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Taking a glance at the population increase in India, waste production and isolation are significant issues in the present situation. Huge amounts of blended waste are dumped without isolating it appropriately which prompts issues in decay. Because of this blended waste, a few different issues emerge over some stretch of time. To maintain a strategic distance from this, squander isolation at any rate at the fundamental level is especially required. In this paper, we have presented a friendly waste segregator using deep transfer learning. The essential thought is that when the waste is to be dumped in the trash receptacle, the system will capture the image and classify the kind of waste using a pre-trained convolutional neural network. We have different classes like plastic, paper, metal, and so on which will be further divided into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste.

This study focused on the current situation and management after end-of-life of the solar photo voltaic (PV) module in Bangladesh. The solar PV cells have a life time to serve properly which is about 15-25 years from installation. Solar PV cell has recycling potentiality as well as risk of producing hazardous wastes. After the end of life, the solar panel will turn into waste specifically e-waste which might be an environmental concern in the long run. Thus, it is crucial to estimate the waste production and to delineate the environment friendly management. Therefore, this study aims to visualize the present status of solar PV cells, potential waste generation and their management perspectives in Bangladesh. We also studied the existing policy of waste management. This study followed multi-stage methodological approach including the key informant interview (KII), synthesis of existing literature-based findings, stakeholder consultation. From the results it was found that Bangladesh has huge potential to generate solar PV based e-waste in near future that need to be tackle with high priority. As there is excellent opportunity to recover resource from the waste panels so there is also scope to grow enterprize for recycle of waste panels. Unfortunately, there is no such plan from the government side. However, a long-term national plan is required to manage this waste maintaining high standard.

With the increasing rate of consumption of seafood globally, this industry creates a large volume of waste generation that is also rising and which often contains high-value substances. By-product/waste production from harvesting to end of consumption represents around 50%–70% of the total weight. Valorization of this biodegradable waste to obtain new industrial products has offered an environmental and economic solution to this problem. Among the different value-added products, gelatin from the seafood waste has received considerable attention due to its common usage in the food, pharmacology, and photography industries. While the utilization of fish gelatin has been subjected to a wide range of research, there remain gaps in the sustainability of the utilization of seafood waste for gelatin production. This chapter aims to address these challenges which limit its extensive application and suggest possible solutions to the aforementioned gaps in the sustainability of fish gelatin production. These approaches will be useful to researchers and industry practitioners who require information about processing, sustainability, and potential usage of fish gelatin in different fields.

This chapter covers some fundamental aspects of sustainable development, green chemistry, and homogeneous catalysis. The twelve principles of green chemistry have had a major impact on the development of new sustainable processes in order to increase resource efficiency and minimise waste production. The use of catalysis is the key to shifting from traditional organic synthesis to green and sustainable chemistry. This chapter also covers the application of Earth-abundant metal complexes as homogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation processes, C–C and C–heteroatom bond forming reactions and polymerisation reactions to afford organic molecules and polymeric materials.

Самарская и многие другие области рискует стать одними из эпицентров разрушительных землетрясений. И причиной катаклизмов могут послужить не только природные землетрясения, но и деятельность человека, который варварскими методами ведет добычу полезных ископаемых и поворачивает реки вспять. Большинство глинистых материалов в Российской Федерации классифицируются как полукислые и кислые, причем неспекающиеся с высоким содержанием красящих оксидов (Fe2O3>3 %) и низким содержанием оксида алюминия (Al2O3=12…15 %). При таком содержании оксида алюминия в глинистых компонентах из них невозможно получить кирпич марок М 125 и более. Для возведения несущих стен нижних этажей зданий повышенной этажности (15 этажей и более) требуется керамический кирпич марок М 150…М 300. Основным резервом для получения высокомарочных керамических кирпичей и камней является использование в качестве отощителя высокоглиноземистых отходов цветной металлургии. Получен на основе отходов горючих сланцев – межсланцевой глины, которая использовалась в качестве глинистой связующей и отходов цветной металлургии – шлама щелочного травления, содержащего более 70 % А12О3 и используемого в качестве отощителя, сейсмостойкий кирпич, без применения природного традиционного сырья., Samara and many other regions are at risk of becoming one of the epicenters of devastating earthquakes. And the cause of cataclysms can be not only natural earthquakes, but also the activity of a person who uses barbaric methods to extract minerals and turn rivers back. Most clay materials in the Russian Federation are classified as semiacidic and acidic, and not baked with a high content of coloring oxides (Fe2O3>3 %) and a low content of aluminum oxide (Al2O3=12...15 %). With such a content of aluminum oxide in clay components, it is impossible to get bricks of M 125 or more grades from them. For the construction of load-bearing walls of the lower floors of highrise buildings (15 floors or more), ceramic bricks of grades M 150...M 300 are required. The main reserve for obtaining high-quality ceramic bricks and stones is the use of highalumina waste from non-ferrous metallurgy as a thinning agent. It is obtained on the basis of waste oil shale-inter-shale clay, which was used as a clay binder and non – ferrous metallurgy waste-alkaline etching sludge containing more than 70 % A12O3 and used as a thinning agent, earthquake-resistant brick, without the use of natural traditional raw materials., Экологические системы и приборы, Выпуск 7 2021

