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Copyright of Science of Sintering is the property of National Library of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fault management of virtualized network environments using user-driven network provisioning systems (NPSs) is crucial for guaranteeing seamless virtual network services irrespective of physical infrastructure impairment. The network service interface (NSI) of the Open Grid Forum reflects the need for a common standard management API for the reservation and provisioning of user-driven virtual circuits (VCs) across global networks. NSI-based NPSs (that is, network service agents) can be used to compose user-driven VCs for mission-critical applications in a dynamic multi-domain. In this article, we first attempt to outline the design issues and challenges faced when attempting to provide mission-critical applications using dynamic VCs with a protection that is both user-driven and trustworthy in a dynamic multi-domain environment, to motivate work in this area of research. We also survey representative works that address inter-domain VC protection and qualitatively evaluate them and current NSI against the issues and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different fertilization methods on selenium content and nutrition quality of kiwifruits were employed for selenium fortification. The fertilization methods were root fertilization, foliar fertilization and combined fertilization on their corresponding fertilizing periods. The results demonstrated that selenium content of these three experimental groups was in the order of foliar fertilization>combined fertilization>root fertilization. Foliar fertilization with the dose of 0.5 kg was optimal, whose selenium content of kiwifruits increased by 103.5%. The vitamin C content of these three experimental groups was in the order of root fertilization>combined fertilization>foliar fertilization. Root fertilization with the dose of 0.5 kg was optimal, whose vitamin C content increased by 23%. However, the vitamin C content decreased as a result of foliar fertilization. The soluble solid content of these three experimental groups was in the order of foliar fertilization>combined fertilization>root fertilization. Foliar fertilization with the dose of 0.5 kg was optimal, whose the soluble solid content increased by 37.2%. Taking selenium content, nutrition quality, growth of plants and management costs of orchard into account, root fertilization at blossoming leaf stage with the dose of 0.5 kg selenium fertilizers was choosed as the optimal seleniumfortification technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative reactions of hemoglobin (Hb) are still a serious problem for Hb-based blood substitute development. Although varieties of antioxidant strategies have been suggested, this in vitro study examined the ability of the ascorbate, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxygen free radicals (TEMPO) and their reductant system in preventing Hb oxidation. The content of ferric Hb is monitored in the process of vitamin C (Vc), NAC, TEMPO and their reductant system. The results suggest that ascorbate is effective in reducing ferryl Hb, and TEMPO with Vc/NAC could obviously shorten the reaction time, but it does not play the role of Met-Hb reductases. It demonstrates that TEMPO did little to recover Hb under oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigation in order to develop a wear resistant composite coating for deposition to the working surfaces of breaking devices. The research is based on the idea of forming a positive gradien of mechanical properties of the coating. It was elaborated and tested a composite eatectic alloy based on steel 12Х18Н9Т. For better serviceability the thermalproperties of all components of the alloy were consedrered. It was also argued thet additional laser treatment of the surface contributes to better structure and tribological properties of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient temperature vacuum distillation in conjunction with headspace- solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was used to study the volatile compounds (VC) in Agaricus bisporus. Different extraction times 2, 3, 4 and 5 h were also tested against VC yield and 4 h was found to be the best extraction time with most of the compounds retrieved. No significant difference was found between the VC extracted in 4 and 5 h. The samples were analysed as fresh, boiled under reflux, dried and dried and then boiled under reflux. The major peaks identified in all treatments were 4-methyl, 3-penten-2one, benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, and 2-octen-1-ol, 1-octanol. Benzyl alcohol and 1-octen-3-one were identified whenever heat was applied while pyrazine, limonene, benzyl isothiocyanate, and 4 phenyl-2-butenal were detected in dried then boiled under reflux samples. Thermal processing affected the relative concentration of VC where a decrease in the relative concentration of the main C8 compounds was observed while other compounds, such as furfural, limonene, benzyl alcohol, 3, 5, 5-trimethyl- cyclohexen-2-one, were formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the p53 pathway genes and chromosomal damage in vinyl chloride (VC)-exposed workers. Materials and Methods: Cytokinesis block micronucleus test was performed in 310 VC-exposed workers and 149 non-exposed workers to determine chromosomal damage. The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique were used to detect six SNPs in the p53 pathway genes involved in the cell cycle. Results: There was a highly significant dose-response relationship between VC exposure and chromosomal damage. Individuals carrying the variant genotypes were at higher risk for chromosomal damage compared with their wild type genotype: p53rs1042522, MDM2 Del1518rs3730485, MDM2rs2279744 and GADD45Ars532446. On the other hand, individuals possessing the variant genotype of CDKN2A rs3088440 had significantly decreased risk compared with the corresponding wild-type. Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms in P53 pathway genes may have an impact on VC-induced chromosomal damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new code structure with ideal in-phase cross-correlation for the Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access (SAC-CDMA) system called Vectors Combinatorial (VC) code is proposed. VC code is constructed using Euclidian vectors and a simple algebraic way for any positive integer number based on the relationship between the number of users N and the weight W. We have also studied the performance of OCDMA systems using a newly proposed Direct Recovery Scheme (DRS) under various link parameters. The impact of the detection techniques and data rate effects on the Multi-User Interference (MUI) is reported using a commercial optical systems simulator, Virtual Instrument Photonic (VPI™). The VC code is compared mathematically with other codes which use similar techniques. We analyzed and optimized the data rate, fiber length, and channel spacing in order to reduce the BER effect. A comparison between complementary and DRS techniques for theoretical and simulation results taken from VP I™ is demonstrated. It is verified that, for a high data rate (higher than 2.5 Gb/s), even if dispersion compensated devices are not deployed, the BER can be significantly improved when the VC code with desired parameters are selected using DRS technique. Also, it is found that as the channel spacing width goes from very narrow to wide, the BER decreases and best performance occurs at a spacing bandwidth between 0.8 and 1nm. In addition, we have shown that the proposed new DRS technique utilizing VC code significantly improves the performance compared with the conventional SAC Complementary subtraction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal alloys with matrix based on an Fe-Al system are generally considered materials for high-temperature applications. Their main advantages are compact crystallographic structure, long-range ordering and structural stability at high temperatures. These materials are based on an intermetallic phase of FeAl or Fe3Al, which is stable in the range from room temperature up to the melting point of 1240°C. Their application at high temperatures is also beneficial because of the low cost of production, very good resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and high mechanical strength. The casting alloy the structure of which includes the FeAl phase is, among others, highaluminium cast iron. This study has been devoted to the determination of the effect of vanadium and titanium on the transformation of the high-aluminium cast iron structure into an in-situ FeAl-VC composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of funding is a major challenge to innovation in Canada's emerging technology industry. This article will focus on this supply-side challenge within the complex venture capital ecosystem and discuss: i) the current shortage of venture capital available to commercialize Canada's R&D ii) the causes and consequences of that venture capital shortage; iii) how the federal government will address this shortage through its innovative 2013 Venture Capital Action Plan, which commits $400 million and seeks to raise at least another $800 million from outside investors; and iv) how a separate decision in the federal 2013 budget to phase out federal tax credits for labour-sponsored venture capital funds could imperil the 2013 Venture Capital Action Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although information systems security is acknowledged as one of technology's most critical areas of need, there is a sizable gap between available technical approaches to security and the capabilities of current commercial products. This reflects acknowledged issues in technology transfer. The author, a veteran of both information security research and commercial security product venture capital organizations, provides a discussion of the motivations and considerations associated with this part of the technology transfer world. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective(s): As not only few evidences but also contradictory results exist with regard to the effects of resistance training (RT) and resistance plus endurance training (ERT) on respiratory system, so the purpose of this research was therefore to study single and concurrent effects of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary function. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven volunteer healthy inactive women were randomly divided into 4 groups: without training as control (C), Endurance Training (ET), RT, and ERT. A spirometry test was taken 24 hrs before and after the training course. The training period (8 weeks, 3 sessions/week) for ET was 20-26 min/session running with 60-80% maximum heart rate (HR max); for RT two circuits/session, 40-60s for each exercise with 60-80% one repetition maximum (1RM), and 1 and 3 minutes active rest between exercises and circuits respectively; and for ERT was in agreement with either ET or RT protocols, but the times of running and circuits were half of ET and RT. Results: ANCOVA showed that ET and ERT increased significantly (P< 0.05) vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flows to 25%-75%; ET, RT and ERT increased significantly (P< 0.05) maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV); and only ET increased significantly (P<0.05) peak expiratory flows (PEF); but ET, RT and ERT had no significant effect (P>0.05) on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/ FVC ratio. Conclusion: In conclusion, ET combined with RT (ERT) has greater effect on VC, FVC, FEF rating at25%-75%, and also on PEF except MVV, rather than RT, and just ET has greater effect rather than ERT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a serious pathological manifestation of vascular terminals and is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study explored the clinical value of serum microRNA-211-5p (miR-211-5p) in VC in patients with ESRD, this study was designed., Methods: The relative expression of miR-211-5p in the serum of the calcified group and the non-calcified group was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The clinical biochemical indexes and the expression differences in miR-211-5p expression in the serum of groups were compared by two independent samples t -test or nonparametric test or one-way analysis of variance test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analysis were carried out to analyze the predictive value of serum miR-211-5p in patients with ESRD., Results: The relative quantification of serum miR-211-5p was lessened in calcified group and gradually decreased with the progression of VC. Serum miR-211-5p had a high diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of VC progression in ESRD patients. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods revealed that miR-211-5p might be an independent biomarker for prognosis of ESRD patients., Conclusions: MiR-211-5p is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of VC in patients with ESRD.

Vitamin C (VC, l-ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in metabolism and functions as a potent antioxidant in regulating the S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation of target proteins. The precise function of VC deprivation in glucose homeostasis is still unknown. In the absence of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, an essential enzyme for the last step of VC synthesis, VC deprivation resulted in persistent hypoglycemia and subsequent impairment of cognitive functions in female but not male mouse pups. The cognitive disorders caused by VC deprivation were largely reversed when these female pups were given glucose. VC deprivation-induced S-nitrosylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Cys14, which activated GSK3β and inactivated glycogen synthase to decrease glycogen synthesis and storage under the feeding condition, while VC deprivation inactivated glycogen phosphorylase to decrease glycogenolysis under the fasting condition, ultimately leading to hypoglycemia and cognitive disorders. Treatment with Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, on the other hand, effectively prevented S-nitrosylation and activation of GSK3β in female pups in response to the VC deprivation and reversed hypoglycemia and cognitive disorders. Overall, this research identifies S-nitrosylation of GSK3β and subsequent GSK3β activation as a previously unknown mechanism controlling glucose homeostasis in female pups in response to VC deprivation, implying that VC supplementation in the prevention of hypoglycemia and cognitive disorders should be considered in the certain groups of people, particularly young females., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Taking the SPI optical fiber laser as an example, we introduce the pulse output mode of operation. VC is used to control the STC12C5A60S2 chip to generate PWM wave with adjustable frequency (500Hz ~ 200kHz) and duty cycle to control the fiber laser. At the same time, VC is used to change the laser power through the RS232. The test result shows that this control system can control the laser rapidily and stablily and it meets the needs of industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY It is an established trend that CPU development takes advantage of Moore's Law to improve in parallelism much more than in scalar execution speed. This results in higher hardware thread counts (MIMD) and improved vector units (SIMD), of which the MIMD developments have received the focus of library research and development in recent years. To make use of the latest hardware improvements, SIMD must receive a stronger focus of API research and development because the computational power can no longer be neglected and often auto-vectorizing compilers cannot generate the necessary SIMD code, as will be shown in this paper. Nowadays, the SIMD capabilities are sufficiently significant to warrant vectorization of algorithms requiring more conditional execution than was originally expected for Streaming SIMD Extension to handle. The Vc library (http://compeng.uni-frankfurt.de/?vc) was designed to support developers in the creation of portable vectorized code. Its capabilities and performance have been thoroughly tested. Vc provides portability of the source code, allowing full utilization of the hardware's SIMD capabilities, without introducing any overhead. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Belt-like V2O3 encapsulated into carbon tubes (V2O3/C) core–shell structured composite and vanadium carbide (VC) nanobelts have been successfully synthesized by the thermal treatment with VO2/C core–shell structured composite through adjusting the heating temperature for the first time. The amorphous carbon on the surface of VO2 plays a dual role in this thermal process, namely as the reductant to reduce VO2 to V2O3 or VC, and as the carbon precursor for the V2O3/C carbon shell and VC. The as-obtained samples were respectively characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Raman spectrum, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. V2O3/C was successfully synthesized at 700–900°C for 2h, and VC nanobelts were successfully prepared at 1000°C for 2h. The as-obtained V2O3/C composite and VC nanobelts contain C–H groups, which will facilitate the linkage of catalytic species or polymers to the surface in their potential applications. V2O3/C composite has higher specific surface area than that of VC due to the amorphous carbon coated on the surface of V2O3. Furthermore, the thermal stability of VC in air was investigated by Thermo-Gravimetric/Differential Thermal Analyzer, revealing that it had good thermal stability and oxidation resistance below 335°C in air. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A 1.28ha free water surface wetland was constructed and operated for 11 years for the purpose of reducing chlorinated ethenes in a contaminated groundwater plume in midwestern USA. The gravity fed wetland received an average of 148m3/d of intercepted groundwater at a mean annual temperature of 12.4°C. After startup, plume concentrations were approximately 2000μg/L of trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1000μg/L of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), and were reduced to below 25μg/L each on an annual basis. Vinyl chloride (VC) was reduced from 21μg/L in the plume to 2.9μg/L at the wetland outlet annually, below regulatory limits. Rates of removal were the highest in spring, and the lowest in winter. Flows were mildly variable across seasons, but dissolved oxygen (DO) was very high in spring, and very low in late summer. Tracer tests helped to delineate flow patterns. During the project lifetime, modifications were made, including filling deep zones to discourage muskrats, adding interior finger berms to improve hydraulics, and adding an effluent recirculation (recycle) system to degrade VC during times of low DO. The wetland system developed rapidly to a vegetatively diverse and healthy ecosystem, supporting over 60 bird species and numerous other animal species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper investigates the performance of vector combinatorial (VC) code for spectral amplitude coding optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system using a newly proposed subtract exclusive OR detection (SED) technique. VC code is constructed using Euclidean vector and algebraic ways. One of the important properties of this code is that the maximum cross correlation is one, which means that multi-user interference (MUI) and phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) are reduced. The weight for the VC code can be any positive integer number. The system performance was evaluated by comparing the theoretical studies using related equations and simulation results taken from the commercial optical systems, “VPI™ TransmissionMaker 7.1”. Significant improvement in system performances has been observed when the proposed SED technique employing VC code was applied compared to other codes that utilize conventional balance detection techniques for spectral amplitude coding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: In this paper, I will discuss the storage format of earthquake exploration data CST, and introduce the read, format transformation and storage of data in VC environment in detail. And finally will introduce the process of visualization of earth quake exploration data CST in VC environment, meanwhile, according to the requirements of data feature and graphical transformation, I use specific solutions and strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simulation models of traction driver systems were established using SIMULINK, according to the actual structure and parameters of China Railway High-Speed 2 (CRH2) and China Railway High-Speed 3 (CRH3) trains. In these models, the traction motor adopts transient current control and an indirect rotor magnetic field orientation vector control strategy, and the traction converter uses sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) methods. After these models are transformed in VC++ program, and a friendly interface and data processing system are constructed, simulation software is obtained for CRH2 and CRH3 traction driver systems. On this basis, the operational performance of a traction converter was simulated and analyzed at different train speeds and in different conditions. The simulation results can provide a reference for the actual design and production of a traction converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery featuring graphite anode, LiFePO4-C cathode and an innovative, safe, ionic liquid-based electrolyte, was assembled and characterized in terms of specific energy and power after the USABC-DOE protocol for power-assist hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application. The test results show that the battery surpasses the energy and power goals stated by USABC-DOE and, hence, this safe lithium-ion battery should be suitable for application in the evolving HEV market. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]