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Due to the high similarity in their requirements for space and food, close bacterial relatives may be each other's strongest competitors. Close bacterial relatives often form visible boundaries to separate their swarming colonies, a phenomenon termed colony-merger incompatibility. While bacterial species are known to have many incompatible strains, it is largely unclear which traits lead to multiple incompatibilities and the interactions between multiple incompatible siblings. To investigate the competitive interactions of closely related incompatible strains, we mutated Myxococcus xanthus DK1622, a predatory bacterium with complex social behavior. From 3392 random transposon mutations, we obtained 11 self-identification (SI) deficient mutants that formed unmerged colony boundaries with the ancestral strain. The mutations were at nine loci with unknown functions and formed nine independent SI mutants. Compared with their ancestral strain, most of the SI mutants showed reduced growth, swarming and development abilities, but some remained unchanged from their monocultures. When pairwise mixed with their ancestral strain for co-cultivation, these mutants exhibited improved, reduced or unchanged competitive abilities compared with the ancestral strain. The sporulation efficiencies were affected by the DK1622 partner, ranging from almost complete inhibition to 360% stimulation. The differences in competitive growth between the SI mutants and DK1622 were highly correlated with the differences in their sporulation efficiencies. However, the competitive efficiencies of the mutants in mixture were inconsistent with their growth or sporulation abilities in monocultures. We propose that the colony-merger incompatibility in M. xanthus is associated with multiple independent genetic loci, and the incompatible strains hold competitive interaction abilities, which probably determine the complex relationships between multiple incompatible M. xanthus strains and their co-existence strategies.

In RFID multi-tag network, the image of the tag needs to be collected. Therefore, the research on the effect of LED array light source on the image capture of RFID tag is proposed. According to the optical properties of LED, the radiance illumination expression of LED array light source is deduced, and the illumination distribution of LED array is simulated. We choose the appropriate arrangement of array light sources and analyze the effect of the array on the collection of the tags. The research results show that the LED array design can effectively provide a uniform illumination of the light source. The design of LED array can obviously distinguish the tag from the background and improve the quality of the acquired RFID tag image.

The RLC circuit model, named the Lorentz model, is commonly used for resonator. But when the resonators are strongly coupled with each other, the principle of superposition does not work. Traditional Lorentz model can not describe the interaction between wave modes, and Fano's resonance model is used. The paper introduces the background for the two resonant models. And then the behaviors of a two-arm resonant model in a waveguide are simulated and measured, the results of them are basically accordance.

Additional file 7: Table S3. Primers used in this study.

The aim was to evaluate in vitro the feasibility of using three silane coupling agents/blends: (I) 1.0 vol % 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (ACPS), (II) a novel silane system: 1.0 vol % 3-acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane + 0.5 vol % bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl)-ethane (ACPS + BTSE), and (III) a novel silane system: 1.0 vol % 3-acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane + 0.5 vol % bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine (ACPS + BTMA), as adhesion promoters on the repair of dental silver amalgam with a resin composite with respect to various artificial ageing conditions. Two hundred and forty flowable composite resin stubs were bonded to freshly prepared dental silver amalgam discs. The discs were silica-coated and silanized with the 3 silanes. Another 20 resin stubs were bonded to the amalgam surface without any silica-coating or treated with silica-coating only. Then, the specimens were randomly distributed into 8 sub-groups for initial (control), thermal cycling (1000, 3000 and 6000) and DI water storage (1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months). Shear bond strength (SBS) test was measured using a universal testing machine with a 1 mm/min cross-head speed. Failure modes were classified and SEM images were obtained. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect statistical differences. The initial SBS of the control groups were (Mean/SD) 20.2 ± 3.3 MPa for ACPS only, 16.6 ± 3.9 MPa for ACPS + BTMA, and 19.5 ± 3.3 MPa for ACPS + BTSE. A decreasing trend of SBS was observed by using the current artificial ageing methods, and ACPS and ACPS + BTSE produced statistically higher bond strengths compared to ACPS + BTMA under thermal cycling (p

During plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings, evaporation of the YSZ powder is essential, but quite difficult when using a commercial

Due to the high similarity in their requirements for space and food, close bacterial relatives may be each other's strongest competitors. Close bacterial relatives often form visible boundaries to separate their swarming colonies, a phenomenon termed colony-merger incompatibility. While bacterial species are known to have many incompatible strains, it is largely unclear which traits lead to multiple incompatibilities and the interactions between multiple incompatible siblings. To investigate the competitive interactions of closely related incompatible strains, we mutated