During the last several years, more and more nanomaterials have been synthesized and successfully employed in health-related applications. Carbon nanodots (CNDs), a rising star among carbon-based nanomaterials, have gained popularity due to their unique combination of enthralling properties. Their minuscule size, fluorescent properties, and their biocompatibility triggered a new wave of research and paved the way for new applications. The use of CNDs in therapeutic purposes has been exploited, among other applications. These include their employment as antibacterial agents and drug delivery agents. Other, more advanced applications of CNDs include their use for gene therapy and as anticancer and wound healing agents. The multiple synthesis methods combined with the various carbon sources can result in multiple CNDs with different potency for therapeutic applications. Another key benefit that further highlights the superiority of CNDs over other nanomaterials is the fact that these nanomaterials can be produced not only from well-defined chemicals but also from the valorisation of natural green (re)sources, leading to an overall low cost. Thus, eco-friendly CNDs can be produced inexpensively and on a large scale for commercial usage. The use of renewable resources, the low cost of synthesis, the production of materials with negligible toxicity and the absence or low waste production bring the synthesis of CNDs closer to adhering to the principles of Green Chemistry. In this chapter, an overview of the most commonly employed methods for the green synthesis of CNDs is given, while emphasis will be placed on their therapeutic applications.

Solid waste is the unwanted material generated due to various human activities. Solid waste can be classified broadly as biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. Biodegradable waste can degrade easily while non-biodegradable waste needs treatment for disposal. Improper disposal of waste causes various serious and dangerous issues which are harmful to the environment. Open dumping of waste causes infertility of soil. The waste leaches into the ground and pollutes the ground water. With rapid urbanization and advancement in technology, the waste production also increases rapidly. Thus, solid waste management is an important concept in recent times in order to achieve sustainable development. This article shed lights on the effective ways to recycle, reduce and dispose the solid waste.

Reducing our carbon footprint is an important way that we can cut back our greenhouse gas emissions. There are a number of carbon calculators that consider a range of greenhouse gases we produce and convert them into a single carbon equivalent based upon data we input. Using this number, we can set goals for reductions. In our home, the key sources of greenhouse gases are home heating and cooling, water heating, and general electricity use. Outside of the home, our transportation choices are responsible for another major source. In addition, we produce a significant amount of secondary greenhouse gases through our food use and waste production. Suggestions are made as to how we can make simple, hard and/or expensive, and innovative or life-changing choices to reduce our personal carbon footprint in our home, via our transportation choices, and through how we manage our food and waste.

Bio-based monomers represent the future market for polymer chemistry, since the political economics of different states promote green ventures toward more sustainable materials and processes. Industrial pulp and paper processing represent a large market that could advance the use of by-products to avoid waste production and reduce pollution. Lignin represents the most available side product that can be used to produce a bio-based monomer. This review is concentrated on the possibility of using bio-based monomer derivates from pulp and the paper industry for UV-curing processing. UV-curing represents the new frontier for thermoset production, allowing a fast reaction cure, less energy demand, and the elimination of solvent. The growing demand for new monomers increases research in the environmental field to substitute for petroleum-based products. This review provides an overview of the main monomers and relative families of compounds derived from industrial processes that are suitable for UV-curing. Particular focus is given to the developments reached in the last few years concerning lignin, rosin and terpenes and the related possible applications of these in UV-curing chemistry.

The demand for concrete in the construction field is increasing steadily with the growth of Malaysia economy. This demand is expected to increase over the coming years as a result of technology advancement. This study aims to determine the performance of concrete containing synthetic wire waste as fiber material. The utilization of wire waste as fiber materials could help to reduce the amount of waste dumped into landfills. The excessive amount of wire waste production may lead to various environmental issues. To date, there are no researchers who have conducted studies on the efficiency of concrete containing synthetic wire waste as fiber materials. Hence, an alternative has been presented in this study to overcome the associated environmental issues by using wire waste as fiber materials in the concrete mixture. The proportion of wire waste being incorporated into the concrete mixture is 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. Apart from that, the ratio of 0.55 for the water-cement ratio has been used throughout this study. The workability, density, compressive strength and tensile strength tests have been conducted in this study. The compressive strength test was conducted for 7 days and 28 days. Meanwhile, tensile strength test was conducted for 28 days. The result of compressive and tensile strength test was compared with the control mixture and it was found that the optimum amount of wire waste as fiber materials in concrete is 0.5%.

Increasing livestock population has an impact on increasing livestock waste production. Livestock waste can be a source of environmental pollution but can also be processed into organic fertilizer and biogas. But until now there has been no research into waste production and the distribution of ruminant livestock waste production in Sidrap Regency. This study aims to determine the production of ruminant livestock waste and the distribution of livestock waste production in Sidrap Regency. The results showed that ruminant livestock waste production in Sidrap District reached 204,903 tons / year consisting of 235,797 tons / year of cattle livestock waste, 17,290 tons / year of buffalo and 1,816 tons / year of goats. Livestock waste production is spread throughout the entire district area. The highest livestock waste production in Pituriase District, amounting to 84,274 tons / year, then Watang Pulu District 78,235 tons / year, Panca Lautang 27,186 tons / year, Kulo 12,164 tons / year, Pitu Riawa 10.765 tons / year, Maritengae 9,867 tons / year, Panca Lautang 27,186 tons / year, Kulo 12,164 tons / year, Pitu Riawa 10.765 tons / year, Maritengae 9,867 tons / year, Panca Lautang Rijang 9,120 tons / year, Watang Sidenreng 8,407 tons / year, Tellu Limpoe 7,624 tons / year, Two Pitue 5,023 tons / year and Baranti 2,238 tons / year. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the production of livestock waste in Sidrap Regency reaches 204,903 tons / year and is spread unevenly throughout the district.

