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SummaryOne of the most dramatic changes occurring on our planet in recent decades is the ever-increasing extensive use of artificial light at night, which drastically altered the environment nocturnal animals are adapted to 1,2. One nocturnal species group experiencing marked declines are moths, which are not only of great importance for species conservation, but also for their key role in food webs and in ecosystem services such as nocturnal plant pollination 3,4. Light pollution has been identified as a driver in the dramatic insect decline of the past years 5–7, yet little is known about its impact on natural insect orientation behaviour. Using harmonic radar tracking, we show that the orientation of several species of moths is significantly affected by streetlights, although only 4 % of individuals showed flight-to-light behaviour. We reveal a species-specific barrier effect of streetlights on lappet moths whenever the moon was not available as a natural celestial cue. Furthermore, streetlights increased the tortuosity of flight trajectories for both hawk moths and lappet moths. Our results provide the first spatially resolved experimental evidence for the fragmentation of landscapes by streetlights and demonstrate that light pollution affects movement patterns of moths beyond previously assumed extend, potentially affecting their reproductive success and hampering a vital ecosystem service.

Background and aims: Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal and often diagnosed at an advanced stage. This cohort study analyzes the impact of care pathways, delays, and socio-spatial determinants on pancreatic cancer patients’ diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Method: Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma newly diagnosed at all stages between January and June 2016 in the AuRA French region were included. The influence on survival of delays of care, healthcare centers’ expertise, and socio-spatial determinants was evaluated. Results: Here, 538 patients were included in 76 centers including 116 patients (21.8%) with resectable, 64 (12.0%) borderline-resectable, 147 (27.6%) locally-advanced tumors, and 205 (38.5%) with metastatic disease. A delay between first symptoms and CT scans did not statistically influence overall survival (OS). In resected patients, OS was significantly higher in centers with more than 20 surgeries (HR 20 surgeries/year p = 0.0081). Regarding socio-spatial determinants, patients living in municipalities with greater access to a general practitioner (HR = 1.673, p = 0.0153) or with a population density below 795.1 people/km2 (HR = 1.881, p = 0.0057) were significantly more often resectable. Conclusion: This cohort study supports the pivotal role of general practitioner in cancer care and the importance of the centralization of pancreatic surgery to optimize pancreatic cancer patients’ care and outcomes. However, delays of care did not impact patient survival.

Malignancies are a major cause of late death after liver transplantation (LT). In LT recipients presenting a malignancy, antineoplastic chemotherapy is central part of the therapeutic arsenal, but management of both immunosuppressive and antineoplastic chemotherapy can be very challenging. The aim of the present retrospective study was to describe a recent single center cohort of LT recipients treated with antineoplastic cytotoxic chemotherapy.All LT recipients who received antineoplastic chemotherapy in our center between 2005 and 2021 were included.The study population included 72 antineoplastic chemotherapy courses in 69 patients. There was a majority of men (81.9%); median age at LT was 54.9 (range 1-68) and was 63.0 (18-79) at the diagnosis of malignancy. Lung carcinomas (23.6%), head and neck carcinomas (20.8%), lymphomas (16.7%), and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (8.3%) were the most frequent malignancies. Neoadjuvant (30.6%), adjuvant (12.5%) or palliative (54.2%) chemotherapy was performed. Immunosuppressive regimen was modified from a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based to an everolimus-based regimen (63.5% of CNI discontinuation). Median survival after diagnosis of malignancy was 22.5 months and 5-year survival was 30.1%. Chemotherapy regimen was considered optimal in 81.9% of the cases. Multivariate analysis disclosed that non-PTLD N+ stage malignancy (HR = 5.52 95%CI [1.40;21.69], p = .014), non-PTLD M+ stage malignancy (HR = 10.55 95%CI [3.20;34.73], p = .0001), and suboptimal chemotherapy (HR = 2.73 95%CI [1.34;5.56], p = .005) were significantly associated with poorer prognosis. No rejection episode occurred during chemotherapy.The present study is the first one focused on antineoplastic chemotherapy in LT recipients. Our results suggest that immunosuppressive drugs and antineoplastic chemotherapy can be managed satisfactorily in most cases but this needs confirmation from larger cohorts.

