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This study synthesized water-based polyurethane with acrylate terminal group (WPUA) using the long carbon chain of stearyl acrylate to synthesize hydrophobic poly-stearyl acrylate (PSA). The proposed process could minimize environmental pollution caused by fluorine-containing monomers. As a water-based polyurethane (WPU) end-capping agent, the hydrophobic PSA and the hydrophilic and water vapor permeable WPU are copolymerized to form a WPUA functional resin with simultaneous water vapor permeability (WVP) and water repellency. Here, 2-mercaptoethanol was used to control the molecular weight of PSA to prepare the acrylate end-capping agent. PSA was then employed in WPU to form WPUA, which is characterized by the moisture permeability of WPU and water repellency of acrylic resin simultaneously. During the WPUA process, dimethylacetamide was used as a neutralizer to replace the traditional toxic chemical control drug triethylamine. This study set up the material and chemical structure to replace the toxic chemical-controlled drugs and organofluoride in the traditional preparation of moisture permeable and water repellent materials. The proposed process was proven to reduce the consumption of organic solvent, achieve WPUA copolymer stability, and provided moisture permeable and water repellent functions. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the structure of WPUA, while thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were performed to establish the thermal properties of WPUA. After the WPUA was padded on nylon fabric, its water drop contact angle was observed through a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the contact angle of nylon fabric increased significantly, water repellency was reached, and WVP rises by 23.75%.

Flow and heat transfer of water-based nanofluid over a stretchable rotating disk under the influence of an alternating magnetic field is investigated. The external magnetic field creates a hindrance in the flow and depends on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field. The frequency of an alternating magnetic field can increase or decrease the viscosity of the magnetic fluid in the flow. A set of nonlinear differential equations in the present theoretical model is solved numerically using the finite element method. Volume concentration, frequency of the alternating magnetic field, magnetic polarization force, and Prandtl number play an important role in the velocity and temperature distributions of iron/water nanofluid. A comparative study for velocity and heat transfer is presented for iron/water, nickel/water, and cobalt/water ferromagnetic nanofluid. The rotational viscosity enhances the heat transfer in nanofluid provided the magnetic field should be stationary.

The need for an environmentally friendly tool in textile production is the major concern of consumers and traders. The current study is aimed to use supercritical CO2 technology to improve dyeing o...

The capture of toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ammonia (NH3) can mitigate widespread air pollution. An emerging class of adsorbents known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer high ...

High-yield shale gas flow has been discovered in the Cambrian Shuijingtuo group shale (the Shuijingtuo shale) of the first shale gas well of Yichang, West Hubei, China. However, there are very few ...

Thermoresponsive nonionic block copolymers, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (MPEG-b-PNIPAM), were investigated as chemical aids for the water-based oil sands extraction ...

Aim:To investigate the effects of the water-based exercise on balance, mobility, mobility and functional independence, functional performance, fear of falling and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease.Methods:We searched pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base and SciELO to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials that investigated the effects of water-based exercise in people with Parkinson’s disease. Two comparisons were made: water-based exercise versus usual care and water-based exercise versus land-exercise. The main outcomes were Balance, Confidence, Mobility, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and quality of life. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2test.Results:Fifteen randomised controlled trials were found (435 people). Compared to usual care, water-based exercise resulted in improvement in balance MD (9.1, 95% CI: 6.5, 11.8, N = 45). Water-based exercise resulted in improvement in balance MD (3.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.0, N = 179), mobility MD (−2.2, 95% CI: −3.3, −1.0, N = 197) and quality of life MD (−5.5, 95% CI: −11, −0.07, N = 98) compared to land-based exercise, but without significant difference in functional performance MD (0.01, 95% CI: −2.6 to 2.7, N = 69). Land-based exercise resulted in improvement in fear of falling MD (−3.5, 95% CI: −5.6, −1.3, N = 58) compared to water-based exercise.Conclusion:Water-based exercise was more efficient than land-based exercise and/or usual care in improving balance, mobility and quality of life in people with Parkinson’s disease.

