS collaboration has decided to install new large size rate capable Triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in the forward region of CMS muon system. The first set of Triple GEM detectors will be installed in the GE1/1 region $(1.5 \leq \eta \leq 2.2)$ of muon endcap during the LS2 of the LHC and the next one will be installed in the GE2/1 region $(1.6 \leq \eta \leq 2.5)$, during the LS3. Towards this goal, full-size CMS Triple GEM prototype chambers have been fabricated and put under the test beam at the CERN SPS test beam facility. The GEM detectors were operated with two gas mixtures $Ar/CO_{2}$ (70/30) and $Ar/CO_{2}/CF_{4}$ (40/15/45). In 2014 and 2016, good quality data was collected during test beam campaigns. In this talk, the performance of the detectors will be summarised based on their tracking efficiency, time resolution, space resolution, cluster size, etc.

The redesigned readout chip (ROC) is a key component of the Phase I Pixel Detector Upgrade, and its functionality, operational reliability, and performance are of paramount importance. The characteristics of every design iteration of the chip have been thoroughly tested at the DESY-II Test Beam Facility using the Datura beam telescope as tracking reference. The tests provided valuable feedback to the chip designers and allowed to promptly identify design flaws and unexpected issues which were subsequently corrected for the final chip revision.

In this thesis, we present two inclusive searches for supersymmetric particles at 8 and 13 TeV using the razor variables and guided by the principle of naturalness. We build a framework to explore the natural supersymmetry parameter space of gluino and top squark masses and branching ratios, which is a unique attempt to cover this parameter space in a more complete way than ever before using LHC data. With this approach, the production of top squarks and gluinos are excluded below 700 GeV and 1.6 TeV, respectively, independent of the branching ratios, constituting one of the tightest constraints on natural supersymmetry from the LHC. Motivated by the need to mitigate the effects of multiple interactions per bunch crossing (pileup), an essential feature of present and future hadron colliders, in this thesis we also study the precision timing capabilities of a LYSO-based sampling calorimeter, and achieve a time resolution of 30 ps in electron test beam measurements. The achieved resolution corresponds to the precision needed to significantly reduce the inclusion of pileup particles in the reconstruction of the event of interest. This study is foundational in building an R and D program on precision timing for the high-luminosity LHC and other future hadron colliders. We also propose alternative simplified models to study Higgs-plus-jets events at the LHC, and reinterpret an excess observed at 8 TeV in the context of these models. Finally, we discuss a search for narrow resonances in the dijet mass spectrum at 13 TeV using the data-scouting technique at CMS, which records a smaller event format to increase the maximum recordable rate. For the benchmark models with a vector or axial-vector mediator that couples to quarks and dark matter particles, the dijet search excludes mediator masses from 0.5 TeV up to 2.7 TeV largely independent of the dark matter particle mass, which constitutes a larger exclusion than traditional mono-X searches at the LHC. In the plane of the dark matter-nucleon interaction cross section versus dark matter mass, the dijet search is also more sensitive than direct detection experiments for spin-dependent cross sections.

It is well known that temperature has great influence on modal characteristics of bridges. The relationship between them has been studied by using statistical mathematics, numerical analysis, and field’s monitoring methods, which have relatively narrow applicability. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze their relationship theoretically. In this paper, the relationship between temperature and modal characteristics of the simply supported beam is investigated based on theoretical calculation method. Firstly, the temperature field is analyzed to find out the main factors that lead to the changes of modal characteristics. Secondly, the dynamic equations of simply supported beam under the effect of temperature are established. Next, a test beam is constructed to validate the proposed calculation method experimentally. The calculated results are in good agreement with those from the experiment. Finally, the proposed method is successfully applied to real engineering.