With the aging rate picking up speed, demand for social care services rising, pension and real estate gradually become an important form for solving the pension problem. But pension real estate is a combination of old-age pension services and real estate, which combines both the advantages of real estate and pension services, with strong composite capability and quite wider scale. And therefore, it is facing great difficulties and challenges on the operational financing. Based on the specific attributes of pension real estate, pointing out the necessity for PPP model applied on the pension real estate projects at present. First, using SWOT to decompose pension estate PPP mode encountered the internal strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and potential threats. Then use AHP (analytic hierarchy process) to quantify the results of the survey, and advising to select much more good Pension PPP model for real estate projects, let real estate projects in PPP mode to make pension application decisions more scientific and targeted.

nbsp nbsp Background It is still difficult to perform pedicle screw insertion on patients with abnormal spine morphology There is an urgent need to provide projection fluoroscopy images to surgeons to practice pedicle screw insertion nbsp nbsp Methods The simulation software uses a volume rendering algorithm to generate a three dimensional spine and it uses a digitally reconstructed radiograph algorithm to simulate anteroposterior and lateral radiographs as the intraoperative image for minimally invasive surgery nbsp nbsp Results Pedicle screw insertion can be accomplished using a bone drill and multidimensional pedicle screws and can be exhibited or evaluated in both two and three dimensions Simultaneously advanced expert preoperative planning can be shown in system nbsp nbsp Conclusion A simulator that develops a three dimensional patient specific volume rendered simulation combined with the projection fluoroscopy for pedicle screw insertion is introduced The simulator can help the surgeon to plan the operation trajectory and can help to predict the complex situation of the operation

One of the important advantages of RFID technology is to identify multiple targets at the same time. However, in order to identify multi-object at the same time, it is necessary to solve the problem of improving the performance of tag reading. Among the factors affecting the performance of tag identification, the geometric distribution of multi-tag is the key one. With the advantage of GA-BP neural network in optimization analysis, we do some researches about the impacts of the multi-tag's geometric distribution to the performance of reader. By training a large number of dynamic test data under the gate entrance environment, optimal RFID tag geometric distribution can be predicted by GA-BP neural network under the maximum or minimum reading distance. Furthermore, the dynamic reading performance of multi-tag system could be effectively improved.

The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between KCNJ11 gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in elderly patients. From January 2014 to January 2015, 54 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in this study as the observation group. During the same period, 46 healthy elderly individuals were enrolled in this study as the control group. KCNJ11 gene polymorphism (rs28502) was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The expression levels of mRNA in different genotypes were detected using FQ-PCR. ELISA was used to evaluate the KCNJ11 protein expression in different genotypes. KCNJ11 gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome was studied by measuring the blood pressure levels in patients with different genotypes. Three genotypes of KCNJ11 gene in rs28502 were CC, CT and TT. The CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies in healthy population were 8.5, 9.2 and 82.2%, respectively, while the genotype frequencies in patients with metabolic syndrome were 42.4, 49.8 and 7.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups (P≤0.05). However, the genotype frequencies of C/T in healthy individuals and metabolic syndrome patients were 35.3 and 38.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). FQ-PCR results showed that the KCNJ11 mRNA expression levels in the control and observation groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). However, the results obtained from ELISA analysis revealed that KCNJ11 protein expression level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P

Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu) have been used in graded density impactors. Al-Cu composites with different compositions have been prepared by hot pressing sintering. Intermetallic compounds were produced when the temperature was above 723 K, while they can’t be found at the temperature of 723 K. The relative density of Al-Cu composites from pure Al to pure Cu consolidated at 723K all exceeded 98.5%. The optimum sintering conditions were then determined to sintering temperature of 723 K, uniaxial pressure of 100 MPa, and duration time of 2 h. Al and Cu were mixed homogeneously and well compacted, and no obvious pores were found. The thickness of diffusion layer between Al and Cu was very thin, only about 0.6 μm. The wave impedance values increased almost linearly from 16.98×106to 40.66×106kg/m2·s with increasing Cu content in Al-Cu composite from 0 to 100 vol.%, which was well consistence with the values calculated according to the rule of mixtures. The elastic modulus of different compositions matched well with the theoretical model of Voigt and Reuss. Highly densified Al-Cu composites without intermetallic compounds were successfully prepared using hot-pressure sintering, which was the basis of fabricating Al-Cu system graded density impactors.

