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Objective To develop and conduct an initial validation of the Damage Index for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD DI).Methods A draft of index items for assessing organ damages in patients with IgG4-RD was generated by experts from the Chinese IgG4-RD Consortium (CIC). The preliminary DI was refined using the Delphi method, and a final version was generated by consensus. 40 IgG4-RD cases representing four types of clinical scenarios were then selected, each with two time points of assessment for at least 3 years of follow-up. 48 rheumatologists from 35 hospitals nationwide were invited to evaluate organ damage using the CIC IgG4-RD DI. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Kendall-W coefficient of concordance (KW) were used to assess the inter-rater reliability. The criterion validity of IgG4-RD DI was tested by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of raters.Results IgG4-RD DI is a cumulative index consisting of 14 domains of organ systems, including a total of 39 items. The IgG4-RD DI was capable of distinguishing stable and increased damage across the active disease subgroup and stable disease subgroup. In terms of scores at baseline and later observations by all raters, overall consistency in scores at baseline and later observations by all raters was satisfactory. ICC at the two time points was 0.69 and 0.70, and the KW was 0.74 and 0.73, respectively. In subgroup analysis, ICC and KW in all subgroups were over 0.55 and 0.61, respectively. The analysis of criterion validity showed a good performance with a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.88), a specificity of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.82) and an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.91).Conclusion The IgG4-RD DI is a useful approach to analyse disease outcomes, and it has good operability and credibility. It is anticipated that the DI will become a useful tool for therapeutic trials and studies of prognosis in patients with IgG4-RD.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is created in the context of the full development and progress of contemporary science and technology, aiming to help people make the best choice, drive the best vehicle, and control the best road network traffic. Intelligent vehicle positioning and navigation system is a high-tech integrated system that applies automatic vehicle positioning technology, geographic information system and database technology, computer technology, multimedia technology, and modern communication technology. In this paper, based on the research of GPS and GIS technology, by analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different optimal path planning algorithms, we propose to optimize the A* algorithm by using the minimum heap sorting method for nodes and combining the twoway search and hierarchical search strategies to complete the improvement of the A* algorithm. The experimental results show that the path search speed of the improved algorithm has been significantly improved and the path design optimization is obvious. The improvement algorithm proposed in this paper is feasible and reasonable, which is good for upgrading the in-vehicle navigation system and relieving urban traffic congestion.

This study explores the key technologies for the preparation of fully recycled concrete kerbstone (RCK) and its frost resistance. It explores the physicochemical properties of recycled micropowder (RMP) and recycled aggregate (RA), and reveals the secondary hydration mechanism of RMP, thus providing new theoretical support for the global utilization of waste concrete resources. The optimal mix ratio for RCK were determined based on the changes in material properties and freezing resistance with varying dosages of RMP and RA. This study fills the current technological gap in the field of fully RCK internationally, and based on the principle of interfacial effects, the study reveals the interfacial morphological characteristics of RCK. The research results show that the physicochemical properties of RA meet the requirements of the Chinese standards ''Recycled coarse aggregates for concrete'' (GB/T25177–2010) and ''Recycled fine aggregate for concrete and mortar'' (GB/T25176–2010), while the pozzolanic activity of recycled micro-powder reaches 65.2 %, exhibiting significant secondary hydration reactivity. The optimized fully RCK demonstrate excellent compressive strength and frost resistance, meeting the relevant requirements of the ''Concrete kerbs'' (JC/T899–2016) and ''Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete'' (BT 50082–2009). There are three kinds of interfacial transition zones in RCK. These zones reduce interface connectivity and weaken RCK's resistance to external moisture, chemicals, and other erosive factors. Moreover, the research through carbon emission analysis indicates that this technology can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 99 %, offering considerable environmental benefits. By combining Citespace visualization analysis, this study proposes a key technological system for the preparation of fully RCK. This study contributes to the international development of waste concrete resource utilization and offers a new pathway with ecological, environmental, and socio-economic implications.