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10 nm thick yttrium doped HfO2 (Y:HfO2) thin films are prepared on Si (100) substrates by the chemical solution deposition method using all‐inorganic aqueous salt precursors. The influence of the annealing process, consisting of annealing temperature, holding time, and heating rate, on the crystalline structure and ferroelectric properties of thin films is investigated. Results show that the crystalline structure and ferroelectric properties of films exhibit a strong annealing process dependence. The monoclinic phase and asymmetric orthorhombic phase coexist in the films. The annealing process of the best ferroelectric behavior is obtained by using annealing temperature at 700 °C for 30 s with a heating rate of 30 °C s−1 in N2 atmosphere. The film exhibits lowest m‐phase fraction of 17.9%, accompanied with the highest remanent polarization of 21.4 µC cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nixu landslide is located in the middle of the Yadong--Gulu Rift Valley in southern Tibet. The accumulation of Nixu landslide is the landform of the flat river valley. It is a typical "flat" rocky long-runout landslide developed in the back-land of the Qinghai--Tibet Plateau. The landslide accumulation area has a complete accumulation structure and typical debris flow patterns. The investigation and research on Nixu landslide will help to reveal the mechanism of movement and accumulation differentiation of this type of "flat" high-speed debris flow. A detailed ground survey of the Nixu landslide and its components in the accumulation area was carried out, combined with geophysical methods to reveal the failure characteristics of the sliding surface at the bottom of the source area as well as the mechanism of the formation of the landslide.The high resolution remote sensing interpretation and particle test were used to reveal the spatial distribution rules of various stacked structures. According to the research of the evolution of the debris flow accumulation structure and spatial morphology of Nixu landslide, it is proposed that the formation and evolution of "flat" high-speed debris flow can be divided into three sections: Structure fragmentation in the slope section of the source area, the material structure debrisification in the sliding zone, and the debris flow fluidization movement and accumulation in the leading edge. The structure of the corresponding sliding mass had the characteristics of step development of fragmentation-debrisification-fluidization. In the sliding zone and leading edge, the high-speed sliding mass movement was affected by the friction of the base, and a horizontal layered shear fracture surface could be generated inside, so that the debris flow continued to move and expand longitudinally under the "dilution effect". The process of debris flow at the bottom transition from "dry" high-speed fluidization to solid and still was extremely rapid, and thus it maintained the accumulation morphology under the special fluid properties such as continuously distributed ridge and trunking. According to the research, it was proposed that the disintegration and destruction of Nixu landslide after earthquake were controlled by the slope of the source area, and they slided from front to back in sequence, controlled by their own potential energy conditions. The sliding body from the source area was stacked in the front edge accumulation area from left to right. It was the main reason for the deflection of the stacking plane to the downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The IGF-CTP score was a modified version of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score. • The IGF-CTP score was higher in non-surviving patients. • The IGF-CTP score offers accurate prediction of 1-year mortality. Previous studies have used a modified version of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score to include insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations, denoted the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1-Child-Turcotte-Pugh (IGF-CTP) system. We evaluated the predictive power of IGF-CTP for 1-year mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). A total of 386 patients with DC were retrospectively analyzed. Comparison of distribution of patients with decompensated cirrhosis according to Insulin-like Growth Factor-1-Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores were performed. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for IGF-CTP, CTP and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were evaluated to compare predictive value. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to determine potential risk factors for 1-y mortality. During the 1-y follow-up, 94 patients died. Significantly more patients (both surviving and non-surviving) were classified as IGF-CTP stage C than CTP stage C. The AUROC of IGF-CTP was significantly higher than that of CTP and MELD in the training and validation cohorts. Multivariate analysis indicated IGF-CTP score and IGF-1 to be independently associated with mortality. The IGF-CTP score is independently associated with mortality for patients with DC, and offers more accurate prediction of 1-y mortality than either CTP or MELD score for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since 2020, China has implemented an innovative payment method called Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) in 71 cities nationwide. This study aims to assess the impact of DIP on medical expenditure, efficiency, and quality for inpatients covered by the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and Urban and Rural Residents Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI). It seeks to explore whether there are differences in these effects among inpatients of the two insurance types, thereby further understanding its implications for health equity. Materials and methods: We conducted interrupted time series analyses on outcome variables reflecting medical expenditure, efficiency, and quality for both UEBMI and URRBMI inpatients, based on a dataset comprising 621,125 inpatient reimbursement records spanning from June 2019 to June 2023 in City A. This dataset included 110,656 records for UEBMI inpatients and 510,469 records for URRBMI inpatients. Results: