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V magistrskem delu je obravnavana informacijska pismenost, katere obvladovanjeje ključno za življenje v sodobnem času. Sestavlja jo skupek veščin, pomembnih za uspešno iskanje, analizo in uporabo informacij. V pomoč pri določanju veščin, ki naj bi jih posameznik obvladoval, so izdelani različni standardi. V Sloveniji sta v uporabi dva sklopa standardov, in sicer Merila in kazalci informacijske pismenosti v visokem šolstvu ter Standardi za učenca 21. stoletja. Glavni namen magistrskega dela predstavlja ocenjevanje informacijske pismenosti študentov Univerze v Ljubljani. Za osnovo pri ocenjevanju sta bila uporabljena prva dva standarda iz publikacije Standardi za učenca 21. stoletja in na podlagi njiju so bili izdelani anketni vprašalnik, raziskovalna sled ter preglednica dosežkov. Predstavljena so področja, na katerih študentje precenjujejo oz. podcenjujejo svoje sposobnosti. Posebna pozornost je namenjena tako veščinam, ki študentom predstavljajo težave, kot tudi tistim, ki jih dobro obvladajo. Hkrati so se ugotavljale tudi razlike med študenti družboslovja/humanistike in naravoslovja/tehnike. Izvedena raziskava poskuša opozoriti na pomen izobraževanja s področja informacijske pismenosti ter vključitev tovrstnih vsebin v študijske programe. In this master's thesis the information literacy, a mastery of which is essential for the life in these contemporary times, has been subjected to discussion. It consists of a set of skills necessary for a successful searching, analyzing and also for the use of information. In order to provide the assistance in determining the skills to be dominated by an individual, different standards have been issued, of which two sets being currently used in Slovenia - Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education and Standards for the 21st-century Learner. The basic task of this masterʼs thesis is to present the evaluation of information literacy of students from the University of Ljubljana. For the purposes of evaluating, the first two standards of the Standards for the 21st-Century Learner publication were involved, and on which basis a questionnaire, the research trail and rubric were designed. Furthermore, the fields in which students overestimate or underestimate their skills are also introduced in this work. Special attention has been paid both to the skills posing problems to the students as well as to those which students find easy to overcome most successfully. At the same time, differences between students of social sciences/humanities and natural science/technology have been established. The carried out research emphasizes the importance of training in information literacy and the involvement of such subject matters into the study courses.

V magistrskem delu so obravnavani spletni referenčni servisi, saj si lahko z njihovo uporabo marsikdo olajša življenje. Omogočajo hitro pridobitev informacij, brez da bi moral posameznik zapustiti svoje stanovanje, potrebuje le internetno povezavo. Ravno tako lahko uporabnik zastavi svoje vprašanje kadarkoli, ne glede na čas. Poznamo tako komercialne referenčne servise, kjer na vprašanja, ki jih zastavi posameznik lahko odgovarja kdorkoli, kot tudi knjižnične referenčne servise kjer odgovarjajo usposobljeni strokovnjaki. Pri obeh vrstah obstajajo različne možne oblike komunikacije, najpogosteje posameznik na posebno mesto zapiše svoje vprašanje, nato pa nanj v določenem času prejme odgovor. Glavni namen magistrskega dela predstavlja ugotavljanje kvalitete podanih odgovorov spletnih referenčnih servisov - tako referenčnih servisov kjer odgovarjajo uporabniki kot tudi tistih kjer odgovarjajo knjižničarji. S primerjavo je bilo ugotovljeno kateri nudijo kvalitetnejše odgovore ter kje so vidne njihove pomanjkljivosti. Pozornost je posvečena tudi poznavanju in uporabi spletnih referenčnih servisov ter ugotovitvam, katerim spletnim referenčnim servisom uporabniki bolj zaupajo in zakaj. Rezultati omogočajo boljše delo spletnih referenčnih servisov v prihodnosti, saj so bila ugotovljena področja kjer so odgovori pomanjkljivi ter predstavljeni razlogi uporabnikov za morebitno nezaupanje v določene spletne referenčne servise. This master degree thesis is discussing the online reference services, since they enable anybody to ease his life by using them. They are able to provide information to the user who has no need to leave the house, but to be connected to the Internet. Furthermore, the user is always able to set any question no matter the time. Among such services, there are so called the commercial ones providing answers to any questions provided by anybody as well as the library services that involve experts to give proper answers. Both services involve various possible ways of communication of which the most common is inserting the question into the specific field to be consequently given the answer on it within a certain period of time. The fundamental task of this master degree thesis is the presentation of the quality of answers provided by online reference services - the ones which answers are provided by the users as well as those that employ librarians. The comparison, however, unveiled the services which answers were found to be of the best quality and also their significant deficiencies. Much attention was also paid to the familiarity and use of reference services and to the findings about which reference services were found more trustful and why. The gained results enable a better future work of reference services, since the research discovered groups of insufficient answers provided. Furthermore, the reasons why users showed eventual distrust at using particular reference services were also presented.