The energy industry is exploring sustainable chemistry and engineering solutions for exploitation of shale reservoirs. Smectite-rich shale is challenging to drill with traditional water-based drill...

The present experimental analysis targeted on the preparation of water based (Al2O3-SiC-TiO2) ternary hybrid nanofluids by the mistreatment of two-stage methodology. Each vol. fraction sample of ternary hybrid nanofluids consists of an equal proportion of Al2O3-SiC-TiO2 nanoparticles for this analysis. The result for the dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids was examined for a temperature range of 35–40 °C and within a vol. fraction range of (0.01–0.1%). Analysis extended to the morphology characterization study through SEM image, together with an EDX analysis for 0.1% vol. fraction ternary hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, based on the supported results, a new correlation was projected for the dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluid, and also compared with the relevant literatures. The results revealed that the rise in vol. fraction, contains a larger role in increasing the interior resistance of fluid and the low vol. fractions have a weaker result on the viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids. The best relative consistency was discovered within 0.1% vol. fraction and, consistent with the obtained results, the margin of deviation within the intervals of ±2.6%.

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with nanoscale dimension, high aspect ratio, and easily modified surface chemistry show great potential as novel rheological and filtration modifiers in bentonite water-...

Shale gas production after drill-in, completion, and hydraulic fracturing is strongly affected by formation damage. In order to determine the damage mechanisms for nonmarine shale reservoir, a series of assessments of sensitivity damage, water block damage, water-based drill-in fluids damage, and water damage to gas diffusion on 20 shale samples obtained from Chang 7 Formation were conducted and analyzed. Results indicate that, in the Chang 7 Formation shale, there is extremely strong stress sensitivity and moderately weak water sensitivity damage. Although the liquid phase invasion depth is shallow and the water block damage is limited, the liquid phase and solid particles would enter the microfractures in the reservoir.The P-1 water-based drill-in fluid is compatible with the Chang 7 Formation shale reservoir which can meet the requirement of Chang 7 Formation shale damage controlling, the effect of water-based drill-in fluid on wellbore stability should be paid more attention. The diffusion coefficient of the shale decreases with the presence of water.A systematic damage evaluation method of working fluid considering the multi-mechanism and multi-scale mass transfer process of shale gas is needed to establish.

To verify the effects of aquatic exercises performed with high-speed movement on physical function, muscle function, and quality of life of older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This was a si...

Bacterial colonization poses significant health risks, such as infestation of surfaces in biomedical applications and clean water unavailability. If maintaining the surrounding water clean is a target, developing surfaces with strong bactericidal action, which is facilitated by bacterial access to the surface and mixing, can be a solution. On the other hand, if sustenance of a surface free of bacteria is the goal, developing surfaces with ultralow bacterial adhesion often suffices. Here we report a facile, scalable, and environmentally benign strategy that delivers customized surfaces for these challenges. For bactericidal action, nanostructures of inherently antibacterial ZnO, through simple immersion of zinc in hot water, are fabricated. The resulting nanostructured surface exhibits extreme bactericidal effectiveness (9250 cells cm–2 h–1) that eliminates bacteria in direct contact and also remotely through the action of reactive oxygen species. Remarkably, the remote bactericidal action is achieved without the need for any illumination, otherwise required in conventional approaches. As a result, ZnO nanostructures yield outstanding water disinfection of >99.98%, in the dark, by inactivating the bacteria within 3 h. Moreover, Zn2+ released to the aqueous medium from the nanostructured ZnO surface have a concentration of 0.73 ± 0.15 ppm, markedly below the legal limit for safe drinking water (5–6 ppm). The same nanostructures, when hydrophobized (through a water-based or fluorine-free spray process), exhibit strong bacterial repulsion, thus substantially reducing bacterial adhesion. Such environmentally benign and scalable methods showcase pathways toward inhibiting surface bacterial colonization. ISSN:1520-5045 ISSN:0888-5885