A finite element model is proposed for numerical analysis of mechanical properties of precast segmental concrete test beam with external tendons. The 3D finite element model of test beam is established by SOLID65 element in ANSYS software, while the dry joint between segments is simulated by contact element, and the attachment between concrete beam and external prestressed tendons is achieved by node coupling method. Numerical simulation analysis reveals structural behavior, stress variations and crack opening cases of joints of the test beam by considering the concrete material and geometric nonlinearity. Influencing factors of the bending mechanical properties of the test beam are researched with different tendon types, secondary effect of external tendons and external tendon slip at deviation. Results of the numerical analysis reveal that the segmental joints are in the compressive state below the 300kN.Crack opening is the key factor of the mechanical properties of the test beam above the 300kN.The results can be used for structural design of precast segmental bridge.

Towards the end of LHC Run1, gas leaks were observed in some parts of the Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) of ATLAS. Due to these leaks, primary Xenon based gas mixture was replaced with Argon based mixture in various parts. Test-beam studies with a dedicated Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) prototype were carried out in 2015 in order to understand transition radiation performance with mixtures based on Argon and Krypton. We present and discuss the results of these test-beam studies with different active gas compositions., 5 pages,12 figures, The 2nd International Conference on Particle Physics and Astrophysics (ICPPA-2016); Acknowledgments section corrected

A novel method for optical beam collimation measurement is presented. The collimating lens is utilized in four parts of quadrants with the beam aligned onto the first quadrant and configured to pass the subsequent quadrants. This allows the test beam to pass the collimating lens for four times. Subsequently, the test beam is reversed to achieve a total number of eight passes. Hence, for a defocus introduced, the collimation state of the test beam can be evaluated at the amplification of eight. The evaluation of the test beam is performed based on the approach of collimation testing using lateral shearing interferometer. The proposed technique provides a differential collimation sensitivity for accurate setting of a highly collimated beam.

This Technical Memorandum summarizes the Fermilab accelerator and experiment operations for FY 2016. It is one of a series of annual publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the FY 2016 NOvA, MINOS+ and MINERvA experiments using the Main Injector Neutrino Beam (NuMI), the MicroBooNE experiment and the activities in the SciBooNE Hall using the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), and the SeaQuest experiment, LArIAT experiment and Meson Test Beam activities in the 120 GeV external switchyard beam (SY120). Each section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was then edited for inclusion in this summary.

The intensities and profiles of the muon beam behind the beam dump of the Fermilab test beam area when the facility is running in the "pion" beam mode are measured and summarized in this note. This muon beam with momenta in the range 10 - 50 GeV/c provides an opportunity to perform various measurements in parallel with other users of the test beam area.