Three-phase rectifier voltage often use software phase-locked loop, input voltage is appropriate. However, the software phase-locked loop had previously most locks can only perform accurate voltage in order that agreement cannot be done accurately lock in reverse order (lost key). To overcome this drawback in this article combines the principle of phase locked loop voltage argued upon, examined the nature of change of voltage vector angle reverse order, analyze the causes loss of lock reverse order part of a program to design self-adaptive phase locked loop can be done in the correct key sequence voltage and voltage upon reverse order. Also in this article also offer solutions using fractional integrated controller PIX to improve software self-adaptive phase locked loop instead of using the traditional PI controller as the software was designed before. Experimental results have demonstrated the method using fractional controllers to improve software PI phase locked loop three-phase self-adaptive software makes the phase locked loop to work more flexible, done properly locked voltage law in order upon agreement or otherwise. Carry extra one further step, analysis and experiments demonstrated using software adapts phase locked loop can make PWM (pulses width modulation) rectifiers work without influenced by the phase sequence of input voltage.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the combination of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and ¹¹C-methionine positron emission tomography (¹¹C-MET PET) could increase accurate diagnostic sensitivity for non-enhancing supratentorial gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between February 2012 and December 2017, 109 patients with non-enhanced supratentorial lesions on contrast-enhanced MRI were enrolled. Each patient underwent MRS and ¹¹C-MET PET before treatment. A lesion was considered to be a glioma when either the MRS or ¹¹C-MET PET results reached the diagnostic threshold. The radiological diagnosis was compared with the pathological diagnosis or medical diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity were 60.0% and 50.0% for MRS and 75.8% and 50.0% for ¹¹C-MET PET, respectively. Upon combining the two modalities, the sensitivity and specificity of the imaging-based diagnosis prior to surgery reached 89.5% and 42.9%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the sensitivities were observed between the combined and individual approaches (MRS alone, 89.5% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001; ¹¹C-MET PET alone, 89.5% vs. 75.8%, p = 0.001). However, no significant differences in specificity were observed between the combined and individual modalities. CONCLUSION The combination of MRS and ¹¹C-MET PET findings significantly increases accurate diagnostic sensitivity for non-enhancing supratentorial gliomas without significantly lowering the specificity. This finding suggests the potential of the combined MRS and ¹¹C-MET PET approach in clinical applications.

The article mainly introduces the design and application of a small power brushless DC motor drive control system circuit, describes the special control function of the gate circuit chip, gives a typical application circuit, and explains.

An effective resolving agent, (D)-dibenzoyl tartaric acid (2b), was screened to yield direct resolution of (S)- ethyl nipecotate (1) with high optical purity and yield. Molecular recognition was studied by 1H NMR, IR, DSC and single crystal diffraction of the pair of diastereomeric salts. The less-soluble salt formed a supra molecular structure by enantio differentiating self-assembly.

The optically pure ethyl nipecotate is an important drug intermediates. It was used for a variety of synthesis of APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. In this paper we launched a study of the split of ethyl nipecotate. An efficient resolution of (±)-nipecotic acid has been achieved by the fractional crystallization with good yield and high enatio. The compound (S)-ethyl-1-(2-thiopheneacetyl)-3-piperidine-carboxylate is an investigational immune potentiating agent targeting direct stimulation of immune cells, useful for the prevention of infectious diseases in livestock.

Monomers based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole bearing solubilizing side chains have been synthesized in high yields over four steps from readily available starting materials. A multistep synthesis of the electron-poor 5,6-bis (heptyloxy) benzo [[1,2,thiadiazole are presented. The new deficient acceptor has good solubility in organic solvents to permit an appropriate coating process.

To realize the target of having a precise feature size measurement of multihole sheet metal part, this paper based on HALCON, first calibrates the camera with HALCON's calibration assistant. After acquiring the image of the multihole sheet metal part, the image coordinates of the center of fitting ellipse and the length of the long and short half shaft (pixel unit) can be gotten by proceeding a series of operations like thresholding, subpixel-precise contour extraction, fitting ellipses and so on. At last, the point coordinates in image are transformed into the plane Z=0 of the world coordinate system through translation and rotation, and the value of each feature size of the sheet metal part can be calculated.

This paper utilized an intelligent vehicle model for the “Freescale” Cup National College Students' Intelligent Vehicle competition as the main study object. Under the prerequisite of adopting the same control procedures and algorithms, the mechanical structures and its parameters of the model vehicle which influence the running performance, such as front wheel alignment, steering mechanism and rear wheel deceleration mechanism are optimally designed and adjusted .It has been proved that the scheme induced the model vehicle driving fast and stable on the path-complex track and thus to achieve reasonable effects.