Natural products are a tremendous source of bioactive molecules with pharmacological applications. The global change context resulting from the environmental and health concerns introduce the Green Chemistry concept. This involves the use of more efficient and ecologically friendly extraction strategies (e.g., reducing the use of hazardous solvents, long extraction periods, energy consumption, and waste production) to obtain a safe and quality extract safeguarding the environment and consumers’ security. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of the main strategies investigated in the past years to extract compounds with pharmaceutical applications from natural sources, particularly from plants and marine organisms, employing green approaches. The most important advanced extraction techniques and green solvents, employed as alternatives to replace conventional extraction approaches, their characteristics and main advantages/drawbacks, are herein discussed.

Green chemistry is an innovative choice towards the design of processes that would obliterate the utilization of noxious materials. Green chemistry is based on its 12 principles (prevent waste, maximize atom economy, design less hazardous chemical synthesis, design safer chemicals and products, use safer solvents and reaction conditions and increase energy efficiency, etc.). Pharmaceutical chemistry is the most vital area of the chemical industry. Following the green chemistry principles, many unique achievements were acquired by the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. The use of nanochemistry in pharmaceuticals has led to their application in various drug synthesis and drug delivery. Enzymatic mechanisms, use of greener solvents like water and ionic liquids, microwave reactions, etc., are some of the greener methodologies employed in the pharmaceutical world. Less toxicity, low side effects, least waste production and minimal labour are the major attraction of green chemistry in pharmaceutics.

Biocatalysis involves the use of one or more enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions. Compared to conventional methods, biocatalysis has advantages such as high stereo-, regio-, and chemoselectivity, efficient catalysis, both complex and straightforward transformations, low rate of by-product formation, inexpensive refining and purification (uncomplicated), mild reaction conditions, and reduced impact on the environment by reducing waste production. To have these advantages, the solvent character of the enzyme should be optimally determined. Thus, all the advantages of biocatalysis are utilized. In this review, it has been tried to present the parameters that will provide optimum conditions for biocatalysis. Biocatalysis, which facilitates many disciplines, is the most popular subject in the catalysis field due to its unique facilities and still undiscovered features.

The first report of using limonene derivative of a spherosilicate as a modifier of polylactide used for 3D printing and injection moulding is presented. The paper presents the use of limonene-functionalized spherosilicate derivative as a functional additive. The study compared the material characteristics of polylactide modified with SS-Limonene (0.25&ndash, 5.0% w/w) processed with traditional injection moulding and 3D printing (FFF, FDM). A significant improvement in the processing properties concerning rheology, inter-layer adhesion, and mechanical properties was achieved, which translated into the quality of the print and reduction of waste production. Moreover, the paper describes the elementary stages of thermal transformations of the obtained hybrid systems.

As a quantitative evaluation method, the ecological footprint analysis method (EFA) is a frontier topic in the field of sustainable development. Human production activities will inevitably produce certain consumption, including the occupation of natural resources, resource consumption and waste production, which will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. This paper proposes to use the ecological footprint to inversely analyze the ecological environment and resource consumption, quantitatively convert the material consumption produced by human activities into the area of biological production land, and compare it with the supply area of the study area. The ecological footprint analysis method is used to reflect the changes in the indicators of regional sustainable development, and the regional sustainable development indicator system and analysis framework based on the ecosystem are constructed. The experimental result shows that the proposed model can effectively divide the resource space, and at the same time can measure the degree of resource transfer, which has important guidance for revealing the internal relationship between regional ecological footprint characteristics and regional development and evolution. significance.

The cyclization reaction between ortho-phthalaldehyde and L-homocysteine coincides with the generation of a pronounced positive CD signal at approximately 335 nm. Under identical conditions, other amino acids including cysteine produce very weak CD responses. This unusual substrate specificity allows accurate chiroptical analysis of the enantiomeric composition of homocysteine samples in the presence of cysteine without the need for time-consuming chromatographic separation. This significantly simplifies and speeds up ee determination at reduced solvent waste production.

Redistribution of food surplus helps to prevent waste production and feed hungry people. But this has not been tested in the context of a wholesale market that redistributes fruit and vegetable surplus to homeless shelters. We aimed to compare the amount of fruit and vegetable waste between shelters that received or did not receive a surplus donation in Chile. We also explored possible causes that explained the waste. Five homeless shelters that received donations (HS+DON) and five that did not (HS) were included. For three days, fruit and vegetable waste was disposed into containers for direct quantification. The amount of waste was compared between groups using the Mann&ndash, Whitney U test, both in winter and spring. A questionnaire was applied to identify causes of waste. For vegetables, we found no difference in the median (25th percentile&ndash, 75th percentile) waste of HS+DON vs. HS (winter: 152 (83&ndash, 262) vs. 104 (63&ndash, 163) g per person/day, p-value = 0.22, spring: 114 (61&ndash, 229) vs. 63 (50&ndash, 132) g per person/day, p-value = 0.41). HS had no fruit waste, thus, fruit waste was higher in HS+DON in both seasons (winter: 74 (16&ndash, 134), spring: 13 (6&ndash, 40) g per person/day). The main reasons explaining waste were excessive donation, looking badly, and smelling moldy. In conclusion, redistribution of fruit and vegetable surplus helped to reduce waste at the wholesale market and to feed homeless shelters&rsquo, beneficiaries with nutritious food. But efforts are still required to avoid excessive donation of surplus soon-to-be spoiled. We propose a tailored donation plan to reduce waste to the unavoidable one.