[EN] The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is an electron-positron collider conceived for the study of High-Energy Physics in the TeV center of mass energy region, is based on a two-beam operation principle: instead of using active elements (klystrons), the necessary RF power to accelerate the Main Beam (MB) is obtained from the deceleration of a high-current, moderate energy Drive Beam (DB) in the so-called Power Extraction and Transfer Structures (PETS). These structures emit an RF signal of about 130 MW power at 12 GHz. As this frequency is above the cut-o ff frequency of the fundamental mode for the specified beam pipe dimensions (7.6 GHz), the inference propagates from the PETS to the neighboring devices, including the Beam Position Monitors (BPM). According to the CLIC Conceptual Design Report (CDR), an ef ficient beam position monitoring system for the CLIC DB decelerator needs to meet the following requirements: - It should be as simple and economic as possible, as 41580 units are required, amounting to 75% of all CLIC BPMs. - The signal processing scheme should not be a ffected by the PETS interference. This rules out processing the signals at the beam bunching frequency (12 GHz). - The resulting position signal should detect changes in the beam position whose duration is 10 ns or longer. - The required spatial resolution is 2 um for a 23 mm diameter vacuum pipe. - Wide dynamic range: the electronic acquisition system must be able to process signals with extreme levels, induced by either very high (100 A) or very low (3 A) current beams. This PhD thesis describes the electromagnetic and mechanical design of the first prototype BPM developed for the CLIC Drive Beam and its characterization tests in laboratory and with beam. The first two chapters introduce the CLIC project and review the state-of-the-art beam position monitoring techniques. Chapter 3 presents the design of the BPM. The stripline technology has been selected, as it is the only one among the most commonly used BPM techniques to present a suitable frequency response to filter out the RF interference caused by the PETS. Choosing an appropriate length for the electrodes, it is possible to tune one the periodic notches in the stripline frequency response to 12 GHz. The influence of di erent electromagnetic and geometrical aspects is also studied, such as beam coupling impedance or the ratio between longitudinal and transverse dimensions. The design of the electronic acquisition system is presented in Chapter 4, considering the project requirements in terms of resolution (2 u m), accuracy (20 um) and time resolution (10 ns). Due to the high amount of units required, the number of electronics components has been minimized. As the designed signal processing scheme is based on charge integration, it can be adapted to di erent stripline pick-ups by simply modifying the attenuator settings according to the required output signal levels. The laboratory characterization tests of the prototype stripline BPM, in the low and the high frequency ranges, performed with a thin wire and a coaxial waveguide, respectively, are described in Chapter 5. The measurement results are compared with the theoretical estimation and the electromagnetic field simulations. In addition, the high-frequency test reveals that the first prototype stripline BPM does not provide su cient suppression of the 12 GHz PETS RF interference. An additional study proposed several modifications and guidelines for a second prototype stripline BPM. Finally, Chapter 6 presents the beam tests of the prototype stripline BPM at the CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) in the Test Beam Line (TBL), a scaled version of the CLIC Drive Beam decelerator. Two types of tests were performed: linearity/sensivity and resolution. These results are compared to the ones in the laboratory characterization tests. An upper bound of the resolution is estimated performing a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis., [ES] El Colisionador Lineal Compacto (Compact Linear Collider, CLIC), un colisionador de electrones y positrones concebido en el CERN para el estudio de la Física de Altas Energías en la región de los TeV, se basa en un principio de funcionamiento de doble haz: en lugar de emplear elementos activos (klystrons) para proporcionar la potencia RF requerida para acelerar el haz principal (Main Beam, MB), ésta se obtiene de la deceleración de un haz secundario (Drive Beam, DB), de alta corriente y energía moderada, en las llamadas estructuras de extracción y transferencia de potencia (Power Extraction and Transfer Structures, PETS). Estas estructuras emiten una señal interferente RF de más de 130 MW de potencia a 12 GHz, que, por estar localizada en una frecuencia superior a la de corte del modo fundamental en el tubo de vacío del haz (7.6 GHz), se propaga por éste hacia los dispositivos adyacentes, entre los cuales se encuentran los sistemas de monitorización de la posición (Beam Position Monitor, BPM). De acuerdo con el informe conceptual de diseño de CLIC (Conceptual Design Report, CDR) , un sistema eficiente de monitorización de la posición del haz en el decelerador del haz secundario deberá cumplir los siguientes requisitos: - Debe ser lo más sencillo y económico posible, ya que se precisan 41580 unidades: el 75% de todos los BPMs de CLIC. - El procesado de señal en el sistema de adquisición deberá ser inmune a la interferencia generada en las PETS. Esto excluye la solución habitual de procesar las señales del BPM a la frecuencia de pulsado del haz (12 GHz). - La señal de posición resultante del procesado debe ser capaz de detectar cambios en la posición del haz de duración igual o mayor a 10 ns (resolución temporal). - La resolución espacial requerida es de 2 um para un tubo de vacío de 23 mm de diámetro, con una calibración precisa. - Amplio rango dinámico: el sistema electrónico de adquisición del BPM debe poder resistir los altos valores de señal provocados por los casos de desviación extrema del haz nominal (se contempla una desviación máxima de la mitad del radio del tubo), así como detectar las señales inducidas por las configuraciones de haz con menor carga de todas las previstas, cuyos niveles serán muy débiles., [CAT] El Col·lisionador Lineal Compacte (Compact Linear Collider, CLIC), un col·lisionador d'electrons i positrons concebut per l'estudi de la Física d'Altes Energies a la regió dels TeV (energía del centre de massa), es basa en un principi de funcionament de doble feix:en lloc de fer servir elements actius (klystrons) per proporcionar la potència RF requerida per accelerar el feix principal (Main Beam, MB), aquesta s'obtè de la desacceleració d'un feix secundari (Drive Beam, DB), d'alt corrent i energia moderada, a les anomenades estructures d'extracció i transferència de potència (Power Extraction and Transfer Structures, PETS). Aquestes estructures emeten una senyal interferent RF de més de 130 MW de potència a 12 GHz, que, pel fet d'estar localitzada a una freqüència superior a la de tall del mode fonamental al tub de buit del feix (7.6 GHz), es propaga a través d'aquest fins els dispositius adjacents, entre els quals trobem els sistemes de monitorització de la posició (Beam Position Monitor, BPM). D'acord amb l'informe conceptual de disseny de CLIC (Conceptual Design Report, CDR), un sistema eficient de monitorització de la posició del feix al desaccelerador del feix secundari haurà de complir els següents requisits: ¿ - Ha de ser el més senzill i econòmic possible, ja que es necessiten 41580 unitats: el 75% de tots els BPMs de CLIC. ¿ - El processat de la senyal al sistema d'adquisició haurà de ser inmune a la interferència generada als PETS. Això exclou la solució habitual de processar les senyals del BPM a la freqüència de pulsacions del feix (12 GHz). ¿- La senyal de posició resultant del processat ha de ser capaç de detectar canvis a la posició del feix de durada igual o més gran que 10 ns (resolució temporal). ¿- La resolució espaial necessària és de 2 um per a un tub de buit de 23 mm de diàmetre. ¿- Ampli rang dinàmic: el sistema electrònic d'adquisició del BPM ha de poder processar senyals amb nivells extrems, induïdes per feixos de molt alt (100 A) i molt baix (3 A) corrent., Benot Morell, A. (2016). BEAM POSITION MONITORING IN THE CLIC DRIVE BEAM DECELERATOR USING STRIPLINE TECHNOLOGY [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. doi:10.4995/Thesis/10251/64067., TESIS