The subject of my master thesis is the research of the users' needs in some of the public libraries in the Republic of Macedonia. Every library exists to serve the needs of its community. This work is pointed towards the fundamental elements and aspects of satisfying the users through variety of services in the public libraries, as well as the impact of the new information-communication technology that has entered through the big door in the libraries in Macedonia. The research is based on a survey of users and potential users of library services. This work includes users and potential users of the services and the information sources in the public libraries with wide range of professional background: pupils, students, employed users, academic professionals, unemployed users or retired users. The study covers survey participants with different views and different needs and expectations from a library use. The survey questionnaire incorporates questions about different aspects of the participants' needs and expectations covering different needs, behavior, information resources, and desired functions for services, retrieval and interfaces in libraries. The results are obtained through statistical analyses and clustering methods. Their result statements of the users should give a direction to which the libraries should act in the future for a more efficient satisfaction of the usersʼ needs. As libraries entered the new century, they are encountering numerous developments that present both challenges and opportunities. Some of the key developments include: a user-centered orientation, a team-based work environment, steady or diminishing resources, and more pervasive technology. The results are aimed to induce other subsequent researches relating the needs and the expectations of the users and present a starting point for the future generations, which would show interest for this kind of analyses in the sphere of the librarianship. This work should picture the present condition of the public librarianship in Macedonia and public library users in the information society, where the innovations of the communication technology play a major role. The overall objective of the study is to assess the efficiency of the public libraries in relation with the usersʼ needs, including the selection and the adequacy of the library stock, use of the library and its services by the actual and potential users, as well as their users' expectations and behavior. The study employed descriptive as well explorative research design without proposing any hypothesis for testing. Both primary and secondary data were used, but primary data were mainly used to analyze the present knowledge and behavior. The work assumes a particular importance because, until now, no evaluation had been made of the library users' needs at the public libraries in Macedonia therefore the purpose of this research was therefore to fill the gap as there is an ever growing need to evaluate the direction of changes the usersʼ needs and preferences. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were made, typical of social science research. The results obtained will certainly help to improve the usability of the public libraries. It should be considered here, in what extent the traditional library has retained its position, or in what degree the new technology has left a place for the classic library and the traditional way of working in the age of information society. Predmet mojega magistrskega dela je raziskava potreb uporabnikov v nekaterih javnih knjižnicah v Republiki Makedoniji. Vsaka knjižnica obstaja zato, da služi potrebam svojih skupnosti. To delo je usmerjeno proti temeljnim elementom in vidikom zadovoljstva uporabnikov storitev javnih knjižnic, kot tudi vpliv nove informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije, ki je vstopila skozivelika vrata v knjižnicah v Makedoniji. Raziskava temelji na anketi uporabnikov in potencialnih uporabnikov storitev knjižnice. To delo vključuje uporabnike in potencialne uporabnike storitev in informacijskih virov v splošnih knjižnicah s številnimi strokovnimi izkušnjami: dijak[e], študent[e], zaposlene uporabnike, akademske strokovnjak[e], brezposeln[e] uporabnik[e] ali upokojene uporabnike. Študija zajema anketirance z različnimi pogledi in različnimi potrebami in pričakovanji do uporabe knjižnice. Vprašalnik vsebuje vprašanja o različnih vidikih uporabniških potreb in pričakovanj, ki pokrivajo različne potrebe po storitvah, njihovo vedenje, informacijske vire in želene funkcije storitev, iskanja in vmesnikov v knjižnicah. Rezultati so pridobljeni s statističnimi analizami in povezovanjem metod. Rezultati raziskav uporabnikov morajo dati smer, kako naj knjižnice delujejo tudi v prihodnje za učinkovitejšo zadovoljstvo uporabnikov. Ko knjižnice vstopijo v novo stoletje, se srečujejo [s] številn[imi] dogodk[i], ki predstavljajo tako izzive [kot] priložnosti. Nekater[i] izmed ključnih dogodkov vključujejo: uporabniško usmerjenost, [ekipno] delovno okolje, stalno zmanjševanj[e] sredstev, in bolj prodorno tehnologijo. Rezultati so namenjeni za pospeševanje drugih kasnejših raziskav, ki se nanašajo na potrebe in pričakovanja uporabnikov ter predstaviti izhodišča za prihodnje generacije, ki bi pokazali zanimanje za tovrstne analize na področju bibliotekarstv[a]. To delo bi moralo predstavlja[ti] sedanje stanje javnega knjižničarstva [in uporabnikov] v Makedoniji v informacijski družbi, kjer novosti komunikacijske tehnologije igrajo pomembno vlogo. Splošni cilj študije je oceniti učinkovitost javnih knjižnic v zvezi s potrebami uporabnikov, vključno z izborom in ustreznost[jo] knjižnične zaloge, uporabo knjižnice in njenih storitev, ki jih [vidijo] dejanski in potencialni uporabnik[i], kot tudi uporabnišk[a] pričakovanj[a] in vedenja. Študija [je] opisna in raziskovaln[a]in ni predlagala nobenih hipotez za testiranje. Tako na primarni[kot] sekundarni podatki so bili uporabljeni, [primarni] podatki so bili v glavnem uporablj[eni] za analizo sedanjega znanja in vedenja. Delo [ima] poseben pomen, ker do sedaj ni bila narejena ocena knjižnica potreb uporabnikov javnih knjižnic v Makedoniji in namen raziskave je bil torej zapolnitev [te] vrzeli, saj je vse večja potreba po [takih] ocenah. Dobljeni rezultati bodo zagotovo pomagali izboljšati uporabnost javnih knjižnic. Treba je upoštevati, v kolikšni meri je tradicionalna knjižnica ohranila svoj položaj, ali v kolikšni meri je nova tehnologija pustil[a] prostor za klasične knjižnice in tradicionaln[i] način dela v času informacijske družbe.