Summary We report a case of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome, successively treated with five lines of treatment (platin-etoposide, LV5FU2-dacarbazine, FOLFIRINOX, pembrolizumab, and paclitaxel) and anti-secretory treatment. Circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) was analysed at each morphological evaluation starting from the second-line treatment. cfDNA changes were well correlated with the disease course, and cfDNA may be used as a predictive marker and/or as an early marker of response. In addition, the absolute count of atypical cells was elevated upon disease progression. Learning points cfDNA changes were well correlated with the Cushing’s syndrome course and with the tumour burden changes assessed by laboratory markers and by RECIST criteria. cfDNA analysis was used to determine the pharmacogenetic patterns of the present patient. An elevated number of atypical circulating cells was noticed upon disease progression.

Lymphomerkrankungen sind im Kindesalter die dritthaufigste Neoplasie. Die Erkennung, das exakte Staging und Restaging sind wichtig fur alle Radiologen, die mit der Diagnostik von Kindern befasst sind. Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT), Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie/Computertomographie (PET/CT), CT, Ultraschall, Rontgen. Die Ganzkorperbildgebung (MRT und PET/MRT bzw. PET/CT) spielt in der Diagnostik und fur die Therapieauswahl eine zentrale Rolle beim Hodgkin-Lymphom. Insbesondere die Hybridbildgebung mittels 18F‑FDG-PET erweist sich dabei als leistungsfahige Methode im Staging und Restaging. Die Standardisierung der Bildgebung und der Einschluss in Therapieoptimierungsstudien (z. B. im Rahmen der EuroNet-PHL-C2-Studie) verbessert die Diagnostik und vermindert gleichzeitig die therapiebedingten Nebenwirkungen. Beim Hodgkin-Lymphom (HD) sind Abweichungen vom vorgegebenen Diagnostikprozedere zu vermeiden. Beim klinisch sehr heterogenen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (NHL) sollte dagegen die Diagnostik dem aktuellen klinischen Zustand des Kindes angepasst werden. Die Rolle der Interims-PET beim NHL ist derzeit noch Gegenstand klinischer Diskussionen.

While artificial farmland drainage has allowed the development of a highly productive agriculture, the availability of periodically flooded arable land as a niche habitat for a broad range of animal and vascular plant species has diminished. Accordingly, many species depending on temporary wetlands are endangered, already extinct or extirpated in Switzerland and other European countries. Some arable fields with temporary pools can still be observed in Switzerland. However, it is not known how suitable such small temporary ponds are as habitats in the modern, intensively-managed agricultural landscape, where disturbance rates are high, and connecting wetland habitats are scarce. We surveyed 120 fields across 10 hot spot regions for potential waterlogging in Switzerland, investigating the effect of temporary waterlogging on the diversity of arable plant and ground beetle species. Half of the fields were heavily influenced by waterlogging, while the other half represented conventional crop field controls. We found that wet fields exhibited a higher number of vascular plant and carabid species on average compared to control fields. This difference was explained by the presence of more hygrophilic plant and ground beetle species on wet fields. While we did find more hygrophilic species on wet fields, the threatened character species of temporary wetland habitats were mostly absent despite availability in regional species pools. These results suggest that temporary pools still provide the raw environmental characteristics that hygrophilic species require in the agricultural landscape. However, alternative management schemes are required to transform them into habitats that can effectively support high-priority, threatened species of temporary wetlands.

For the detection of buried objects in applications such as humanitarian demining, avalanche victims localization, or archaeology, airborne systems employing ground-penetrating synthetic aperture radars were proposed in recent years. Their results, however, depend significantly on environmental factors, such as soil type and moisture. This paper shows that soil moisture and the signal-to-background ratio of targets are strongly linked. It is concluded, that for a side-looking geometry, the intrinsic attenuation of the soil and the transmittance at the boundary layer between air and soil are both significant factors. Metal targets are best detected under dry conditions., acceptedVersion

