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The aim of this study is to offer a close look to the labour carried out by women in Costa Rica according to the 1864 and 1883 censuses and to establish their relationships with gender representations through a comparative perspective. The results reveal that there were evident quantitative changes from one census to the other and that the said changes were related not only to economic, but also to cultural factors, associated to gender representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People prefer urban living spaces to live due to the development of technology, the high level of institutionalization, the abundance and diversity of business areas . Intensive migration from rural areas to cities causes an increase in the search for new settlements in cities, infrastructure problems, transportation problems, education and health problems. In addition, although the geographical conditions are not suitable and the risk of natural disasters is high, it causes people to live in houses built in settlements defined as disaster areas (fault line). This situation causes social resilience to decrease and vulnerabilities to increase in case of any disaster. Resilience varies according to personality traits, gender, educational level, social status, urban infrastructure and geographical location. Disadvantaged groups such as women, children and disabled elderly are much more affected by these disasters. The resilience of women identified among disadvantaged groups is lower due to their gender roles. In this context, the main problem of the study is that the disadvantage brought by gender inequality increases the vulnerability of women in the earthquake. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the vulnerabilities of women resulting from their gender roles in the earthquake and the reasons for these vulnerabilities. The study consists of three parts. The first section includes information about women's gender roles, natural disasters and vulnerabilities caused by natural disasters, and the method of the study. In the method of the study, interpretive epistemology was used and the interview technique, which is a qualitative research technique, was applied. The data analysis obtained through the interview technique was interpreted using critical discourse analysis. In the second chapter, the research findings of the study are included and the vulnerabilities experienced by women affected by the earthquake are discussed from a sociological perspective. It is noteworthy in the findings of the study that women are exposed to gender inequality before, during and after the disaster. The conclusion section includes conceptual and theoretical discussions regarding the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is no definitive date for the crime of theft, it can be said that - just like other crimes - it is an action that can be traced back to human existence. The crime of theft has expanded to include crimes committed primarily by individuals, and in the process of socialization, by society. When evaluated at an individual level, for the actions to be committed, at least two people are needed, namely the defendant and the plaintiff, to carry out the action. At this stage, it can be thought that the crime will have a more limited area in terms of size and materiality, while the impact and punishments of crimes committed in society during the socialization process will be more comprehensive. It will be tried to determine whether theft was turned into a business in society in the classical period Ottoman Üsküdar, whether it was done individually or with professional teams. In addition, the study will try to answer many problematic questions such as what the sanctions of the Sharia law rules were for those who committed the crime of theft whether penalties were applied, and in what cases they were applied, by investigating the cases and their results reflected in the Üsküdar courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Kawistara is the property of Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of tattoos in antiquity is a widely extended practice that, in the case of the Thracian people, was believed to be traditionally linked to the feminine element. However, as we will see through both Hellenic and Thracian written sources and iconography, this practice extended to the male element as well, and its function was not to be a symbol of sin committed or anger provoked by the murder of Orpheus. The Thracian tattoo really had a multiple meaning, related not only to social status but also to beauty, and, above all, it was an apparently voluntary practice, not imposed, that the Greeks tried to explain from the perspective of their own beliefs about the barbaric and foreign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arabic Language & Literature (1735-9767) is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BUGU Journal of Language & Education / BUGU Dil ve Eğitim Dergisi is the property of BUGU Journal of Language & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Political Science Studies / Studia Politologiczne is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Social Research / Turkiye Sosyal Arastirmalar Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: First, second and third-hand smoke exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy is one of the most serious public health problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is a serious chronic disease and the smoker is a patient who needs frequent medical intervention. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the influence of primary, secondary and tertiary exposure to cigarette smoke on both pregnancy and the fetus. METHODS: For the systematic review, articles were searched in the Medline online database using keywords ("smoking or tobacco or first hand smoke exposure or second hand smoke exposure or third hand smoke exposure" and "pregnancy or fetus"). The inclusion criteria for the search of the articles were the studies in the Greek and international literature referring to smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS: From the literature review 10,928 results of studies were found, 298 were selected for further evaluation and based on the "inclusion-exclusion" criteria 22 studies were selected to be analyzed. The analysis of the studies found that primary, secondary and tertiary exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy results in a range of complications in both the fetus and the neonate. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation at any stage of pregnancy has beneficial benefits for both mother and fetus. Therefore, abstinence from smoking during pregnancy is necessary for the smooth development of the fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Childbirth experiences depend on environmental factors, the provision of qualified medical and non-medical care, and the woman's psychological well-being. Stress experienced during pregnancy and childbirth affects a woman's psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the care of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania. METHODS This qualitative study used an interview method to reveal women's childbirth experiences during and before the pandemic in Lithuania. The data obtained during the interview were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Interviews were taken from 15 women who gave birth at least twice, i.e. the first time until March 2020 (but not earlier than March 2019) and gave birth again during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - January 2021). RESULTS A total of 15 women participanted in the interviews. The experience of childbirth before the COVID-19 pandemic was seen as largely positive by women, but childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic was mentioned as more complex and negative because of the challenges posed by the pandemic, but easier for other reasons not affected by the pandemic. The results of our study show that a higher proportion of women were satisfied with delivery care in hospitals, were happy, and praised the work of midwives and other staff, which mainly contributed to a positive experience. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic posed particular challenges to women's childbirth experiences, and not enough attention was paid to mental health. The stress that was exacerbated during the pandemic period had a profound impact on the pregnant woman in Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sri Lanka is a small-scale industry in the Global South. The hegemonic patriarchy of the industry, accelerated by various industrial, socio-political, and cultural matters directly affects the representation of women’s cinema in the country. This study aims to look at the female representation throughout the entire evolution of Sri Lankan women’s cinema and the state of their filmmaking practices, which is a rare study area. Further, the examination of the historical context and current trends of this paper will further seek to provide insights into the future development of the representation of women in Sri Lankan cinema.

