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In order to improve flavor and taste and enhance the nutritional value of cider, apple and Lycium barbarum were used as the main raw materials to develop a compound wine. The quality of the wine was analyzed by sensory evaluation, Alcohol and polyphenols. The fermentation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (LA AROM, LA BAYANUS, LA CEREVISIAE, EXECLLENCE XR) were investigated. Optimization of fermentation technology of the wine by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The aroma substances in the wine were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that The fermentation speed of LA BAYANUS was the fastest, and the wine clear and bright, fruity and harmonious. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: The proportion was 4:1, the soluble solids were 10°Brix, initial inoculation of 3%, the sequential fermentation was carried out at 20 ℃, for 6 d. The alcohol content of wine reached 5.7%vol and the soluble solids were 6°Brix, the reducing sugar content was 2.15 g/L and the sensory score was 89.6. A total of 32 aroma substances were detected in the wine by HS-SPME-GC-MS, including ethyl acetate (17.38%), ethyl octanoate (1.74%), ethyl decanoate (2.27%), phenylethyl alcohol (28.2%), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (12.61%) and isoamyl alcohol (9.49%). This aroma components could increase the flavor of wine. The fermentation technology of wine was optimized and increase the quality. It would provide a theoretical basis for the development of fruit wine.

Abstract The self-assembly of the Nucleocapsid protein (NCAP) of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for its function. Computational analysis of the amino acid sequence of NCAP reveals low-complexity domains (LCDs) akin to LCDs in other proteins known to self-assemble as phase separation droplets and amyloid fibrils. Previous reports have described NCAP’s propensity to phase-separate. Here we show that the central LCD of NCAP is capable of both, phase separation and amyloid formation. Within this central LCD we identified three adhesive segments and determined the atomic structure of the fibrils formed by each. Those structures guided the design of G12, a peptide that interferes with the self-assembly of NCAP and demonstrates antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Our work, therefore, demonstrates the amyloid form of the central LCD of NCAP and suggests that amyloidogenic segments of NCAP could be targeted for drug development.

The first complete mitochondrial genome of the freshwater goby Rhinogobius davidi was determined by high-throughput sequencing. This genome was 16,627 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 non-coding control regions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes from R. davidi and 23 relatives suggested that R. davidi had a close mitogenome relationship with Rhinogobius giurinus. This complete genome of R. davidi will provide basal molecular data for future studies on taxonomy, comparative genomics, and adaptive evolution in Rhinogobius.

We report the complete mitochondrial genome of Rhinogobius lentiginis, which was found to be a circular molecule of 16,633 bp in length and included 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a non-coding control region. The overall base composition was 28.44% A, 26.21% T, 16.33% G, and 29.02% C. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods revealed a close genome relationship among R. lentiginis, R. niger, R. shennongensis and R. maculagenys. The complete mitogenome of R. lentiginis will provide a valuable resource for species classification and conservation.

Direct imaging and tuning of flat band localization in kagome materials remains a challenge. Here, scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy are used to study FeSn, revealing real-space localization and magnetic tuning of the flat band state within the Fe3Sn kagome lattice layer.

Here, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Rhinogobius szechuanensis using the Illumina HiSeq platform and submitted the genome to Genbank with accession number OM617727. Assembly circular mitogenome (16,492 bp) consisted of 54.4% AT content, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, an origin of light-strand replication, and a control region. Phylogenetic analysis supported that R. szechuanensis was grouped with R. rubromaculatus and clustered with other Rhinogobius species. The basal molecular data will be essential for further genetics studies such as evolution, taxonomy, DNA barcoding, and population genetics of Rhinogobius.

The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of Devario interruptus was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform and found to be 16,735 bp and included 37 genes encoding 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and two non-coding regions. The proportion of nucleotides in mitochondrial genome was T (27.9%), C (23.7%), A (33%), G (15.4%), and the deviation of AT was 60.9%. A Maximum-Likelihood phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes of D. interruptus and other 18 species of fishes. Phylogenetic analysis results supported that D. interruptus was closely related to Devario shanensis. Fundamental genetic data of D. interruptus will be essential for further genetic studies.

This study aimed to assess the outcomes of modified onlay island flap (MOIF) urethroplasty for hypospadias reoperation. A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data on children reoperated with MOIF or tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty for hypospadias in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing, China) from December 2016 to September 2020. A total of 90 children with hypospadias who failed primary repair and were reoperated on with MOIF (MOIF group, n = 46) or TIP urethroplasty (TIP group, n = 44) were recruited. All children were postoperatively followed up for at least 6 months. Six patients with postoperative urinary fistula, 2 patients with glans dehiscence, and 1 patient with urethral diverticulum were reported in the MOIF group, while 7 patients with postoperative urinary fistula, 2 patients with urethral stricture, and 1 patient with glans dehiscence were reported in the TIP group. Postoperative infection, flap necrosis and other complications were not recorded. A total of 37 (80.4%) patients in the MOIF group and 34 (77.3%) patients in the TIP group were successfully reoperated. Although the success rates of MOIF and TIP urethroplasty are comparable, pediatricians should master different types of repair techniques for individualized hypospadias reoperation. MOIF urethroplasty can be recommended after failure of the primary repair.