This study intends to explore the lubrication mechanism of hexagonal boron nitride nano-additive. Synergistic analysis comprising worn surface observation, surface wettability testing, and the Stribeck curve principle is used to test this water-based lubricant on steel–steel contact. Distilled water and 0.1–5.0 vol.% hexagonal boron nitride nano-additive is used to prepare a mixture using sonification technique. A viscometer is employed to determine the viscosity of the nanolubricant. A four-ball tribometer is employed to determine the tribological characteristics and lubrication performance. Hamrock and Dowson equations are used to determine the minimum film thickness needed for lubrication. Surface morphology characteristics are inspected using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface tension meter, and profilometer. The efficacy of the lubricant as friction and wear-reduction additive is determined to have a mixed lubrication regime with the optimum concentration of 1.0 vol.% hexagonal boron nitride. Protecting film, mending effect, rolling effect, and polishing effect have been recommended as the lubrication mechanisms. Increasing the addition of hexagonal boron nitride additives may lead to a change in the lubrication regime from mixed to hydrodynamic, where agglomeration is observed in the nanoparticles, and an increase in friction is observed.

International audience; This study reports an optimization of the extraction of sinapine from industrial mustard bran using an ethanol/water mixture as a green solvent. Response Surface Methodology was used to determine the optimal operating conditions for the extraction process. The results show that to obtain a maximum yield of sinapine, the extraction process must be carried out at 75 °C with 70% ethanol and a ratio of 10 mL/gBDM. Under these conditions, the extraction kinetics have shown that equilibrium is reached for a concentration of 8.8 ± 0.1 mg/gBDM in 30 min. The mustard bran is exhausted to 95% sinapine after two successive extractions. The selectivity of the extraction process for sinapine could be increased by 20% using an ethanol concentration of 83%, the yield of sinapine is then 8.0 ± 0.1 mg/gBDM.

In oil and gas industry, the nanotechnology has been applied in different fields. Reservoir, exploration, drilling, completion, production, processing, and refinery are nanotechnology applications fields. Nanoparticles materials are one of the areas that are utilized in preparing drilling fluids. These nanomaterials are used to formulate high performance drilling fluids. In other words, these nano particles materials can be used to design smart drilling fluids. The properties of these drilling fluids can be met the well conditions requirements. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of Iraqi bentonite in drilling fluids using nanomaterials. Iraqi calcium montmorillonite clay (Ca- bentonite) from Wadi Bashera in Iraqi Western Desert was obtained and studied in order to use it as an alternative active solid to the imported commercial bentonite. Water based drilling fluids were prepared with 3, 6, and 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. Mgnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with different concentrations were used. The experimental work showed that, MgO NPs resulted in a significant increase in the rheological properties of drilling fluids prepared with 3 and 6 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. In contrast, moderate effect on the rheological properties of drilling fluid prepared with 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite were obtained with low concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Basically drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite had extreme filtrate volume compared with API specifications and poor controlling to filtration properties were obtained with MgO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs additions. The impact of these two nanomaterials was revealed on the stability of drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite, where an enhancemment from 65 % to 100% was observed.

This research is motivated by the rapid development of natural science and research conducted by scientists. We already know that Zamzam water is the best water on earth according to the hadith of the prophet Muhammad SAW. Therefore, the authors are interested in researching and examining more deeply about Zamzam water based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad and science. This research is a library research with primary data source in the form of Complete Hadith Index by Ahmad Zacky El-Syafa and supported by international journals. The data management technique uses qualitative data analysis, while the data analysis techniques and steps are to describe, collect and describe.

