Search

The primary function of 25(OH)Vitamin D (VitD) is to control calcium; however, recent evidence associated serum VitD deficiency to high aggressiveness and worse outcome in different type of malignancies including lymphomas, and the reasons of such effect are to be defined. In this study, we investigated the association of VitD blood levels with gene expression in a retrospective cohort of 181 lymphomas (104 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas [DLBCLs] and 77 classical Hodgkin's lymphomas [cHLs]) of whom 116 with available gene expression profiles (52 DLBCLs and 64 cHLs, respectively). In DLBCL, VitD deficiency did not cause significant alteration in gene expression suggesting different mechanisms of action including a possible systemic effect or an effect on pharmacokinetics. By contrast, in cHLs, VitD deficiency induced profound changes in the transcriptional program leading to the NF‐κB‐mediated activation of stress‐protective and pro‐survival pathways. Coherently, VitD signaling defined by vitamin D Receptor (VDR) expression analysis, resulted highly activated in cHLs but not in DLBCLs. Even if preliminary, these data represent the first evidence of a direct role of VitD in the biology of cHL and suggest a multimodality and disease‐specific activity of this vitamin in lymphomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis was concurrent CLL and Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS), possibly representing transdifferentiation of CLL to LCS. This is the first report of LCS associated with CLL in bone marrow biopsy, occurring in patient with a previous history of CLL. 10.4103/1947-2714.114172 7 Papoudou-Bai A, Vassou A, Marinos L, Papathanasiou K, Kapsali E, Kanavaros P. Concurrent cutaneous localization of Langerhans cell sarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in a patient with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. [Extracted from the article]

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), comprising the majority of initial BC presentations, requires accurate risk stratification for optimal management. This review explores the evolving role of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a prognostic biomarker in NMIBC, with a particular focus on its implications in the context of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. The literature suggests a potential association between elevated PD-L1 status and adverse outcomes, resistance to BCG treatment, and disease progression. However, conflicting findings and methodological issues highlight the heterogeneity of PD-L1 assessment in NMIBC, probably due to the complex biological mechanisms that regulate the interaction between PD-L1 and the tumor microenvironment. The identification of PD-L1 as a prognostic biomarker provides ground for tailored therapeutic interventions, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, challenges such as intratumoral heterogeneity and technical issues underscore the need for standardized protocols and larger, homogeneous trials. This review contributes to the ongoing debate on the personalized management of NMIBC patients, focusing on the advances and perspectives of incorporating PD-L1 as a biomarker in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmablasts were co-infected by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), being positive for HHV-8 (Fig. 1Clusters of large atypical cells colonizing germinal centers (HE 20x); inset left HHV-8 positive staining of plasmablasts; inset right Epstein-Barr virus positivity of plasmablasts by in situ hybridization (EBER) Clusters of plasmablasts show a predilection to colonize GC, hence the definition germinotropic, and are co-infected by HHV-8 and EBV [[1]-[10]]. MCD is HHV-8-positive and always EBV-negative, differently from GLD which is co-infected by HHV-8 and EBV [[1]-[10]]. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of 84-year-old immunocompetent woman with signoid resection for acute colonic diverticulitis. It notes the identification of clonal immunoglobulin gene (Ig) rearrangement, T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) in colon diverticulitis.

The article presents a case study of a 75-year-old male with mild pancytopenia, clinical history included a cutaneous lesion. It discusses the trephine biopsy showed a hypercellular marrow with a diffuse proliferation of medium-/large-sized cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. It discusses the Rosai-Dorfman disease Involving bone marrow in association with acute myeloid leukemia. It also mentions the identification of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.

A letter to the editor is presented which describes the development of large B-cell lymphoma after hairy cell leukaemia-variant (HCL-v) mutation.

