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To investigate the efficiency of multi-round fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and its influencing factors in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).A total of 48 couples accepted PGD because of various reasons: 24 with Robertsonian translocations, 16 with reciprocal translocations, 2 with pericentric inversions, one with advanced maternal age who had a previous liveborn of Down syndrome, 3 suffered from sex chromosome abnormalities and 2 repeated spontaneous miscarriages. After 72 retrieval cycles, 432 cleavage stage embryos with more than six cells were biopsied on day three. Only intact nuclei (396) were hybridized in order to verify the chromosomal status of the individual embryos. If previous FISH has failed to give conclusive results while the nuclei remained undamaged, the nuclei were hybridized once again. A total of 870 times of hybridization were conducted to 396 nuclei. Signal identification rates of each round as well as the influence of different probes to the hybridization efficiency were compared. Factors leading to inconclusive FISH results were analyzed as well.Five hundred and thirty five out of 870 hybridizations gave identifiable signals (61.5%). The second and third round FISH showed the best signals with an identification rate of 71.8% and 77.4%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the first round (52.8%, P0.01), the fourth round (55.8%, P0.05, P0.01), the fifth round (54.5%, P0.05) and the sixth round (27.3%, P0.01). The identification rate of centromere specific probe signals (CEP group) was 80.3% and the former three rounds in this group got the best quality of signals with an identification rate of 85.7%, 85.1% and 88.0%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the latter three rounds. The identification rate of other probe was much lower than with the CEP probe (55.2% vs. 80.3%, P0.01) and the best quality of signal in this group was achieved in the fifth round (72.7%), followed by the second round (66.1%) and the third round (63.8%). The identification rate of the first round (50.3%) and the sixth round (22.2%) were significantly lower compared with the second round (P0.01). During the 6 rounds of FISH, 335 hybridizations did not give conclusion results (38.5%, 335/870). The main cause of unidentification was weak signals (20.9%, 182/870). Other common factors included background interference (7.6%, 66/870) and failed hybridization (6.1%, 53/870). Rare causes included nucleus damage (1.8%, 16/870), nucleus loss (1.1%, 10/870) and signal split/overlap (0.9%, 8/870).Multi-round FISH can improve the utility of single nucleus in PGD and the former three rounds have the highest efficiency. The hybridization effect of CEP is better than other probe. Poor signal quality is the common cause of unidentification results.

To explore the therapeutic regimens of metastatic prostate cancer so as to provide the experimental rationales for its gene therapy.The adenoviral vectors expressing cytokines interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were used to induce tumor regression in a C57BL/6 murine model of prostate cancer (n = 110).Adenoviral vectors could express IL-18 and IL-12 effectively. The rates of tumorigenesis were 10/10, 10/10, 4/10, 5/10 and 2/10, the durations of tumor growth (12.3 ± 1.5), (12.8 ± 1.0), (15.4 ± 1.3), (14.8 ± 0.8), (24.5 ± 2.2) days and the diameters of tumor nodule after inoculation 30 days (37.0 ± 3.0), (35.0 ± 4.6), (25.0 ± 2.0), (27.0 ± 4.1) and (9.5 ± 3.2) mm respectively in inoculation wild-type, AdLacZ, AdmIL-18, AdhIL-12, AdmIL-18 and AdhIL-12 of RM-1 cell. Compared to the other four groups, AdmIL-18 and AdhIL-12 developed smaller and delayed tumors (P0.01). Intratumoral injection of Adm IL-18 and AdhIL-12 could not only regress the established tumors, but also reduce the number of distal lung metastases (P0.01).Adenovirus-mediated delivery of IL-18 and IL-12 locally by intratumoral injection is highly effective in inducing specific antitumor immune responses.

A microstrip grid array antenna is designed at 24 GHz on a single-layer RT/duriod 5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.31 mm. Simulated results show that the microstrip grid array antenna achieved a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 210MHz, a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 500-MHz, and the maximum gain of 30.1 dBi at 24.15 GHz.