International audience; Introduction: Desmoid tumor (DT) of the abdomen is a challenging and rare disease. The level of evidence available to document their treatment is relatively low, however, recent publications of prospective studies have allowed to precise their management.Methods: This document is a summary of the French intergroup guidelines realized by all French medical and surgical societies involved in the management of DT located in the abdomen or associated with adenomatous polyposis. Recommendations are graded in four categories (A, B, C and D), according to the level of evidence found in the literature until January 2021.Results: When the diagnosis of DT is suspected a percutaneous biopsy should be performed when possible. A molecular analysis looking for pathogenic mutations of the CTNNB1 and APC genes should be systematically performed. When a somatic pathogenic variant of the APC gene is present, an intestinal polyposis should be searched. Due to a high rate of spontaneous regression, non-complicated DT should first benefit from an active surveillance with MRI within 2 months after diagnosis to assess the dynamic of tumor growth. The treatment decision must be discussed in an expert center, favoring the less toxic treatments which can include broad spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor or conventional chemotherapy (methotrexate-vinblastine). Surgery, outside the context of emergency, should only be considered for favorable location in an expert center.Conclusion: French guidelines for DT management were elaborated to help offering the best personalized therapeutic strategy in daily clinical practice as the DT therapeutic landscape is complexifying. Each individual case must be discussed within a multidisciplinary expert team.

Homologous Recombination DNA-repair deficiency (HRD) is a well-recognized marker of platinum-salt and PARP inhibitor chemotherapies in ovarian and breast cancers (BC). Causing high genomic instability, HRD is currently determined by BRCA1/2 sequencing or by genomic signatures, but its morphological manifestation is not well understood. Deep Learning (DL) is a powerful machine learning technique that has been recently shown to be capable of predicting genomic signatures from stained tissue slides. However, DL is known to be sensitive to dataset biases and lacks interpretability. Here, we present and evaluate a strategy to control for biases in retrospective cohorts. We train a deep-learning model to predict the HRD in a controlled cohort with unprecedented accuracy (AUC: 0.86) and we develop a new visualization technique that allows for automatic extraction of new morphological features related to HRD. We analyze in detail the extracted morphological patterns that open new hypotheses on the phenotypic impact of HRD.

Background Superficial oesophageal adenocarcinoma can be resected endoscopically, but data to define a curative endoscopic resection are scarce. Objective Our study aimed to assess the risk of lymph node metastasis depending on the depth of invasion and histological features of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods We retrospectively included all patients undergoing an endoscopic resection for T1 oesophageal adenocarcinoma among seven expert centres in France in 2004–2016. Mural invasion was defined as either intramucosal or submucosal tumours; the latter were further divided into superficial submucosal (1000 mm). Absence or presence of lymphovascular invasion and/or poorly differentiated cancer (G3) defined a low‐risk or a high‐risk tumour, respectively. For submucosal tumours, invasion depth and histological features were systematically confirmed after a second dedicated histological assessment (new 2‐mm thick slices) performed by a second pathologist. Occurrence of lymph node metastasis was recorded during the follow‐up from histological or PET CT reports when an invasive procedure was not possible. Results In total, 188 superficial oesophageal adenocarcinomas were included with a median follow‐up of 34 months. No lymph node metastases occurred for intramucosal oesophageal adenocarcinomas (n = 135) even with high‐risk histological features. Among submucosal oesophageal adenocarcinomas, only tumours with lymphovascular invasion or poorly differentiated cancer or with a depth of invasion >1000 μm developed lymph node metastasis tumours (n = 10/53%; 18.9%; hazard ratio 12.04). No metastatic evolution occurred under a 1000‐mm threshold for all low‐risk tumours (0/25), nor under 1200 mm (0/1) and three over this threshold (3/13%, 23.1%). Conclusion Intramucosal and low‐risk tumours with shallow submucosal invasion up to 1200 mm were not associated with lymph node metastasis during follow‐up. In case of high‐risk features and/or deep submucosal invasion, endoscopic resections are not sufficient to eliminate the risk of lymph node metastasis, and surgical oesophagectomy should be carried out. These results must be confirmed by larger prospective series., Key Summary Superficial oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) can be resected endoscopically.Data to define a curative endoscopic resection with a low lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk are scarce especially for tumours invading the submucosa.Curative endoscopic resections have been reported in selected OAC invading the first 500 mm of the submucosa, but surgical series showed an LNM risk ranging from 0% to 50%, making endoscopic resection a questionable curative treatment.High‐risk histological features were not associated with LNM in intramucosal tumours.LNM occurred only for tumours invading the submucosa with a depth ≥1200 mm or with high‐risk histological features regardless of the depth of invasion.Endoscopic resection may be a valid and curative therapeutic option for all intramucosal tumours and for submucosal oesophageal adenocarcinoma with an invasion depth ≤1000 mm and low‐risk histological features.