We present results of the development and experimental study of the preshower detector prototypes for LHCb experiment in the test beam of SPS accelerator (CERN). The preshower detector consists of two identical layers of scintillator pads and a layer of lead converter in between. The light from pads is readout by means of wave-length shifting fiber coiled and glued inside a circular groove in the scintillator body. The study of prototypes allowed performing an optimal choice of the light collection and mechanical design of the preshower detector modules.

The NA62 experiment at CERN SPS aims at measuring-100 events of the very rare decay K + →π + ννˉ (BR∼8.5xlO∼ 10 ). It poses stringent requirements on PID capabilities to reject the overwhelming π + π 0 (63%) and Kμ 2 (21%) backgrounds. The photon veto system must provide a rejection factor of 10∼ 8 on π 0 decays. As a main γ veto detector, the NA48 liquid Kripton calorimeter will be used. To have full geometrical acceptance up to 50 mr, a set of 12 veto stations should be placed along the vacuum decay tank, with an inefficiency 4 in a wide energy range (200 MeV-35 GeV). Good energy resolution (∼10% at 1 GeV) for threshold definition, good time resolution (∼1 ns) to be used at the trigger level, sensitivity to MIP for calibration with muons of the beam halo are needed. A moderate segmentation in the azimuthal angle is desirable, for reducing the counting rate and providing information on the γ direction. We performed an intense R&D program on three solutions: “spaghetti” calorimeter, lead/scintillator sandwich calorimeter, and original re-use of the existing barrel of the OPAL lead-glass e.m. calorimeter. Studies have been performed at the Frascati BTF beam and all three meet the efficiency requirements. The final choice uses a peculiar radial arrangement of lead-glasses in rings. Front-end electronics has been designed to cover the tree orders of magnitude of the signal, contributing to the trigger, and integrated in the general TDAQ, while keeping low cost and simplicity. The first five full veto stations have been constructed. Two tests have been done and problems found fixed. We will discuss about R&D for the technology choice, LAV construction, test beams results and simulation performance.

Two plastic scintillating fiber position detectors for charged particles have been designed, built and installed inside the vacuum tube near two sides of the DM2 deflection magnet on the E3 beam line of the test beam facility at the BEPC-LINAC. A one-dimensional position resolution of similar to 1 mm with a sensitive area of 60 mm x60 mm has been obtained for this detector.