An ultra-wideband (UWB) planar volcano-smoke slot antenna realized using low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology is reported in this paper. The antenna, developed for a single-package solution of UWB radio, hasimple single-layer structure and a small footprint of 23 × 23 mm2. The result shows that the prototype antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 9 GHz (with return loss S11 < −10 dB from 3 to 12 GHz). The antenna radiation pattern at frequencies 3.5, 6.85, and 10.1 GHz and gain versus frequency are also presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 220–222, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20257

A major concern at chip level is electromagnetic interactions between integrated antennas and passive elements such as inductors. In this paper, we report a study of electromagnetic interactions between on-chip monopoles and spiral inductors based on measurements and simulations. It is shown from our examples that electromagnetic interactions are insignificant and cause little effects on the resonant frequency of the on-chip monopoles and on the inductance, quality factor and self-resonant frequency of the on-chip spiral inductors, respectively. It is also found that the inductor affects the impedance matching of the on-chip monopole.

International audience; In this communication, we present a new circularly-polarized array antenna using 2×2 linearly-polarized sub grid arrays in a low temperature co-fired ceramic technology for highly-integrated 60-GHz radio. The sub grid arrays are sequentially rotated and excited with a 90°-phase increment to radiate circularly-polarized waves. The feeding network of the array antenna is based on stripline quarter-wave matched T-junctions. The array antenna has a size of 15×15×0.9 mm 3 . Simulated and measured results confirm wide impedance, axial ratio, pattern, and gain bandwidths.

A tri-band antenna in a package for single-chip WLAN/60GHz radio is proposed. It comprises a 60GHz grid array antenna and a dual-band monopole meander line antenna. It can be fabricated in LTCC. The size of the package is 15×15×0.67 mm3.

A microstrip grid array antenna that radiates a pencil beam is reported. The prototype was designed and fabricated on RT/duriod 5880 substrate with the physical size of 40×40×0.787 mm3 and the number of 16 radiating elements. Measured results show that the microstrip grid array antenna achieved 4.1% impedance bandwidth and 15.5-dBi gain at 24.25 GHz.

In this paper, a novel dual-band antenna for wireless local area networks (WLAN) application is designed and simulated. Firstly, a standalone dual-band antenna on a smaller PCB is designed and satisfactory radiation patterns at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz are achieved. Then, the antenna is integrated on a larger PCB and it is found that the radiation patterns become unsatisfactory, in particular at 5.2 GHz. In order to improve the radiation patterns, four slots are cut on the ground plane. The dual-band antenna consists of a meander strip for 2.4 GHz and a quarter-ring for 5.2 GHz, both printed on FR4 substrate with thickness of 0.8 mm. The final dual-band antenna with the four slots on the ground plane attains 9.3% impedance bandwidth and 1.9 dBi gain at 2.4 GHz, and 16% impedance bandwidth and 3.4 dBi gain at 5.2 GHz, respectively.

This paper proposes a new 60-GHz single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch. It is designed in a 1.2-V 130-nm bulk CMOS and has a small core area of 222 μm × 92 μm. The switch exhibits measured insertion loss of 1.7 dB, isolation of 22 dB, input return loss of 20 dB, output return loss of 14 dB, and simulated power-handling capability of 13.8 dBm at 60 GHz. The proposed SPDT switch demonstrates such superior performances and consumes a much smaller die area to those of other SPDT switches, and therefore has potential to be used in highly integrated 60-GHz CMOS radios.