BackgroundMigraine is a highly underestimated and burdensome disease. Real-world studies evidence that migraine is more frequent and severe in women than men. However, to this day, no diagnostic-therapeutic pathways exist to satisfy the specific needs of female patients.MethodsIn this study, migraine experts, specialists in women’s health, patient, and decision makers, analyzed the diagnostic and therapeutic options for women with migraine across various ages and health conditions within the Italian healthcare system. A Delphi approach was used to formulate statements and achieve a consensus.ResultsGaps in clinical practice were identified, and strategies to accommodate women’s needs were proposed. The experts agreed that a socio-behavioral intervention should be planned before any pharmacological treatment in pediatric/adolescent female patients and that the assessment of migraine with aura is considered crucial for adult women requiring contraceptive therapy. Acupuncture emerged as an effective treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women, and hormone-replacement therapy selection in menopausal patients requires careful consideration to mitigate safety risks. The experts highlighted the absence of literature and guidelines for the management of migraine in women undergoing assisted reproductive procedures or oncological treatment. In light of these observations, the experts advocated the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborations between neurologists/headache specialists and other healthcare professionals, including general practitioners, pediatricians, gynecologists, and oncologists. Comprehensive migraine education for all healthcare professionals potentially involved in managing the disease, including pharmacists, was emphasized. Efforts to increase migraine awareness among women should be prioritized.ConclusionThe insights gained from this Italian consensus study should serve to develop an improved, female-specific pathway to diagnose and treat migraine.

IntroductionObesity aligned with quadriceps muscle weakness contributes to the high incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), which is prevalent in women. Although molecular signatures of KOA have been suggested, the association between biopsychosocial responses and the plasma metabolomic profile in overweight/ obese women with KOA remains in its early stages of investigation. This study aims to associate the plasma metabolome with biopsychosocial parameters of overweight/obese women diagnosed with KOA.MethodsTwenty-eight overweight/obese women (Control-n = 14; KOA-n = 14) underwent two visits to the laboratory. Functional tests and questionnaires assessing biopsychosocial parameters were administered during the first visit. After 48 h, the participants returned to the laboratory for blood collection. Specific to the KOA condition, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were appliedResultsThirteen molecules were different between groups, and four correlated with KOA’s biopsychosocial parameters. DG 22:4-2OH and gamma-Glutamylvaline were inversely associated with KOSS leisure and TSK score, respectively. LysoPE 18:0 and LysoPE 20:5 were positively associated with KOSS symptoms and TSK score, respectively.DiscussionWhile the correlations of LysoPE 18:0 and gamma-Glutamylvaline are supported by existing literature, this is not the case for DG 22:4-2OH and LysoPE 20:5. Further studies are recommended to better elucidate these correlations before dismissing their potential involvement in the biopsychosocial factors of the disease.

Penglipuran Village is a popular destination for tourists seeking to experience the essence of Bali. Known for its environmentally friendly settlement, Penglipuran is distinguished by its orderly and symmetrical buildings, each with a uniform main gate called Angkul-Angkul. The community places great value on upholding the honor of women in Bali. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential scenarios that could empower women in the tourism industry and determine the sensitivity of scenarios that drive tourism sustainability in Penglipuran Village. This was achieved using the SMIC-Prob Expert model. The analysis identified three main priority scenarios: (1) working as usual, (2) improving side businesses, and (3) changing the profession. The results indicate that the scenario combination with the highest probability is "110," with an opportunity size of 0.138. This combination, where women continue to work as usual (PrimJob) and focus on the improvement of side businesses (SidePrim), is the best option for women tourism actors to support the sustainability of tourism in Penglipuran Village. Sensitivity analysis, measured by elasticity, identifies SidePrim as the "prime mover" or main driver of tourism sustainability. By implementing improvements in side businesses, women’s involvement in tourism can significantly contribute to achieving future goals alongside stakeholders and the government.

