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Pseudoallergy is a typical and common adverse drug reaction to injections, especially in traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs). At present, the evaluation methods for pseudoallergy include cell methods in vitro and animal methods in vivo. The mast cell evaluation method based on the β‐hexosaminidase (β‐Hex)‐catalyzed substrate, 4‐nitrophenyl‐β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminide (4‐NPG), is an important method for the evaluation of drug‐induced pseudoallergy, but it is prone to false positive results and has insufficient sensitivity. In this study, a novel β‐Hex evaluation system with rat basophilic leukemia‐2H3 cells based on high‐performance liquid chromatography‐fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FLD) was established, which effectively increased the sensitivity and avoided false positive results. Cell viabilities were measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. In addition, a method for the determination of histamine, which is another indicator in the development of pseudoallergy, was established to validate the above method. The results of this novel method indicated that two TCMIs (Shuxuening injection and Shenqi Fuzheng injection), which were considered to be pseudoallergenic using 4‐NPG, were not pseudoallergenic. Overall, the novel β‐Hex/HPLC‐FLD evaluation system using Rat basophilic leukemia‐2H3 cells established was effective and precise. It could be used for the evaluation of pseudoallergic reactions caused by TCMIs and other injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pastures play vital roles in carbon (C) sequestration and the global C balance. Partial root-zone drying (PRD) is widely known to reduce water consumption with a minimum impact on alfalfa productivity in the field. A 2-year field experiment was used to investigate the effects of PRD on C retention in the soil-plant systems of alfalfa. This field experiment consisted of two factors (irrigation modes and irrigation volumes) in a split-plot design. The two irrigation modes were PRD and conventional furrow irrigation, and the four irrigation levels were 70%, 85%, 100%, and 115% alfalfa potential evapotranspiration. This study showed that PRD increased the C in alfalfa plants due to higher C in alfalfa roots. PRD led to higher soil organic C storage, whereas it led to lower soil total C and soil inorganic C storage. PRD was found to decrease the C retention in the soil-plant systems of alfalfa. The findings of this study display a pattern of PRD influencing C retention in the soil-plant systems of perennial crops, and imply that PRD reduces the C sequestration potential of alfalfa pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and timely urban boundaries can effectively quantify the spatial characteristics of urban evolution and are essential for understanding the impacts of urbanization processes and land-use changes on the environment and biodiversity. Currently, there is a lack of long time-series, high-resolution, nationally consistent Chinese urban boundary data for urban research. In this study, the city clustering algorithm was used to generate urban settlement boundaries in China based on the local density, size, and spatial relationships of impervious surfaces. The results showed that both the area and the number of urban settlements in China revealed an upward trend from 1985 to 2020, with East China (EC) being much higher than other regions and South China showing the most significant growth rate. The average area ratio of urban green space in China was 41.68%, with the average area ratio in EC being higher than in other regions. Meanwhile, Zipf's law was used to verify the universality of urban settlement rank–size; the changes in the Zipf index from 1985 to 2020 also revealed that China's urban size tended to be concentrated, and the development of large urban settlements was relatively prominent. The urban definition method we propose in this study can divide urban boundaries efficiently and accurately, identify urban expansion hotspots, and promote research on farmland loss and ecological land degradation, further exploring the impacts of urbanization on food security, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. By coupling big data such as economy, energy, and population with urban evolution patterns, urban managers can analyze current and future problems in urban development, thereby providing scientific decision-making for urban sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 6-aminoquinolyl- N -hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate as a pre-column derivatization reagent, optimized derivatization and chromatography parameters, a simple high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (HPLC–FLD) method was developed and validated to determine 23 related amines in plasma and cortex of C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. The prepared samples were separated on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with 60% acetonitrile (ACN) and 20 mM sodium acetate solution (pH adjusted to 5.0 by phosphoric acid). All analytes achieved good separation within 1.2 h at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The limits of detection and limits of detection quantitation of the method were ranged from (0.1–9.2) to (0.3–30.6) ng/mL, respectively. The analytical method was apt for simultaneously determining 23 amino acids in plasma and cortex. Our results revealed that the relevant amino acids were significantly altered (P  < 0.05) in C57BL/6 mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 T x material exhibits great potential for microwave absorption owing to its 2D layered graphene-like structure and unique physical properties. However, the limited release of absorbing properties due to the low dielectric loss of Ti 3 C 2 T x and its single loss mechanism pose challenges in meeting the functional requirements for microwave absorbers. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on the Ti 3 C 2 T x substrates in a tip growth mode under the catalytic influence of Ni using the in situ induced method. Consequently, Ti 3 C 2 T x /CNTs/TiO 2 (TCT) structures were successfully prepared through carbonization conditions. It is worth noting that the composite material TCT-800 exhibits excellent absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RL min) value reaches −44.6 dB when the matching thickness is only 1.4 mm, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL < −10 dB) spans from 11.9 GHz to 15.9 GHz, totaling a range of 4.2 GHz. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance of TCT-800 composites is attributed to the polarization phenomenon of more heterogeneous interfaces constructed by Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets, CNTs, and TiO 2 nanoparticles. This work provides a strategy for synthesizing Ti 3 C 2 T x -based composites with strong electromagnetic attenuation and wide absorption bandwidth performance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual's brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain‐related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand‐gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target. Aims: To expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research. Methods: We reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R‐related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation. Results: P2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R‐mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management. Conclusions: Microglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Gastric diverticulum in the posterior wall of the stomach is very rare, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as a left adrenal mass on imaging. Therefore, we must consider the possibility of gastric diverticulum when diagnosing a left adrenal mass. This paper reports a case of gastric diverticulum that was misdiagnosed as a left adrenal mass on abdominal enhanced CT. The patient underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy, but there was no mass in the left adrenal found during surgery. After the incision of the retroperitoneum, a cystic mass was found adjacent to the posterior gastric wall which turned out to be gastric diverticulum. This case suggests that gastric diverticulum, a rare disease, may be interpreted as an adrenal mass on imaging. Therefore, as a urologist, the gastric diverticulum must be excluded when CT suggests a mass in the left adrenal region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traditional Chinese medicine, Angelica dahurica is a valuable herb with numerous therapeutic applications for a range of ailments. There have not yet been any articles on the methodical assessment and choice of the best reference genes for A. dahurica gene expression studies. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is widely employed as the predominant method for investigating gene expression. In order to ensure the precise determination of target gene expression outcomes in RT-qPCR analysis, it is imperative to employ stable reference genes. In this study, a total of 11 candidate reference genes including SAND family protein (SAND), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), TIP41-like protein (TIP41), cyclophilin 2 (CYP2), elongation factor 1 α (EF1α), ubiquitin-protein ligase 9 (UBC9), tubulin β-6 (TUB6), thioredoxin-like protein YLS8 (YLS8), and tubulin-α (TUBA) were selected from the transcriptome of A. dahurica. Subsequently, three statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were employed to assess the stability of their expression patterns across seven distinct stimulus treatments. The outcomes obtained from these analyses were subsequently amalgamated into a comprehensive ranking using RefFinder. Additionally, one target gene, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), was used to confirm the effectiveness of the selected reference genes. According to the findings of this study, the two most stable reference genes for normalizing the expression of genes in A. dahurica are TIP41 and UBC9. Overall, our research has determined the appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR in A. dahurica and provides a crucial foundation for gene screening and identifying genes associated with the biosynthesis of active ingredients in A. dahurica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A growing number of epidemiological studies have shown that daily temperatures are associated with urticaria. However, the relationship between daily changes in temperature and urticaria is unclear. Objectives: To assess the diurnal temperature difference (DTR) effects on urticaria outpatient visits in Lanzhou, China. Methods: Urticaria outpatient visits data during 2011–2019 were collected from three major tertiary hospitals in Lanzhou. Daily temperature data from the official website of China Meteorological Administration. Assessment of the relationship between urticaria outpatient volume and DTR in Lanzhou City using a distributed lag nonlinear model. Results: A total of 83,022 urticaria visits were enrolled. There was a nonlinear relationship between DTR and urticaria outpatient visits and a lagged effect of DTR impact. The effects of high DTR on urticaria visits were not seen in all populations but in the male population and in the 15–59 age group. High DTR (P95: 18.2 °C) was associated with a 27% (95% CI: 0.01, 60.53%) and 31% (95% CI: 1.60, 68.99%) increase in the number of urticaria visits in the 21-day lag effect for the male cohort and the 15–59 year old cohort, respectively, compared with 11.5 °C, respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests that DTR is a potential risk factor for urticaria. The results of this study may provide a scientific basis for local governments to improve preventive measures in the health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic participant classification is crucial in autonomous driving perception. Millimeter wave radio detection and ranging radar is a cost-effective and powerful method to perform the task in adverse traffic scenarios, especially in bad inclement weather (e.g. fog, snow and rain) and poor lighting conditions. This paper presents an intelligent target classification algorithm for 77G radar based on correction data set. First, in order to handle the problem that the original data set may easily be interfered by obstacles, the angle information is filtered by analyzing the spatial information of radar signals, which means the interference clutter of obstacles can be effectively removed. Second, the primary data set is corrected using the significant difference between the micro-Doppler of the human body and car. Finally, the characteristic information of the radar signal is extracted, including distance, speed, orientation, micro-Doppler and reflection intensity, and the obtained data sets containing three types of targets (vehicles, human bodies and obstacles) are generated. The generated dynamic and static data sets are collected by sufficient experiments to construct deep learning classification models. The results show that the classification accuracy is improved by the measure of data set correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condensed films of functional luminophores dominated by the magnitude and dimensionality of the intermolecular interactions play important roles in sensing performance. However, controlling the molecular assembly and regulating photophysical properties remain challenging. In this study, a new luminophore, ortho‐PBI‐Au, was synthesized by anchoring a cyclometalated alkynyl‐gold(III) unit at the ortho‐position of perylene bisimide. An unprecedented T‐type packing model driven by weak Au‐π interaction and Au−H bonds was observed, laying foundation for striking properties of the luminophore. Controlled assembly of ortho‐PBI‐Au at the air‐water interface, realized using the classical Langmuir–Schaeffer technique, afforded the obtained luminescent films with different packing structures. With an optimized film, sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of a hazardous new psychoactive substance, phenylethylamine (PEA), was achieved. The detection limit, response time, and recovery time were <4 ppb, <1 s, and <5 s, respectively, surpassing the performance of the PEA sensors known thus far. The relationship between the characters of films and the sensing performance was systematically examined by grey relational analysis (GRA). The present study suggests that designing novel molecular aggregation with definite adlayer structure is a crucial strategy to enhance the sensing performance, which could be favorable for the film‐based fluorescent sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal single atom electrocatalysts (SACs) with metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M−N−C) configuration show great potential in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereby the spin‐dependent electrons must be allowed to transfer along reactants (OH−/H2O, singlet spin state) and products (O2, triplet spin state). Therefore, it is imperative to modulate the spin configuration in M−N−C to enhance the spin‐sensitive OER energetics, which however remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a local field distortion induced intermediate to low spin transition by introducing a main‐group element (Mg) into the Fe−N−C architecture, and decode the underlying origin of the enhanced OER activity. We unveil that, the large ionic radii mismatch between Mg2+ and Fe2+ can cause a FeN4 in‐plane square local field deformation, which triggers a favorable spin transition of Fe2+ from intermediate (dxy2dxz2dyz1dz21, 2.96 μB) to low spin (dxy2dxz2dyz2, 0.95 μB), and consequently regulate the thermodyna‐mics of the elementary step with desired Gibbs free energies. The as‐obtained Mg/Fe dual‐site catalyst demonstrates a superior OER activity with an overpotential of 224 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an electrolysis voltage of only 1.542 V at 10 mA cm−2 in the overall water splitting, which outperforms those of the state‐of‐the‐art transition metal SACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condensed films of functional luminophores dominated by the magnitude and dimensionality of the intermolecular interactions play important roles in sensing performance. However, controlling the molecular assembly and regulating photophysical properties remain challenging. In this study, a new luminophore, ortho‐PBI‐Au, was synthesized by anchoring a cyclometalated alkynyl‐gold(III) unit at the ortho‐position of perylene bisimide. An unprecedented T‐type packing model driven by weak Au‐π interaction and Au−H bonds was observed, laying foundation for striking properties of the luminophore. Controlled assembly of ortho‐PBI‐Au at the air‐water interface, realized using the classical Langmuir–Schaeffer technique, afforded the obtained luminescent films with different packing structures. With an optimized film, sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of a hazardous new psychoactive substance, phenylethylamine (PEA), was achieved. The detection limit, response time, and recovery time were <4 ppb, <1 s, and <5 s, respectively, surpassing the performance of the PEA sensors known thus far. The relationship between the characters of films and the sensing performance was systematically examined by grey relational analysis (GRA). The present study suggests that designing novel molecular aggregation with definite adlayer structure is a crucial strategy to enhance the sensing performance, which could be favorable for the film‐based fluorescent sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal single atom electrocatalysts (SACs) with metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M−N−C) configuration