To investigate the karyotypes of amniotic fluid cells and compare the incidence of chromosomal abnormality as well as to evaluate the clinical significance of abnormal karyotypes.A total of 13 648 pregnant women came to Shanghai Jiai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University to do amniocentesis from September 1998 to November 2010, and 13 795 amniotic fluid specimens were successfully extracted and cultured, thus 13 795 fetuses received karyotype diagnosis. These fetuses were grouped according to different indications. If maternal age was ≥ 35, the fetuses were grouped into the advanced maternal age group (4065); and if maternal serum screening test revealed high-risk of trisomy 18 or trisomy 21, the fetuses were grouped into the high-risk serum screening group (6462); and those with abnormal signs of ultrasound screening were grouped into the abnormal ultrasound signs group (1539); and if either of the parents was with chromosome abnormalities, the fetus was grouped into the paternal/maternal abnormality group (108); whereas the remainder were grouped in other factors group (1621). The amniotic fluid cells were in-situ cultured on coverslips, harvested by conventional G-banded methods, and then analyzed by two doctors. In order to get rapid diagnosis, some pregnant women whose gestational age ≥ 26 weeks accepted fluorescense in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH was done on 78 uncultured amniotic fluid specimens using probes located at chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, Y. Some parents were required to analyze lymphocyte karyotype to help judging the origin of abnormal karyotype.(1) Classification and composition of abnormal karyotypes in each group: a total of 388 abnormal karyotypes were found among 13 795 fetuses, and the abnormal rate was 2.813% (388/13 795). Of the 388 fetuses, aneuploidy was the most common pattern which was up to 59.8% (232/388); autosomal structural abnormality rate was 24.7% (96/388); mosaicism was 12.4% (48/388). Other uncommon abnormal karyotypes included marker chromosome (5/388, 1.3%), sex chromosomal structural abnormality (4/388, 1.0%) and triploid (3/388, 0.8%). Aneuploidy was the most common in most groups except the paternal/maternal abnormality group. There were four cases of rare aneuploid in the advanced maternal age group, the high-risk serum screening group and the abnormal ultrasound signs group respectively. Every type of abnormality could be found in the abnormal ultrasound signs group, and autosomal structural abnormalities were concentrated in paternal/maternal abnormality group. Mosaicism mainly distributed in the high-risk serum screening group, accounting for 20.0% (29/145) of abnormalities in this group. (2) Abnormal types and the incidence: the most common type was trisomy 21 (138/388, 35.6%), followed by autosomal balanced structural rearrangements (80/388, 20.6%), mosaicism (48/388, 12.4%) and trisomy 18 (44/388, 11.3%). Others included non-balanced autosomal structural rearrangements (16/388, 4.1%), 45, X0 (16/388, 4.1%) and 47, XXY (15/388, 3.9%). (3) Lymphocyte karyotype analysis of the couples: parents of 153 fetuses were analyzed to determine the origin of abnormal karyotype. Fifty-eight familial and 95 de novo abnormalities were found. FISH results were the same with G-banding karyotype, and two of these were trisomy 21.Abnormal karyotype composition is different according to different maternal amniocentisis indications. There is a variety of abnormal karyotypes in the second trimester pregnancy, and the risk of fetal malformation is related with the kind of abnormal karyotype.

In this paper a 60 GHz antenna-in-package with end-fire radiation in LTCC is presented. Compared with the method mounting the chip on the side of the antenna package, the proposed antenna-in-package (AiP) configuration carries the chip on top of it to greatly save the area of RF front-end. In addition, the symmetric posts are introduced to widen the bandwidth. The metal match rings are added to smooth the S 11 . The results indicate, the proposed AiP can operate from 60.4 GHz to 62.7 GHz with the maximum gain of 6.25 dBi at 60 GHz.

The polymeric title compound, [Ca(C6H2N2O4)(H2O)]n, was synthesized from pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and calcium dichloride under hydrothermal conditions. The Ca2+ cation is seven-coordinated by five O atoms and one N atom of four pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate anions, and one water molecule. The complete deprotonated pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate anion adopts a μ4-coordination mode, resulting in the formation of a three-dimensional structure.

A microstrip grid array antenna for 24 GHz Doppler sensor is proposed for the first time. It is designed on 0.787 mm thick Rogers Duroid 5880 (e r = 2.2 and tan δ = 0.0009) with 0.017 mm copper cladding. Wet etch PCB process is used to fabricate the grid array antenna for cost consideration. Dimensions of the antenna are 40 mm × 40 mm × 0.787 mm. Simulated results show that impedance bandwidth of the antenna is from 22.7 GHz to 25.4 GHz, the highest gain is 17.5 dBi at 24 GHz, and the radiation bandwidth from 22.15 GHz to 25.5 GHz. The simulated beamwidth is 26° and 22° on E- and H-plane respectively. Measured results show that the antenna has achieved impedance bandwidth 20.5 GHz – 25.7 GHz, the highest gain is 18.4 dBi at 24.15 GHz, and radiation bandwidth 22.7 GHz – 24.7 GHz. The measured beamwidth is 20° and 22° on E- and H-plane respectively. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other. It is a capable candidate for 24 GHz Doppler sensor application.