After the reform, the average expenditure per hospital admission for UEBMI inpatients did not significantly differ but continued to follow an upward pattern. In contrast, for URRBMI inpatients, the trend shifted from increasing before the reform to decreasing after the reform, with a decline of 0.5%. The average length of stay for UEBMI showed no significant changes after the reform, whereas there was a noticeable downward trend in the average length of stay for URRBMI. The out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) per hospital admission, 7-day all-cause readmission rate and 30-day all-cause readmission rate for both UEBMI and URRBMI inpatients showed a downward trend after the reform. Conclusion: The DIP reform implemented different upper limits on budgets based on the type of medical insurance, leading to varying post-treatment prices for UEBMI and URRBMI inpatients within the same DIP group. After the DIP reform, the average expenditure per hospital admission and the average length of stay remained unchanged for UEBMI inpatients, whereas URRBMI inpatients experienced a decrease. This trend has sparked concerns about hospitals potentially favoring UEBMI inpatients. Encouragingly, both UEBMI and URRBMI inpatients have seen positive outcomes in terms of alleviating patient financial burdens and enhancing the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a graph G and an edge $ e\in E(G) $ e ∈ E (G) , let S be a vertex set of G. For any two vertices x, $ y\in S $ y ∈ S , if e belongs to all the shortest paths between x and y, then x and y can monitor the edge e. For each edge e of G, if there exists x and y in S such that x and y can monitor e, then the set S can be called a monitoring-edge-geodetic ( $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG for short) set of G. The $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG number, denoted by $ \operatorname {meg}(G) $ meg ⁡ (G) , is the size of the smallest $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG set of G. In this paper, we obtain the exact values of the $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG numbers for radix triangular mesh networks, Sierpiński graphs, Sierpiński gasket graphs and Sierpiński generalized graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Push-out tests were designed and carried out on PECC with different positions of shear studs. • A unilateral push-out method was used to investigate the case of different sides of web. • The position of studs is a considerable parameter for the shear performance. • A calculation model of the stud shear stiffness with clear physical meaning in PECC was proposed. Push-out tests were designed and carried out on partially encased composite columns (PECC) with different positions of shear studs. A unilateral push-out method was used to investigate the situation when the two sides of the web were arranged differently. The effect of the stud height, stud spacing, stud diameter, stud position, and concrete strength on the shear performance of PECC was evaluated. Test results illustrated that the position of studs is a considerable parameter for the shear performance; Compared with the concrete strength, the diameter of studs had a significant influence on the shear performance of PECC; The shear stiffness and strength decreased with the stud spacing decreased. A calculation model of the stud shear stiffness with clear physical meaning in PECC was proposed. The proposed model indicated that the shear stiffness was not only supported by the concrete elastic modulus and the stud diameter but also affected by the stud height. The calculated results were in line with the experimental results. In addition, a calculation model of the shear strength of PECC was also proposed. The model considered the influence of friction and welded collar. The analytical method exhibited in this paper could be employed to forecast the shear strength of PECC precisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China initiated the Medical Alliances (MAs) reform to enhance resource allocation efficiency and ensure equitable healthcare. In response to challenges posed by the predominance of public hospitals, the reform explores public-private partnerships within the MAs. Notably, private hospitals can now participate as either leading or member institutions. This study aims to evaluate the dynamic shifts in market share between public and private hospitals across diverse MAs models. Methods: Data spanning April 2017 to March 2019 for Dangyang County's MA and January 2018 to December 2019 for Qianjiang County's MA were analyzed. Interrupted periods occurred in April 2018 and January 2019. Using independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and interrupted time series analysis (ITSA), we compared the proportion of hospital revenue, the proportion of visits for treatment, and the average hospitalization days of discharged patients between leading public hospitals and leading private hospitals, as well as between member public hospitals and member private hospitals before and after the reform. Results: After the MAs reform, the revenue proportion decreased for leading public and private hospitals, while member hospitals saw an increase. However, ITSA revealed a notable rise trend in revenue proportion for leading private hospitals (p < 0.001), with a slope of 0.279% per month. Member public and private hospitals experienced decreasing revenue proportions, with outpatient visits proportions declining in member public hospitals by 0.089% per month (p < 0.05) and inpatient admissions proportions dropping in member private hospitals by 0.752% per month (p < 0.001). The average length of stay in member private hospitals increased by 0.321 days per month after the reform (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study underscores the imperative to reinforce oversight and constraints on leading hospitals, especially private leading hospitals, to curb the trend of diverting patients from member hospitals. At the same time, for private hospitals that are at a disadvantage in competition and may lead to unreasonable prolongation of hospital stay, this kind of behavior can be avoided by strengthening supervision or granting leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]