In an effort to reduce negative feedback resulting from temperature fluctuations, house floors are commonly laid with laminate flooring. The aim of this study was to study the thermal insulation properties and adhesion strength of the water-based insulation paint mixed with hollow glass spheres and applied onto the laminate flooring. The objective was to determine whether a prepared insulation paint mixture can be used instead of backing paper. For this purpose, two different laminate flooring samples were used. In the first case, the upper surface of the sample was coated with decorative paper and the lining surface was coated with backing paper. The upper surface of the second sample was coated with decorative paper and the lining surface was not coated with backing paper. Then, insulation paint mixture was applied 2, 4, or 6 times to the lining surfaces of both groups, and experimental results were obtained. As the number of layers was increased, the insulation mixture applied to the lining surfaces of the test samples was found to contribute positively to thermal insulation and adhesion resistance of specimens.

Selection of chemicals for the modification of Nigerian Ubalaka clay toward formulating a new water-based drilling fluid is very essential. This study investigated the use of NaOH, NaHCO3, KOH and ...

In drilling fluid program, selecting the drilling fluid that will reduce the lost time is the first objective, and will be economical regardless of its cost. The amount and type of solids in drilling fluid is the primary control of the rheological and filtration properties. Palygorskite clay (attapulgite) is an active solid that has the ability to reactive with its environment and form a gel structure within a fluid and due to its stability in the presence of brines and electrolytes this type of clay is preferred for use. The aim of this study is to improve properties of Iraqi palygorskite (PAL) by adding different chemical additives such as caustic soda NaOH and soda ash Na2CO3 with a different concentration in both fresh and salt water-based drilling fluid to satisfy the API specification and to compete with imported palygorskite. The palygorskite claystone of Late Cretaceous age is present in the Western Desert of Iraq within the Digma Formation. In this study, two areas in Western Desert palygorskite were obtained, Bahr Al-Najaf and Trefawi. The results of rheological properties showed that the performance of Bahr Al-Najaf PAL was more affected by caustic soda than Trefawi PAL. In contrast, Trefawi PAL performance was more affected with low concentrations of soda ash than Bahr Al-Najaf PAL in both fresh and salt water-based drilling fluid. Also, these additives lead to improve the value of pH in both fresh and salt drilling fluid that increases the ability of clay to be more dispersed in drilling fluid. Besides that, enhancement of drilling fluid prepared with Iraqi palygorskite stability to 85 and 80 in fresh and saltwater, respectively, was observed with soda ash additions.

Dynamism associated with drilling conditions such as during well completion may necessitate switching between overbalanced drilling and underbalanced drilling in the same drilling operation. One possible way to easily facilitate this is to use appropriate drilling fluid suitable for any drilling condition. A multifunctional drilling fluid additive gives the opportunity to develop drilling fluids that have the same base composition but different functionality. In this study, a novel additive was developed via alkaline extraction and hydrolysis of date pits components in a freezing-defreezing technique. This additive was tested in a water-based bentonite drilling fluid which was characterized in terms of density and filtration properties. The results showed that the drilling fluids containing this novel additive have low filtration properties attributed to products of complete alkaline hydrolysis of fatty acids and amino acids, and the unreacted alkali. The drilling fluid containing the novel additive when neutralized resulted in another drilling fluid of higher filtration properties and lower density. The potential of the un-neutralized drilling fluid to form a thin filter cake of low permeability makes it a suitable candidate for overbalanced drilling while the synergistic effect of both the low density and high filtration property of the neutralized drilling fluid favours its efficacy for underbalanced drilling. The multifunctionality of this novel additive derives from its potential to be used to develop both the overbalanced drilling fluid and underbalanced drilling fluid.

This paper presents the results of a study of the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility of water-based magnetic fluids (magnetic colloids) with magnetite particles stabilized by their electrostatic interaction. The average size of dispersed particles was 8 nm, and the volume concentration of particles in the selected samples under study was 1.4% and 1.6%. The investigations were carried out over a wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility, for the first time, was obtained in the region of the colloidal phase transition under supercooling of the dispersion medium (water). Significant differences were found between the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility of such magnetic fluids, where as similar dependences have been found for the susceptibility of magnetic hydrocarbon-based fluids. The observed behavior of such dependences near the water phase transition temperature is determined by the changes in the water phase state, heat release and structuring of the colloid as a result of water crystallization. Moreover, it is suggested that a certain impact on the dependence behavior in the region of the colloidal solidification temperature can also come from the process of blocking the Brownian degrees of freedom of a small fraction of large dispersed particles. It is concluded that the observed maxima in the investigated susceptibility temperature dependences in the lower temperature region are due to magnetic transformations in the colloidal zones formed at the solidification front of the disperse medium with a dense packing of single-domain colloidal particles.

