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This study was designed to develop the Service Quality Assessment Scale to evaluate the service quality of health-fitness clubs. Through a review of literature, field observations, interviews, modified application of the Delphi technique, and a pilot study, a preliminary scale with 46 items was formulated. The preliminary scale was administered to members of one health-fitness club. From exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the pilot test data, 6 factors emerged. Next the revised scale (reduced to a 40-item scale) was administered to 10 health-fitness clubs (N = 1,202). The data set was split into halves: one for EFA and the other for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Six factors emerged in the EFA: Staff, Program, Locker Room, Physical Facility, Workout Facility, and Child Care. The fit indexes from the CFA indicated that the model was permissible (e.g., Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.07, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.05, Comparative Fit Index = 0.87). All the factors had acceptable alpha and composite reliability coefficients. The model was then tested for invariance across gender; 9 items were eliminated due to a lack of invariance for factor loadings or tau coefficients. The 31-item scale with 6 factors displayed sound psychometric properties and invariance for factor loadings and tau coefficients, and can be utilized to evaluate service-quality issues in various health-fitness club settings. (Contains 7 tables and 2 figures.)

While rates of tobacco use on university campuses rose over the past decade, little is known about what institutions are doing to address this rising concern. Health center directors at public institutions of higher education across the state of Texas were surveyed (n = 42) regarding the perceived importance of smoking cessation, prevalence of interventions on their campuses, and perceived success of intervening efforts. While most health center directors regarded smoking cessation as important, over half of the directors indicated that their sites did not offer tobacco cessation services of any kind. Furthermore, of those offering smoking cessation, most believed that their smoking cessation programs were only somewhat or not at all effective. Findings revealed that there is a noticeable gap between perceived importance and actual implementation of smoking cessation programs within university-based health centers. Recommendations include implementing innovative cessation methods, such as those that are Web-based and highly accessible to students.

The Adolescent Tobacco Use Awareness and Cessation Program trial, based on social cognitive theory and transtheoretical model, was designed to develop, evaluate, and disseminate effective cessation programming related to Texas legislation. Data from participants and site facilitators indicated that significantly more participants were in the action stage of change at the end of the program, with 40 percent tobacco-free. (SM)

Surveyed Mexican-American (MA) and non-MA parents regarding their attitudes toward school health education and its place in the curriculum. There was widespread support for quality comprehensive school health education. MA parents considered school health education more important than non-MA parents. They also considered health was more important relative to other school subjects than non-MA parents. (SM)

Introduction: Live sporting event streaming (LSES) is becoming popular not only among consumers but also among sponsors. At the same time, influenced by China's convenient mobile terminals, the paid membership system for live broadcasting has also attracted the attention of marketers and scholars. To promote financial sustainability, we analyzed the internal mechanism of profitability in LSES based on stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and two-sided market characteristics. Specifically, we considered advertisement and delay the stimuli (S), arousal and attention as the organism variables (O), and intention to become a paying member as the response (R). Methods: We used an online survey questionnaire to collect data from 430 Chinese LSES viewers during the 2021 European Cup. We used SPSS Amos v. 26 to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping to test the model. Results: The results show that the direct paths from advertisement and delay to behavioral intention were not significant and that these relationships only became significant via the mediating variables of arousal and attention. Compared to advertising, delay had a stronger indirect effect on behavior. Arousal and attention generated a chain intermediary mechanism in which the presence of attention was necessary. Discussion: First, LSES platforms should follow Internet development trends and create higher economic value by using precise advertising strategies. Second, LSES platforms should make full use of 5G mobile communication technology to maximize profit. Third, LSES platforms must pay attention to the intermediary mechanism of arousal and attention. Streaming media must provide high-quality events in order to keep target audiences excited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research reveals the significance of understanding consumer interactions as an increasingly important determinant of sports consumption behaviors; yet, few studies have focused on the virtual communities of sporting goods brands, particularly for the Chinese marketplace that is becoming the largest globally. This study aimed to examine the relationships among consumer interaction, brand-community relationship, and consumer value co-creation willingness in the sports virtual brand communities of China. Research participants (n = 445) were consumers participating in online community activities of two leading sporting goods brands in China, Li-NING and Anta Sports. A questionnaire survey study was conducted. Regression analyses revealed that three out of four consumer interaction factors—cultural identity behavior, experiential communication behavior, and community maintenance behavior—exert a significant and positive impact on consumer value co-creation willingness. The strength of community relationship played a mediating role in these relationships. The other one, member screening interaction, did not find support. This study extends knowledge of sports brand marketing and management of virtual brand communities and recognizes the effectiveness of consumer value co-creation aspirations by highlighting the importance and reliance of customer-to-customer interaction and the strength of brand-community relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through developing the Sport Fan Sense of Community (SFSC) scale, this study examined the factors that would constitute a sense of membership in a sport fan community, the impact of these factors on behavioral and psychological outcomes of membership, and their influence on the creation and maintenance of social capital through membership in the sport fan community. Sport fans (N = 525) were surveyed and data were analyzed through a two-step confirmatory factor analysis and subsequent structural equation model analyses. A total of 17 items under five key factors were resulted for the SFSC scale, including Collective Unity, Positivity, Inclusivity, Social Opportunities, and Knowledgeable Members. These factors significantly (p <.05) contributed to the psychological outcomes related to cognitive and affective benefits, as well as behavioral outcomes of increased game attendance, merchandise sales, and positive word of mouth. An individual's sense of membership in the fan community also contributed to his/her bridging and bonding of social capital. This study built on previous conceptualizations of sport fan communities and developed the SFSC scale to delineate, specify, and measure one's sense of membership in a fan community. The findings help further the theoretical understanding of sport fan communities and also provide evidence for sport organizations to identify operational areas in which they can communicate with consumers in order to create, channel, and sustain stronger communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction among mid-level administrators of collegiate campus recreation programs from three perspectives: (a) dimensions of job satisfaction, (b) current job satisfaction level, and (c) relationship between job satisfaction and institutional characteristics. Based on a review of literature, interview with specialists, test of content validity, and a pilot test, a questionnaire was developed to measure job satisfaction and employment background. Research participants (N=285) were mid-level campus recreation program administrators. Statistical analyses revealed two factors associated with the job satisfaction variables: &apos;Satisfaction with Organizational Work Environment&apos; and &apos;Satisfaction with Individual Work Environment. &apos; The respondents generally showed high ratings in the job satisfaction factors. Three employment background variables (institutional size, institutional classification, and year in service) were related to the job satisfaction factors., In the past two decades, campus recreation has been a rapidly evolving system within the collegiate environment. What was once referred to as the "intramural" program has expanded extensively in [...]