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Lignocellulosic biomass contains about 45% cellulose. The total reducing sugars (TRS) obtained from lignocellulosic materials is beneficial to the sustainable development. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) provide an attractive alternative for the "green" conversion of cellulose. In this work, series of amino acids based NADESs with FeCl 3 .6H 2 O as ligands catalyst were synthesized and characterized by in situ IR, FT-IR, 1H NMR and TG-DTA. NADESs showed great thermal stability. The efficient hydrolysis performance of cellulose in NADESs was investigated under mild conditions. The influencing factors such as the type of NADESs, reaction temperature, reaction time, and FeCl 3 .6H 2 O addition on the TRS yield were studied. The optimized process conditions for hydrolyzing cellulose in L-Proline/ Ethylene glycol/FeCl 3 .6H 2 O were molar ratio 1: 2: 1, reaction time 120 min and temperature 120 °C. The yield of total reducing sugar was 66.7%. The conversion mechanism was also investigated. Unlabelled Image • Amino acids based NADESs with FeCl 3.6H 2 O as ligands catalyst was synthesized. • The strong acid of L-Proline/Ethylene/FeCl 3.6H 2 O efficient for hydrolysis of cellulose. • The reusability of NADESs for cellulose hydrolysis was tested for eight times without catalytic activity loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal ions in wastewater have brought serious environmental pollution. To improve the detection efficiency, it is important to find useful fluorescent probes. The emerging green natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) offer attractive option for "green" detection for its good biocompatibility, easy preparation, and high sensitivity. In this study, a multi-functionalized fluorescent probe with atomically dispersed EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O in amino acid-based NADESs (l -Glutamic acid/Glycerol, l -Glu/Gly) was synthesized by metal-ligand coordination interactions with a mass ratio of 15:1. Combined with the NADESs and rare earth metal, the l -Glu/Gly/EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O could form the amino site and Eu2+ site fluorescent centers. Under the excitation wavelength of 370 nm, it had dual emission peaks at 425 nm and 470 nm with efficient resonance energy transfer. The stable optoelectronic properties of l -Glu/Gly/EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O under external factors, such as mass ratio (13,1 to 18:1), temperature (30–50 °C), pH (1 to 14) and storage time (>42 days), approved l -Glu/Gly/EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O an excellent fluorescence probe. In the application of water-quality monitoring, Fe3+ and Cu2+ could react with l -Glu/Gly/EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O in different reactive patterns. The blue fluorescence was quenched by Fe3+ and enhanced by Cu2+, thus metal ions could be distinguished with high sensitivity. The detective process was determined and the fluorescent mechanism was also proposed. l -Glu/Gly/EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O fluorescent probe was demonstrated to be an efficient fluorescent probe for metal detection avoiding the hydrothermal process, and the cumbersome of ilter, dialysis, freeze drying. Unlabelled Image • Fluorescent probes prepared from Eu(III) and natural deep eutectic solvents • Multi-functionalized fluorescent probe for Fe3+ and Cu2+ • In situ detection process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ABA amphiphilic triblock copolymer self-assembled into flower-like micelles. • The micelles showed excellent photo-response to irradiation time. • The photolysis rate could be adjusted by changing polymer chain lengths. • DOX-loaded micelles exhibit drug release increased obviously after UV irradiation. The photo-responsive ABA amphiphilic triblock copolymers polylactide-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide with o-nitrobenzyl esters as the photocleavable block-linker (defined as PLA-NB-PEG-NB-PLA), were prepared by controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of D, L-lactide (D, L-LA) using two o-nitrobenzyl groups terminated polyethylene glycol as initiator. Flower-like micelles formed after these copolymers were dissolved in aqueous solution. Introduction of shortened PEG and PLA chains, although resulting in the reduction of micelle sizes, would bring about higher photolysis rate and loading efficiency of DOX. The flower-like micelles showed excellent photocleavage properties, thereby, burst release of DOX could be induced after UV irradiation, which will have potential application in biomedical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree SparrowPasser montanusis an Eurasian distribution passerine bird, which has 9 subspecies. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome ofPasser montanus saturatus. The mitochondrial DNA is 16,904 bp long with A + T contents of 52.56%. The mitochondrial genome is typical circular that encodes the complete set of 37 genes. All protein-coding genes use the standard mitochondrial initiation codon ATG, except for COI starts with GTG and ND3 starts with ATA. TAN is the most frequent stop codon, and AGN and T– – are also occurred very common. All tRNAs possess the classic clover leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer (AGN)and tRNACys (CUN), which lack the “DHU” stem, only forming a simple loop. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

F-type polycrystalline Y2Zr2O7 is prepared by calcination of stoichiometric quantities of Y2O3 and ZrO2 in air (1773 K, 12 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]