show great potential in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereby the spin‐dependent electrons must be allowed to transfer along reactants (OH−/H2O, singlet spin state) and products (O2, triplet spin state). Therefore, it is imperative to modulate the spin configuration in M−N−C to enhance the spin‐sensitive OER energetics, which however remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a local field distortion induced intermediate to low spin transition by introducing a main‐group element (Mg) into the Fe−N−C architecture, and decode the underlying origin of the enhanced OER activity. We unveil that, the large ionic radii mismatch between Mg2+ and Fe2+ can cause a FeN4 in‐plane square local field deformation, which triggers a favorable spin transition of Fe2+ from intermediate (dxy2dxz2dyz1dz21, 2.96 μB) to low spin (dxy2dxz2dyz2, 0.95 μB), and consequently regulate the thermodyna‐mics of the elementary step with desired Gibbs free energies. The as‐obtained Mg/Fe dual‐site catalyst demonstrates a superior OER activity with an overpotential of 224 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an electrolysis voltage of only 1.542 V at 10 mA cm−2 in the overall water splitting, which outperforms those of the state‐of‐the‐art transition metal SACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of an integrative housing intervention (Ecologically Based Treatment, EBT – independent housing and supportive services) on the co‐occurring pattern of housing stability and parenting stress among a sample of substance‐using mothers who experience homelessness and have young children in their care. The association between the co‐occurring patterns of housing stability and parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors was also examined. Mothers were randomized to one of the three conditions: EBT (n = 80), Housing‐only (HOU; n = 80), or Services as Usual (SAU; n = 80). Follow‐up assessments were completed at 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐months post‐baseline. The dual‐trajectory latent class growth analyses identified five subgroups of co‐occurring patterns: low‐greatly improved housing paired with moderate‐improved parenting stress, low‐greatly improved housing paired with high‐improved parenting stress, low‐moderately improved housing paired with moderate‐static parenting stress, low‐worse housing paired with moderate‐improved parenting stress, and low‐worse housing paired with high‐static parenting stress. Findings showed that EBT was more effective in improving housing stability and reducing parenting stress compared to HOU and SAU conditions, and further, HOU was more effective than SAU. Additionally, children whose mothers reported increased housing stability together with improved parenting stress had lower levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The findings provide support to the efficacy of EBT in increasing housing stability and reducing parenting stress. The observed improvements subsequently benefited children's behavioral outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment investigated the impacts of FA on the proliferation of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Supplementation of 10 µM FA elevated the mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin A2 and cyclin D1, and protein expression of PCNA and Cyclin A1. The mRNA and protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) and the BCL2 to BCL2 associated X 4 (BAX4) ratio elevated, while that of BAX, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 reduced by FA. Both Akt and mTOR signaling pathways were activated by FA. Moreover, the stimulation of BMECs proliferation, the alteration of proliferative genes and protein expression, the change of apoptotic genes and protein expression, and the activation of mTOR signaling pathway caused by FA were obstructed by Akt inhibitor. Suppression of mTOR with Rapamycin reversed the FA-modulated promotion of BMECs proliferation and change of proliferous genes and protein expression, with no impact on mRNA or proteins expression related to apoptosis and FA-activated Akt signaling pathway. Supplementation of rumen-protected FA in cow diets evaluated milk yields and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and estradiol levels. The results implied that the proliferation of BMECs was stimulated by FA through the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new mechanofluorochromic-active AIE non-planar phenothiazine-based dyes (E)-N′-((10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (EPMMBS) and (E)-N′-((10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)benzenesulfonohydrazide (EPMBS), were designed and successfully fabricated using a simple one step aldimine condensation reaction strategy. The synthesized compounds EPMBS and EPMMBS with subtly different electron-withdrawing moieties, have distinct mechanofluorochromic phenomenon via fluorescence color and emission intensity changes upon mechanical grinding. The mechanofluorochromism was supported by PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction) and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) which highlighted the phase transition between the well-organized crystalline and the amorphous phase. Our work could provide a promising way to design more mechanofluorochromic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a key environmental stress that inhibits plant growth, development, yield and quality. Whole‐genome replication is an effective method for breeding drought resistant cultivars. Here, we evaluated the tolerance of Lilium distichum Nakai diploids (2n = 2× = 24) and artificially induced autotetraploids (2n = 4× = 48) to drought simulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress. Autotetraploids showed stronger drought tolerance than diploids, and high‐throughput sequencing during PEG stress identified five differentially expressed miRNAs. Transcriptome analysis revealed significantly different reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenger expression levels between diploids and autotetraploids, which increased the drought tolerance of autotetraploids. Specifically, we identified ldi‐miR396b and its only target gene (LdPMaT1) for further study based on its expression level and ROS‐scavenging ability in response to drought stress (DS). Autotetraploids showed higher expression of LdPMaT1 and significantly downregulated expression of ldi‐miR396b under DS compared with diploids. Through a short tandem target mimic (STTM) in transgenic lilies, functional studies revealed that miR396b silencing promotes LdPMaT1 expression and the DS response. Under PEG stress, STTM393 transgenic lines showed improved drought resistance mediated by lowered MDA content but exhibited high antioxidant enzyme activity, consistent with the autotetraploid results. Collectively, these findings suggest that ldi‐miR396b‐LdPMaT1 potentially enhances ROS‐scavenging ability, which contributes to improved stress adaptation in autotetraploid lilies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer patients may have increased risk of cardiovascular mortality than general population. We designed this study to investigate the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in meningioma patients. Meningioma patients recorded in Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2016 were eligible for this study. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated to present the relative risk of cardiovascular mortality (ICD-10 codes I00-I99) in meningioma patients compared with general population. Fine–Gray subdistribution proportional hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors of cardiovascular mortality and construct nomogram for predicting cardiovascular-specific survival in meningioma patients. Among 94,067 meningioma patients included in this study, 6145 (6.5%) and 16549 (17.6%) patients died due to cardiovascular diseases and other causes, respectively. The cardiovascular disease–related SMR of included meningioma patients was 25.31 compared with the general population. Results of multivariate competing risk analysis showed that age, male gender, race, marital status, insurance status, tumor size, tumor location, histologic type, and surgery options were risk factors of cardiovascular mortality. The C-index of our constructed nomogram for predicting cardiovascular specific survival was 0.730 (0.712–0.748) and 0.726 (0.696–0.756) in training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Incorporating demographic and clinical variables, the nomogram we constructed is effective in predicting cardiovascular mortality in meningioma patients and could guide physicians to reasonably control clinical risk factors of cardiovascular mortality in meningioma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of coagulation, thromboelastography, stress response, and immune function indicators