Prostate stromal cells are known to regulate epithelial growth as well as support and maintain epithelial function. However, how stromal cells regulate epithelial cells and what differences among various histological/pathological prostate stromal cells in prostate cancer progression still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the different phenotypes of human various histological/pathological prostate stromal cells, and their role in tumor promotion.The different phenotypes of the human normal prostatic peripheral zonal primary stromal cells (NPPF), transitional zonal primary stromal cells (NPTF), and prostate cancer associated primary stromal cells (CAF) were examined with growth curves and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. The different effects on prostate cancer cell line C4-2B by NPPF, NPTF, and CAF were examined with MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC assay. The gene expression of different histological/pathological prostate stromal cells was profiled by microarray and hierarchical cluster analysis.The growth rate of NPPF, NPTF and CAF gradually increased, followed by decreasing apoptosis. In vitro stromal-C4-2B cell line co-culture models, the proliferation and apoptosis of C4-2B cell line were differently affected by human various histological/pathological prostate stromal cells. CAF showed the most powerful effect to C4-2B cell line, as opposed to a weakest effect of NPTF. Microarray and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes of CAF and NPPF were less than NPPF and NPTF, or CAF and NPTF. This was consistent with clinical observations that prostate cancer mostly derived from the peripheral zone and does not usually occur in the transitional zone.NPPF, NPTF and CAF possess extremely different biological characteristics and gene expression, which may play an important role in genesis and development of prostate cancer.

For microcellular system design, we have enhanced a well-known waveguide model for propagation-loss prediction along an LOS propagation path in a tunnel. It is reported in this letter. The enhancement involves a more accurate calculation of the tilt loss, the distinction of the two propagation regions, and the suggestion of using the free-space model for one region and the waveguide model for the other. The enhancement is demonstrated with examples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 10–12, 2001.

This paper presents a dual-folded-dipole array integrated in a thin cavity-down ball grid array chip-scale package for highly-integrated 60-GHz radios. Realized in a low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology, the package measures 12.5×8×1.265 mm3 and can carry a 60-GHz radio die of current size. The antenna array is designed to cover a 7-GHz bandwidth from 57 to 64 GHz to suit the allocated frequency range. It achieves return loss more than 8 dB, gain 9 ± 2.5dBi and radiation efficiency of better than 90% over the bandwidth, which clearly demonstrates the feasibility of the elegant antenna-array-in-chip-package solution for emerging short-range high-speed 60-GHz wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems [1–5].

Most planar monopole antennas for Ultrawide-Band (UWB) radios reported so far are discrete except the one with transceiver integration capability [1]. Unfortunately, the work reported in [1] does not touch on the key integration issue and fails to cover the whole UWB band. In this paper, we investigate the integration of the planar monopole antenna into a ceramic ball grid array package, which is in line with the single-package solution of UWB radios [2–6]. The integration is analyzed with an emphasis on the connection of the antenna to the UWB radio die. The integrated antenna bandwidth is targeted for the whole UWB range from 3.1–10.6 GHz.

The aim of this study was to find an accurate and feasible measurement technique for the inner ear structures using computed tomography and to check the inter-observer agreementSixty patients without abnormal structure of temporal bones confirmed by means of high-resolution computed tomography were included in this study. The multi-planar reformations (MPR) were performed to show the maximum profile of cochlear, and to measure the height and width of cochlear. Areas of bony island encircled by three semicircular canals were measured on the MPR images that could show the whole canal. The data measured by two readers independently was compared to check the inter-observer agreement.The application of MPR yielded satisfactory anatomic presentation of inner ear for radiologic measurements. There was good inter-observer agreement revealed by the paired t-test and correlation analysis (P0.05, r0.9). The height of cochlear (x+/-s) was (4.26+/-0.28) mm while the width of cochlear was (7.03+/-0.39) mm. The areas of bony islands encircled by the anterior, posterior and lateral semicircular canals were (25.49+/-3.84) mm2, (20.07+/-2.93) mm2 and (11.50+/-1.94) mm2, respectively.MPR can display structures of cochlear and semicircular canals on planes along their central axis. Normative measurements on these MPR images derive excellent repeatability and provide reliable morphologic parameters of inner ear structures.