In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at both micro and macro levels of society. Therefore, this study adopts a novel approach to examining the type of coverage for female students, focusing on the impact of two variables: spirituality as a cultural-social variable at the macro level and self-perception as a human cognitive variable at the micro level. The study employs a combination of library research and field surveys, utilizing software such as SPSS, PLS 3, and Excel.The study population consists of 1001 female students, with a sample size of 277. The findings reveal a significant relationship between spirituality and self-perception, as well as between self-perception and type of coverage, as indicated by the Spearman test. The t-test value demonstrates that spirituality directly influences individuals' self-perception, with spirituality accounting for 0.230 of the variance in self-perception based on the coefficient of determination (r2). Similarly, self-perception explains 0.125 of the variance in type of coverage.With a path coefficient of -0.496 and a t-value of 5.456, spirituality significantly impacts self-perception. Likewise, self-perception significantly influences type of coverage, with a path coefficient of -0.379 and a t-value of 3.245. Among the dimensions of spirituality, spiritual needs emerge as the most influential, while among the dimensions of self-perception, social skills are identified as the most significant.‌Spirituality, Self-Concept, Type of Clothing, Religion, Woman ‌‌IntroductionThe ongoing processes in Western and Eastern societies indicate growing concerns about physical appearance. Today, the issue of women's clothing and hijab is a prominent challenge and topic of discussion. There are various academic, political, and public debates surrounding women's clothing. Numerous cultural norms dictate women's public appearance in contemporary societies, with considerable diversity even within the United States.Although people from different cultures, regions, and civilizations follow different clothing styles, beliefs also influence these choices; therefore, the clothes we wear reflect our religious identity and the chastity associated with it. Culture is an area that requires scientific and precise research due to its extensive influence, the importance of its issues, and its real impact. One important aspect of culture is the identity and perception of self by individuals. Self-perception refers to an individual's ability to understand themselves and their needs; moreover, self-perception determines how individuals behave and make decisions. Research on the self-image and spirituality of female university students can further enhance our understanding of the mental and spiritual health of young women.Therefore, in this study, we focus on the role of spirituality in shaping self-image and how this self-image influences the type of clothing worn by women. Additionally, we contribute to the literature on self-perception. From Geertz's perspective, religion, like individuals, serves to uplift society, and collective consciousness is a prerequisite for it. Thus, the existence of religion depends on the existence of society. Geertz views religion as a blueprint of culture. Alongside common sense, art, empirical sciences, and ideology, religion constructs a cultural system.Peter Berger's theories on sociology and knowledge theory emphasize secularization in the modern world. There is a close relationship between Peter Berger's sociology of religion and his theories of knowledge. According to Berger's view, religion and knowledge are both influenced by context, text, environment, and language, as knowledge and reality are intertwined with social contexts. MethodologyThis research aims to test the following hypotheses: A) It seems that spirituality impacts the self-image of female university students in Shiraz. B) It seems that spirituality impacts the type of clothing worn by female university students in Shiraz through self-image. This study is a fundamental applied study with an emphasis on quantitative and cross-sectional methodology, aimed at advancing our understanding in the fields of spirituality, self-perception, and clothing.The study population consists of female students from the Faculty of Economics, Management, and Social Sciences at Shiraz University, and the sampling method is convenience sampling. Data collection utilized a survey method, measuring spirituality with the Parsian and Donning Spirituality Scale, self-image with the Beck questionnaire, and clothing type with the Asgarian Bigdeli questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software SPSS and PLS. FindingsThe results of the Spearman test (Table 2) indicate a significant relationship between spirituality and self-image, as well as between self-image and clothing type. The t-value test results (Table 2) demonstrate that spirituality has a direct effect on individuals' self-image. According to the coefficient of determination (r2) (Figure 2), spirituality accounts for 0.230 of the variance in the self-image variable, and based on this statistic, self-image explains 0.125 of the variance in the clothing type variable. Examination of Table 4 and Figure 3 reveals that spirituality influences self-image, as evidenced by the path coefficient value of -0.496 with a significant value of 0.005. Furthermore, statistical tests indicate that self-image impacts individuals' clothing type, with a path coefficient value of -0.379 and a significant value of 0.003. ResultThe results of this study are presented in the form of a theoretical framework and analysis based on the research's theoretical underpinning of spirituality and its various dimensions. These dimensions include self-awareness, the significance of spiritual beliefs in life, spiritual activities, and spiritual needs, all of which shape various aspects of individuals' self-concept. These aspects encompass mental abilities, job effectiveness, physical attractiveness, social skills, strengths, and weaknesses. The findings directly impact respondents' self-concept and indirectly influence individuals' self-perception through the mediation of the self-concept variable.In conclusion, it is suggested that when investigating the relationship between social and psychological variables in research, the role of mediating variables should be considered. When examining the role of religious and spiritual variables in individual characteristics, attention should be paid to economic and social changes. For studies on the variables of clothing and hijab, the role and impact of the variable of self-confidence should be taken into account.