Smart containers can be produced with polyelectrolyte multilayers that can release inhibitors in response to environmental changes at the coating defects. In this study, mesoporous TiO2 hollow sphe...

Wellbore instability and formation collapse are crucial issues in the process of well excavation in the oil industry under extreme high temperature conditions. A novel zwitterionic quaternary copol...

In this study, based on a viscosity and gel-strength improving agent synthesized in a laboratory, a weak-gel-type clay-free and water-based drilling fluid was developed experimentally to optimize t...

In this paper, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer between acrylamide (AM) and N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The initiator and crosslinking agent concentration were used to control the particle size of micro-gel polymer. The filtration property and mechanism of micro-gel were investigated comprehensively. The characteristics of micro-gel were checked by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution, respectively. The results indicated that the cross-linked micro-gel polymer exhibited several outstanding merits, such as thermal stability (up to 200 °C), filtration control and rheological property. Microstructure analysis and particle size distribution examinations showed that the scale of micro-gel polymer was micro, which is in accord with design. Rheological tests demonstrated that the nonlinear structure of micro-gel polymer showed less impact on the apparent viscosity. The anti-high temperature property of micro-gel polymer was better than poly anioniccellulose (PAC) and asphalt widely applied in drilling fluid for anti-high temperature fluid-loss additive. As a result, the cross-linked micro-gel polymer had great potential to be applied in high temperature water-based mud.

This research analyzed the printability of compostable films commercialized in the Thai market such as PLA/PBAT and PBAT/starch; and to comply with EN 13432 standard by using flexographic water based ink. A narrow web flexographic printing press was set up and opperated. Print quality parameters such as optical density, tone reproduction, print contrast and print uniformity were investigated. Results showed that these compostable films were hydrophobic in nature, in combination with fracture and voids of substrates’ surface. Even the substrates could be printed relatively well but showed poor ink adhesion. Surface treatment, therefore, was necessary, but having limitation. Anilox line screen 700 lpi and printing speed at 30 m/min were preferable to achieve the optimum tone reproduction and print contrast. This was based on the image resolution of 133 lpi and corona dosage at 500 watt-min/m2. Images of printed samples from SEM and SPM indicated that the fracture surface and void of films could lead to decrease their printability. It was found that starch blend gave better results as being a filler of the surface roughness of the substrate..

Nanocellulose fibers (NCF) is a renewable biodegradable polymer in nature. It has extensively interest as a reinforcement material in nanocomposites due to its nanoscale advantages. However, the efficiency of NCF dispersion in polymer matrix has limitation due to its self-agglomeration.The objective of this research was to prepare surface-modified NCF using three different acids; succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and citric acid. The molar ratios of acid to anhydroglucose units in NCF used in this work were 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1. The effects of acid types and molar ratios toward physical properties were studied. The results showed that succinic anhydride-modified NCF provided the highest DS range from 0.46-0.86. Dispersion of succinic anhydride-modified NCF provided good stability in water for 30 days. The succinic anhydride-modified NCF of 1:6 molar ratio is suitable for emulsion coating application.

In this letter, a swastika-shaped ultrabroadband metamaterials absorber is proposed. The designed absorber can be fabricated with the polylactic acid by 3-D printing, and packaged after filling with water. The absorber can achieve greater than 90% absorption in the frequency band of 9.3–49.0 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 136%, which has been well demonstrated in the microwave experiment. Moreover, it also performs well at wide angles of incidence and the absorption efficiency has almost no obvious changes over the water temperature range of 0 °C–100 °C. The absorber proposed in this letter benefits from ultrawideband absorption, low cost and environment-friendly materials, it can be applied in the fields of electromagnetic (EM) stealth and EM energy harvesting.

