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The Telescope Array (TA) experiment, located in the western desert of Utah, USA, is designed for the observation of extensive air showers from extremely high energy cosmic rays. The experiment has a surface detector array surrounded by three fluorescence detectors to enable simultaneous detection of shower particles at ground level and fluorescence photons along the shower track. The TA surface detectors and fluorescence detectors started full hybrid observation in March, 2008. In this article we describe the design and technical features of the TA surface detector. © 2012 Elsevier B.V., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Aims: To describe co-occurring non-alcohol substance use in veterans with PTSD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) entering controlled trials of topiramate. Methods: Baseline psychological, alcohol and non-alcohol substance use (NASU) measures are reported for 77 veterans with comorbid AUD and PTSD entering trials of topiramate treatment. PTSD, anxiety, anddepression, aswell as smoking, non-alcohol substance use (NASU) and NASU disorder diagnoses (NASUDs) were calculated. Subjects with andwithout smoking or NASUwere compared on alcohol use, PTSD, depression, and anxiety severity. Results: Mean age was 50.4±12.6, 93.5% were male. 41.6% were Vietnam era and 23.4% were Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. All met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol dependence and PTSD. 58.4% had combat-related PTSD. Mean Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score was 77.9±17.2; mean Beck Depression and Anxiety scores were 22.2±12.3 and 24.4±11.5 respectively. During the past 90 days prior to screening, participants had on average 5.4 drinking days per week, 4.5 heavy drinking days per week and consumed 63.7 drinks per week and 12.9 drinks per drinking day. 57.1% were smokers and 41.6% reported NASU in the past 30 days: 36.4% cannabis, 16.9% cocaine, 5.2% amphetamines, and 3.9% opioids. Urine drug screens were positive for cannabis in 23.4%, cocaine in 6.5%, amphetamines in 3.9%, and opiates in 7.6%. 28.6% met SCID NASUD criteria. Compared to nonsmokers, smokers had more drinks per week (72.7 vs. 51.4, p= .048) and more drinks per drinking day (15.7 vs. 9.4, p= .011) in the past 90 days. Smokers did not have higher mean CAPS, BDI, or BAI scores than nonsmokers. Patients with NASU also had more drinks per week (74.1 vs. 53.5, p= .05); but not higher CAPS, BDI or BAI scores than those negative for NASU. Conclusions: Smoking and other non-alcohol substance use were related with higher amounts of alcohol use but not greater PTSD, depression and anxiety severity in veterans with PTSD and AUD entering pharmacotherapy clinical trials. Financial support: W81XWH-05-2-0094, W81XWH-11-20245, and W81XWH-12-2-0137.

To examine leukocyte-endothelial cell rolling and arrest in human ocular vessels overlying sites of inflammation in various ocular inflammatory diseases in comparison to normal controls using the Heidelberg confocal laser microscope, which provides images with greater clarity and resolution than the tandem scanning microscope that uses white light.Healthy controls (n=8) and patients with active anterior scleritis (n=7) or allergic eye disease (n=4) were scanned using the Heidelberg confocal laser microscope (HRT II) with the Rostock cornea module attachment for a minimum of 5 min at a depth of 45-120 microm from the conjunctival epithelial surface.There was a marked increase in the number of rolling leukocytes in scleritis patients (534+/-119 cells per mm2/min) versus controls (6+/-6 cells per mm2/min; p=0.0002) or allergic patients (59+/-44 cells per mm2/min; p=0.009). No statistically significant increase was seen in allergic patients compared to controls (p=0.059). A similar pattern was seen in the number of arrested leukocytes in patients with scleritis (56+/-23 cells per mm2) in comparison to either those with allergic eye disease or controls (each=0 cells per mm2; p=0.02).Patients with scleritis have a significantly increased number of rolling and arrested leukocytes in superficial ocular vessels in comparison to patients with mild allergic conjunctivitis and controls. The image quality with this microscope is superior to prior studies with a scanning microscope.