‌ReferencesAfsharKohan, J., Balali, E. & Soleimanpoor, M. (2011). The study of secularization and its factors on students (The University of Bu-Ali Sina). Journal of Applied Sociology, 22(1), 135-158. (In Persian)Arab, Z. (2022). 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Kişilik, insanın yaratılışından gelen özelliklerinin dış dünya ile etkileşime girmesi sonucu tutum ve davranışlarda ortaya çıkan yansımadır. Kişinin tutum ve davranışlarının tutarlılığı ise aklın önderliğindeki irade ile gerçekleşir. İradeyi kontrol eden unsurlar vardır. Hem içsel hem de dışsal olgu olan din de bu unsurlardan biridir. Dinin kontrolcü rolü, kişiliğin inşa sürecinde de aktif rol oynar. Dinin bu rolü insanın çocukluk ve ergenlik dönemlerinde daha etkilidir. Sonraki dönemlerde ise insanın kriz anlarında başvurduğu bir unsurdur. Cinsiyetlerin kişilik inşa sürecinde din faktöründen yararlanması farklılık gösterir. Kadın mizacının yumuşaklığı, kişiliğini din faktörüne daha açık hale getirir. Bu durum kadında samimi bir teslimiyet doğururken bütüncül bir kişilik de inşa eder. Bu nedenle kadının kişilik inşasında ve kriz anlarında dinden yararlanmasının etkinliği gelecekte sağlıklı şahsiyetlerin yetiştirilmesi için araştırılması gereken bir konudur. Yapılan literatür araştırmalarında kadın kişiliğini özel bir şahıs bağlamında ele alan çalışmalarla karşılaşılmamıştır. Bu nedenle biz de bu çalışmayla hem alana katkı sağlamayı hem de dinin olumlu kontrolcü güç olarak kişilik inşasına etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Bu bağlamda hayatı, farklı inançların, kültürlerin ve geleneklerin etkisinde dönemler içeren Bezmialem Valide Sultan’ın kişiliğini incelenmiştir. Edindiği çeşitli kimliklerde kişiliğini, bütüncül ve sağlıklı bir yapıya ulaştırmasında; dinin rolünü vurgulanmıştır. Hayatı boyunca yaptırdığı hayır vakıflarıyla din faktörünün kişilik inşasına etkisi bilimsel açıdan ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu hayır vakıflarından beş tane örnek seçilmiştir. Bunlar; Vakıf Gureba Hastanesi, Dārü’l-Maʿārif,, Dolmabahçe Camii, Galata Köprüsü ve Terkos Gölü’dür. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılırken dökümanların incelenmesi tekniğine başvurulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Bezmialem Valide Sultan ve hayır eserleri üzerinden; kişiliğin inşasında, dinin etkisinin olumlu olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu süreçte iradeyi kontrol eden temel unsur din olduğunda insanın tutarlı ve kalıcı tutum ve davranışlar sergilediği görülmüştür

Rawan M Maawadh,1 Thekra N Al-Maqati,1 Maryam Hamad Alenezi,2 Eman Alenezi,3 Amal Alsubaie,4 Amal Mohsen Alghamdi,5 Afrah AlSubaie,6 Mashael Mufleh Alruwaili,7 Haya Ali AlAnazi,7 Entisar Albugami,8 Naifah Ahmed Alanazi,9 Khaled Ahmed Alhmdan,10 Fahad Farhan Alshammari,11 Abeer Madkhali12 1Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, Dammam, 31448, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Admin & Excellence Allowance Committee Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 3Preventive Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 4Family Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 5Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 6Urology and Nephrology Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 7Patient Education Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 8Family Medicine Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9Cardiac Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 10Health Informatics Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 11Laboratory Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 12Quality and Patient Safety Administration Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Rawan M Maawadh, Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, P.O. Box 33048, Dammam, 31448, Saudi Arabia, Email rmaawadh@psmchs.edu.saPurpose: Broad evidence points out that women workers in Saudi Arabia face a range of inequitable work practices despite continued efforts for gender equality. The study aims to assess the satisfaction of Saudi women working in the health sector among certain factors in the work environment, factors that enable them to gain opportunities and benefits and make decisions.Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which involved the use of closed-ended surveys on 261 Saudi women working in the healthcare sector.Results: Most of the females were aged between 25 and 34 years (59%) and more than half of them worked in the governmental sector (53%). Fifty-eight percent of the females hold clinical jobs, 25% of the administrative jobs were 37% of them have more than 19 years of working experience. The finding showed a significant association between female workers in health sector satisfaction with factors related to the workplace environment, training, and development, and their involvement in decision-making.Conclusion: Most women felt empowered when they received equitable tasks and were able to reach managerial-level positions in their organizations. Establishing a positive work environment characterized by opportunities has the potential to enhance women workers’ satisfaction.Keywords: satisfaction, woman, education, training, opportunities