In the present study, the effect of temperature and volume concentration on thermal conductivity and density of water-based coal fly ash nanofluid for volume concentration range of 0–0.5% in temper...

A new scandium naphthalenedicarboxylate with the framework composition [Sc-2(1,4-NDC)(3)] (H-2-1,4-NDC = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) was obtained under hydrothermal synthesis conditions. A st ...

In this paper, a water based All Dielectric Frequency Selective Surface (ADFSS) is presented made of renewable materials. This surface is based on a modified dielectric resonator incorporating air ...

Exploring deep and ultradeep wells has rapidly become more significant to meet the global demand for oil and gas. The study of rheological and filtration-loss properties is essential to designing drilling muds and determining their performance under operational conditions. Rheological and filtration-loss properties of drilling muds were found to have a negative impact when exposed to elevated temperatures in the wells. In this study, an amphoteric polymer (abbreviated to PEX) was synthesized and characterized using a combination of analyses: FTIR, SEM, 13CNMR, and TGA. The synthesized PEX was used as an additive in water-based drilling muds to improve rheological properties and reduce fluid loss at elevated temperatures (180–220 °C). The experimental results demonstrated that inclusion of an optimal concentration of PEX (0.3 wt %) into the drilling mud formulation increased the rheological properties by 62.3% and decreased the filtration loss by 63.5% at an aging temperature of 180 °C. Moreover, PEX was found to perform superbly compared to polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV) and polyacrylamide (PAM), the widely used drilling mud additives. PEX not only improved the rheological properties and reduced the filtration loss behavior but also bolstered the thermostability of the drilling mud formulation. It was concluded that the rigidity and amphoteric nature of PEX accounted for the exceptional performance and temperature resistance for PEX-drilling mud formulations. Succinctly, PEX exhibits admirable properties in smart drilling mud formulations for drilling operations under high-temperature geothermal conditions. Moreover, in terms of rheological models, the Herschel–Bulkley model adequately described the rheological properties of all the studied drilling mud formulations.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse vertical ground reaction force (Fz) and oxygen uptake (VO2) responses in six different water-based exercises performed at different cadences by postm...

Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials, their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic costs of their synthesis. A green preparation pathway could greatly reduce the environmental costs, energy, and the need for toxic organic solvents, and consequently reduce the production cost. Thus, the most desirable synthesis route is the replacement of harsh organic solvents with aqueous solutions to abate environmental and economic impacts. This review summarizes recent research advancements of water-based routes for MOF synthesis and gives a brief outline of the most prominent examples. The challenges and prospects of the commercialization of promising MOFs in the future are also presented. This study aims to offer necessary information regarding the green, sustainable, and industrially acceptable fabrication of MOFs for their commercial applications in the future.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the tribology behavior of steel–steel contact under the lubrication of water-based drilling mud with different oleic acid-filled microcapsules as lubricant additives. Design/methodology/approach A ball-on-disc tribometer was used to evaluate the lubrication properties of the steel–steel contact. The wear tracks of the worn surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope. Findings Results show that the dependence of both friction and wear on the category of additives shares a consistent pattern. In contrast to oleic acid and empty microcapsules, oleic acid-filled microcapsules achieve the best tribological performance which is related to the lubricant effect of oleic acid and the isolation and rolling abilities of microcapsules. Practical implications This study provides a helpful method of encapsulated lubricant additives to prolong lubrication performance for steel–steel contact. Originality/value This study has applied microcapsules to improve the tribological properties of drilling mud. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2019-0320/

Primary oil recovery from fractured unconventional formations, such as shale or tight sands, is typically less than 10%. The development of an economically viable enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techni...

Lubrication properties of drilling mud determine the performance of drilling operations. In this research, five imidazolium cation–based and two phosphonium cation–based ionic liquids (ILs) were st...