Introduction Studies evaluating the effectiveness of opioid agonist therapy programs typically evaluate drug abstinence or treatment retention as their primary outcomes. However, in many circumstances (e.g. directly observed therapy (DOT) programs within methadone maintenance programs), methadone adherence is an extremely relevant clinical outcome. We sought to evaluate the impact of ongoing illicit drug use on methadone adherence within a DOT program for the treatment of HIV-infection. Methods Patients were enrolled in a DOT program, where methadone and HIV medication are co-administered by a community pharmacist. Drug use (amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, and opiates) was assessed by repeated urinalysis results. Methadone adherence was calculated as the fraction of days methadone was administered. Results Ongoing drug use, and poly-substance use was common, with only 4 of 60 patients abstaining from all illicit drug use. Overall methadone adherence was 84.5%. Amphetamine use (without benzodiazepine and cocaine use), benzodiazepine use (without amphetamines) and higher methadone doses were associated with higher methadone adherence. When patients used benzodiazepines or cocaine, any positive effect associated with amphetamine use was negated. In addition, opiate use was associated with decreased methadone adherence. Discussion The effect of many illicit drugs on methadone adherence may differ from reports using other treatment outcomes.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACGC) participates in selective attention, working memory (WM), anticipation, and behavioral monitoring. Subjects with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in these mechanisms during selective attention and WM tasks. However, ACGC dysfunctions have not been specifically investigated during behavioral anticipation, whose deficits may relate to salient schizophrenic features such as foresight abnormalities and impaired social functioning and behavior. We thus studied ACGC function in relation to two aspects of WM, remembering information and anticipating responses, in control and schizophrenic subjects. We measured brain activation in eight subjects with schizophrenia and eight healthy volunteers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. All subjects performed stimulus-response delay tasks with color dots or facial expression diagrams as cues and either 50% or 100% response predictability, which emphasized demands on remembering the cues or anticipating the response for correct performance, respectively. We found a double dissociation of ACGC activation between subject groups and task type. In controls, the ACGC became intensely activated during response anticipation (more extensively and bilaterally when the cues were colors than when they were facial diagrams) but remained at resting activity levels during remembering. In schizophrenic patients, significant ACGC activation was seen only when remembering a percept (more extensively and bilaterally when it was a facial diagram than when it was a color) but not when anticipating a response. These results reveal an ACGC dysfunction during choice anticipation in schizophrenia and suggest that it might underlie the foresight deficits seen in schizophrenic patients.

Background Patients with schizophrenia exhibit facial information processing deficits that likely contribute to their social dysfunction. Whether the deficits involve facial affect and/or identity processing or result from other cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia remains controversial, and a brain dysfunction specifically related to them has never been reported. If such dysfunction existed, it should be consistently observed across groups of patients and during performance of different facial information processing tasks, independently of whether such tasks demand working memory (WM), semantic, or other cognitive processes. We hypothesized that the right lateral fusiform gyrus (rLFG), one of several human brain areas involved in facial information processing, would consistently show activation abnormalities during both facial affect and identity discrimination in schizophrenia. Methods We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activation in two groups of six chronic, stable schizophrenic outpatients and two of six age- and gender-matched healthy controls. One group of patients and one of controls performed facial affect—with or without semantic processing—and identity discrimination tasks, and the other two groups WM tasks with facial expression cues and varying attentional demands. Results Patients from either group failed to activate the rLFG when compared to controls in any task. Other activation abnormalities were task-specific (i.e., seen only during performance of one set of tasks) and not consistently observed in both groups of patients, and thus could not be directly and solely linked to facial information discrimination. Conclusions These results indicate a specific rLFG dysfunction during early facial information—identity or affect—processing, independent from other cognitive deficits, in schizophrenia.