for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following radical resection of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. We conducted a prospective, single-centre, case-control study that included 230 cervical cancer patients and 230 ovarian cancer patients. In the testing cohort, the final predictive model for cervical cancer patients was: Logit(P)=9.365–0.063(R-value)−0.112(K value) +0.386(α angle)+0.415(MA)+0.276(FIB)+0.423(D-D)+0.195(IL-6)+0.092(SOD). For ovarian cancer patients, the final model was: Logit(P)= −2.846–0.036(R-value)-0.157(K value) +0.426(α angle) +0.172(MA) +0.221(FIB)+0.375(CRP) −0.126(CD4+/CD8+). In the validation cohort, these models exhibited good predictive efficiency, with a false-positive rate of 12.5% and a false-negative rate of 2.9% for cervical cancer patients, and a false-positive rate of 14.3% and a false-negative rate of 0% for ovarian cancer patients. In conclusion, the risk prediction models developed in this study effectively improve the predictive accuracy of DVT following radical resection of cervical and ovarian cancer. What is already known on this subject? Nowadays, surgery is currently the primary treatment for gynecological malignant tumours. However, prior to surgery, these tumours often create a hypercoagulable state, which increases the likelihood of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following the procedure. Reports have shown that the incidence of DVT after surgery for ovarian cancer is the highest among gynecological malignant tumours, ranging from 13.6% to 27%, with lower extremity DVT being the most common. The occurrence of embolic detachment poses the greatest risk of DVT and can lead to fatal pulmonary embolism. Identifying the factors that influence the occurrence of DVT after gynecological malignant tumour surgery is crucial in order to take necessary preventive measures for patients with high-risk factors and reduce the incidence of DVT. This is of great significance in ensuring the quality of surgery and improving the postoperative quality of life for patients. What do the results of this study add? This prospective, single-centre, case-control study was conducted to investigate the predictive value of coagulation, thromboelastography, stress response, and immune function indicators for the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) following radical resection of cervical and ovarian cancer. This study included 230 cervical cancer patients and 230 ovarian cancer patients. Based on our findings, current risk prediction models that incorporate coagulation, thromboelastography, stress response, and immune function laboratory indicators have demonstrated the potential to improve the predictive accuracy of postoperative DVT in patients who have undergone radical resection of cervical and ovarian cancer. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our study found that the final two regression models had a prediction accuracy of 87.9% and 87.4% for postoperative DVT in patients with cervical and ovarian cancer, respectively, which is a significant improvement. Furthermore, both models demonstrated high specificity of 100%. In addition, the models continued to perform well in terms of predictive efficiency, with a false positive rate of 12.5% and a false negative rate of 2.9% for cervical cancer patients and a false positive rate of 14.3% and a false negative rate of 0% for ovarian cancer patients. Our models are effective in predicting the occurrence of DVT in patients with cervical and ovarian cancer following resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal cities at low-lying elevations face extensive inundation risks when attacked by extreme storm surges or tsunamis. Efficient and accurate modeling of flooding is critical for reducing losses in economic and lives. Therefore, the paradox arises that the computational cost is usually too high for rapid forecasts when considering the complex topography and buildings. The present contribution presents a subgrid-based approach, which combines the subgrid model and a drag force module, to realize efficient modeling of urban flooding at a high resolution. The volume-occupation effects of buildings are incorporated naturally in the subgrid treatment, and the blockage, sheltering, and frictional effects of buildings acting on the flows are considered through a simple, bulk parameterization in the form of drag forces. The model is validated with a laboratory experiment and then applied to an ideal numerical model at a real city scale. The proposed model is compared to three other models using coarse grids, with high-resolution simulation results serving as the benchmark for evaluation. The results demonstrate that the presence of buildings induces noticeable alterations in the distribution of water level and velocity fields within the urban area. The proposed model yields comparable predictions to the benchmark in terms of inundation extent, elevation, and velocity. Furthermore, the model exhibits minor sensitivity to grid size, allowing for a significant reduction in computational time compared to high-resolution simulations. The model achieves a well-balanced combination of high resolution, accuracy, and efficiency for large-scale simulations of coastal urban flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polarization of light is a valuable information channel that has been studied extensively in optical devices. There has been limited progress in developing low‐refractive index contrast and large‐scale chiral meta‐devices that are easy to integrate and mass‐produce. In this image, a chiral imaging meta‐device with a large area and broadband chirality control is experimentally demonstrated. The centimeter‐scale Moiré meta‐device is achieved using nanoimprint technology. The Poynting vector and singularity features in the near field and chiral optical response in the far field are discussed. The proposed Moiré meta‐devices can achieve circular dichroism (CD) of more than 10%. Further chiral imaging harnessing CD mechanisms are demonstrated, which may lead to significant potential in various fields, including encryption and security, materials science, biochemistry, and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate and analyze the risk factors for non-etiology-specific infantile spasms (IS) and unrelieved clinical symptoms after treatment. Methods: Eighty-eight children with IS who were treated at our hospital from March 2018 to December 2021 were included in the study. The children were divided into etiology-specific (n = 46) and nonetiology-specific (n = 42) groups, based on the diagnostic results, and remission (n = 45) and nonremission (n = 43) groups, based on clinical outcomes after treatment. The clinical data from patients in the etiology-specific and nonetiology-specific groups and the remission and nonremission groups were compared. Risk factors for non-etiology-specific IS were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: Gender, family history, birth status, and metabolic abnormalities were significantly different between the etiology-specific and non-etiology-specific groups. Gender and metabolic abnormalities were risk factors for nonetiology-specific IS. Family history, birth status, metabolic abnormalities, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were significantly different between the remission and nonremission groups, and different etiologies were risk factors for unrelieved symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: The occurrence of nonetiology-specific IS is associated with gender and metabolic abnormalities in children. After medication, unrelieved IS symptoms are associated with etiologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium oxides, which act as nuclei for intragranular ferrite (IGF), are common inclusions in low‐carbon steel. The interlocking structure of IGF greatly improves the mechanical properties of low‐carbon steel. To make the best use of this kind of oxide, the types, sizes, and distribution properties of effective titanium oxides are reviewed that can promote IGF nucleation. The control techniques of titanium oxides are summarized as follows: (1) Ti2O3 is one of the most effective of the common titanium oxides, followed by TiO and TiO2. The type of titanium oxide can be affected by controlling the Ti/O mass ratio in molten steel. (2) Titanium oxide with a size range of 0.4–4 μm can effectively promote the nucleation of IGF or intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF), among them, titanium oxide of about 1 μm is the most beneficial to IAF nucleation. (3) To obtain titanium oxides with effective size, the precipitation of titanium oxides should be controlled during the solidification process, and this process can be achieved with the existing rapid solidification technology. Under the same conditions, the higher solidification rate can obtain finer titanium oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the