The large Digital Hadron Calorimeter (DHCAL) prototype was constructed and has been tested in several test beam campaigns in the FTBF test beam in Fermilab since October 2010. The active medium is Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) and the readout is segmented into 1 x 1 cm 2 pads, each with a single bit resolution, resulting in about 0.5 million readout channels in less than 2 m 3 of detector volume. In this paper we report on results from a first look at the DHCAL data to assess the calorimetric properties of the DHCAL. We present preliminary results from the analysis of both positron and pion events of momenta between 2 and 60 GeV/c. These results are considered to be a first validation of the viability of the DHCAL concept.

This calorimetry R&D focuses on establishing a proof of concept for totally active hadron calorimetry. The research program involves evaluating the performance of the different crystal and glass samples in combination with different light collection and readout alternatives to optimize simultaneous collection of Cerenkov and scintillation light components for application of the Dual Readout technique to total absorption calorimetry. We performed initial studies in two short test beam phases in April and November 2010 at Fermilab. Here we present first measurements from these two beam tests.

The Digital Hadron Calorimeter (DHCAL) is a large prototype of an imaging calorimeter using Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active media. The readout is segmented into 1×1 cm2 pads, each with a single bit resolution, hence the denomination of digital. The total channel count is close to 500,000. The DHCAL construction and assembly was completed in fall 2010, followed by a series of test beam campaigns in the FTBF test beam at Fermilab. In this paper we report on the analysis of events collected with the broadband muon beam. These events are utilized to geometrically align the layers horizontally and vertically, to establish the response as function of position on a single readout pad, and to measure the performance characteristics of the RPCs, i.e. the efficiency and average pad multiplicity. The latter were measured in both ‘clean’ regions of the detector, i.e. away from structures such as the rims of the chambers, and as function of position on the entire vertical plane. In addition, the paper reviews the preliminary measurements of the noise rate in the detector.

This paper presents the results of an experimental program for a novel composite beam of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) truss with diagonal web members. This paper investigated the static performance and failure modes of the composite beam. Load-deformation relationships and deflection regulation of the test beam were obtained and its performance was evaluated in terms of its stiffness and bearing capacity. The strain distribution within critical components was also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the composite beam of CFST truss with diagonal web members has high strength and ductility performance. It markedly improves the stiffness and strength of the composite beam of CFST truss with straight web members

We present two methods to improve the reconstruction of particle tracks by explicit estimates of the amount of material passed by the tracks. The first one is based on a linearized least-squares estimator, the second one on the combination of a forward and a backward Kalman filter. Our simulation studies show that it is possible to obtain a chi-square distribution that is indistinguishable from the one using the true material information. One of the methods has been validated using test beam data. Results of this validation are presented.

A thermal light correlated longitudinal imaging experiment is proposed. The quasi-thermal light beam is split into two beams, a test beam and a reference beam, respectively. The light in the test beam is scattered by two amplitude objects with a specific longitudinal distance between them, while the light of the reference beam travels uninterrupted. At the end of the test and reference beams, two charge-coupled detectors (CCDs) are used to measure the intensity of the optical field. Through intensity correlation measurement the images of the two detected objects can be achieved simultaneously, only if the distance between the objects is less than the longitudinal coherent length. The theoretical analysis shows that the longitudinal coherent length is determined by both the transverse size of the incoherent thermal light source and the length of the optical path. The quality of the correlated images of the two objects is improved greatly by making use of the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and the proposed variant random orthogonal matching pursuit (Random-OMP) algorithms. The experimental results show that the Random-OMP algorithm is more effective than the OMP algorithm for increasing both the visibility and continuity of the images. The experimental scenario can mimic an optical tomography imaging system, and the two objects with longitudinal distance can be taken as the two transverse layers of a three-dimensional object. The proposed Random-OMP algorithm is effective for improving the quality of the tomography image and has potential value in optical tomography imaging technology using incoherent light sources.