INTRODUCTION: Spread of novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) has become a global and pandemic crisis. Some measures such as excessive use of disinfectants, increased production of nonbiodegradable waste, and water pollution will be the consequences of fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which harms the environment. Due to the fact that these effects will be identified in the long term, they may be neglected in the current situation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the environmental challenges caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic crisis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a review study conducted by search in databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and science direct until early May 2020. Keywords included “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” and “Environment.” Studies published in English and conducted in different countries were also selected for the analysis. The guidelines published by reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control prevention (CDC), and the Ministry of Health have also been used in this study. CONCLUSION: The results of this study have shown that the COVID-19 virus, in addition to human damage and mortality, also affects the environment, and the damages and losses resulting from this pandemic may be identified later. Water pollution, increasing chemical pollution in the air, and increasing the production of nonbiodegradable waste are of these issues. For this purpose, it is recommended that, in addition to trying to improve the control of this pandemic, other environmental aspects in disinfection methods and disposal of dry and wet contaminated waste should be done more accurately and based on standard protocols. Infectious waste, in addition to the problem of standard sanitation, will become a major challenge that pollutes the environment. Based on this, it can be said that if home quarantine is observed voluntarily, in addition to reducing the risk of the SARS-CoV-2 and reducing the volume of visits to medical centers, it can be associated with another positive achievement, which is the reduction in waste production and protection of the environment.

The construction sector is responsible for 40% of carbon emissions, 14% of water consumption and 60% of waste production in the world, generating a state of unsustainability. In order to keep these values under control and make the most sustainable choices starting from the earliest stages of building design, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be used. This consists of an analysis of the environmental impacts of a product, activity or process throughout all phases of the life cycle. The fundamental problem of implementing this analysis process in the construction sector is the difficulty in managing the fragmented building information that covers all aspects of buildings life stages in an integrated way. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach offers the possibility of managing a complex information system in an integrated manner. The BIM-LCA integration solutions proposed in recent years made LCA analysis faster, cheaper and usable by more professionals. This paper proposes an analysis of the state of the art of the research published in the last ten years regarding the integration of BIM-LCA as a methodology whereby the BIM approach can support and simplify data management for LCA analysis. The aim was to present the work methodologies tested so far and to describe all the factors that were considered in applying the BIM-LCA integration. The novelty of this review consists of identifying a series of more recurrent parameters and measures used by most researchers deriving a trend of possible and consolidated workflows. The result is, therefore, to present evidence of a general heterogenous framework and to define the common and widespread approaches identifying the main features.

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the problem of waste cannot be adequately handled by the authorities, and there is still space for improvements to be done. Rapid of globalization and industrial development 4.0. The increase of mass waste production in Jakarta, lacking awareness of the community to dispose of waste in its place coupled with household waste generated by the community and small and medium-sized industrial businesses. This study aims to Responsible Waste Management of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Toward Jakarta Sustainable Development, in overcoming the waste problem, and it is necessary to have the cooperation of the authority. The community and small and medium industrial entrepreneurs need to be given training and counseling on waste management which can later be reused by small and medium industrial entrepreneurs. The finding of this study is a significant reference to the sustainable development initiative towards a clean and waste-free Jakarta living environment.

The COVID-19 pandemic sweeping much of the globe is not anticipated to be short in duration, with contingency plans suggesting that it may last at least eighteen months. In the United States, one of the critical issues in coping with the pandemic has been a lack of essential personal protective equipment (PPE), at the local, state, and national level. As COVID-19 is primarily transferred through respiratory routes, adequate respiratory protection is a dire necessity. The shift from durable and reusable medical supplies in recent years to their single use counterparts has reduced the resiliency of the medical system with respect to PPE and other critical supplies in the current pandemic. This work explores the role of reusable compared to single use respiratory protection in the current pandemic, including reprocessing of single use options, from the perspective of number of equivalent protection devices needed. The current state of literature is also reviewed to provide context to this work, with respect to resource procurement. The economic cost of PPE throughout a pandemic is explored, and it is found that utilizing reusable PPE options depending on filter cycling may be less costly. Increased waste production is another issue with the current pandemic, and this is explored utilizing a mass basis, finding that reusable respiratory PPE would generate less waste than using single use PPE in a business as usual scenario. As future outbreaks of COVID-19 are likely along with other future pandemics, this work provides insights at how to prepare from the standpoint of PPE, and in particular respiratory protection.

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) services in most cities and towns are already over-burdened, as cities and municipalities cannot cope with the speeded pace of waste production provided that inadequate financial capacity, insufficient manpower, and facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the status of municipal solid waste management service of Metu town using a questionnaire and observational checklist. A total of 252 households (HHs) and 65 commercial and institutional establishments (CIs) were included in this study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Accordingly, among 317 study participants, 213(67.1%) females and 104 (32.9%) males with a mean age of 36.45 have participated. Concerning solid waste collection frequency, more than 35% of HHs and 70% of CIs get the service from Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) with irregular interval whereas; about 56% of HHs and 15% of CIs responded that they get the service from MSE in more than 30 days.