This paper present a summary of the development of Antenna-in-Package (AiP) technology in a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) process for highly-integrated 60-GHz radios. The AiP exploits the LTCC capability to integrate the antenna and package functions into a compact three-dimensional structure of size 12.5×8×1.265 mm3. The antenna consists of a radiator, a ground plane, and a guard ring. It is shown that our AiP designs achieve excellent antenna performance in the 60-GHz band with an estimated efficiency better than 90%. Simulated and measured impedance and radiation results are compared. They agree reasonably well, indicating that the challenge in the antenna technology for low-power high-speed 60-GHz wireless communications has been solved.

Recent advances in design of transmit/receive (T/R) switches in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology for radio transceivers are reviewed in this paper. First, the evolution of wireless communication systems and CMOS technology are introduced for the purpose of design of T/R switches. Then, typical T/R switch topologies, key performance parameters, and device circuit models are described. Next, the important circuit techniques and concepts developed specifically for CMOS T/R switches are discussed. Finally, reported CMOS T/R switches are summarized and future design issues are identified.

A microstrip mesh array antenna (MAA) working at 60 GHz is designed on Rogers5880 of 10% free space wavelength thickness with 2.2 dielectric constant and 0.0009 loss tangent. The short side of the MAA equals 0.473λ 0 , where λ 0 is the free space wavelength of 60 GHz, and the long side equals 0.668λ 0 . The MAA is fed by a coaxial cable near its center point through the ground plane. An impedance bandwidth of 32% is obtained with 14.5 dBi gain at 60 GHz. Narrow beam with low side lobes can be seen from HFSS simulation.

A 7-GHz CMOS voltage controlled ring oscillator that employs multiloop technique for frequency boosting is presented in this paper. The circuit permits lower tuning gain through the use of coarse/fine frequency control. The lower tuning gain also translates into a lower sensitivity to the voltage at the control lines. Fabricated in a standard 0.13µ m CMOS process, the proposed voltage-controlled ring oscillator exhibits a low phase noise of 103.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the center frequency of 7.64 GHz, while consuming a current of 40 mA excluding the buffer. Published version

A grid array antenna integrated in a thin cavity-down ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) package in low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology is reported. The grid array antenna, intended for use in highly integrated 60-GHz radios, has achieved good matching (|S11| ¿ -10 dB) and directional patterns from 57 to 64 GHz as well as high gain with the peak value of 13.5 dBi at 60 GHz. Published version

An intra-chip wireless interconnect system using on-chip antennas and ultrawideband (UWB) radios that operates in 22–29 GHz is studied in this paper. The on-chip antennas are meander monopoles of axial length 1 mm in silicon technology. A unique wireless channel is formed between a pair of on-chip transmit and receive antennas. The channel is characterized up to an interconnect distance of 40 mm. The system performance is evaluated in terms of bit-error-rate (BER) under the assumptions of perfect system synchronization and signal corruption from thermal and switching noises. As expected, the system performance degrades with interconnect distance and data rate. Published version

In this paper, the EMI for AiP is studied. The simulated results indicate the package will influence the performance of antenna, especially, when the ground for antenna, package and system is connected and feed from system board. At the same time, the radiation of antenna will induced the EF in packaged components and bonding trace and the MS line with different load has different response. In order to lessen the effect to packaged component from antenna, the guarding ring and vias fence are used, and the simulated results verify its validity.