The article opens a special issue of the journal “Historical Ethnology”, dedicated to the Tatar woman. Its authors, who acted as compilers and scientific editors of the issue, substantiate the research focus, chronology and source base of the published materials. The emphasis on Tatar women as an object of a special study is explained by their active social and professional stand during the period of the Russian Empire and the USSR. The coverage of these two historical periods made it possible to identify the ethnospecific logic of integrating Tatar women into large-scale political and social phenomena. The bulk of the articles included in the issue are accompanied by the publication of materials from state archives, ego-documents, literary works, articles from Tatar newspapers and magazines of the pre-revolutionary period, inaccessible to most researchers. Their introduction into scientific circulation, according to the authors of the introductory article, strengthens the possibilities of a diachronic approach to the analysis of the ethnosocial field from a historical perspective. Giving a brief overview of the articles in the issue, the authors of the introduction come to the conclusion that in the era of bourgeois reforms, along with the traditional care for family and children for women, her role in the society is strengthening; her desire for education and educational activities is intensifying. With the advent of the Soviet system, which proclaimed gender equality of the sexes, the burden on women increases both in their personal life and in the public sphere. At the same time, Tatar women retain their most important purpose – educating and bringing up the younger generation.

The article analyses the views of a prominent representative of the Tatar emigration, teacher, journalist, and public figure Rukiya Mukhammadish on the Tatar woman and her role in the fate of the people. The work is accompanied by a publication written by Rukiya Mukhammadish in the newspaper “Milli Bayraq”, which was published in Mukden, Manchuria in 1935–1945. The publication made a considerable contribution to the enlightenment and the cultivation of national identity among the Tatars in the Far East. The presented source is dedicated to highlighting the role of the Tatar woman in the national education, life and history of the people in various periods of its existence. In the article “Woman in the Life of Our Nation”, R. Mukhammadish sets a goal to show the place of women in the family, in the life of the people and the state, and gives examples from various historical sources. According to the author, the position of women in the Turkic society was quite free; they were distinguished by their courage, determination and participated in solving not only family but also state-related issues. Women of the Golden Horde participated in the government affairs; in the Kazan Khanate, they ruled the country. The upbringing of mothers and Abystays helped to preserve Islam, their native language, and folk traditions. Thus, women fulfilled their responsibilities not only to their family, but also to the people and the country. The purpose of the presented article is to raise the national self-awareness (“milli barlyk”) of Tatar emigrants and disseminate historical knowledge among them. The relevance of documents of this nature lies in the fact that they are valuable sources for studying the life and features of the development of social and pedagogical thought of the Mukhadzhir Tatars.

The history of traditional societies constantly attracts the attention of the research community. The interest of both domestic and foreign scientists is observed both in early historical times and at the present stage. Among the issues of great interest to researchers are the peculiarities of the legal status of women in the traditional society of the peoples of the Caucasus of the XVII–XIX centuries. The author substantiates the relevance and significance of the research topic. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the legal status of women in the traditional society of the peoples of the Caucasus of the XVII–XIX centuries. The article uses general scientific and specific methods of historical and historiographical research, including methods of objectivity and comparative analysis. The article analyzes the specific features of the legal vulnerability of women of the peoples of the Caucasus, in this regard, the status of the status of women according to Adat and Sharia seems interesting. The article provides a brief justification of the role and significance of the development of customary law, since a dual system of customary law (adat) and Sharia has developed in the Caucasus. The analysis of the scientific literature allowed us to conclude that the absence of a state system and state law contributed to the long-term preservation of the adat in the Caucasus. It is postulated that there are three types of customary law: customary law before the reformation (from the XV to the XIX centuries), reformed customary law (from the second half of the XIX to the beginning of the XX centuries) and customary law of the Soviet and post-Soviet period (from 1920 to the 1990s). The article also examines the peculiarities of property and inheritance rights, as well as the formation of feminism as a social movement for women’s rights in the traditional society of the peoples of the Caucasus of the XVII–XIX centuries. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to further improve institutional mechanisms to ensure compliance with Sharia and Adat laws.