We present a study of the signal produced by charged pions of energies ranging between 20 and 350 GeV in modules of ATLAS tile calorimeter. The results from test beam data are compared to the predictions of different Monte Carlo simulations (Geant4 and Fluka). The goal is to assess in a quantitative way how well different Monte Carlo codes can reproduce the distribution of visible energy in the calorimeter and the details of the hadronic shower.

TPC stand alone simulations based on different energy loss models are compared to previously reported measurements with an ALICE TPC prototype. The performance obtained from simulations is shown to depend significantly on all the included detector effects stressing that energy loss model calculations alone are inadequate for describing the performance. When all effects are included, a good quantitative description of both the specific energy loss and the space point resolution can be obtained from all models. This shows that the TPC description in the official ALICE TPC simulation is in agreement with the measured test beam data.

The instrumentation of the very forward region of the ILC detectors is challenging. At lowest polar angles a beam calorimeter, BeamCal, is foreseen. The main tasks of BeamCal are efficient detection of high energetic particles at lowest angles as well as monitoring of the beam collisions. A large background of electron-positron pairs generated by beamstrahlung leads to an energy deposition of 10-20 TeV per bunch crossing in BeamCal. This corresponds locally to doses up to 10 MGy per year of electromagnetic radiation. BeamCal is a compact sandwich calorimeter. Tungsten is the absorber and polycrystalline CVD diamond is under study as the sensor material to allow the operation in this harsh radiation environment. The pCVD diamond sensors under investigation are from different manufacturers fabricated usually on 4 inch wafers. We study the charge collection efficiencies of the diamond sensors as function of the applied electric field and of the absorbed dose. In our application the homogeneity and linearity of the response are of critical importance. In a first test beam period we investigated the linearity of the response of different diamond sensors up to particle fluences of 107 MIP/(cm2 times 10 ns). In a second test beam a high intensity beam of 10 MeV electrons was used to irradiate the diamond sensors and to investigate the behavior of the charge collection efficiency up to doses of several MGy.

A glulam strength model where the bending strength depends both on the board tensile strength and the finger joint tensile strength is a completely transparent model being particularly suitable to determine requirements for the board and for the finger joint tensile strength of glulam made of both visually or mechanically strength graded boards. This article describes the application of these principles to an alternative and new strength model for spruce glulam. In order to determine the influence of the board and finger joint strength on glulam bending strength a numerical study was performed by means of simulated glulam beams. According to the findings current requirements for boards and finger joints are insufficient to ensure the nominal strength values of glulam strength classes established in EN 1194.

Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) is a new generation of gas detector with good timing and spacial resolution, whose technique is widely applied in some recent high energy (nuclear) physics experiments. In this letter, we report a long-strip two-end readout MRPC and its test beam performance. The measurements show that the long-strip performs a transmission line characteristic and the impedance is independent of the length of strip. The MRPC module we developed is presented to gain a timing resolution of ~80 ps and a spacial resolution of ~6.4 mm. The possible application of the MRPC is also discussed.

We constructed an ionization chamber (IQ to test the absolute intensity of the BEPC-LINAC (Beijing Electron Positron Collider-Linear Accelerator) test beam. The IC was adapted for the 1.89 GeV high-energy electron beam, with pulse time width of 1.2 ns and frequency of 25 Hz, by equipping it with a double-mode readout and choosing the optimum circuit parameters for the readout modes. The measured absolute intensity of the test beam is 7.2 x 10(9) electron/s, and is consistent with PSPICE simulations. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We develop an empirical formula to parameterize the 3-dimension (3D) distribution of electromagnetic showers in the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer II electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL). The formula was verified by ECAL test beam data in 2002 and found to perform well. The distribution of electron showers in the ECAL are well described by the formula, which has parameters that allow one to determine the 3D shape of electromagnetic showers in the ECAL. We use this formula to correct for lateral energy leakage and dead channels in the ECAL; good results are obtained.

