Search

After consideration of a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, this paper uses a two-stage Stackelberg game to explore the production decision as well as the government cap setting with wholesale price and revenue sharing contracts under cap-and-trade regulation. We also compare the total carbon emission and social welfare with the two contracts. We list some main conclusions. Firstly, we find that the government's over-allocated carbon credits may damage the manufacturer's profit with wholesale price or revenue sharing contract, which can increase the difficulty of implementing cap-and-trade regulation. Secondly, we detect that the optimal cap under the two contracts is decreasing or constant in the environmental concern parameter, which means that the government should keep the optimal cap unchanged under the low or high environmental concern parameter, and decrease the cap when the middle environmental concern parameter increases. Thirdly, we show that using green technology may increase the total carbon emission. Finally, we discover that the social welfare with wholesale price contract is less (larger) than that with revenue sharing contract under low (high) value of the environmental concern parameter, and the social welfare with the two contracts is equal to each other under middle value of the environmental concern parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystallization process in small droplet possessed wide engineering applications in micromaterial fabrication and fine crystal screening. Herein, hydrophilic sessile platform via 3D printing technology was developed to facilely construct the interfacial confined droplets (ICDs) with a designed contact angle by conveniently regulating the droplet volume. The micro‐flows inside the droplet were adjusted by controlling the intensity of Marangoni flow and capillary flow within different droplet shapes (i.e., contact angle), which were verified by experimental and simulative results. Especially for the 120° ICD, the micro‐flows, achieved by the coordination of Marangoni flow and capillary flow, could convey solutes toward droplet center and harvest a standard cubic crystal at sessile platform center. These results indicated that ICD and sessile platform possessed great potential on high‐quality crystal screening and crystallization technique development, which additionally enriched the research strategy on crystal engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with increased urinary albumin creatinine ratio (uACR) have higher risk of mortality, while it is unclear in DM patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: We analysed 2832 DM patients with ASCVD in this multi-center registry cohort study Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt II (CIN-II) in 5 Chinese tertiary hospitals from 2007 to 2020. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their uACR level (normal group: uACR < 30mg/g, moderately increased group: 30mg/g≤ uACR < 300mg/g, severely increased group: 300mg/g≤ uACR). The main outcome of the study was cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Results: During a median follow-up of 2.1 years, among 2832 patients (mean age: 63.3 ± 9.9 years, 29.1% women), 434 patients (15.3%) had moderately increased uACR, and 203 patients (7.2%) had severely increased uACR. Compared to patients in normal group, patients had higher cardiovascular mortality in moderately increased group and severely increased group (2.5% vs 9.9% vs 16.7%, P < 0.001), as well as all-cause mortality. After adjusting confounders, the risk of cardiovascular mortality remained higher in moderately increased group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04– 4.81) and severely increased group (aHR: 4.54; 95% CI: 2.58– 8.01) than in normal group, as well as all-cause mortality. Conclusion: In our study, we found nearly a quarter of DM patients with ASCVD had increased uACR, and they have over 2- or 3-fold risk of cardiovascular mortality than those with normal uACR. UACR is a helpful indicator for risk stratification and treatment target for DM patients with ASCVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted and high throughput manufacture of crystalline biominerals with diverse morphologies is of importance, due to the significant impact of shape and texture on the material properties, while tunable morphosynthesis of crystalline is restrained by the proper ion transfer process during the reactive crystallization, and is commonly regulated using organic soluble additives. Herein, Janus membranes (JMs) are facilely produced for the continuous confined reactive crystallization of calcium carbonate. Fabricated JM simultaneously achieves rapid and uniform directional CO32− ions transfer in the aqueous solution through the straight, uniform nanoscale hydrophilic channels, and the interfacial reactive crystallization is generated with confined ion adsorption and gating effect at the hydrophobic side. Hollow CaCO3 microcomposites via JM system are continuously and directly synthesized in the aqueous system without any assisted organic solvent or polymer additive, which is green and highly efficient. In addition, the reversed ion transfer direction in JM can be ideally managed resulting in highly selective manufacturing of cube or sphere‐type microcomposites. This study provides a feasible route for the rapid production of advanced particle materials with tunable morphology, displaying great potential applications of JM in material engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose a backstepping (BS)-based direct power control (DPC) strategy for the dual-cage rotor brushless doubly fed induction generator (DCR-BDFIG). The relationship between the power winding (PW) output power and the control winding (CW) voltage is derived according to the complete mathematical model of DCR-BDFIG. Based on that, a BS-based DPC controller, also known as a nonlinear controller, is designed with the global asymptotic stability analyzed for the grid-connected DCR-BDFIG. Compared with the dual-closed-loop control in the advanced vector control method, only single-closed-loop is required for the PW power in the proposed BS-based control scheme, and thus it has more simple structure and faster responses. The global stability of the proposed control scheme can be easily guaranteed with a Lyapunov function properly selected. In addition, in order to improve the performance of the proposed BS-based DPC strategy under unbalanced network, the resonant controller is introduced to suppress the oscillating components in the PW power, PW current, and CW current, whose harmonic order is twice of the grid frequency referring to the synchronous reference frame. Finally, the detailed experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]