Background Working memory (WM) deficits are well known in schizophrenia and have been associated with abnormal activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during cognitive performance. The magnitude and particularly the direction of the PFC activation— i.e., increased (hyperfrontality) or decreased (hypofrontality)— in schizophrenia, as well as its pathophysiological implications, remain controversial. Working memory is supported by a distributed neural network, whose main components are the PFC and the posterior parietal (PPC) cortices. Monkey studies indicate that, during WM performance, PFC functional lesions may be compensated by the PPC if task demands center mainly on anticipating responses, but not if they center on remembering cues. We hypothesized that a primarily dysfunctional PFC in schizophrenia might show hypofrontality or hyperfrontality as a result, respectively, of efficient or inefficient PPC compensation, as dictated by task demands. To test our proposition, we biased the demands of WM tasks toward anticipating responses or remembering cues and measured its impact on the PFC–PPC functional balance in a group of schizophrenic patients and one of normal control subjects. Methods We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure correlates of neuronal activity in the PFC and PPC of schizophrenic patients and control subjects performing WM tasks that either demanded information retention or allowed for response anticipation. Results When compared to control subjects, schizophrenic patients exhibited decreased PFC activation and increased PPC activation during anticipatory WM performance, and increased PFC activation during mnemonic WM performance. Conclusions In schizophrenia, a PFC dysfunction results in hypo- or hyperfrontality as a function of whether other alternate areas of a PFC–PPC network for WM are available and efficacious in supporting specific task demands.

My motivation in putting together this Human Rights Symposium for the German Law Journal (GLJ) is based on a number of events in the news this year: recent outbreaks of political protests in Libya and Egypt, on-going wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and natural disasters in Haiti and Japan, that have re-opened questions about human rights in the 21st century on a global scale.

Background Barriers to administering epinephrine auto injectors include failure to recognize signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, administering oral antihistamines or asthma inhalers due to lack of education, failing to administer epinephrine correctly, fear of giving a needle, auto injector misplaced, and past experiences with spontaneous recovery. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of supervised auto injector administration by parents/patients on confidence, knowledge and skill for future treatment of severe allergic reactions. Methods

Celiac disease and immediate type hypersensitivity to wheat are immune responses with different pathogenic mechanisms. Both diseases are well known entities but their coexistence in the same patient is rarely reported.

Testing is a critical component of the software development process and is required to ensure the reliability, robustness and usability of software. Tools that systematically aid in the testing process are crucial to the development of reliable software. This paper describes a code-based testing and analysis tool for object-oriented software. TATOO provides a systematic approach to testing tailored towards object behavior, and particularly for class integration testing. The underlying program analysis subsystem exploits combined points-to and escape analysis developed for compiler optimization to address the software testing issues.

The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with primary energies above 1.6 x 10^(18) eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector component of TA. The spectrum shows a dip at an energy of 4.6 x 10^(18) eV and a steepening at 5.4 x 10^(19) eV which is consistent with the expectation from the GZK cutoff. We present the results of a technique, new to the analysis of ultra-high energy cosmic ray surface detector data, that involves generating a complete simulation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays striking the TA surface detector. The procedure starts with shower simulations using the CORSIKA Monte Carlo program where we have solved the problems caused by use of the "thinning" approximation. This simulation method allows us to make an accurate calculation of the acceptance of the detector for the energies concerned., Comment: Accepted for publication by Astrophysical Journal Letters

Methods Parents attending clinic with their child completed the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire Parent Form before and after their visit. Parents with children on the clinic waitlist served as controls. HRQL scores were analyzed according to visit outcome: fewer or same number of food allergies. A sub-analysis of scores among children who underwent an oral food challenge (OFC) was conducted. The General Linear Model for Repeated Measures was used to compare changes in score over time between outcomes, and to test for interaction between score changes and outcomes.