One of the moral characteristics of humans is altruism. Whether or not a relationship can be established between this human trait and gender is a topic that has been investigated in this article. In this regard, after explaining the sexuality of the soul according to the principles of transcendental wisdom, including the unity of the soul and the body in all the corresponding stages of existence, as well as the expression of the unity and objectivity of the soul and powers in Mullah Sadra's view, the difference in powers between the two sexes, female and male, is pointed out and with the development of the meaning of intelligence from the perspective of Sadra wisdom, especially Mulla Sadra's different view on the faculty of fantasy, the difference in the meaning of intelligence between men and women has been achieved; As a woman's intelligence can be called an emotional intelligence, where empathy and sympathy are its main components, and Since there is a direct connection between altruism and emotions, the connection between altruism and gender is revealed. The necessity and importance of the present research is that by explaining the different moral virtues of women and men based on the principles accepted by Mulla Sadra, it has prevented the discriminatory and unfair valuation (calling each of them strong or weak) of the two sexes, which is one of the concerns of feminist philosophies todayThe present article is a fundamental effort that tries to explain the mentioned result with the the library method and by analyzing the basics of Sadra Wisdom.

The rule and sayings of Mebarka Bint Al Khuas were said to be mostly without origin، and they are distinguished by the use of the Arabic language that is circulating among the public circles that depend on the movement of silence in the last speech. As the tongue of the individual is his thought, it reflects his cultural and social level، and through a careful reading of judgment and words I am not sure if I am going to go to school, but I don’t think I am going to be able to go to school. As for what we got from its rule and its examples، I talked about Men, women، generosity, courage، elitist and other matters of life, and we relied in presenting them as they were said to be. To keep the novel honest

The present article discusses the topic of chronic ailments and the need for psychological support related to them. We are presenting information on the first-ever study held in Bulgaria of women suffering from Endometriosis, accepting the diagnosis and ways of coping with the macro-traumatic event of receiving the diagnosis. The study illustrates our effort to establish whether there is a difference in the ways women cope with such a hard diagnosis as Endometriosis among patients utilizing psychological support and patients who refrain from it. We also describe the results from the preliminary study aiming to establish to what extent psychological work affects the ways of coping with the Endometriosis diagnosis.

In recent years, excessive body weight has become one of the most serious psychological, biological and social problems. According to forecasts by the World Health Organization, obesity and overweight will continue to increase among both adults and children in the coming years. Poland ranks sixth in Europe in this respect. In 2021, almost 58% of Poles had above-average body weight (overweight or obesity). In Poland, 29% of women are overweight, and 21% of women are obese. Body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety disorder are indicated as consequences of high BMI in women. Reducing excess body weight improves psychosocial functioning and changes body assessment. The most lasting effects of weight reduction are achieved by a properly selected diet combined with increased physical activity. This results in a change in lifestyle, changes in the levels of metabolic indicators, and changes in one's body image and mental health. Objective: Our objective was to assess changes in body image and mental health among Polish women and their dependence on the weight reduction method used (type of diet and physical activity). Comparative studies involving 122 women were conducted. These women were selected from 1000 volunteers based on BMI criteria. The effects of diet therapy were compared with the effects of diet therapy combined with physical activity. Research tools: The GHQ-12 scale was used to measure mental health, and the Body Esteem Scale was used to measure body image. The study lasted four years. The results showed changes in body image, general mental health index, and BMI in women who dieted and in those who dieted and exercised. In women using a diet combined with physical activity, greater positive changes in mental condition and stronger positive changes in body image, namely in the assessment of satisfaction with sexual attractiveness, physical condition, and body weight control, were observed compared to women using diet therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayfer Tunç, who started her writing career in newspapers and magazines in the 1980s, addresses the difficulties of being a woman in a selfish, opportunistic, hypocritical, greedy, deceitful, and objectifying society in her latest novel, Kuru Kız. The symbolic narrative of the novel allows for both thematic and psychoanalytic examination, which can be interpreted through concepts such as Freud's Oedipus Complex, Kristeva's "abjection," and Arendt's "banality of evil." The connections between these concepts and the novel Kuru Kız are interpreted with examples from the text. There are significant parallels between the harassment of the sister by her brother and the subsequent events, and the mythological story of Oedipus, indicating a psychoanalytic construct where "The Brother" character embodies traces of guilt and abjection. The behavior of the neighborhood residents exemplifies thoughtlessness and lack of judgment, in line with Arendt's concept of the banality of evil. The concepts of abjection and disgust serve as symbols of "resistance" against the evils portrayed by the other two concepts in Kuru Kız's inner monologues. Ultimately, the novel allocates a significant portion of its narrative to the psychological and sociological