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Author(s): Ke Ding [sup.1] [sup.2], Qunlin Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Wenjing Yang [sup.1] [sup.2], Xi Wang [sup.1] [sup.2], Dong Yang [sup.1] [sup.2], Cody Ding [sup.1] [sup.4], Jiang Qiu [sup.1] [sup.2] [...], Prior studies have illustrated that a superior memory exists for self-access ideas compared with comprehension in close-ended problems. For example, an aha! experience followed by sudden solutions for insight problems can enhance the later long-term memory for such solutions. However, whether there is a superior memory of ideas generated in open-ended creative problems, such as the alternative uses task (AUT), is unknown. Here, we performed two studies through four experiments to investigate the superior memory in the AUT and assessed the relationship between factors related to ideas (i.e., the aha! experience, emotional feeling, subjective novelty, and source) and the recognition accuracy of ideas. By manipulating the number of generated ideas, the study examined whether the effect could be observed in the single-idea (Experiments 1 and 2) and multi-idea (Experiments 3 and 4) versions of the AUT. Study 1 showed that subjective novelty positively predicted the recognition likelihood of ideas, but the aha! experience and emotional feeling were non-significant factors (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated the subjective novelty effect for recognition and found that it was not influenced by the source (old vs. new) of ideas. Study 2 showed that the subjective novelty could predict the recall likelihood (Experiment 3) and discriminative accuracy of ideas (Experiment 4). Taken together, these findings indicate that the subjective novelty of ideas during divergent thinking can benefit long-term memory formation and suggest that the process of acquiring new concepts during creative thinking may be dependent on schema consistency.

Mn-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite magic sized clusters (PMSCs) are synthesized for the first time using benzoic acid and benzylamine as passivating ligands and MnCl2·4H2O and MnBr2 as the Mn2+ dopant sources at room temperature. The same approach is used to prepare Mn-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). The concentration of MnX2 (X = Cl or Br) affects the excitonic absorption of the PMSCs and PQDs. A higher concentration of MnX2 favors PMSCs over PQDs as well as higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) and PL stability. The large ratio between the characteristic Mn emission (∼590 nm) and the host band-edge emission shows efficient energy transfer from the host exciton to the Mn2+ dopant. PL excitation, electron paramagnetic resonance, and time-resolved PL results all support Mn2+ doping in CsPbBr3, which likely replaces Pb2+ ions. This study establishes a new method for synthesizing Mn-doped PMSCs with good PL stability, high PLQY and highly effective passivation.

Background and purpose: Invasive breast carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Tumor xenobiotics change the tumor microenvironment and participate in the regulation of tumor occurrence, development and metastasis, which provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. DZNep can target and regulate the degradation of H3K27me3 histone methyltransferase and specifically induce tumor cell apoptosis, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and migration in a variety of tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of DZNep on invasive breast carcinoma exosomes and observed its effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells by regulating intercellular junctions. Methods: EZH2 expression in invasive breast carcinoma was analyzed using the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the online analysis software GEPIA2, and the Tumor Immunity Estimation Resources (TIMER) was used to analyze the relationship between EZH2 and the expressions of tumor microenvironment cytokines and EMT-related proteins. Intervention of invasive breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 with DZNep and extraction of exosomes using differential ultracentrifugation were performed. Exosome membrane-bound protein expression was identified by detecting the expressions of CD9, CD63 and TSG101 using Western blot. The Brownian motion of exosomes was tracked and analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) technique, and the hydrodynamic diameter and concentration of exosome particles were calculated in combination with the Stokes-Einstein equation. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the size and shape of exosomes was carried out. The above methods were used to explore the changes of exogenous exosomes in breast cancer induced by DZNep. In addition, Western blot was used to detect the expressions of EZH2, intercellular junction proteins such as occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), laminin, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), connexin 43, claudin5 and collagen Ⅵ, and EMT-related proteins such as E-cadherin and vimentin, respectively, to analyze the regulatory mechanism of DZNep on the tumor microenvironment.Results: EZH2 expression was higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissues. High EZH2 expression was positively correlated with the upregulation of both invasive breast carcinoma immune cells and stromal cells in Luminal A, positively correlated with E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in invasive breast carcinoma, positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and negatively correlated with N-cadherin expression in BRCA-Luminal B, and positively correlated with N-cadherin and vimentin expressions in BRCA-Luminal A (P