Objective To evaluate the potential role of head and neck oncologic surgeons in environmental protection, sustainability of health-care systems and avoidance of procedures contributing to climate change in the future. Review methods This literature review searched for relevant literature about the relevance of waste in surgical head and neck oncology practice and the innovative alternatives to decrease its effect on environment. Conclusions Head and neck oncologic surgeons have a role in environmental protection, sustainability of health-care systems and avoidance of procedures contributing to climate change in the future. However, there exist only limited data on waste management and other procedures in surgical oncology to promote these practices. Implications for practice By increasing awareness of the corresponding issues of waste production within the healthcare environment, head and neck surgeons can have a pioneering role in considering how to reduce, recycle and reuse in a more efficient manner. As research in this field accumulates, healthcare providers can engage both managers and clinicians in this process. It remains imperative to provide these professionals opportunities for their work force to rethink current practices in a manner that prioritizes environmentally sustainable head and neck surgical practices.

A major part of the world’s resource consumption, waste production and green house gas emissions is due to the construction sector. Ultra-light weight structures can be very resource efficient, but do require active elements to withstand all occurring loads. This contribution presents different principles for activating conventional civil engineering structures. Specifically, serial and parallel actuation are considered, where each actuator is assumed to be either force- or positioncontrolled in an underlying control-loop. Modeling of the actuator integration is based on the classic FE-workflow, with mass- and stiffness-matrix obtained from the assembly step of the FE-analysis. We show how to integrate the input models for the different actuation principles and transform the input from one type to another, such that the input modeling can be separated from the preceding assembly step. These models will be used to gain insights into when to use what kind of actuation type in the design step. Numerical results show the feasibility of the proposed input models and the idea of saving mass with adaptive structures in general, while at the same time supporting the derived design recommendations based on the pros and cons of the different types of mechanical integration.

When used consumer goods are exchanged, valuation proceeds differently than in markets for new goods. Many studies emphasize the social or socio-technical nature of valuation processes. This article outlines the difficulties inherent in these approaches when it comes to understanding valuation of used goods. These approaches, somewhat paradoxically, obscure the greater situatedness of contextualized “moments of valuation” in material flows and in relation to production processes. The ecological approach developed here shows that moments of valuation are never divorced from temporally and spatially prior and subsequent moments of valuation and waste production, and cannot be fully understood if not considered alongside the conditions in which the goods being valued are produced. The subtractive logic of ridding is crucial in the processes of production and valuation of used goods. This article draws on ethnographic and interview data from fourteen months of fieldwork in England to show how used books are valued in an ecology that stretches across connected moments and sites.

This study explores the key variables that influence overall waste minimization behaviors of consumers by augmenting the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with additional variables, including environmental concern, perceived consumer effectiveness, and perceived lack of facilities. Further, subjective norm is replaced by injunctive norm and descriptive norm. A questionnaire was administered to 455 consumers from North America, a region that faces acute waste production challenges. The findings suggest that perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) constitutes the most influential variable to predict zero waste behavior (ZWB) intentions (β = 0.380 p 0.001), even surpassing perceived behavioral control (PBC) (β = 0.232 p 0.001), PBC also directly influences ZWB (β = 0.321 p 0.001), and injunctive norms (β = 0.171 p 0.05) exert a slightly greater influence than attitudes (β = 0.122 p 0.001). Importantly, environmental concern is a meaningful antecedent to all belief variables (i.e., control belief [β = 0.689 p 0.001], normative belief [β = 0.378 p 0.001], and behavioral belief [β = 0.367p 0.001]) while exerting an indirect effect on ZWB (β = 0.474 [0.299, 0.523]), especially via attitudes and PBC. Albeit perceived lack of facilities negatively impacts intentions (β = -0.073 p 0.05), it positively relates ZWB (β = 0.189 p 0.001) or worsens the effect of intentions on ZWB (β = -0.033 [-0.102, 0.036]). The results deliver crucial insights to devise impactful strategies and formulate sound policies to nudge consumers' ZWB.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению территориальных инновационных кластеров в условиях реализации круговой экономики. Автором на примере титановой отрасли проанализирован титановый территориальный инновационный кластер, установлены и изучены условия, факторы и направления осуществления реализации круговой экономики в данном кластере. Также был выполнен анализ отходов титанового производства. Делается вывод о том, что в кластере создаются необходимые условия и реализуются основные факторы «круговой экономики» и наблюдается эффективность ее использования., The article is devoted to the consideration of regional innovation clusters in the context of a circular economy implementation. Using the example of the titanium industry, the author analyzes the titanium regional innovation cluster, identifies and studies the conditions, factors, and directions for implementing circular economy policy in the cluster. The analysis of titanium production waste was also carried out. It is concluded that the necessary conditions are created in the cluster and the main factors of the circular economy are implemented and the effectiveness of its use is observed.

The increase in waste production is directly proportional to the increase in population and the level of public consumption, because waste is the remnant of human activities. This is also an exception in the village of Sanur Kauh, South Denpasar District, Denpasar City. Sanur Kauh Village, currently has a Waste Management Site (TPS3R) managed by a Self-Help Group (KSM). The waste management system at Sekar Tanjung TPS with a 3R system, namely Reduce (reduction of waste products starting from the source), Reduce (Recycling for waste that can be reused) and Recycle (recycling waste) until now has been running but not optimal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic value of waste generated from waste management in Sanur Kauh Village, and also formulate a strategy to optimize the management of TPS 3R right in the tourist area of ​​Sanur Kauh Village. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive with data analysis using SWOT analysis, and using EFAS IFAS quadrant so as to produce a Waste Management Optimization Strategy which is the result of research from management aspects, aspects of human resources and aspects of infrastructure. The strategy generated from the SWOT analysis is the S-O strategy, namely Optimizing the Cooperation Agreement between the PSPLP Working Unit Prov. Bali with Sanur Kauh Village, and maximizing the organizational structure.