Driven by the great potential to revolutionize short-range high-speed wireless personal area network systems, designs towards low-cost highly-integrated 60-GHz radios in silicon semiconductor technology have received great attention in recent years. To provide 60-GHz radio chipsets with low-cost packaging and antenna solutions, the Antenna-in-Package (AiP) designs have shown promising results [1-3]. However, as the current AiP designs use only one antenna element, the gain is not enough, it is therefore necessary to extend it to an array antenna to achieve higher gain. Microstrip patch and slot array antennas designed for 60-GHz applications has been reported. However, they suffer from the complex feeding network, sophisticated process techniques to achieve enhanced performance. To avoid these problems, the grid array antenna was adopted in our work [4]. We show that a grid array antenna is an excellent array antenna candidate for 60-GHz applications and is particularly suitable for fabrication in LTCC or integration in packages [5-6]. Published version

This paper presents novel single-pole-single-throw (SPST) and single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switches for 57-66GHz band applications. At 60GHz band, the SPST switch exhibits an insertion loss of 1.6dB, a return loss of 16dB, an isolation of 27dB and an input 1-dB compression point (IP1dB) of 11dBm; Correspondingly, the SPDT switch achieves an insertion loss of 3dB/2.5dB, a return loss of 12.5dB/12dB, an isolation of 22dB/22dB and an input P1dB of 12dBm/13dBm in the Tx/Rx mode, respectively. The switches are designed and implemented with STMicroelectronics 1.2V 65nm CMOS RF process. Published version

With 319 rice varieties as test objects, this paper studied the effects of cadmium on their seed germination. The results showed that after treated with 10 mg x L(-1) of Cd2+, seed germination rate was less affected, but root growth was restrained evidently. Cadmium had more serious impact on root than on sprout. Different rice varieties had different germination responses to Cd2+, with the sequence of conventional rice (Japonica rice)hybrid rice (Indianica rice)conventional rice (Indianica rice). The root length and number of two-line sterilities were restrained more strongly than those of three-line sterilities. Based on their responses to Cd2+, the test 319 varieties were clustered into 3 types, i.e., endurant type, medium type, and sensitive type.

In this paper, we design a compact LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) package for UWB single-chip radios. This package has an internal space for the integration of single chip transceiver die and contains planar UWB antenna and feeding network. In addition, for the practical applications and measurement, the package is designed with conventional PCB (printed circuit board).

To evaluate value of spectral karyotyping (SKY) in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities.A total of 17 metaphase chromosome samples were investigated by SKY, including 10 normal and 5 balanced translocation samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes, one der(Y) sample of peripheral blood lymphocytes and one marker chromosome sample of amniotic fluid cells. The results were compared with those of G-banding diagnosis.Ten normal and 5 balanced translocation samples were diagnosed successfully by SKY in accordance with the results of G-banding; furthermore, SKY analysis revealed that the der(Y) fragment originated from p-arm of chromosome 21 while the marker chromosome originated from chromosome 5.SKY is a very sensitive and specific whole genome analysis tool for chromosomal abnormality diagnosis, and exceedingly valuable in the diagnosis on complex chromosomal abnormalities that can not be determined by G-banding.

The propagation mechanisms of radio waves over intra-chip channels was studied with integrated antennas for wireless chip area networks. Test vehicles were designed and fabricated on silicon wafers of both low and high resistivities, respectively, using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. On-wafer measurements for propagation of radio waves over intra-chip channels were conducted in the frequency domain from 10 to 110 GHz with a network analyzer. Time-domain analysis was performed to characterize intra-chip radio channels and more importantly to understand the propagation mechanisms. It was found that path loss factor is constantly less than two and propagation delay of the first-arrival wave is significantly longer than that by free-space transmission. Thus, we concluded that the propagation of radio waves over intra-chip channels is mainly realized with surface wave rather than space wave. Surface wave is guided on air-wafer interface. In addition, effects of metal lines, in both parallel and normal placements with respect to wave propagation direction, on signal propagation were also investigated. Published version

This paper presents a fully-integrated D-band frequency synthesizer (FS) in 0.13-[Formula: see text]m SiGe BiCMOS technology. The proposed FS consists of a 20-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) and a frequency multiplier including a doubler ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]2) and a quadrupler ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]4). The FS generates the D-band output signals from 164.08 to 166.19[Formula: see text]GHz. At 166.19[Formula: see text]GHz, the measured phase noises (PN) at 100-kHz and 1-MHz offset frequencies are [Formula: see text]54.07[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz and [Formula: see text]72.29[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz, respectively. The proposed FS achieves the low power dissipation of around 110[Formula: see text]mW and the chip area is [Formula: see text] including all testing pads. The FS has great potential to be used for low-power D-band applications.