Branje je pomembna dejavnost, ki vpliva na osebnostni razvoj posameznika in učno uspešnost. Tako v magistrski nalogi, ki je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela, predstavljamo nekaj večjih tem, kot so branje, vrste branja, bralna pismenost in bralne stopnje za obdobje mladostništva. Dotaknemose tudi bralne motivacije in zunanjih motivacijskih dejavnikov, ki jih ponuja knjižnica. Drugi, empirični del, v uvodu predstavlja teoretična izhodišča za izvajanje knjižničnih dejavnosti v Šolskem centru Ptuj za spodbujanje branja. Osrednji del pa predstavlja raziskavo in analizo podatkov, ki smo jo pridobili z anketnim vprašalnikom med srednješolskimi knjižničarji na Štajerskem, Koroškem in v Prekmurju. Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, koliko pozornosti pri svojem delu posvečajo bralni pismenosti, pomembnosti izvajanja bralnih dejavnosti v srednji šoli, katere izvajajo in kako pogosto, na kakšne težave naletijo, kdo jim pri tem pomaga, koliko vedo o bralni pismenosti in njenem poučevanju, kateri so tisti zunanji motivacijski dejavniki, ki jih ponudi knjižnica za spodbujanje branja. Raziskava je tako pokazala, da med posameznimi pismenostmi ni velikih odstopanj, da večina knjižničarjev ocenjuje izvajanje bralne dejavnosti kot delno pomembno, jih pa kljub temu izvajajo, da imajo knjižničarji dovolj znanj o bralnih pismenosti, premalo pa o njenem poučevanju, da so vsa pridobljena znanja pridobili na izobraževanjih po študiju in da je knjižničar tisti, ki najuspešnejše motivira dijake za branje. Reading is a vital activity which influences the development of an individual and the success of their studies. This thesis, which consists of a theoretical and an empirical part, presents some of the major topics, such as reading, kinds of reading, reading literacy and reading levels for the age of adolescence. In the thesis we also deal with reading motivation and external motivational factors which are offered by a library. The second, empirical part of the thesis, begins with the presentation of theoretical points used for the execution of librarian activities in School centre Ptuj to stimulate reading. The central part of the thesis consists of a research and an analysis of the data acquired with a questionnaire executed among the librarians working in secondary school libraries in Styria, Koroška and Prekmurje regions. The aim of our research was to establish how many librarians during their work concentrate on reading literacy. We also researched the importance of executing reading activities in secondary schools, the type of activities and how often they are carried out in the libraries, the problems they come across, who helps the librarians solve these problems, how much they are acquainted with reading literacy and its promotion, and the types of external motivational factors offered by libraries to encourage reading. The research has pointed out that there are no considerable deviations among individual literacies and that the majority of the librarians estimate the execution of reading activities as partially vital, but nevertheless, they decide to execute them. It has also been established that librarians possess sufficient knowledge on reading literacy and lack adequate knowledge on teaching reading literacy. Beside this, we have found out that the librarians acquired all the knowledge on this topic after their studies and that a librarian is the person who can motivate students for reading most successfully.

This study presents the survey about the information and other needs of library users of Romanian minority in Voivodina. The main aim of this study is to reveal that public libraries that collect publications in Romanian language and their services need to develop and modernize in the spirit of the digital age, with the purpose to meet the information and other needs of its users. The survey was carried out over a six months period, from June to December 2013. The survey covered web-based and ordinary questionnaires for users and interview for librarians. The data were gathered from library users and librarians of four public libraries in Voivodina that collect publications in Romanian language, these libraries being located in Alibunar, Torak, Uzdin and Vrsac. Totally 41 valid questionnaires and 4 interview responses were gathered and used for analysis. Although the results of the research may not be valid for the whole population, because the response rate was rather small, compared with other similar researches and considering homogeneity of population, some general conclusions were made. The results of this research are compared with the results of similar researches of national minority library users from Croatia, England and Sweden. The results of this research reveal the information and other needs of library users of Romanian minority. The results reveal which are the most needed library information resources, the preferable language of library information service, satisfaction with library, frequency of library use etc. The results are presented by utilizing descriptive statistics. The value and originality of this study lays in the fact that this is the first attempt to do the empirical research on the topic of user needs of any national minority library users in Serbia. Therefore, this research can be perceived as a pilot project. It can be used as a starting point for compiling a large national project that will help improvement of all libraries of national minority library users in Serbian multicultural region Voivodina. This research could also inspire librarians for further multicultural library and information science researches.