European countries are attempting to promote sustainable development by transitioning from a linear to a circular economy, where waste is to be prevented and recycling activities are promoted. This paper studies the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies for the packaging waste in two later European adopter countries of waste management policies: Portugal and Spain. The main goal is to evaluate whether EPR policies in both countries have achieved their basic two goals: 1) reduction of waste, and 2) increase recycling activities. Two case-studies were built based on interviews made to main waste management stakeholders. The analysis shows that the implementation of the EPR policies have had a positive impact throughout the years in both countries. Regarding the waste reduction goal, the systems have still not been completely able to detach packaging waste production from economic growth, but they have been able to promote material usage reduction directly through the Green dot fee model adopted. Regarding the increasing of recycling activities, both countries have been able to increase such rates throughout the years, in the direction of the EU targets.

One of the most promising areas for the use of waste production is ─ involving them recycled as raw materials for the production of ceramic bricks. The use of waste fuel and energy complex (inter-shale clay) and chemical wastes (alumosilicate sludge) in the production of ceramic bricks promotes recycling of industrial waste, environment, expansion of raw materials base for production of ceramic building materials. Developed innovative proposals for reducing negative impacts of toxic waste processing on environmental objects, which novelty is confirmed by Patents of the Russian Federation.

Nano-plastic (NP) usage is increasing across many industries; however, the risks posed from waste production or their accidental release into the environment have not been well investigated. Additionally, the resulting effects on the organisms within various environments based on NP exposure have not been thoroughly investigated. To contribute to this information, our current study focused on using an OECD test with additional validation tests to replicate the effects of a specific NP entering the freshwater environment. The current research analysed the potential toxicological, developmental and reproductive effects caused by fluorescent nano-polystyrene spheres (NPS) in juvenile (neonate) freshwater planktonic crustaceans, Daphnia magna. D. magna neonates were exposed for 24 h to a concentration range of 0–100 μg mL−1 of 100 nm diameter NPS as a mortality/immobility (MI) test. MI testing showed that the D. magna exhibited significant NPS consumption at all concentrations; however, adverse effects only occurred after exposure to 30 μg mL−1. The resulting EC50 for the NPS MI testing was 86.3 1 μg mL−1. Florescence imaging showed that the NPS were isolated to the D. magna intestines, even with exposure to a low concentration, producing a distinct emission, with no distinguishable NPS present in the other organs. UV-vis fluorimetry displayed an indirect relation between the initial consumption of NPS and increase in NPS exposure. The fluorimetry results showed an increase in NPS uptake up to 30 μg mL−1, and then a decrease since D. magna slowed consumption, and further increase after 100 μg mL−1. This indicated a change in the ratio of NPS within the intestines of Daphnia, which is independent to the exposure concentration. Raman spectroscopy analysis of the control D. magna produced a consistent emission spectrum, but with large FWHM peaks from its organic structures. The NPS-exposed D. magna clearly produced a clear and sharp peak attributed to a pure polystyrene signal following careful Z-mapping, which was not detected in the control samples. The results clearly present the successful Raman detection of the styrene signal from the NPS-exposed D. magna without significant pre-processing of the neonates.

Geopolymer is emerging as a new alternative binding material. It is made by alkali activation of waste materials containing alumino silicate such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, clay, etc. Geopolymer mortars/concretes are expected to be green binding material and consumes less energy. Production of geopolymer minimises waste production and protect environment. It has number of properties even better than conventional concretes. It can be used for 3D printing and can replace conventional concretes provided long term data is available. This article reviews some aspect of geopolymers.

Because of their unique and outstanding physicochemical properties, such as large specific area, ultralow thickness, high mechanical stiffness, and high electrical and thermal conductivities, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GNs), such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, etc., have become “star” nanomaterials for use in biomedical areas over the past decade. However, significant drawbacks like potential cytotoxicity still greatly limit their wider applications. Attempting to eliminate toxicity and enhance biofunctionalities, abundant modification methods for fabricating GNs-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites have been developed to alter their surface chemistry, especially through facile, environmentally friendly, biomimetic, as well as bioinspired methods. In this review, environmentally friendly approaches utilized for designing GNs-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites that integrate the benefits of the prevention of waste production and the use of less hazardous reagents are summarized. Moreover, learning from natural systems, biomimetic routes to modify GNs with superior biological performances are also discussed. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and bioactivity at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels are briefly introduced, and the representative biomedical applications for GNs-based advanced nanoplatforms and biocomposites are summarized. This review may help readers in understanding the state-of-the-art advances, current challenges, and prospects of environmentally friendly and biomimetic approaches for the functionalization of graphene and its derivatives that may improve their biomedical applications and inspire several newer opportunities in diverse nanomedical and biomedical areas.

With the merits of the accelerated crystallization process, high volume yields, and reduced waste production, solvent-free syntheses give new opportunities for the fabrication of zeolites. In this Frontier, a background overview is provided, consisting of a brief introduction of challenges in traditional zeolite syntheses and how solvent-free syntheses provide the right combination of properties for achieving a more sustainable route. Next, recent advancements in zeolites synthesized under solvent-free conditions are exemplified along with discussions about the strategies and principles involved. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities for this synthetic route are outlined.