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Objectives We investigated the usefulness of echocardiographic contrast perfusion imaging in differentiating cardiac masses. Background Two-dimensional echocardiography is the primary diagnostic modality for cardiac masses. However, differentiation between the different types of cardiac masses may be difficult at times. We hypothesized that echocardiographic contrast perfusion imaging would differentiate the neo-vascularization of malignancies from the avascularity of thrombi and the sparse vascularity of stromal tumors. Methods Sixteen patients with cardiac masses underwent power-modulation imaging after echocardiographic intravenous contrast administration. Pixel intensities in the mass and an adjacent section of myocardium were analyzed visually and by dedicated software. All masses had a pathologic diagnosis or resolved after anticoagulation. In a subset of patients, video-intensity curves of contrast replenishment in the mass and myocardium over time were generated. The post-impulse steady-state pixel intensity (A) and initial rate of contrast replenishment after impulse (β) were compared with an index of blood vessel area on pathology. Results In seven of 16 patients, contrast enhancement resulted in greater pixel intensity in the mass than in the adjacent myocardium. All of these masses were classified pathologically as malignant (n = 6) or benign and vascular (n = 1). Nine masses demonstrated decreased pixel intensity, compared with the myocardium, and were diagnosed pathologically as myxomas (n = 2) or thrombi (n = 5), or they resolved with anticoagulation (n = 2). For the subset of patients, β correlated with the vessel area index (r = 0.60). Conclusions Echocardiographic contrast perfusion imaging aids in the differentiation of cardiac masses. Compared with the adjacent myocardium, malignant and vascular tumors hyper-enhanced, whereas stromal tumors and thrombi hypo-enhanced.

A1 Role of fibrocytes in allergic rhinitis Marie-Ève Côté, Marie-Ève Boulay, Sophie Plante, Jamila Chakir, Louis-Philippe Boulet A2 Patterns of aeroallergens sensitization in Northern Alberta Hanan Ahmed, Maria-Beatriz Ospina, Kyriaki Sideri, Harissios Vliagoftis A3 Addressing acceptable risk for adolescents with Food-Induced Anaphylaxis (FIA) Sara F. Johnson, Roberta L. Woodgate A4 Outcomes of matched related and unrelated bone marrow transplantation after reduced-toxicity conditioning for children suffering from Chronic Granulomatous Disease Guilhem Cros, Pierre Teira, Sonia Cellot, Henrique Bittencourt, Helene Decaluwe, Marie France Vachon, Michel Duval, Elie Haddad A5 Outcomes of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) prior to and after initiation of newborn screening for SCID in Ontario Vy H.D. Kim, Anne Pham-Huy, Eyal Grunebaum A6 Detection of regulatory B cells in the airways of subjects with asthma John-Paul Oliveria, Stephanie Phan, Mark W. Tenn, Damian Tworek, Steven G. Smith, Adrian J. Baatjes, Caitlin D. Obminski, Caroline E. Munoz, Tara X. Scime, Roma Sehmi, Gail M Gauvreau A7 Characterization of IgE-expressing B cells in the airways and peripheral blood of allergic asthmatic subjects John-Paul Oliveria, Stephanie Phan, Mark W. Tenn, Brittany M Salter, Steven G Smith, Caitlin D Obminski, Caroline E Munoz, Abbey Schlatman, Tara X Scime, Rick Watson, Roma Sehmi, Gail M Gauvreau A8 Pregnancy: could it be a risk factor for primary immunodeficient patients Roya Sherkat, Razieh Khoshnevisan, Saba Sheikhbahaei A9 Clinical experience with Octagam: a Canadian retrospective chart review Stephen Betschel, Richard Warrington, Robert Schellenberg A10 Kounis syndrome secondary to contrast media with inferior ST elevations