Zdravje je postalo eno izmed najbolj iskanih in razširjenih tem tako v medijih kot v vsakdanjem življenju vsakega posameznika. S pomočjo razvoja različnih medijev in strokovnega znanja smo svoje znanje o zdravju postopoma nadgradili, nenehna komunikacija pa je doprinesla k temu, da smo tudi vedno bolj obveščeni. In čeprav so predniki večkrat svoje zdravje prepuščali zgolj strokovnjakom, se dandanes o svojem zdravju informiramo sami. Aktivno in pasivno spremljanje različnih podatkov, informacij in dejstev s področja medicine je tako postala stalnica, informacijski viri pa se po svoji točnosti velikokrat razlikujejo. Health has become one of the most sought-after and extended topics in the media and in everyday life of each individual. With the development of various media and expertise we upgraded our knowledge, constant communication is contributed to the fact that we are also becoming more informed. Although our ancestors trusted only a doctor, nowadays we trust ourselves and searched informations. Active and passive monitoring of various data, information and facts in the field of medicine has also become a fixture, but not the all information sources are trustful and correct.

This thesis is about the Albanian public's understanding and awareness of Information Literacy (IL) and the role of libraries in implementing policies, fostering Life Long Learning (LLL), and IL. Our research, carried out through a questionnaire, targets the national level, but for the purpose of this research , was distributed only in Central Albania. The survey has shown, that the government and its ministries, libraries and universities, lack an understanding of the concept and use of IL. There are no national strategies, programmes, seminars or IL courses offered or planned to be offered yet, within the various curricula. The concept is often confused with Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and libraries also lack the right infrastructure to support the development of a global knowledge society. Our findings and conclusions on the current state of IL, as it affects the daily life of Albanians, shed light on the importance of IL in the future development of Albanian citizens. This study wants to promote a national discussion on IL issues and it will be helpful for the ministries, libraries, universities, as well as other governmental institutions, to prepare "A National Action Plan" for Information Literacy and its future in Albania. New library and education strategies and initiatives will be proposed, including the outlining of changes in curricula, support and advancement, in the following document. Information Literacy is urgently needed in Albania. New realities require new skills to navigate, evaluate and use information. Universities, libraries and library associations, collaborating with other institutions, are crucial in assisting all levels of users in using information properly in professional and daily life decisions. Magistrsko delo se ukvarja z raziskovanjem informacijske pismenosti (IP) v Albaniji in vlogo knjižnic pri vzpostavljanju in izvajanju politike opismenjevanja in vseživljenjskega učenja. Uporabljena je bila raziskovalna metoda ankete. Cilj raziskave je bil prispevati nacionalno razpravo o vprašanjih IP in koristiti ministrstvom, knjižnicam, univerzam in drugim državnim institucijam pri pripravi nacionalnega akcijskega načrta za IP in njeno prihodnost v Albaniji. Raziskava je pokazala pomanjkanje razumevanja koncepta IP med raznimi akterji od vlade, ministrstev do knjižnic in univerz. Albanija nima nacionalne strategije niti programov in seminarjev na temo magistrskega dela. Sam koncept IP je pogosto zamenjan z konceptom Informacije in komuniciranje. Tudi knjižnice nimajo ustrezne infrastrukture, da bi razvijale znanje v družbi. Naši rezultati in zaključki o trenutnem stanju IP in njenem vplivu na albansko vsakdanje življenje bodo osvetlili pomen IL v prihodnjem razvoju albanske družbe in albanskih državljanov. Predlagamo nove knjižnice in izobraževalne strategije in pobude, vključno s spremembami v učnih načrtih in drugih dokumentih. Informacijska pismenost je nujno potrebna v Albaniji. Nove razmere zahtevajo nova znanja in spretnosti za navigacijo, vrednotiti in uporabljati podatke. Univerze, knjižnice, knjižnična združenja v sodelovanju z drugimi institucijami so ključnega pomena, da bi se državljane usposobilo za ustrezno uporabo informacij v strokovnih in vsakodnevnih življenjskih odločitvah.