Discovery of new protein biomarker candidates has become a major research goal in the areas of clinical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biomedicine. These important species constitute the molecular target when it comes to diagnosis, prognosis, and further monitoring of disease. However, their analysis requires powerful, selective and high-throughput sample preparation and product (analyte) characterisation approaches. In general, manual sample processing is tedious, complex and time-consuming, especially when large numbers of samples have to be processed (e.g., in clinical studies). Automation via microtiter-plate platforms involving robotics has brought improvements in high-throughput performance while comparable or even better precisions and repeatability (intra-day, inter-day) were achieved. At the same time, waste production and exposure of laboratory personnel to hazards were reduced. In comprehensive protein analysis workflows (e.g., liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis), sample preparation is an unavoidable step. This review surveys the recent achievements in automation of bottom-up and top-down protein and/or proteomics approaches. Emphasis is put on high-end multi-well plate robotic platforms developed for clinical analysis and other biomedical applications. The literature from 2013 to date has been covered.

Perception in relation to environment, which is process by individuals organize and interpret the impression of their senses to give meaning to their environment. With the perception, attitude will be formed which stable tendency to act in certain situations. The purpose of this study is to find out the perception of the people in Malaysia towards to waste management which seen from the role of the people in waste management, the motivation of the people to participate and the activities of people participation in waste management. This type of research is descriptive qualitative using observation, interview, and documentation study techniques in data collection. The results of the analysis of this study are: a) public perception of waste management in Malaysia b) efforts made by the government in relation to waste management in Malaysia c) impact of increasing waste production in Malaysia. Kata Kunci : Waste, Perception, Waste Management

BSM assists the Malang City Government in fostering, training and assisting the people of Malang City who are incorporated in BSM customers in 3R (Reuse, Reduse, Recycle) waste management from household sources. The BSM unit was established which was strengthened from the SK of the Central BSM in Malang, and not the personal owner or RT / RW. The issues that are prioritized in the PKM (community partnership program) activities are the target audience of economically unproductive community partners, namely the BST (Waste Bank Tirtarona) and BSM (Community Waste Bank) partners. The two partners whose initial existence was productive but which are still not optimal and have not been utilized according to the objectives of BSM. The purpose of the community waste management partnership program in the kecamatan area. lowokwaru Malang City to optimize waste management productivity according to the purpose of the establishment of the Waste Bank organization in creating peace, and comfort in community life. Specific targets to be achieved empower RT / RW waste managers as partners of Malang City BSM in managing / managing waste independently. Starting from receiving garbage, sorting, administering, weighing, processing up to the reporting stage as a form of BSM organizational evaluation to be able to contribute to its environment. The method used is the dissemination of the benefits of BSM waste management, activating the BSM work program by inviting the management with training and mentoring activities, comparative studies, helping waste production equipment and assisting in the renovation of BSM buildings. The results of the implementation of the community partnership program were found; 1). BSM Unit management model that is centralized, meaning that all activities are still based on the RT / RW chairman's instructions in the local environment. The Chairperson of BSM works on the recommendation of the chairman of the PKK RW driving team where the land is established by BSM. 2) the condition of the human resources of the majority BSM management from the age of 60 and above, thus influencing the performance in carrying out the BSM work program. 3). BSM community conditions are in urban areas whose activities are busy working, so that they often become obstacles for the organizers to carry out social activities.

Large-scale mining methods are commonplace in the mining industry, and caving has become the preferred underground mining technique. The use of block caving has increased worldwide and is expected to grow because of high production rates, low mining costs, and low waste production. One key engineering consideration in block caving is the drawpoint spacing layout, which must be selected prior to production based on widely spaced exploration data; uncertainty is highest during this stage of mining; and selecting an appropriate extraction level and layout is important for economic and safety considerations. In the proposed methodology, uncertainty in the grade block model is assessed with sequential Gaussian simulation and an optimisation procedure is developed to maximise net present value over many realisations while being constrained by mining considerations. This novel approach generates one layout that is optimal over all realisations rather than consider optimisation on a single kriged model wh...

The study presented in this paper explores and examines the role of grassroots environmental organisations in promoting schemes aimed at reducing the impact of waste production at a local level. Focusing on the Spanish municipality of Esporles, in the Balearic island of Mallorca, the authors investigate how participatory forums can increase involvement and engagement among residents in the implementation of waste management policies. Esporles introduced and implemented the first unit-pricing (UP) scheme in Spain, making the municipality a countrywide icon of environmental-friendly urban transformation. Due to its success, the scheme quickly became a model for other Spanish municipalities with regard to designing and developing local waste management solutions. Findings from this study demonstrate how increasing participation and involvement of local residents in public consultations and debates can effectively support the design and implementation of more sustainable waste management policies. In addition, findings illustrate how local authorities can empower residents in transforming urban environment through changing their behaviours and practices towards waste management. The role of grassroots environmental organisations appears important with regard to developing innovative instruments and delivering effective environmental policies to address waste management at a local level, and to achieve sustainable urban transformation.

