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Research has been conducted on 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzothiazines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines, and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazepines. The synthesis of these compounds carried out via directed thiophenol and phenol ortho-lithiation and via substituted thiophenol side-chain lithiation is described.

Research has been conducted on the 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazines. The synthesis of these compounds carried out via the treatment of the N-substituted N,N-bis(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-amines with zinc bromide and thioamides is described.

In this paper, we tentatively assign the P c (4312) to be a D ¯ Σ c molecular state with quantum number J P = 1 2 - , and calculate its magnetic moment using the QCD sum rule method in external weak electromagnetic field. Starting with the two-point correlation function in external electromagnetic field and expanding it in power of the electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonian, we extract the magnetic moment from the linear response to the external electromagnetic field. The numerical value of the magnetic moment of P c (4312) is μ P c = 1. 75 - 0.11 + 0.15 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we tentatively assign Z c (3900) to be an axialvector molecular state, and calculate its magnetic moment using the QCD sum rule method in an external weak electromagnetic field. Starting with the two-point correlation function in the external electromagnetic field and expanding it in powers of the electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonian, we extract the mass and pole residue of the Z c (3900) state from the leading term in the expansion and the magnetic moment from the linear response to the external electromagnetic field. The numerical values are m Z c = 3.97 ± 0.12 GeV in agreement with the experimental value m Z c exp = 3899.0 ± 3.6 ± 4.9 MeV , λ Z c = 2.1 ± 0.4 × 10 - 2 GeV 5 and μ Z c = 0. 19 - 0.01 + 0.04 μ N . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted on 3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, and imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine. Results demonstrate that these compounds have been obtained regiospecifically via the reaction of 2-aminopyridines with 1,2-bis(benzotriazolyl)-1,2-(dialkylamino)-ethanes.

The composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota and associated metabolites changes dramatically with diet and the development of obesity. Although many correlations have been described, specific mechanistic links between these changes and glucose homeostasis remain to be defined. Here we show that blood and intestinal levels of the microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, are elevated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the N-formyl peptide receptor Fpr1 leads to increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, dependent upon glucagon-like peptide 1. Obese Fpr1 knockout mice also display an altered microbiome, exemplifying the dynamic relationship between host metabolism and microbiota. Overall, we describe a new mechanism by which the gut microbiota can modulate glucose metabolism, providing a potential approach for the treatment of metabolic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ξ-Submanifolds in the Euclidean spaces are a natural extension of self-shrinkers and a generalization of λ-hypersurfaces. Moreover, ξ-submanifolds are expected to take the place of submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector. In this paper, we establish a Bernstein-type theorem for ξ-submanifolds in the Euclidean spaces. More precisely, we prove that an n-dimensional smooth graphic ξ-submanifold with flat normal bundle in is an affine n-plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) serves dual roles: it acts as a selective barrier and also as a regulator for the photoreceptor layer situated above it. The RPE is considered a crucial target for halting the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study focuses on understanding the protective role of blueberry anthocyanin extracts (BAEs), particularly its anti-oxidant constituent, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), against damage to RPE cells induced by high glucose (HG) levels. The findings revealed that the BAEs mitigated damage to HG-induced ARPE-19 cells by decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which improved cell morphology and cell viability (p < 0.01). Importantly, these cytoprotective effects were linked to the C3G rich in BAEs. The underlying mechanism may involve C3G interrupting the ROS generation feedback loop by downregulating REDD1 expression, which in turn enhanced the retinal Nrf2 antioxidant response to HG through the promotion of the GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser-9. Moreover, C3G suppressed VEGFA expression by inhibiting REDD1 levels in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells, subsequently preventing an increase in vascular permeability. In conclusion, this study suggested that the C3G relieved HG-induced oxidative stress damage in ARPE-19 cells via REDD1/GSK3β pathway and inhibited an increase in vascular permeability by downregulating VEGFA expression. These insights could shed light on how this natural bioactive compound can help manage HG-associated eye disorders like DR. [Display omitted] • BAEs effectively alleviated the oxidative damage of ARPE-19 cells caused by high glucose. • The protective effect of BAEs on ARPE-19 cells was positively correlated with the C3G content. • C3G regulated the functional impairment of ARPE-19 cells caused by high glucose through the REDD1/GSK3β pathway. • C3G inhibited the generation of VEGF in ARPE-19 cells induced by high glucose to maintain retinal homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted on 2,4-benzodiazepin-1-ones. The preparation of these compounds via reaction of bis(benzotriazolylmethyl)amines with ortho-metalated N-substituted benzamides is described.

Microorganisms exert both beneficial and deleterious effects on food stuff. Foodomics is a new holistic approach that employs advanced omics technologies for the exploitation of food and nutrition sciences. This article intends to review the methodologies of foodomics, especially in proteomics and metabolomics. The applications of foodomics in food microbiology were also discussed, such as food safety assessment, quality control regulation, food nutrition and health study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying processing is an indispensable procedure for the application of krill. Different drying methods usually offer significant influence on the physicochemical properties of foodstuff. This study investigated the effects of freeze and hot-air drying approaches on krill using lipidomics and proteomics. Multivariate analysis indicated the dramatic differences between freeze dried and hot-air dried krill. A total of 276 lipids were observed to be changed, including phosphatidylcholines (PC), triacylglycerols (TG) as well as fatty acids (FA) and their conjugates. Interestingly, several long-chain polyunsaturated phospholipids, such as PC (20:5_22:6), PC (20:5_20:5) and PE (16:0_22:6) displayed higher contents in hot-air dried krill, suggesting that method was beneficial to the high-quality krill oil extraction. On the other hand, the levels of 13 proteins in hot-air dried krill were noted to be higher, whereas other 101 proteins were found to be higher in freeze dried krill. These results indicated that hot-air drying processing reserved more phospholipids in krill oil, but degraded lots of krill tissue proteins. The freeze drying maintained more proteins in tissue, increasing the risk of deterioration for long-term storge. Taken together, this comprehensive analysis provided novel insights into the processing of krill to facilitate the utilization of krill resource. [Display omitted] • Ethanol showed excellent performance for the phospholipid extraction from krill. • Hot-air dried and freeze dried krill had obvious differences on lipidome and proteome. • Hot-air dried krill had more polyunsaturated phospholipids than freeze dried. • Freeze drying reserved more proteins in krill than hot-air drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final product of the glycerol phosphate (GP) pathway is triacylglycerol (TAG) that regulates the homeostasis of energy, fatty acids and phospholipids in cells. The enzymes involved in this pathway have been characterized in many model organisms; however, their contributions to fungal infection are largely unclear. In this study, we performed serial deletion of genes in the GP pathway in the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. The results indicated that a lysophosphatidate acyltransferase mrLPAAT1 was required for fungal growth, cell differentiation, maintenance of cell polarity and virulence. Lipidomic analysis indicated that deletion of mrLPAAT1 resulted in significant increases in TAG, fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine (PC) but decreased phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and other species of phospholipids when compared to the wild type. Disruption of the isozymatic gene mrLPAAT2, however, resulted in a reduction in PC but not PA in the mutant cells. There were no changes in development and virulence in ΔmrLPAAT2. Phospholipid feeding assays verified that a PE supplement could rescue the cell differentiation defect in ΔmrLPAAT1. The results of this study reveal that cellular phospholipid homeostasis mediated by the GP pathway regulates fungal growth, cell polarity, differentiation and virulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]