The MuPix7 chip is a monolithic HV-CMOS pixel chip, thinned down to 50 \mu m. It provides continuous self-triggered, non-shuttered readout at rates up to 30 Mhits/chip of 3x3 mm^2 active area and a pixel size of 103x80 \mu m^2. The hit efficiency depends on the chosen working point. Settings with a power consumption of 300 mW/cm^2 allow for a hit efficiency >99.5%. A time resolution of 14.2 ns (Gaussian sigma) is achieved. Latest results from 2016 test beam campaigns are shown., Comment: Proceedingsfor the PIXEL2016 conference, submitted to JINST A dangling reference has been removed from this version, no other changes

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a future electron–positron collider with centre of mass energy of 500–1000 GeV. The International Large Detector (ILD) is one of two detector concepts at the ILC. Its high precision tracking system consists of Silicon sub-detectors and a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) equipped with micro-pattern gas detectors (MPGDs). Within the framework of the LCTPC collaboration, a Large Prototype (LP) TPC has been built as a demonstrator. This prototype has been equipped with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) modules and studied with electron beams of energies 1–6 GeV at the DESY test beam facility. The performance of the prototype detector and the extrapolation to the ILD TPC is presented here. In addition, ongoing optimisation studies and R&D activities in order to prepare the next GEM module iteration are discussed.

The progresses in the micropulling-down technique allow heavy scintillating crystals to be grown directly into a fibre geometry of variable shape, length and diameter. Examples of materials that can be grown with this technique are Lutetium Aluminum Garnets (LuAG, Lu(3)Al(5)O(12)) and Yttrium Aluminum Garnets (YAG, Y(3)Al(5)O(12)). Thanks to the flexibility of this approach, combined with the high density and good radiation hardness of the materials, such a technology represents a powerful tool for the development of future calorimeters. As an important proof of concept of the application of crystal fibres in future experiments, a small calorimeter prototype was built and tested on beam. A grooved brass absorber (dimensions 26cm×7cm×16cm) was instrumented with 64 LuAG fibres, 56 of which were doped with Cerium, while the remaining 8 were undoped. Each fibre was readout individually using 8 eightfold Silicon Photomultiplier arrays, thus providing a highly granular description of the shower development inside the module as well as good tracking capabilities. The module was tested at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility using electrons and pions in the 2–16 GeV energy range. The module performance as well as fibre characterization results from this beam test are presented.

The spatial development of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter is studied using test beam data collected at CERN and FNAL for single positive pions and protons with initial momenta in the range from 10 to 80 GeV/c. Both longitudinal and radial development of hadron showers are parametrised with two-component functions. The parametrisation is fit to test beam data and simulations using the QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT physics lists from Geant4 version 9.6. The parameters extracted from data and simulated samples are compared for the two types of hadrons. The response to pions and the ratio of the non-electromagnetic to the electromagnetic calorimeter response, h/e, are estimated using the extrapolation and decomposition of the longitudinal profiles., Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables; author list changed; submitted to JINST

The goal of the EUDET project is the development and construction of infrastructure to permit detector R&D for the International Linear Collider (ILC) with larger scale prototypes. It encompasses major detector components: the vertex detector, the tracker and the calorimeters. We describe here the status and plans of the project with emphasis on issues related to data acquisition for future test beam experiments., 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS06), Bangalore, India

An overview is given on the test-beam programs to perform detector and system studies for luminosity and energy measurements and beam diagnostics for luminosity optimization.

The performance of CsI photocathodes for the ALICE/HMPID detector with regard to long term stability and ageing effects has been investigated and monitored during the production phase and in dedicated ageing tests. During normal storage and test beam operations none of the monitored PCs has showed a decrease in quality within a time-frame of two years. In accelerated ageing tests with ion-bombardment in the detector caused by ionizing particles, pronounced ageing effects could be observed for charge doses ⩾ 1 mC / cm 2 , whereas irradiations with ⩽ 0.2 mC / cm 2 showed no effect.

A laser reflection differential confocal large-radius measurement (RDCLRM) method is proposed to meet the requirements of high-precision measurement for a large radius of curvature (ROC). The RDCLRM identifies the converging point of the multiply reflected test beam by using the differential confocal focusing technology. It then measures the distance between the positions of the test lens corresponding to these converging points for different reflection times. Therefore, a precise and high-efficiency measurement of a large ROC is achieved with a shorter measurement lightpath. The theoretical analyses and preliminary experimental results indicate that RDCLRM has a relative expanded uncertainty of better than 0.005% (k=2).