following parabolic-elliptic chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity and logistic source, u t = Δ u - χ ∇ · (u v γ ∇ v) + λ u - μ u k , x ∈ Ω , t > 0 , 0 = Δ v - v + u , x ∈ Ω , t > 0 under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and suitable initial conditions where Ω = B R (0) ⊂ R n ( n ≥ 3 , R > 0 ), χ > 0 , γ > 0 , λ ∈ R , μ > 0 , k > 1 . In the following two cases: ∙ 7 - 37 2 < γ < 1 2 if n ∈ { 3 , 4 } , 33 - 969 4 < γ < 1 2 if n = 6 , and 1 2 γ ≤ k < 1 + 1 - γ 6 if n ∈ { 3 , 4 } , 1 + 3 - 2 γ 30 if n = 6 ; ∙ 1 2 ≤ γ < 1 and 1 < k < 1 + 1 - γ 6 with n ∈ { 3 , 4 } , it is proved that the corresponding solution blows up in finite time, which extends the blow-up result of Winkler [44] to the case with singular sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine, as a basic nucleoside element and neurotransmitter, plays a variety of roles in regulating human biological functions. Its conformational state and preference are significant for the biological activities. In this work, terahertz (THz) fingerprint spectrum of adenosine is obtained by a broadband air-plasma THz time-domain spectroscopy system in the range of 0.5 ~ 13 THz. The density function theory (DFT) calculation is performed to analyze the vibrational properties of adenosine. The intra- and intermolecular weak interactions related to the vibrational modes are revealed and visualized by reduced density gradient (RDG). The results show that the different absorption peaks in the THz spectrum correspond to molecular specific vibration. The intra- and intermolecular vibrations of adenosine exhibit tight coupling. Hydrogen bonds make important contributions to the vibrations in the THz band. The deformation of the purine ring and different vibrations of the ribose group directly influence the structural changes of the nucleoside and intermolecular recognitions. This research will help to understand the conformational preferences of adenosine and the resonant response to THz electromagnetic waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, steel fiber–reinforced magnesium phosphate cement–based concrete (SFRMPCC) has attracted much attention due to its excellent properties. To apply this new type of concrete to practical engineering, this paper evaluates the effect of steel fiber (SF) content and curing age on the water and sulfate resistance of magnesium phosphate cement–based concrete (MPCC). Specimens containing fly ash and metakaolin and with different SF volume contents were prepared and subjected to curing in air, water, and 5% Na2SO4 solution. The mass change, cubic compressive strength (CCS), strength retention rate, deterioration factor, microstructure, and phase composition were analyzed. Empirical formulas for strength prediction are proposed using range, variance, and nonlinear regression analysis methods. The results showed that the specimens immersed in water and Na2SO4 solution had good mass retention. The compressive strength of air-cured specimens gradually increased with the curing age, and the addition of a proper amount of SF could improve the strength under air curing. However, the addition of SF had a negative effect on the compactness and strength of specimens immersed in water and sulfate solution. SFRMPCC and MPCC had good resistance to sulfate attack, which may be related to the new reaction in the magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have discovered that hsa_circ_0063526 (also known as circRANGAP1) is an oncogenic circular RNA (circRNA) in some human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the concrete molecular mechanism of circRANGAP1 involved in NSCLC is not completely elucidated. CircRANGAP1, microRNA-653-5p (miR-653-5p), and Type XI collagen (COL11A1) contents were determined via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferative ability, migration, and invasion were measured using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and COL11A1 protein levels were detected via western blot assay. After Starbase software prediction, the binding between miR-653-5p and circRANGAP1 or COL11A1 was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Besides, the role of circRANGAP1 on tumor cell growth was analyzed using a xenograft tumor model in vivo. Increased circRANGAP1 and COL11A1, and reduced miR-653-5p were found in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, circRANGAP1 absence might hinder NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Mechanically, circRANGAP1 functioned as a sponge of miR-653-5p to increase COL11A1 expression. In vivo experiments illustrated that circRANGAP1 knockdown repressed tumor growth. CircRANGAP1 silencing might suppress NSCLC cell malignant biological behaviors, at least in part, through the miR-653-5p/COL11A1 axis. These results provided a promising strategy for treating NSCLC malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feathers become hazardous pollutants when deposited directly into the environment. The rapid expansion of the poultry industry has significantly increased feather waste, necessitating the development of new ways to degrade and utilize feathers. This study investigated the ability of Bacillus licheniformis WHU to digest intact chicken feathers in water. The results indicated that yields of free amino acids, bioactive peptides, and keratin-derived nano-/micro-particles were improved in bacteria- versus purified keratinase–derived feather hydrolysate. Bacteria-derived feather hydrolysate supplementation induced health benefits in mice, including significantly increased intestinal villus height and zonula occludens-1 protein expression, as well as increased secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the intestinal mucosa and superoxide dismutase activity in serum. Additionally, feather hydrolysate supplementation modulated the mouse gut microbiota, reflected by increased relative abundance of probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp., decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp., and increased Bacteroidota/Firmicutes ratio. This study developed a simple, cost-effective method to degrade feathers by B. licheniformis WHU digestion, yielding a hydrolysate that can be directly used as a bioactive nutrient resource. The study findings have applications in the livestock, poultry, and aquaculture industries, which have high demands for cheap protein. Key points: • Bacillus licheniformis could degrade intact feather in water. • The resulting feather hydrolysate shows prebiotic effects on mouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate whether implants placed simultaneously with lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) in severely atrophic maxilla (residual bone height [RBH] ≤3 mm) could achieve long‐term survival and comprehensively analyze the factors influencing their survival rates. Materials and Methods: A total of 123 patients receiving LSFE and simultaneous implant placement from 2010 to 2019 and their 123 implants in sites with RBH ≤3 mm were included in this study. Basic characteristics of patients and implants were collected from the medical record system and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were applied to estimate cumulative survival rates (CSRs) and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to detect factors influencing implant survival. Results: The 6‐year and 12‐year CSR of implants placed in sites with RBH ≤3 mm were 95.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.1%–99.5%) and 76.6% (95% CI: 58.1%–100%), respectively. Eight patients presented late implant failure. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that RBH ≤2 mm (hazard ratio [HR]: 20.63, p = 0.000) and smoking habit (HR: 6.055, p = 0.024) were significantly associated with long‐term implant survival. Specifically, the 10‐year CSR of implants in sites with RBH ≤2 mm (53.3%, 95% CI: 27.5%–100%) was dramatically lower than those in sites with RBH >2 mm (92.9%, 95% CI: 81.7%–100%, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Implants placed simultaneously with LSFE in sites with RBH ≤3 mm can achieve long‐term survival. However, caution is required especially for implantation in sites with RBH ≤2 mm. Besides, the smoking habit is also considered a risk factor jeopardizing long‐term implant survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: We describe an iron‐catalyzed amide bond formation from readily available carboxylic acids and isocyanates. This method utilizes an abundant and biocompatible iron catalyst and easily accessible starting materials, generates CO2 as the only byproduct, and features broad substrate scopes with good functional group compatibility. Therefore, it provides a cost‐effective and practical protocol to access a diverse variety of amides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AI-enabled intelligent learning system (AEILS) is able to provide personalised and intelligent tutoring and is more capable of meeting individuals’ need. Nevertheless, limited studies focused on the effect of AI-specific factors on user behaviour. To fill this research gap, we identified the AEILS-specific affordances (i.e. interactivity, personalisation, competition, convenience) and explored their effect on user engagement and foreign language speaking anxiety (FLSA). In this paper, we integrate quantitative and qualitative studies to explore user behaviour in AEILS. Survey data was collected from 457 respondents and analysed using structural equation modelling with the smart-PLS software. The results showed that AEILS-specific affordances significantly affect flow experience and self-expansion, thus facilitating user engagement and alleviating FLSA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to corroborate the findings of the quantitative study. These findings highlighted the importance of technology affordance in AEILS. This study contributed to the literature on IS and education by incorporating context-specific factors into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising energy sources of the future, due to its low-cost, zero-pollution, and high-heat value. Nevertheless, traditional methods of storing hydrogen are commonly accompanied by the risk of leaks and explosions, so how to store and transport hydrogen safely and efficiently is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Solid-state hydrogen storage is the most attractive way to store hydrogen in nanomaterials by chemical or physical adsorption, which has the advantages of high energy density and good safety. Here, a rational Ni–Zn bimetallic MOF has been constructed by a straightforward synthetic technique, in which the Zn atom was partially replaced by the Ni atom. The micropore rate of the Ni–Zn bimetallic MOFs is higher than that of ZIF-8. In addition, the presence of Ni provides more unsaturated metal sites and strengthens the bonding between hydrogen molecules and Ni, effectively improving the hydrogen storage capacity of Ni–Zn bimetallic MOFs. The experimental results show that the hydrogen adsorption capacity of Ni–Zn bimetallic MOFs can reach 1.35 wt% at 77 K and 1 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various naphthalenediimide (NDI) based electron donor–acceptor coordination polymers (D–A CPs) have been constructed and used to explore charge transfer (CT) and electron transfer (ET) behaviors. Up to now, significant progress has been made in the interface contact and electron donor–acceptor ability matching mechanism, while the electronic density effect of the electron donors on the CT and ET behaviors is still not known. Herein, two NDI-based D–A CPs, [Cd2(H2NDI)(IPA)2(H2O)2] (1) and [Cd2(H2NDI)(IPA-OH)2(H2O)2] (2), are constructed using an NDI-based ligand and two aromatic carboxylic acid ligands (H2NDI = 2,7-bis(3,5-dimethyl) dipyrazol-1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxydiimide, H2IPA = isophthalic acid; and H2IPA-OH = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid). UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations analyses reveal that the occurrence of themal electron transfer (TET) in 1 and 2 results from the HOMO of the IPA and IPA-OH lying higher than the LUMO of the NDI. Meanwhile, compared to 1, the UV-vis absorption spectrum of 2 exhibits a significant red shift, which suggests higher electron density of the donor and more electron transfer pathways are beneficial for the occurrence of intermolecular CT. After UV light irradiation, the comparison of the photochromic behavior of 1 and 2 confirms the negative effect of the stronger CT on photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The present study illustrates the delicate modulating effect of electron density on the CT and ET behaviors in D–A CPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum-sulfur batteries (ASBs) are deemed to be alternatives to meet the increasing demands for energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity, high safety, low cost, and the rich abundances of Al and S. However, the challenging problems including sluggish conversion kinetics, inferior electrolyte compatibility, and potential dendrite formation are still remained. This review comprehensively focuses on summarizing the specific strategies from polysulfide shuttling inhibition to form smooth anodic Al activation/ deposition. Especially, innovations in cathodic side for achieving electrochemical kinetic modulations, electrolyte optimizations, and anodic interface mediations are discussed. Upon detailed elaborating the formation process, influencing factors, and their interactions in the Al-S electrochemistry, a comprehensive summary of their causative mechanisms and the corresponding strategies are provided, including optimization of electrolytes, innovative in situ detections, and precise electrocatalytic strategies. Based on such a systematic understanding in the Al-S electrochemistry, the possible electrochemical reaction mechanism is deciphered more clearly and enlightened practical strategies on the future development of stable ASBs. Furthermore, future opportunities and directions of high-performance conversion-based Al-S batteries for large-scale energy storage applications are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PBK (PDZ-binding kinase) is a protein-coding gene that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase associated with the dual-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKK) family. Overexpression of this gene is closely linked to tumor development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PBK in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression, prognosis, and immune evasion. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of PBK to examine its expression and prognostic value. In the LUAD cohort, we analyzed PBK expression, prognosis, mutational features, and immune infiltration in groups with different PBK expression levels. We constructed a PBK-associated genomic model, integrated it into a nomogram, and compared high and low-risk subgroups. In our pan-cancer analysis, PBK was significantly upregulated, particularly in LUAD patients, and displayed poor prognosis. The high PBK expression group had many deletion mutations but still showed gene upregulation. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that PBK-triggered immune escape in the high expression group might relate to antigen presentation, dendritic cell, and CD8+ T cell infiltration. We constructed a 5-gene prognostic model and a nomogram to quantify individual survival probabilities. The PBK-associated gene prognostic model reliably predicted patient prognosis and drug response. Our findings offer new insights into PBK-induced immune escape and targeted therapy during LUAD development, providing valuable suggestions for clinical treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly heterogeneous disease that ranks first in morbidity and mortality. Abnormal arginine metabolism is associated with inflammatory lung disease and may influence alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the potential role of arginine and proline metabolic patterns and immune molecular markers in LUAD is unclear. Gene expression, somatic mutations, and clinicopathological information of LUAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify metabolic genes associated with overall survival (OS). Unsupervised clustering divided the sample into two subtypes with different metabolic and immunological profiles. Gene set enrichment analysis (GESA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to analyze the underlying biological processes of the two subtypes. Drug sensitivity between subtypes was also predicted; then prognostic features were developed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. In addition, validation was obtained in the GSE68465, and GSE50081 dataset. Then, gene expression, and clinical characterization of hub genes CPS1 and SMS were performed; finally, in vitro validation experiments for knockdown of SMS were performed in LUAD cell lines. In this study, we first identified 12 arginine and proline-related genes (APRGs) significantly associated with OS and characterized the clinicopathological features and tumor microenvironmental landscape of two different subtypes. Then, we established an arginine and proline metabolism-related scoring system and identified two hub genes highly associated with prognosis, namely CPS1, and SMS. In addition, we performed CCK8, transwell, and other functional experiments on SMS to obtain consistent results. Our comprehensive analysis revealed the potential molecular features and clinical applications of APRGs in LUAD. A model based on 2 APRGs can accurately predict survival outcomes in LUAD, improve our understanding of APRGs in LUAD, and pave a new pathway to guide risk stratification and treatment strategy development for