roots of the evils manifested or endured by Kuru Kız and those around her. The author suggests "taking action" as a way out for women through the message conveyed in the novel. Merely being aware is not sufficient for women to find peace in their lives; they must bravely implement the necessary changes. The novel Kuru Kız contains strong evidence to be considered an example of a female bildungsroman, as it encapsulates the coming-of-age story of a woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berdinazar Khudaynazarov is one of the important representatives of Turkmen literature of the 20th century. Berdinazar Hudaynazarov is a poet, writer, screenwriter, dramaturg, critic, journalist, translator and politician. In addition to his poems, novels and stories, he has written radio plays, literary conversation articles and introductory articles about poets and poetry books. Since he started his literary career by writing poems, he was first recognised for his poems. Later on, he wrote prose works in addition to his poems and showed that he was also a master in writing with his novels, stories, politicalsocial writings, literary articles and film scripts. Khudaynazarov's most famous work is the novel "Gumlular", written in 1970 and translated into many languages. With this novel, Hudaynazarov showed that he was also a master of writing. The novel is a historical novel about the difficulties experienced by the nomads living in the Karakum Desert during the Second World War. "Gumlular" novel is also an autobiographical novel as it is parallel to Khudaynazarov's life story. Because Hudaynazarov is the son of a shepherd from Yerbent in the centre of Karakum, and during the war his family was displaced to Lebap on the banks of the Amuderya River. Since Berdinazar Khudaynazarov's childhood and youth spent in Karakum, he usually describes the life of nomads living in the desert in his works. As a matter of fact, in his other novels and stories such as the novel "Gumlular", in his first poetry book "Gızgın Sahra" and other poems, in his conversation writings, desert life is always discussed. In this article, after giving information about the life, works and literary personality of the 20th century Turkmen literary figure Berdinazar Hudaynazarov, the novel "Gumlular", which is considered one of the important works of Turkmen literature, will be analysed in terms of war and women themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barbie has been a doll that has been played with and collected by millions of children and adults. Academic articles and columns have been written about her, and she has always been at the center of debates since she first appeared on the market in 1959. This doll also left its mark in the summer of 2023 with a film bearing its own name. In this article, a feminist reading of Barbie and the Barbie film is made in line with the basic arguments, interests, and solution proposals of the four waves of feminism. However, before starting the analysis and comparison, it is deemed appropriate to give a brief explanation about the design process of Barbie and to answer the question of why the wave classification, which draws attention to the periodic characteristic of the differentiations within feminist thought, is preferred in the article. Through Barbie, the waves of feminism are explained, and the arguments of these waves are tried to be concretized. Barbie and her film have been put under scrutiny in line with the basic arguments, interests, and solution proposals of the waves. However, it should be carefully stated that the article only aims to make a determination of the situation, and in this respect, it is hoped that the article will be a source for the next works to be written on Barbie and feminism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: depressive symptoms may develop in subclinical hypothyroidism and their presence usually facilitates recognition and the establishment of replacement treatment; however, recent studies have found no association between the two. Be-sides, thyroid function can be affected by endocrine disruptors and some of them, such as chlorates, can be found in the water we drink. Objectives: to know if the type of water consumed may influence the development of depressive symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: 96 women with subclinical hypothyroidism, without thyroid treatment, par-ticipated from a health area in Spain. We studied, among other variables, the pres-ence of depressive symptoms, type of water consumption (tap, bottled or spring) and the level of chlorates in the tap water. Results: 41.7 % (40) of women presented depressive symptoms and these were relat-ed to the consumption of tap water (p = 0.001), resulting in a reliable predictor (OR, 27.79; p = 0.007). Chlorate level in the tap water was 250 µg/L, a value within the maximum limit allowed by law. Conclusions: chronic exposure to chlorates in water, in women with subclinical hypo-thyroidism, at levels authorized by law, could favor the inhibition of iodine transport and the appearance of depressive symptoms. It would be interesting to test this hy-pothesis as well as its possible effect on other population profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are the foundation of every nation and civilization, holding a status and image that is as sacred as that of men. They are the birthplace of humanity and the originators of its generations, especially when their cause is linked to literature. Women serve as indispensable icons, particularly in Arabic literature. In the Arabic novel, women have a prominent presence and are central to how writers portray their ideas and faceptions. They represent an intellectual starting point for exploring various concerns, social and economic realities, and humanitarian issues. Consequently, women's issues have been a significant focus for Tunisian novelist Khawla Hamdy. This research aims to illuminate different aspects of working women's lives and their living conditions in Hamdy's novels. It seeks to clarify Hamdy's vision regarding working women in various contexts while showcasing her skill through character descriptions and analyses of imagined events. The study also aims to present the