During the seedlings culture of sea cucumbers including Holthuria leucospilota, natural microalgae are generally used as ideal food for the pelagic larvae of sea cucumbers, which lead to a strong demand for microalgae production. However, microalgae production is time-consuming and laborious and susceptible to pests and variable whether, and unstable supply of microalgae often results in culture failure of sea cucumber larvae. In this study, we tested the effect of three different diets on the growth, survival rate, and internal microbiota composition of sea cucumbers aiming to develop an artificial diet for H. leucospilota larvae. The results showed that the sea cucumber larvae fed with the mixed artificial diet (composed of Sargassum powder, chilled macroalgae solution, wall-breaking Chlorella powder, and yeast powder) had the most balanced growth rate, highest survival rate, and a higher α-diversity and abundance of Plesiocystis, Haloferula, and Firmicutes in body when they were compared to the larvae fed with the natural bait, Chaetoceros muelleri. However, the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria, Francisella and Acinetobacter, was higher in the larvae fed with the natural bait. In conclusion, the mixed artificial diet was developed for H. leucospilota larval culture, which can be used as a good alternative to live microalga with cumbersome processes.

Abstract Accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to many neurodegenerative diseases that can be treated by lowering or removing mutant proteins. Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the intracellular accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) that can be soluble and aggregated in the central nervous system and causes neuronal damage and death. Here, an intracellular antibody (intrabody) fragment is generated that can specifically bind mHTT and link to the lysosome for degradation. It is found that delivery of this peptide by either brain injection or intravenous administration can efficiently clear the soluble and aggregated mHTT by activating the lysosomal degradation pathway, resulting in amelioration of gliosis and dyskinesia in HD knock‐in (KI‐140Q) mice. These findings suggest that the small intrabody peptide linked to lysosomes can effectively lower mutant proteins and provide a new approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the accumulation of mutant proteins.

Bisphenol A (BPA), a typical endocrine disruptor, is known to have various adverse effects on the male reproductive system. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of low-dose BPA have not yet been fully explored. In this study, male Kunming mice were orally administered low-dose BPA (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg/d) for ten consecutive weeks. Pathological sections of testicular tissue showed no significant morphological differences after BPA exposure. An analysis of the functional parameters of sperm revealed that exposure to low-dose BPA significantly decreased sperm motility, chemotaxis, and the acrosome reaction. An in vitro BPA exposure model combined with an omics data analysis showed that the olfactory receptor-related pathway was significantly enriched after BPA treatment. Subsequent experiments verified the reduced mRNA level of a novel olfactory receptor gene, Olfr25, in vivo and in vitro exposure models. Meanwhile, exposure to low-dose BPA reduced the intracellular calcium ion concentration and the mRNA levels of pore-forming subunits of the CatSper channel in sperm. Importantly, the knockdown of Olfr25 inhibited calcium ion levels and CatSper subunit expression in GC-2 cells. Olfr25 overexpression attenuated the BPA-induced downregulation of CatSper subunit expression in GC-2 cells. These findings indicate that Olfr25 might participate in low-dose BPA-induced sperm dysfunction by affecting the CatSper-Ca2+ signaling pathway. This study reveals a new mechanism underlying the effects of low-dose BPA on sperm function and provides a reference for assessing the safety of low-dose BPA exposure.

Upland cotton accounts for a high percentage (95%) of the world’s cotton production. Plant height (PH) and branch number (BN) are two important agronomic traits that have an impact on improving the level of cotton mechanical harvesting and cotton yield. In this research, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 250 lines developed from the variety CCRI70 was used for constructing a high-density genetic map and identification of quantitative trait locus (QTL). The results showed that the map harbored 8298 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, spanning a total distance of 4876.70 centimorgans (cMs). A total of 69 QTLs for PH (9 stable) and 63 for BN (11 stable) were identified and only one for PH was reported in previous studies. The QTLs for PH and BN harbored 495 and 446 genes, respectively. Combining the annotation information, expression patterns and previous studies of these genes, six genes could be considered as potential candidate genes for PH and BN. The results could be helpful for cotton researchers to better understand the genetic mechanism of PH and BN development, as well as provide valuable genetic resources for cotton breeders to manipulate cotton plant architecture to meet future demands.