and bilateral ischemic stroke Michael N Fein, Jean-Philippe Pelletier A11 Honey bee venom immunotherapy ineffective in bumble bee-induced anaphylaxis: case report and review of literature Manstein Kan, Robert Schellenberg A12 Delayed immune reconstitution occurring after multiple immune complications of hematological stem cell transplantation for a leaky SCID Roxane Labrosse, Guilhem Cros, Pierre Teira, Henrique Bittencourt, Helene Decaluwe, Michel Duval, Elie Haddad A13 Comparison of Three Case Reports of Acquired Angioedema: presentation, management and outcome Raymond Mak, James Loh, Amin Kanani A14 Sitagliptin-associated angioedema not related to concurrent use of ARB or ACE inhibitor Dominik A. Nowak, Paul K. Keith A15 Sneddon-Wilkinson subcorneal pustular dermatosis associated with an IgA monoclonal gammopathy Daniel Pannozzo, Dominik A. Nowak, Hermenio C. Lima A16 Omalizumab can be effective in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Diana Pham, Hoang Pham, Gonzalo G. Alvarez, Istvan T. Bencze, Krishna B. Sharma, Mark Smith, Shawn Aaron, Jennifer Block, Tara Keays, Judith Leech, David Schneidermen, Jodi Cameron, Jennifer Forgie, Alicia Ring, John W. O’Quinn, Stephanie Santucci, William H. Yang A17 Efficacious use of omalizumab in the treatment of cystic fibrosis Diana Pham, Hoang Pham, Ena Gaudet, Shawn Aaron, Stephanie Santucci, William H. Yang A18 HAE with normal C1-INH with inconsistent response to C1 esterase inhibitor infusion but reliably responsive to icatibant Hoang Pham, Stephanie Santucci, William H. Yang A19 Anaphylaxis reaction to lactase enzyme Mathew R. Voisin, Rozita Borici-Mazi A20 Risk of solid tumor malignancies in patients with primary immune deficiency Kateryna Vostretsova, Donald F. Stark A21 Is it time to adopt the chromogenic assay for measuring C1 esterase inhibitor function in patients with HAE Type 2? Elizabeth Yeboah, Paul K. Keith A22 Emergency department visits for anaphylaxis and allergic reactions Michelle Martin-Rhee, Cheryl Gula, Clare Cheng, Geoff Paltser A23 START: Susceptibility To food Allergies in a Registry of Twins Alizée Dery, Ann Clarke, Kari Nadeau, Laurie Harada, Kimberley Weatherall, Celia Greenwood, Denise Daley, Yuka Asai, Moshe Ben-Shoshan A24 Qualifying the diagnostic approach employed by allergists when managing patients with self-diagnosed non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) Lee Horgan, Teresa Pun A25 Retrospective analysis on the agreement between skin prick test and serum food specific IgE antibody in adults with suspected food allergy Ling Ling, Maria B. Ospina, Kyriaki Sideri, Harissios Vliagoftis A26 Staple food hypersensitivity from infancy to adolescence: a report from the BAMSE cohort Jennifer L.P. Protudjer, Mirja Vetander, Marianne van Hage, Ola Olén, Magnus Wickman, Anna Bergström A27 Evaluating the impact of supervised epinephrine autoinjector administration during food challenges on perceived parent confidence Timothy Teoh, Christopher Mill, Tiffany Wong, Ingrid Baerg, Angela Alexander, Kyla J. Hildebrand, John Dean, Boris Kuzeljevic, Edmond S. Chan A28 Local immunoglobulin production to Aspergillus fumigatus cystic fibrosis Jonathan Argeny, Mia Gona-Hoepler, Petra Fucik, Edith Nachbaur, Saskia Gruber, Reto Crameri, Andreas Glaser, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Claudio Rhyner, Thomas Eiwegger A29 Extract consumption with skin prick test (SPT) devices Greg. Plunkett, Brad Mire A30 Evaluation of our cases with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug reactions Mehtap Yazicioglu, Ceren Can, Gokce Ciplak A31 Reasons for referral and final diagnoses in a tertiary care pediatric allergy clinic Victoria E. Cook, Kyla