Such as the canonical equation of force method’s free terms and coefficients are different from the primary structures, can obtain by the internal forces of the primary structure. This paper demonstrates the correctness and rationality, as well as the applicable range from theory.And the creation of a new method to solve statically indeterminate structure, said this method is the multiple primary structure of force method.

Heterocyclic oligomer based on BBT bearing solubilizing side chains have been synthesized in high yields over six steps from readily available starting materials. This approach offers a much milder, shorter, and more efficient route to BBT derivatives than current methods. This unit can then be used in the synthesis of low bandgap materials via palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Heterocyclic monomer based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole bearing solubilizing side chains have been synthesized in high yields over three steps from readily available starting materials. The alkyl side chain in the 4-position of both thiophene rings gives the material mononer a good solubility.

Objectives: This study aimed to review etiological and epidemiological data for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases that occurred between 2008 and 2010 in Guangzhou City, to help develop and implement precautionary measures applicable for future outbreaks. Methods: The characteristics of 4,753 HFMD episodes were retrospectively reviewed in 4,636 patients reported between 2008 and 2010 by the Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital, which is the national enterovirus monitoring agent and the designated hospital in China for treating severe HFMD. Results: Out of 4,753 incident episodes reviewed, 525 patients were hospitalized; 60% were males. Most patients (93.8%) were children under 5 years old, with a median age at onset of 2.4 years. HFMD incidence peaked in April/May and September/October. From the total, 1,067 (22.4%) infections were positive for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71), 1,094 (23.0%) were positive for coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), and 941 (19.8%) were positive for other common enteroviruses. In contrast, 1,666 (35.0%) cases were negative to HEV71, CA16, and other common enteroviruses. Cross-correlation coefficients demonstrated associations between the number of cases, seasonal temperatures, and humidity. Among hospitalized cases, HEV71 was positive in 261 (24.5%), and 42 (3.9%) critical cases were positive for HEV71. Conclusion: Seasonal fluctuations and HEV71 and CA16 were the two key factors influencing the Guangzhou HFMD epidemic. The infection predominantly affected children younger than 5 years old. Keywords: Epidemic, Hand, foot and mouth disease, Coxsackie virus A16, Human enterovirus 71

Heterocyclic monomers based on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole bearing solubilizing side chains have been synthesized in high yields over four steps from readily available starting materials. The new dificient acceptor has good solubility in organic aolvents to permit an appropriate coating process. Two soluble donor-acceptor π-conjugated oligomers comprising electron-rich thiophenes the electron-deficient EDOBT have been carefully investigated.

The analysis rule of geometry composition analysis in building structure must rely on geometry theory, while the traditional Euclidean geometry theory can not solve some building structures problems of the geometry components. This problem can be solved in the use of projective geometry theory. In this paper we introduce the proof of projective geometry in the geometry composition analysis and we discuss the application of this theory.

According to the force method of solving of statically indeterminate structure is requirements of the primary structure, the primary structure can be a statically determinate structure also be a statically indeterminate structure. The higher degrees statically indeterminate problems, broken down into multi-layer lower degrees statically indeterminate problems, successive to solve, so time after time using lower degrees or even one degree force method typical equation, the less the solution or do not need to solve simultaneous equations, and solving the higher degrees statically indeterminate structure. On this basis, it can easily statically indeterminate structure with other solution methods in combination, to improve operational efficiency.

In order to accurately estimate the anti-penetration capacity of yaw-inducing bursting layer with irregular barriers on surface impacted by projectile, the theoretical model of attack angle and angular velocity for projectile impacting on irregular barrier was achieved according to the macroscopic relation of contact force versus contact time, in which the main factors such as the relative geometrical characteristics of projectile and irregular barrier, material property and impact velocity of projectile influencing on yaw-inducing effectiveness were considered. On the basis of considering synthetically the influences of attack angle, impact velocity, impact angle of projectile and uncontrolled free surface of target, the theoretical formulation of penetration depth for bursting layer with irregular barriers on surface impacted by projectile was presented by expressing the stress of an optional point on the nose of projectile according to the relation of stress versus velocity. The theoretical results indicate that in the case of oblique impact embodying effect of attack angle, the penetration depth is reduced with the increase of impact angle, attack angle or angular velocity, and penetration trajectory is also deflected obviously. The effectiveness of angular velocity influencing on penetration depth is increased with impact velocity increasing. The theoretical results are in good agreement with test data for low impact velocity.