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153. Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Author

Zhang, Xiao-Hua, He, Xinxin, and Austin, Brian

Abstract

Vibrio harveyi, which belongs to family Vibrionaceaeof class Gammaproteobacteria, includes the species V. carchariaeand V. trachurias its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp, V. harveyiis regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricanswhere the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of V. harveyimay be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway. V. harveyimay enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.

Published
2024
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154. Diversity of culturable heterotrophic bacteria from the Mariana Trench and their ability to degrade macromolecules

Author

Zhao, Xiuxiu, Liu, Jiwen, Zhou, Shun, Zheng, Yanfen, Wu, Yanhong, Kogure, Kazuhiro, and Zhang, Xiao-Hua

Abstract

The Mariana Trench is the deepest location on earth and harbors unique microbial communities as evidenced by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. Obtaining culturable microorganisms from the Mariana Trench will contribute to a further understanding of hadal biogeochemical processes and act as a unique microbial reservoir with potential applications. Here, 825 bacterial strains, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were isolated from 12 water depths (0–10,400 m) of the Mariana Trench with 2216E and R2A media at 4 °C or 28 °C on four cruises during 2015–2017. These bacteria belong to four phyla, nine classes, 27 orders, 45 families and 108 genera. Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria_c, Bacilliand Flavobacteriiawere the most abundant classes, accounting for 37.9%, 33.0%, 11.8%, 8.6% and 8.0% of the total bacterial isolates, respectively. 2216E and R2A media were found to have a better selectivity to Bacilliand Flavobacteriia, respectively. Fifty strains were potential novel bacterial species with a 16S rRNA gene similarity < 98.65%, and a higher percentage of novel strains were obtained from R2A than 2216E medium. Additionally, 301 (150 species) out of 354 strains (178 species) selected from each depth could degrade at least one of the ten kinds of macromolecules tested. These results indicate that there is a high diversity of culturable bacteria in the Mariana Trench and they can produce a variety of extracellular enzymes. Our study provides a valuable resource of microorganisms for investigating their biogeochemical roles in the Mariana Trench and for industrial applications.

Published
2024
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158. Unique bacterial communities and lifestyles in deep ocean blue holes: Insights from the Yongle Blue Hole (South China Sea)

Author

Zhou, Shun, primary, Liu, Jiwen, additional, Yao, Peng, additional, Fu, Liang, additional, Yang, Zuosheng, additional, Zhang, Yulin, additional, Du, Rui, additional, Jia, Chao, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Liang, Jinchang, additional, Wang, Xiaolei, additional, Shi, Xiaochong, additional, Zhang, Xiao-Hua, additional, and Yu, Min, additional

Published
2023
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167. Mechanisms of spontaneous pacing: sinoatrial nodal cells, neonatal cardiomyocytes, and human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes

Author

Morad, Martin and Zhang, Xiao-hua

Subjects
Cardiac pacing -- Physiological aspects, Heart cells -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The sinoatrial (SA) node is the primary site from which the mammalian heart is paced, but the mechanisms underlying the pacemaking still remain clouded. It is generally believed that the hyperpolarization-activated current [I.sub.f], encoded by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) genes, contributes significantly to pacing, which in tandem with inward current generated by efflux of [Ca.sup.2+] via the [Na.sup.+]-[Ca.sup.2+] exchanger (NCX), resulting from the released [Ca.sup.2+], mediates the diastolic depolarization. Here, we review the data that implicate [I.sub.f] as the 'pacemaker current' and conclude that there is not only a significant discrepancy between the range of diastolic depolarization potential (-60 to -40 mV) and the activation potential of [I.sub.f] (negative to -70 mV), but that also the kinetics of [I.sub.f] and its pharmacology are incompatible with the frequency of a heartbeat in rodents and humans. We propose that [I.sub.f] serves as a functional insulator, which protects the SA-nodal cells against the large negative electrical sink of atrial tissue connected to it with connexins. We also evaluate the role of [I.sub.f] and calcium signaling in mediating the diastolic depolarization in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (rN-CM), and human induced pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM), and provide evidence for a possible involvement of mitochondrial [Ca.sup.2+] in initiating the oscillatory events required for the spontaneous pacing. Key words: pacemaking mechanisms, SA node, [I.sub.f]/HCN, hiPSC-CM, mitochondrial [Ca.sup.2+], functional insulator, atrial electrical sink. Le nreud sinusal represente le principal site a partir duquel le creur des mammiferes est stimule, mais les mecanismes sous-jacents de cette stimulation spontanee demeurent nebuleux. On croit generalement que le courant [I.sub.f], active par l'hyperpolarisation et code par les genes tributaires des nucleotides cycliques actives par l'hyperpolarisation (ou HCN pour <>), contribue de facon notable a la stimulation, qui, de pair avec le courant entrant genere par la sortie d'ions [Ca.sup.2+] par l'echangeur [Na.sup.+]-[Ca.sup.2+] (NCX) consecutive a la liberation d'ions [Ca.sup.2+], assure la mediation de la depolarisation diastolique. Dans le present article, nous proposons une synthese des donnees qui mettent en jeu le courant [I.sub.f] en tant que<>et nous en arrivons a la conclusion qu'en plus de la presence d'une disparite entre la plage de potentiels de la depolarisation diastolique (-60 a -40 mV) et le potentiel d'activation du courant [I.sub.f] (plus negatif que -70 mV), la cinetique et la pharmacologie du courant [I.sub.f] sont incompatibles avec la frequence des battements cardiaques chez les rongeurs et l'humain. Nous posons que le courant [I.sub.f] fait office d'isolateur fonctionnel, qui protege les cellules du nreud sinusal contre l'importante cuvette de potentiel electrique du tissu auriculaire qui est connecte a celles-ci par de la connexine. Nous evaluons aussi le role du courant [I.sub.f] et de la signalisation du calcium dans la mediation de la depolarisation diastolique dans les cardiomyocytes neonataux de rat (rN-CM pour << rat neonatal cardiomyocytes >>) ainsi que dans les cardiomyocytes derives de cellules souches pluripotentes induites chez l'homme (hiPSC-CM pour << human induced pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes >>). Enfin, nous apportons des donnees quant a la participation eventuelle des ions [Ca.sup.2+] mitochondriaux dans le declenchement des oscillations necessaries a la stimulation spontanee. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: mecanismes de stimulation spontanee, nreud sinusal, [I.sub.f]/HCN, hiPSC-CM, ions [Ca.sup.2+] mitochondriaux, isolateur fonctionnel, cuvette de potentiel electrique auriculaire., Early studies The role of the sinoatrial (SA) node as the primary electrical oscillator of the heart became established with the advent of microelectrode technology in the 1950s. This advance [...]

Published
2017
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179. Granular Reduction of Property-Oriented Concept Lattices

Author

Wei, Ling, Zhang, Xiao-Hua, Qi, Jian-Jun, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Croitoru, Madalina, editor, Ferré, Sébastien, editor, and Lukose, Dickson, editor

Published
2010
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191. New Quality Measures for Multiobjective Programming

Author

Meng, Hong-yun, Zhang, Xiao-hua, Liu, San-yang, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Wang, Lipo, editor, Chen, Ke, editor, and Ong, Yew Soon, editor

Published
2005
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192. A Co-evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Method for Multiobjective Optimization

Author

Meng, Hong-yun, Zhang, Xiao-hua, Liu, San-yang, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Zhang, Shichao, editor, and Jarvis, Ray, editor

Published
2005
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193. Intelligent Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Based on AER Model

Author

Meng, Hong-yun, Zhang, Xiao-hua, Liu, San-yang, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Bento, Carlos, editor, Cardoso, Amílcar, editor, and Dias, Gaël, editor

Published
2005
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200. Mechanistic insights into the key marine dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis enzyme DsyB/DSYB

Author

Li, Chun‐Yang, primary, Crack, Jason C., additional, Newton‐Payne, Simone, additional, Murphy, Andrew R. J., additional, Chen, Xiu‐Lan, additional, Pinchbeck, Benjamin J., additional, Zhou, Shun, additional, Williams, Beth T., additional, Peng, Ming, additional, Zhang, Xiao‐Hua, additional, Chen, Yin, additional, Le Brun, Nick E., additional, Todd, Jonathan D., additional, and Zhang, Yu‐Zhong, additional

Published
2022
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