J. Hildebrand, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Christopher Mill, Edmond S. Chan A32 Internist referral practices for inpatients with self-reported penicillin allergies at a tertiary care teaching hospital Michael N Fein, Emil P Nashi A33 Assessing the risk of reactions in children with a negative oral challenge after a subsequent use of amoxicillin Sofianne Gabrielli, Christopher Mill, Marie-Noel Primeau, Christine Lejtenyi, Elena Netchiporouk, Alizee Dery, Greg Shand, Moshe Ben-Shoshan A34 Validity of self-reported penicillin allergies Erica Hoe, Joel Liem A35 Effectiveness of allergy-test directed elimination diets in eosinophilic esophagitis Jason K. Ko, David J.T. Huang, Jorge A. Mazza A36 Allergy testing and dietary management in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): A retrospective review of a tertiary Canadian centre’s experience Mary McHenry, Anthony Otley,Wade Watson A37 Visualizing the impact of atopic and allergic skin disease Dominik A. Nowak, John N. Kraft A38 Cystic fibrosis with and without nasal polyposis in pediatric patients: a cross-sectional comparative study Mihaela Paina, Ahmed A. Darwish Hassan, Delia Heroux, Lynn Crawford, Gail Gauvreau, Judah Denburg, Linda Pedder, Paul K. Keith A39 Evaluation of macrolide antibiotic hypersensitivity: the role of oral challenges in children Bahar Torabi, Marie-Noel Primeau, Christine Lejtenyi, Elaine Medoff, Jennifer Mill, Moshe Ben-Shoshan A40 Venom allergy testing: is a graded approach necessary? Jaclyn A. Quirt, Xia Wen, Jonathan Kim, Angel Jimenez Herrero, Harold L. Kim A41 The role of oral challenges in evaluating cephalosporin hypersensitivity reactions in children Magdalena J. Grzyb, Marie-Noël Primeau, Christine Lejtenyi, Elaine Medoff, Jennifer Mill, Moshe Ben-Shoshan A42 Breastfeeding and infant wheeze, atopy and atopic dermatitis: findings from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study Meghan B. Azad, Zihang Lu, Allan B. Becker, Padmaja Subbarao, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Malcolm R. Sears, the CHILD Study Investigators A43 IL33 DNA methylation in bronchial epithelial cells is associated to asthma Anne-Marie Boucher-Lafleur, Valérie Gagné-Ouellet, Éric Jacques, Sophie Plante, Jamila Chakir, Catherine Laprise A44 NRF2 mediates the antioxidant response to organic dust-induced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells Michael Chen, Toby McGovern, Mikael Adner, James G. Martin A45 The effects of perinatal distress, immune biomarkers and mother-infant interaction quality on childhood atopic dermatitis (rash) at 18 months Nela Cosic, Henry Ntanda, Gerald Giesbrecht, Anita Kozyrskyj, Nicole Letourneau A46 Examining the immunological mechanisms associated with cow’s milk allergy Bassel Dawod, Jean Marshall A47 Tryptase levels in children presenting with anaphylaxis to the Montréal Children’s Hospital Sarah De Schryver, Michelle Halbrich, Ann Clarke, Sebastian La Vieille, Harley Eisman, Reza Alizadehfar, Lawrence Joseph, Judy Morris, Moshe Ben-Shoshan A48 Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in infancy and the development of food hypersensitivity from childhood to adolescence Laura Y. Feldman, Jesse D. Thacher, Inger Kull, Erik Melén, Göran Pershagen, Magnus Wickman, Jennifer L. P. Protudjer, Anna Bergström A49 Combined exposure to diesel exhaust and allergen enhances allergic inflammation in the bronchial submucosa of atopic subjects Ali Hosseini, Tillie L. Hackett, Jeremy Hirota, Kelly McNagny, Susan Wilson, Chris Carlsten A50 Comparison of skin-prick test measurements by an automated system against the manual method Saiful Huq, Rishma Chooniedass, Brenda Gerwing, Henry Huang, Diana Lefebvre, Allan Becker A51 The accurate identification