situation faced by Arab working women in society using a descriptive-analytical approach. Our findings indicate that women have successfully asserted their creative influence in Tunisian thought and literature. In her novels, Hamdy portrays working women as self-confident individuals who understand their rights. Their struggles to balance family responsibilities with professional tasks are evident, along with their dedication to their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the position of women in the Christian tradition during historical development, to the clarification of the prerequisites of gender-based differences and prospects for overcoming them. Operational methods of theoretical research, such as abstraction, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, specification, are applied among the main research methods. The relevance of the chosen problem is determined by issues of gender inequality in the world in relation to women. From the analysis of the information, the author concludes that the Christian discourse is characterized by some contradictions in the attitude towards women, due to the peculiarities of the formation and development of religion. Christianity, as a religion formed in the era of patriarchy, inherited some misogynistic approaches to defining the status and role of women. At the same time, the New Testament is a source of progressive tendencies. Feminist discourse draws attention to the fact that Christianity was used as a sacral-conditioned ideology for the oppression of women, which was especially noted by church institutions in the Middle Ages. Gender inequality is most often explained by concepts of the origin of people and their fall. The position of women in modern Christianity is heterogeneous and depends on the socio-cultural realities and policies of a particular church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literature Studies is the property of Turkiye Dil ve Edebiyat Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture & Communication / Kültür ve İletişim is the property of Imge Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) surgery on quality of sexual life in patients' spouses. A pre/post‐operative test, quasi‐experimental design with no control group was employed. The research was conducted in the urology clinics of two hospitals in the west of Turkey between 30 June and 30 September 2022. It was completed with 172 patient spouses recruited using non‐probability sampling. The study data were collected using an individual information form and the Sexual Quality of Life‐Female questionnaire. The preoperative test applied prior to surgery was administered by the face‐to‐face interview method, while the postoperative test was completed by telephone interviews 8 weeks after the initial data collection. The mean age of the individuals undergoing TURP surgery in this study was 62.69 ± 7.98 years (min 40, max 77), and the mean age of the spouses was 57.91 ± 7.46 (min 39, max 73). Sexual Quality of Life‐Female scores after surgery were significantly higher than the pre‐surgical values (p < 0.001). A significant difference in sex life quality was determined in terms of age, education, employment status, presence of chronic disease, number of children, and 'love marriages' (p < 0.05). The sexual life quality of the spouses of patients exposed to TURP surgery increased significantly 8 weeks after the procedure. The quality of sex life was higher among individuals with higher education levels, working individuals, and those who 'married for love', but decreased in line with age and number of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tetkik is the property of Oku Okut Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The human species, born biologically as male and female, is exposed to socio-cultural coding by the society from birth to death. Both sexes, defined within the framework of various femininity/masculinity roles, regardless of time and place, acquire a language and life practice suitable for these roles throughout the history of humanity. In the usual face of daily life, the stereotyped discourses, behaviors and actions, attributed to women and men, become indispensable parts of their lives by being internalized by them in the process. These cultural codes, called gender roles, takes on a concrete identity of literature in the form of the novel, which is the reflection of the society. In this study, Fakir Baykurt's novel The Revenge of the Serpents, one of the important works of socialist-realistic understanding in Turkish literature, has been analyzed under the gender roles. It's largely understood that the male and female characters in the narrative, develop a discourse style and practice appropriate to their given sexual roles. It has also determined that only Irazca and Fatma characters do not accept the traditional gender roles in some aspects. These two women, in the grip of male domination, are not satisfied with the existing established order, which restricts their freedom and narrows their range of action, and violates these roles insofar as circumstances permit. The main character of the novel, Irazca Mother, especially makes a radical change in the distribution of the roles by assuming the duty of the master of the house, given to men by the social order, both with her speeches and with her actions. The reality of men and women in the narrative creates a panoramic perspective in the context of the acceptance and rejection of gender roles, imposed by the social mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sri Lanka is a small-scale industry in the Global South. The hegemonic patriarchy of the industry, accelerated by various industrial, socio-political, and cultural matters directly affects the representation of women's cinema in the country. This study aims to look at the female representation throughout the entire evolution of Sri Lankan women's cinema and the state of their filmmaking practices, which is a rare study area. Further, the examination of the historical context and current trends of this paper will further seek to provide insights into the future development of the representation of women in Sri Lankan cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]