To investigate the pregnancy outcomes of couples with either maternal or paternal balanced translocations.One hundred and ninety-four couples were divided into three groups based on the kind of translocations: 135 with reciprocal translocation, 52 with nonhomologous Robertsonian translocations, and 7 with homologous Robertsonian translocations. Past reproductive histories were surveyed. For those who wanted to have their own babies by natural conceptions after knowing their karyotypes as well as the risks of abnormal offsprings, subsequent pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Total pregnancy outcomes were compared between three groups.(1) 503 previous and subsequent pregnancies were recorded in detail. The pregnancy outcomes are as follows: spontaneous abortions 81.7% (411/503); induced terminations because of fetal abnormalities 3.2% (16/503); birth defects 7.2% (36/503); normal/balanced offsprings 8.0% (40/503). In reciprocal translocations, nonhomologous Robertsonian translocations and homologous Robertsonian translocations, the birth defects rates were 5.7% (20/350), 10.9% (14/128) and 8.0% (2/25), respectively (P0.05). The rates of normal/balanced offsprings in each group were 6.6% (23/350), 13.28% (17/128) and 0, respectively (P0.05). The rates of spontaneous abortions as well as the rates of induced terminations among three groups had no statistical differences. (2) Among the 52 congenital defects, induced terminations accounted for 30.8% (16/52), and liveborn 69% (36/52). Cytogenetic analyses were performed for 27 congenital defects and Down's syndrome occupied 59% (16/27). (3) 39 couples with reciprocal or nonhomologous Robertsonian translocations gave birth to 40 normal/balanced offsprings, of which 26 were karyotyped: normal karyotypes were 6 (23%) and balanced translocations 20 (77%). Couples with homologous Robertsonian translocations had no normal/balanced offspring.Balanced translocation carriers suffer from poor pregnancy prognosis. Couples with homologous Robertsonian translocations have little chance to give birth to normal/balanced offsprings.

Pyridine was used as a solvent for homocoupling of aryl bromides catalyzed by nickel chloride/triarylphosphine in the presence of zinc and recycled easily. Triphenylphosphine was the best ligand for nickel in this coupling reaction.

This paper studies the 1mm long on-chip meander antenna pairs in silicon up to 107 GHz by experiments as well as modeling. A modeling method based on EM 1E3D simulator as well as a statistical ray tracing model is developed to evaluate the antenna pair's performance with its S11 and S21 parameters. Simulations results agree with measurements. It shows that a sharp resonance can be seen at 75 GHz on the silicon substrate of high resistivity but no such sharp resonance can be on the silicon substrate of low resistivity. It also shows that a high gain window exists in S21. It suggests that the operating frequency of wireless interconnects be allocated within the high gain window for good performance.

This paper presents a novel wireless interconnect technology using impulse radio for interchip communications. The performance analysis of a binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) impulse radio shows that a high data rate of 2.5 Gb/s with a low bit error rate < 10^(-6) over an interchip wireless channel of length 20 cm can be achieved with the radiated power spectral density less than 41 dBm/MHz. The hardware design of the BPSK ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radio realizes transmitter and receiver integrated circuits in 0.18- m CMOS and antenna in a low-temperature cofired ceramic processes. Due to the current design and process limitations, the prototype impulse radio achieves a maximum data rate up to 200 Mb/s over the interchip wireless channel of length 20 cm with a total power consumption of 120 mW. The feasibility of using UWB impulse radio for Gb/s interchip wireless communication is addressed. Published version

To confirm the effect of Er'bao granule (EBG) on the sensitivity to peripheral afferent signal of neurons in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to illustrate the central mechanism of EBG in promoting ingestion behavior.The anorexia rat model was established by feeding special prepared forage for one week, and all the model rats were administrated with EBG by gavage for 3 weeks. The spontaneous discharge of LHA neurons was recorded using electro-physiological extracellular recording method, and its response to electrical stimulus on gastric vagus nerve and intravenous injection of glucose were observed and compared among the normal, model and treated groups.As compared with the normal group, among the LHA neurons responding to afferent gastric vagal impulse, the proportion of glycemia-sensitive neurons in the model group was significantly decreased (P0.01), but insignificant difference was shown in comparison between the treated group and the normal group.EBG play a role in regulating the sensitivity of LHA neurons to peripheral afferent signal and thus to influence the multi-afferent information integration of ingestion central neurons.