and quantification of urinary biomarkers of asthma and COPD through the use of novel DIL- LC-MS/MS methods Mona M. Khamis, Hanan Awad, Kevin Allen, Darryl J. Adamko, Anas El-Aneed A52 Systemic immune pathways associated with the mechanism of Cat-Synthetic Peptide Immuno-Regulatory Epitopes, a novel immunotherapy, in whole blood of cat-allergic people Young Woong Kim, Daniel R. Gliddon, Casey P. Shannon, Amrit Singh, Pascal L. C. Hickey, Anne K. Ellis, Helen Neighbour, Mark Larche, Scott J. Tebbutt A53 Reducing the health disparities: online support for children with asthma and allergies from low-income families Erika Ladouceur, Miriam Stewart, Josh Evans, Jeff Masuda, Nicole Letourneau, Teresa To, Malcolm King A54 Epigenetic association of PSORS1C1 and asthma in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean asthma study Miriam Larouche, Liming Liang, Catherine Laprise A55 IL-33 induces cytokine and chemokine production in human mast cells Stephanie A. Legere, Ian D. Haidl, Jean-Francois Legaré, Jean S. Marshall A56 Reference ranges for lung clearance index from infancy to adolescence for Canadian population Zihang Lu, Malcolm Sears, Theo J. Moraes, Felix Ratjen, Per Gustafsson, Wendy Lou, Padmaja Subbarao A57 Kingston Allergy Birth Cohort: cohort profile and mother/child characteristics to age 2 Michelle L. North, Elizabeth Lee, Vanessa Omana, Jenny Thiele, Jeff Brook, Anne K. Ellis A58 Cow’s milk protein specific IgE, IgA and IgG4 as a predictor of outcome in oral immunotherapy Tanvir Rahman, Duncan Lejtenyi, Sarah De Schryver, Ryan Fiter, Ciriaco Piccirillo, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Bruce Mazer A59 Age of peanut introduction and development of reactions and sensitization to peanut Elinor Simons, Allan B. Becker, Rishma Chooniedass, Kyla Hildebrand, Edmond S. Chan, Stuart Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Malcolm Sears A60 Multi-omic blood biomarker signatures of the late phase asthmatic response Amrit Singh, Casey P. Shannon, Young Woong Kim, Mari DeMarco, Kim-Anh Le Cao, Gail M. Gauvreau, J. Mark FitzGerald, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Paul M. O’Byrne, Scott J. Tebbutt A61 Early life gut microbial alterations in children diagnosed with asthma by three years of age Leah T. Stiemsma, Marie-Claire Arrieta, Jasmine Cheng, Pedro A. Dimitriu, Lisa Thorson, Sophie Yurist, Boris Kuzeljevic, Diana L. Lefebvre, Padmaja Subbarao, Piush Mandhane, Allan Becker, Malcolm R. Sears, Kelly M. McNagny, Tobias Kollmann, the CHILD Study Investigators, William W. Mohn, B. Brett Finlay, Stuart E. Turvey A62 The relationship between food sensitization and atopic dermatitis at age 1 year in a Canadian birth cohort Maxwell M. Tran, Diana L. Lefebvre, Chinthanie F. Ramasundarahettige, Allan B. Becker, Wei Hao Dai, Padmaja Subbarao, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Malcolm R. Sears A63 Allergen inhalation enhances Toll-like receptor-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor expression by hematopoietic progenitor cells in mild asthmatics Damian Tworek, Delia Heroux, Seamus N. O’Byrne, Paul M. O’Byrne, Judah A. Denburg A64 The Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Investigator Collaborative – replicated eosinophilia on repeated cumulative allergen challenges in nasal lavage samples Laura Walsh, Mena Soliman, Jenny Thiele, Lisa M. Steacy, Daniel E. Adams, Anne K. Ellis A65 The CHILD Study: optimizing subject retention in pediatric longitudinal cohort research Linda Warner, Mary Ann Mauro, Robby Mamonluk, Stuart E. Turvey A66 Differential expression of C3a and C5a in allergic asthma ChenXi Yang, Amrit Singh, Casey P. Shannon, Young Woong Kim, Ed M. Conway, Scott J. Tebbutt