LUAD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real estate developers in China exhibit different boundedly rational behaviors when bidding in different land auction formats, resulting in deviation from fully rational bidding, and the transformation of China's real estate industry has intensified this deviation. To address this problem, this study establishes a reference utility model and a subjective decision probability model under the framework of incomplete information game to characterize developers' utility distortion and winning probability distortion in open-bid auctions and sealed-bid auctions for land, respectively. The results show that the deviation between bounded rational bidding and fully rational bidding increases as developer competition intensifies. The equilibrium bidding of cost-disadvantaged developers in the boundedly rational model deviates less from the standard model. Moreover, in sealed-bid auctions, the "hiding degree" of cost-advantaged developers is greater, showing size effects, while the bids in open-bid auctions are more complex and affected by market conditions and developers' risk preferences. Thus, this study characterizes boundedly rational bidding in land auctions and interprets the deviation from fully rational bidding, which can provide a more real basis for land auction mechanism design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can generate reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells by activating sonosensitizers under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Nevertheless, its application is greatly limited by low quantum yield of sonosensitizers, high levels of endogenous glutathione (GSH) and tumor hypoxia. Herein, a GSH-activated sonosensitizers with synergistic therapy effect (chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and SDT) are developed by depositing Fe(III)-artemisinin infinite coordination polymers (Fe(III)-ART CPs) in pores of mesoporous TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs). The formed Fe(III)-ART-TiO 2 NPs have high sono-induced electron-hole separation efficiency because the deposited Fe(III)-ART CPs can provide isolated intermediate bands to capture sono-induced electrons in TiO 2 NPs. Meanwhile, Fe3+ in Fe(III)-ART-TiO 2 NPs are reduced to Fe2+ by GSH with oxygen-deficient sites generated to further capture sono-induced electrons in TiO 2 NPs. Based on this, the reaction efficiency between water molecules and sono-induced holes is high enough to generate numerous hydroxyl radicals (•OH) without oxygen participated for overcoming tumor hypoxia. Additionally, through consuming GSH, the generated Fe2+ can catalyze ART to produce C-centered free radicals for CDT. Owing to these characteristics, Fe(III)-ART-TiO 2 NPs show significant tumor suppression ability and good biocompatibility in vivo. The strategy of using CDT agent to modify sonosensitizers offers new options to improve SDT effect without introducing harmful substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet of things accelerates the wireless connections of massive devices to provide all kinds of new services, and thus intensifies the spectrum scarcity and access delay. Cognitive radio (CR) technology brings a solution for the issue. As a typical CR scheme, opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) has been addressed widely in the past decade. However, the tradeoff between two key indexes, the throughput of cognitive radio network (CRN) and the delay of secondary user (SU), is rarely mentioned so far, which ignites the authors' work in this paper. Taking into account a channel handoff (CH) based multi‐channel OSA scenario, the authors first analyze the opportunistic transmission performance of SU, and model the throughput of CRN as well as the handoff delay of SU. Then, the authors build up a delay‐constraint throughput optimization problem, and thus formulate the throughput‐delay tradeoff for OSA. Finally, the optimal traffic rates of SU for a good throughput‐delay tradeoff are derived according to maximizing the throughput of CRN. Theoretical and simulated results show that to enhance the throughput and to reduce the delay do not conflict always. By well adjusting the traffic rates of SU according to the traffic rates of primary user, the throughput of CRN can be improved while the handoff delay can be kept under a given level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant patients with CRC using a large population-based database. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2009 to 2019. Pregnant patients with and without CRC were compared for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and hospital burden. Results: The study included 306 pregnancies with CRC and 40,887,353 pregnancies without CRC. Pregnant patients with CRC were older and more likely to be White. A significant association was observed between CRC and a history of inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of gastrointestinal cancer. Pregnant patients with CRC had higher odds of maternal death (AOR 260.99, 95% CI 33.36–2041.64), cardiac arrhythmia (AOR 13.73, 95% CI 4.21–44.76), acute kidney injury (AOR 32.6, 95% CI 5.29–200.77), severe sepsis (AOR 163.98, 95% CI 22.05–1219.65), and respiratory failure (AOR 31.67, 95% CI 4.11–243.98). Furthermore, the CRC group experienced higher odds of cesarean section (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.05–3.03), preterm birth (AOR 4.16, 95% CI 2.05–8.47), and intrauterine death (AOR 13.18, 95% CI 3.33–52.16). Distinct differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes were observed based on the location of CRC. Pregnant patients with CRC faced higher hospital charges and had longer hospital stays during delivery hospitalization compared to those without CRC. Conclusion: Pregnant patients with CRC are at increased risk for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, emphasizing the importance of early detection, timely intervention, and comprehensive management during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle regeneration is a crucial physiological process that occurs in response to injury or disease. As an important transcriptome surveillance system that regulates tissue development, the role of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in muscle regeneration remains unclear. Here, we found that NMD inhibits myoblast differentiation by targeting the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase regulatory subunit 5 gene, which leads to the suppression of the transcriptional activity of myogenic differentiation (MyoD), a key regulator of myoblast differentiation. This disruption of MyoD transcriptional activity subsequently affects the expression levels of myogenin and myosin heavy chain, crucial markers of myoblast differentiation. Additionally, through up‐frameshift protein 1 knockdown experiments, we observed that inhibiting NMD can accelerate muscle regeneration in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of NMD as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle‐related injuries and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permeability has an important effect on drug absorption. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) on the absorption of ranitidine was investigated to examine the mechanism of permeability changes. The results of a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) showed that increasing the concentration of sodium sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin, 0, 0.12% (w/v), 0.36% (w/v) and 3.6% (w/v), respectively, caused the apparent permeability coefficient of ranitidine to decrease to 4.62 × 10−5, 4.5 × 10−5, 3.61 × 10−5 and 1.08 × 10−5 in Caco-2 cells, respectively. The same results were obtained from an oral pharmacokinetic study in rats. Further studies indicated that SBE-β-CD significantly increased the zeta potential of ranitidine. SBE-β-CD interacted with ranitidine charges to form a complex that reduced ranitidine permeability, and SBE-β-CD should be chosen with caution for drugs with poor permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work withdrawal behavior is a type of negative reaction when employees face obstacles at work. Its negative impact on individuals and organizations has caught the attention of academic circles and managers. In this study, data from 596 full-time employees were collected using two timepoint measurements one month apart. The internal mechanism of the link between obstructive stress and job withdrawal behavior was analyzed, and the combined effects of work control and cognitive flexibility on the negative effects of obstructive stress were analyzed in terms of the work demand–control–personal model. The results showed that negative work rumination played a complete mediating role between obstructive stress and work withdrawal behavior, and cognitive flexibility, obstructive stress, and work control had a significant three-way interaction. The