D3-lymphadenectomy enhances oncological clearance in patients with right colon cancer. Dear Editor, We were greatly impressed by the study of Sahara et al., which analyzed a population of 344 patients who underwent complete mesocolic excision (CME) and D3-lymphadenectomy (D3) for stage I-III right colon cancers [[1]]. In support of the prognostic and oncological prospective benefits of D3, Balciscueta et al. recently published the first meta-analysis aimed at assessing D3 short- and long-term outcomes of patients with right colon cancers [[2]]. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Objectives: Anterior rectal resection (ARR) represents one of the most frequently performed methods in colorectal surgery, mainly carried out for rectal cancer (RC) treatment. Defunctioning ileostomy (DI) has long been chosen as a method to "protect" colorectal or coloanal anastomosis after ARR. However, DI does not rule out risks of more or less serious complications. A proximal intra-abdominal closed-loop ileostomy, the so-called virtual/ghost ileostomy (VI/GI), could limit the number of DIs and the associated morbidity. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed by use of RevMan [Computer program] Version 5.4. Results: The five included comparative studies (VI/GI or DI) covering an approximately 20-year study period (2008–2021). All included studies were observational ones and originated from European countries. Meta-analysis indicated VI/GI as significantly associated with lower short-term morbidity rates related to VI/GI or DI after primary surgery (RR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.64, p = 0.006), fewer dehydration (RR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.75, p = 0.02) and ileus episodes after primary surgery (RR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77, p = 0.02), fewer readmissions after primary surgery (RR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07–0.43, p = 0.0002) and readmissions after primary surgery plus stoma closure surgery (RR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06–0.30, p < 0.00001) than the DI group. On the contrary, no differences were identified in terms of AL after primary surgery, short-term morbidity after primary surgery, major complications (CD ≥ III) after primary surgery and length of hospital stay after primary surgery. Conclusions: Given the significant biases among meta-analyzed studies (small overall sample size and the small number of events analyzed, in particular), our results require careful interpretation. Further randomized, possibly multi-center trials may be of paramount importance in confirming our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed a ring-enhancing hypodense lesion in the right parotid gland, measuring 3.6 cm in diameter (Figure 1A, red arrow). Benign lymphoepithelial cysts might probably derive from the cystic degeneration of salivary gland inclusions within lymph nodes.[1],[2] Gradual, painless swelling of one or both parotid glands is the presenting symptom.[1],[2] BLECs should be considered in the differential diagnosis if cystic or mixed parotid lesions are discovered. Small lymphocytes within the epithelium forming lymphoepithelial-like lesions have been occasionally reported in BLECs, as in our case.[3] The teaching point is that BLECs should always raise concern of HIV infection. [Extracted from the article]

Dear Editor, We report a rare case of prenatal diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), showing the morphological findings identified in the product of conception samples. In familial HLH, as in our case, the early and accurate prenatal diagnosis is important for genetic counseling. In product of conception samples, the proper identification of hemophagocytosis features, which can be rather subtle, may lead to suspect familial HLH and then advise genetic counseling for subsequent pregnancies. [Extracted from the article]

Molecular subtyping of bladder cancer (BC) aims to capture the biological heterogeneity of this complex disease in order to provide better patient risk stratification. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are regarded as promising surrogates to classify BCs into luminal and basal subtypes in routine practice. We investigated the correlation between the molecular subclassification, assessed through IHC, and the conventional prognostic variables of a cohort of 93 muscle-invasive BCs (MIBCs), with a focus on the pattern of muscularis propria (MP) invasion, and evaluated their association with outcome. Basal, luminal, double-positive (DP), and double-negative (DN) phenotypes were identified according to the coordinate expression of 1 basal (CK5/6) and 2 luminal (CK20, GATA3) markers, and accounted for 33.3%, 32.3%, 3.2%, and 31.2% (Scheme #1) and 9.7%, 60.2%, 26.9%, and 3.2% (Scheme #2). There was a significant association between the pattern of MP invasion and the molecular subtypes according to Scheme #2, in that all 8 basal and DN cases, as well as 83% of DP cases, had a non-infiltrative invasion pattern. No consistent differences were observed in terms of OS and CSS between the molecular subtypes obtained through surrogate IHC markers. In keeping with previous studies, we report the correlation between the identification of BC subtypes and the presence of morphological prognostic factors, supporting the need for a comprehensive pathological evaluation, including clinicopathological and molecular parameters, in order to improve the diagnosis and management of MIBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen revealed marked thickening of the uterus wall, multiple retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and right hydroureteronephrosis. MS is commonly diagnosed simultaneously or prior to acute myeloid leukemia (AML); it may constitute the evolution of previous myeloid neoplasms or precede AML relapse after treatment. Neural cell-adhesion molecule (CD 56)-positive, t (8; 21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML, M-2) and granulocytic sarcoma. [Extracted from the article]

Dear Editor, A 50-year-old, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-negative, man developed multiple, palpable, soft subcutaneous nodules underlying a normal appearing skin and clinically resembling lipomas. (Right) Microscopic histological examination: dense and diffuse lymphoid infiltrate restricted to the subcutaneous tissue, sparing dermis, and epidermis MZL is a low-grade non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma frequently affecting extranodal sites, spleen, and lymph nodes [[1]]. 20174: Lyon; IARC: World Health Organization: 978-9283244943 2 Paulli M, Arcaini L, Lucioni M, Boveri E, Capello D, Passamonti F, Merli M, Rattotti S, Rossi D, Riboni R, Berti E, Magrini U, Bruno R, Gaidano G, Lazzarino M. Subcutaneous "lipoma-like" B-cell lymphoma associated with HCV infection: a new presentation of primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT. [Extracted from the article]