This Technical Memorandum (TM) summarizes the Fermilab Test Beam operations for FY 2015. It is one of a series of annual publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the individual experiments that ran at FTBF and are listed in Table TB-1. Each experiment section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was edited for inclusion in this summary.

A new laser differential reflection-confocal lens thickness measurement (DRCTM) method is proposed for the high-accuracy measurement of the lens thickness. DRCTM uses the test beam reflected from the lens first and last surface to determine the vertex positions of the two surfaces. Differential confocal technology is used to precisely identify the lens vertexes of the lens first and last surfaces, thereby enabling the precise measurement of the lens thickness. Compared with the existing measurement methods, DRCTM has high accuracy and strong anti-interference capability. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the DRCTM measurement error can be limited to 0.0015%.

This Technical Memorandum summarizes the Fermilab accelerator and experiment operations for FY 2015. It is one of a series of annual publications intended to gather information in one place. In this case, the information concerns the FY 2015 NOvA, MINOS+ and MINERvA experiments using the Main Injector Neutrino Beam (NuMI), the activities in the SciBooNE Hall using the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), and the SeaQuest experiment and Meson Test Beam (MTest) activities in the 120 GeV external Switchyard beam (SY120). Each section was prepared by the relevant authors, and was somewhat edited for inclusion in this summary.

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as a detector system in particle physics offers continuous tracking with low material budget and therefore is considered in the design of the International Large Detector (ILD) at the planned International Linear Collider. Different readout concepts are currently studied, of which one is the Pixel-TPC. It combines micro-pattern gaseous detectors with pixelised readout. A Micromegas is post-processed on the Timepix chip to form a so called InGrid. However the chips only have a small size such that several have to be placed next to each other to read out a TPC. The construction and operation of a Pixel-TPC with 160 InGrids was carried out in this dissertation as a feasibility study. Therefore, a new readout system was designed based on the Scalable Readout System from the RD51 collaboration at CERN. The firmware has been developed together with a data acquisition software and electronic boards. A final test beam campaign has been performed at the Large Prototype of the LCTPC Collaboration at DESY in 2015, in which the complete system was successfully tested. In a preliminary analysis of parts of the collected data, detector properties are demonstrated and evaluated to provide starting points for further developments in view of a design for an ILD Pixel-TPC.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of castella composite beams can be used as a structural element to resist earthquake load based on earthquake resistant building regulations applicable in Indonesia. This research was carried out through testing castella composite beams in the form of a portal with cyclic loading. Solid beams steel used is profiles IWF 200 100 5.5 8 fabricated became castella beam. Test beam consists of a solid beam (NB) as a comparison and castella beams with concrete filler between flange or castella composite beam (CCB). The results showed that in terms of the flexure capacity, beam failure at the end of the load, partial ductility and full ductility meet the requirements of SNI 03-1726-2003 on Earthquake Planning Procedures for Building Resilience in Indonesia so castella composite beam (CCB) can be used as a structural element to receive earthquake loads.

The pixel Hybrid Photon Detector (HPD) has been developed to detect the light produced by the two Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors of the LHCb experiment. The device is a vacuum photon detector equipped with cross-focussing electron optics and a custom anode for photoelectron detection. The production of the 500 such devices that are required to cover the photon detection surface of the LHCb RICH detectors is ongoing. A pre-series of HPDs has been manufactured and their performance assessed in the laboratory. Successful operation has also been confirmed in a test beam. Accelerated ageing tests performed on one pre-series tube show no degradation of performance.

By incorporating a field effect transistor into a fully depleted sensor substrate the DEPFET sensor combines radiation detection and amplification in each pixel, resulting in very low noise and high spatial resolution. This makes DEPFET sensors a favorable technology for the vertex detector at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). A prototype system with fast steering chips, a current-based readout chip and a 64 × 128 pixels DEPFET matrix has been built and was operated successfully in the DESY test beam. First results of the studies on two different DEPFET design options are presented in this paper.