results suggest that more attention should be paid to the role of employee cognition to avoid employees' withdrawal behavior in the face of work obstacles. In addition, when providing work resources to employees, the organization should also consider ensuring that work resources can be fully utilized to play a positive role in buffering work obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal ferns serve as significant natural resources for drug precursors or bioactive metabolites. During our survey on the diversity of endophytic fungi from Dicranopteris species (a genus of medicinal ferns) in Guizhou, Apoiospora was observed as a dominant fungal group. In this study, seven Apiospora strains, representing four new species, were obtained from the healthy plant tissues of three Dicranopteris species—D. ampla, D. linearis, and D. pedata. The four new species, namely Apiospora aseptata, A. dematiacea, A. dicranopteridis, and A. globosa, were described in detail with color photographs and subjected to phylogenetic analyses using combined LSU, ITS, TEF1-α, and TUB2 sequence data. This study also documented three new hosts for Apiospora species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phoma stem canker (blackleg), caused by the fungi Leptosphaeria maculans (anamorph Phoma lingam) and L. biglobosa, is one of the most devastating diseases in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production worldwide. However, the population structure and genetic variation of L. biglobosa populations in China have rarely been investigated. Here, a collection of 214 fungal strains of blackleg from China (including Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, and Henan) and Europe (France and Ukraine) was identified as L. biglobosa. Three simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed to characterize their population structure. The results showed that the Nei's average gene diversity ranged from 0.6771 for the population from Jiangsu to 0.3009 for the population from Hunan. In addition, most of the genetic variability (96%) occurred within groups and there were only relatively small amounts among groups (4.0%) (FST = 0.043, p = 0.042 < 0.05). Pairwise population differentiation (FST) suggested that significant genetic differentiation was observed between different L. biglobosa populations. Bayesian and unweighted average method analysis revealed that these L. biglobosa strains were clustered into three branches, and three European strains were similar to those from eastern China. The pathogenicity assay showed that those in Group III were significantly more virulent than those in Group I (t = 2.69, p = 0.016). The study also showed that Group III was dominant in Chinese L. biglobosa populations, which provides new insights for the further study of population evolution and the management of this pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous cropping severely affects faba bean growth, mainly due to pathogen and autotoxic substance accumulation. Here, we used faba bean monocropping (M) and intercropping with wheat (I), with stress treatments of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF) alone (F) and combined with cinnamic acid (F + C), to analyze seedling growth, defense‐related enzymes, levels of resistance‐associated substances, and protein expression profiles in roots. The results showed that intercropping mitigated the inhibitory effects of FOF and cinnamic acid. FOF resulted in increased activities of defense‐related enzymes as well as levels of resistance‐associated substances. Proteomic analysis showed that 22 proteins were upregulated following FOF inoculation (M + F), and 6 proteins were downregulated after the addition of cinnamic acid (M + F + C) in monocropping plants; these proteins were mainly involved in pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy, and the cytoplasm. Comparison of monocropping and intercropping indicated that the upregulated proteins were mostly associated with stress and defense, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and protein synthesis. KEGG analysis revealed that intercropping increased enrichment in pathways associated with metabolism, ribosomes, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, proteasomes, pyruvate metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. The results indicated that intercropping mitigated growth inhibition by FOF and cinnamic acid by increasing energy production, maintaining normal cellular functions, and promoting the synthesis of defense‐associated secondary metabolites. These findings provide a basis for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of intercropping in controlling resistance to Fusarium wilt in the faba bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protein and amino acids content of oat are higher, and its nutritional composition is close to that of corn, so it has high feeding value. But oats contain anti-nutritional factors, including non-starch polysaccharides such as β-glucan, xylan and cellulose as well as fungal toxins such as aflatoxin and vomitoxin, which have strong anti-nutritional effects. Current methods of reducing anti-nutritional factors in oats include the addition of enzymes and the addition of probiotics or plant-active ingredients. The paper analyses the feeding value of oats, introduces the anti-nutritional factors in oats and their mitigation measures, and summarizes the progress of domestic and international applications of oats in feed for livestock, to provide a reference for the reduced substitution of corn and soybean meal in feed, which is great significant to solve the shortage of conventional feed ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The suitable extraction ratio for commercialized compost is 1:30. • Dry samples could be more effectively for maturity evaluation. • The extraction ratio of dry samples should be at least 1:30 but not exceed 1:50. • Carbon and nitrogen transformations were the decisive factors influencing the GI. • The concentration thresholds of DN, DOC, NH 4 + were 164 mg/L, 257 mg/L, 73 mg/L. The phytotoxicity of the compost aqueous extracts determines the maturity. To improve the accuracy of compost maturity evaluation using the seed germination index (GI) method, different extraction methods (different moisture content and extraction ratio) were designed to obtain samples with various phytotoxic level. This study analyzed the effects of different extraction condition of compost samples on GI, and established the relationship between phytotoxicity and GI. The results showed that the moisture content and extraction ratio of the compost significantly affected the GI. The extraction ratio for the compost with 60–70 % moisture content was 1:10 (ratio of compost mass to extract volume). However, commercial compost, which must have a moisture content of 30–45 %, had an extraction ratio of 1:30 (w:v). More importantly, compost extraction based on dry weight, with a moisture content of 10–15 %, more effectively reflected the phytotoxicity variations during composting. In such cases, the extraction ratio should be at least 1:30 (w:v) but not exceed 1:50 (w:v). The relationship between phytotoxicity and GI showed that dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen were the most important factors influencing GI, followed by NH 4 +, electrical conductivity, K, volatile fatty acids, Zn, and Cu. For composts with a GI greater than 70 %, the dissolved organic carbon, dissolved nitrogen, and NH 4 + concentrations were below 257, 164, and 73 mg/L, respectively. These findings provide an optimized standard method for compost maturity evaluation using GI and a concentration threshold of key phytotoxicity is proposed to achieve accurate control of compost maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRDI) on N-fixing crops available soil P. A three-year field experiment was designed with two irrigation methods and four irrigation volumes. Two irrigation methods consisted of PRDI and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), and four irrigation volumes were set as 70% ETc (alfalfa water requirement), 85% ETc, 100% ETc and 115% ETc. This study showed that the PRDI had no effect on alfalfa seasonal forage yield but increased alfalfa P uptake. The PRDI decreased the soil available P content and stock but had no effect on the total P content and stock, which demonstrates that effect of PRDI on crop available soil P was different when different P forms were used to estimate crop available soil P. This study also showed that the variation in the coefficient was below 3% between soil P (available or total P) contents and soil P stocks, indicating that soil P contents and stocks were similar when estimating alfalfa available soil P under PRDI conditions. The findings of this study present a pattern of estimating the N-fixing crops available soil P in relation to PRDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]