Dental clinics are one of the sources of waste production that are important due to producing infectious and potentially infectious waste, chemical and pharmaceutical waste, and toxic waste. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze dental clinics in Zabol quantitatively and qualitatively. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 on waste produced in dental clinics in Zabol. Sampling of 25 dental clinics was performed three times per week. At the end of the working day, the samples were transferred to a suitable site and weighed carefully after separation of the components. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Excel software. 5457 kg of waste is annually produced in the dental clinics of Zabol that the amount of infectious and potentially infectious waste, household-like waste, chemical and pharmaceutical waste, and toxic wastes are approximately 48.08, 43.75, 7.82 and 0.35%, respectively. Given that proper management of waste produced is not performed in dental clinics in Zabol, special attention to waste produced in this sector through programs of reduction in source, separation and recycling can reduce the waste volume significantly. Keywords: Dentistry waste, Dental clinics, Waste composition, Infectious waste, Toxic waste

The ability for low reagent consumption and minimum waste production in a miniaturised system has generated great interest in the green chemistry field and medical testing. Microfluidic technology is the trend of miniaturization of testing instruments. Passive micromixer in particular has attracted much attention over active micromixers due to their fabrication and operation simplicity. This article presents a Wall-Fractal micromixer, in which, the effect of fractal structure on mixing efficiency was studied by numerical simulation. On the basis of fractal principle, the study focus on the Primary Wall-Fractal (PWF) and Secondary Wall-Fractal (SWF) in the single wall and double walls on the mixing efficiency. Under different numbers of Reynolds (Res), the efficiency of SWF was better than that of PWF. With the distance A-B increasing, it does not contribute to improve the mixing efficiency. Effected by the symmetrically Wall-Fractal that the mixing efficiency at Re = 0.05 and Re = 100 reach up to 95% in outlet. Because of its high mixing efficiency, Wall-Fractal micromixer will have broad application prospects.

A municipal solid waste fee has become an important means for the implementation of the waste management rendered by the government all around the world. Based on the ecological environmental compensation theory, this article constructs an analytical framework of waste charging from the perspective of public policy evaluation, to carry on the comprehensive comparison and analysis to the operability, feasibility, validity, rationality, and universality of the two modes of waste charging: Ration charge and unit-pricing modes. The results indicate that in the cities with large amounts of waste production, long time of waste charging, and high disposal rate, pilot projects should be carried out; and the government needs to improve the construction of associated laws and regulations.

Electronic waste (E-waste) generation is evaluated at 20–50 million tons, representing 1–3% of the general waste generated yearly worldwide. The large quantities of outdated and life-ended electrical and electronic equipment make it a fast-growing waste production all over the world. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most highly valued precious components of E-waste. Apart from valuable metals, PCBs contain many dangerous and hazardous substances. The very unpredictable mix of such different important and hazardous materials combined in a small volume poses serious challenges for the recovery and recycling of these constituents. To prevent toxicity of these contaminants to humans and environment, it is inevitable to analyze the peculiarities and compositions of various materials in E-waste and determine how to manage their recycling via green ecofriendly processes. This paper will deal with the outline of E-waste problem, its diverse categories, composition, management, and various recycling processes especially the green ecofriendly ones with unique attention toward extraction of valuable metals. Unfortunately, despite the fact that many efforts to develop recycling technologies have been endeavored, these technologies are still rather exclusive and inadequate because of the intricacy of the E-waste system. Hence, the demerits of each process are debated and discussed from the viewpoint of technical advancement and environmental protection.

Tingginya aktivitas konsumsi yang dilakukan masyarakat berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnnya produksi sampah. Salah satu permasalahan tingginya produksi sampah yaitu rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Hal ini merupakan masalah yang dihadapi di kota-kota besar. Sampah memberikan dampak negatif terhadap perubahan kondisi alam yang ada yaitu terjadinya polusi udara, air dan tanah yang mengakibatkan lingkungan menjadi tidak sehat. Kegiatan pengelolaan sampah melalui sosialisasi program 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) tentang sampah, telah memberikan dampak yang maksimal terhadap kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya lingkungan yang sehat. seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk memberikan dampak pada peningkatan produksi sampah. Sehingga membutuhkan lahan pembuangan sampah yang mencukupi dalam jangka panjang. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka dilakukan analisa data terhadap estimasi ketersediaan lahan pembuangan sampah dalam jangka panjang dengan menggunakan teknik data mining. dari hasil analisa data mining menggunakan algoritma regresi linear sederhana dengan memperhatikan pertumbuhan penduduk tahun 2018 sampai dengan 2025 sebesar 201484 jiwa, maka diketahui bahwa peningkatan sampah dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2025 adalah 36.052,326 ton. Sehingga dari luas lahan 30000 M2 hanya tersediaan lahan pembuangan sampah sampai tahun 2025 sebesar 5.965,1 M2.

Carbon dots (CDs), a novel member of the carbon family, are recently emerging as a potential substitute for traditional fluorescent materials. Compared to chemically derived CDs, green CDs produced from the renewable resources drawn much attention owing to their distinctive features such as cost effective, non-toxic nature, tunable luminescence, improved aqueous solubility and high biocompatibility. Using sustainable raw material and biomass for the development of functional material promotes the minimization of waste production. In this review, we outline and briefly discuss various synthesis routes, fluorescent mechanisms and precursors required to form the CDs, with a primary emphasis on the eco-friendly hydrothermal approach. Different heteroatoms in the form of functional groups available on the surface of green CDs help improve their quantum yield, physicochemical, and optical properties without surface passivation. Moreover, CDs tunable and up- photoluminescence behavior (PL) led to their remarkable usage in sensing, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Further, the importance of food wastes (animal, plant, and food processing byproducts) as the source of carbon which is often overlooked, is also reported herein. The promising applications of CDs in bioimaging, fluorescent inks, drug delivery, catalysis, and heavy metal ions detection were also elaborated. In the end, an outlook on the opportunities, possible challenges, and appealing prospects concerning the beneficial exploitation of renewable resources are discussed.