A novel inter-chip RF-interconnect system operating in the range of 22–29 GHz is described and analyzed in terms of system bit error rate (BER) performance. After characterizing the interconnect channel, plotting the transmitted and received ultrawideband pulses, and estimating the switching noise power density by proposing a novel switching noise attack model, we finally get the results of the system performance. It is shown that the performance degrades with the interconnect distance and the switching noise attacker number. It is concluded that a high data rate at 3.33 Gb/s with a low BER less than 10^(-5) over the entire chip of size 30 X 30 mm2 is achievable with the radiated power density less than 41 dBm/MHz (or the average transmitted power less than 2.85 dBm). Published version

Several reports have indicated that the cerebellum is involved in regulation of some non-somatic activities through the cerebellohypothalamic projections. Therefore, the modulatory effects of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) on neuronal activity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was investigated in this study by using in vivo extracellular recording technique in rats. We recorded from 115 PVN neurons, 51 (44.3%) responded to the cerebellar IN stimulation. Of the responsive PVN neurons tested for their sensitivity to hypertensive and/or hyperosmotic stimulations, 66.7% (6/9) and 75.0% (6/8) responded to intravenous metaraminol and hypertonic saline administration, respectively. These results demonstrate that the cerebellar IN afferent inputs impinge on the PVN neurons, including those baroreflex-sensitive and osmoresponsive neurons, suggesting that the cerebellum may actively participate in the cardiovascular regulation and osmoregulation through the cerebellohypothalamic projections.

The recent advances in such highly integrated RF transceivers as radio system-on-chip and radio system-in-package have called for the parallel development of compact and efficient antennas. This paper addresses the development of a new type of dielectric chip antenna known as integrated circuit package antenna (ICPA) for highly integrated RF transceivers. A compact ICPA of this type has, for the first time, been designed and fabricated in a ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) package format. The novel ICPA, except economical advantage of mass production and automatic assembly, has potential benefit to the system-level board miniaturization and the system-level manufacturing facilitation. The simulated and measured antenna performance of the ICPA is presented. The effects of the different physical parts of the ICPA on the antenna performance are investigated. Results show that the ICPA achieved impedance bandwidth of 4.1% and radiation efficiency of 72%, and gain of 4.8 dBi at 5.715 GHz. Published version

The glycemia-sensitive neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) have traditionally been implicated in feeding regulation. Some studies reported that the neuronal activity of the VMN could be modulated by inputs from the gastric vagal afferent, and the cerebellum might participate in regulating non-somatic visceral activities via the cerebellohypothalamic projections. The present study was therefore undertaken to investigate whether the inputs from the gastric vagal nerves and the cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IN) could reach and converge onto single VMN neurons, especially those glycemia-sensitive ones. Among recorded 283 VMN neurons, 187 (66.1%) and 139 (49.1%) responded to the gastric vagal and the cerebellar IN stimulations, respectively. Within the VMN neurons that were responsive to either of the gastric vagal or cerebellar IN stimulation, 91 responded to both of the stimuli, suggesting a convergence of gastric vagal and cerebellar inputs on the cells. When the gastric vagal nerves and cerebellar IN were stimulated simultaneously, a summation of the responses could be observed (n = 22). Moreover, of the 91 cells that responded to both of the gastric vagal and cerebellar IN stimuli, 61 (67.0%) were identified to be glycemia-sensitive neurons. These results demonstrate that the visceral signals conveyed by the gastric vagal afferents and the somatic information forwarded by the cerebellar IN could converge onto single VMN neurons, especially the glycemia-sensitive neurons. And the findings suggest that an integration of the somatic-visceral response related to the food intake could take place in the VMN and the cerebellum might actively participate in the short-term feeding regulation through the cerebellohypothalamic projections.