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The graphene-supported Pd catalyst was synthesized using the graphene-Pd salt as precursor. Transmission electron microscope and powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the Pd nanoparticles, which supported on the surface of the graphene sheets possessed a face-centered cubic structure and were with the size of 4-8 nm. The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was employed to analyze the catalytic activity of the graphene-supported Pd catalyst. HPLC analysis indicated that the yield of biphenyl was 97% when the reaction only lasted 10 min. The experimental results showed the graphene sheets were great support for ligand-free Pd catalyst.

Surface modification of carbon nanotubes is crucial for the dispersion and interfacial adhesion of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites. Here we present a novel method to construct single-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan composites using phosphotungstic acid as an anchor reagent to modify single-walled carbon nanotubes. The most direct benefit from this method is that this modification is mild but effective: the induced defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes are negligible based on Raman and transmission electron microscopy observations; and homogeneous dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in chitosan matrices and strong binding between single-walled carbon nanotubes and chitosan are achieved. Moreover, according to the results of tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays in vitro, we demonstrate that the produced phosphotungstic-acid-modified single-walled carbon nanotube/chitosan composites have good biocompatibility. Thus, our study provides a feasible route to fabricate biocompatible composites containing single-walled carbon nanotubes for potential application in bone tissue engineering.

Graphene-CuO nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple wet chemical approach. Using Cu(CH3COO)2 as the starting material, CuO was synthesized and loaded on the graphene sheets through the reaction with NH3H2O in alkaline system. Transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the as-prepared sample. The detailed investigations revealed that the nanoparticles, which loaded on the graphene sheets, were pure CuO with the size of approximately 4-10 nm and possessed a monoclinic structure.

We develop a simple and scalable graphene patterning method using electron-beam or ultraviolet lithography followed by a lift-off process. This method, with the merits of: high pattern resolution and high alignment accuracy, free from additional etching or harsh process, universal to arbitrary substrates, compatible to Si microelectronic technology, can be easily applied to diverse graphene-based devices, especially in array-based applications, where large-scale graphene patterns are desired. We have applied this method to fabricate CdSe nanobelt (NB)/graphene Schottky junction solar cells, which have potential application in integrated nano-optoelectronic systems. Typical as-fabricated solar cell shows excellent photovoltaic behavior with an open-circuit voltage of ~ 0.51 V, a short-circuit current density of ~ 5.75 mA/cm2, and an energy conversion efficiency of ~1.25%. We attribute the high performance of the cell to the as-patterned high-performance graphene, which can form an ideal Schottky contact with CdSe NB. Our results suggest both the developed graphene patterning method and the as-fabricated CdSe nanobelt (NB)/graphene Schottky junction solar cells have reachable application prospect., 11 pages, 5 figures

High-performance single CdS nanowire (NW) as well as nanobelt (NB) Schottky junction solar cells were fabricated. Au (5 nm)/graphene combined layers were used as the Schottky contact electrodes to the NWs (NBs). Typical as-fabricated NW solar cell shows excellent photovoltaic behavior with an open circuit voltage of ∼0.15 V, a short circuit current of ∼275.0 pA, and an energy conversion efficiency of up to ∼1.65%. The physical mechanism of the combined Schottky electrode was discussed. We attribute the prominent capability of the devices to the high-performance Schottky combined electrode, which has the merits of low series resistance, high transparency, and good Schottky contact to the CdS NW (NB). Besides, a promising site-controllable patterned graphene transfer method, which has the advantages of economizing graphene material and free from additional etching process, was demonstrated in this work. Our results suggest that semiconductor NWs (NBs) are promising materials for novel solar cells, which have potential application in integrated nano-optoelectronic systems.

The electrical transport behavior of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) decorated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) has been investigated. After decoration with Au NPs, the I on /I off ratios of nanotube FETs decrease and some of the p-type devices even change into metallic ones. The Au NPs decrease the contact resistances between the CNTs and metal electrodes, and accordingly increase the on-state electric currents of the CNT-FETs. The possible mechanisms for the effects of NPs on electrical transport properties of the CNTs have been analyzed qualitatively. Our investigations are closely linked with some promising applications of carbon nanotube hybrid materials in nanoelectronics.

Edge structures and atomic defects can significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of low-dimensional materials, such as nanoribbons, and therefore merit a thorough investigation at the atomic scale. Here, we successfully discriminate single atoms on a monolayered tungsten disulphide nanoribbon by means of time-resolved annular dark-field imaging and spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We unambiguously identify and successfully visualize in motion atomic defects, such as vacancies and edge atoms, using scanning transmission electron microscopy. We also report a direct observation of slip deformation in the nanoribbons and present evidence demonstrating that the deformation process involves the migration of vacancies and rearrangement of tungsten atoms. single-atom defects are successfully observed for the first time during plastic deformation.

Few-layered graphene sheets, synthesized by direct current arc-discharge method using NH(3) as one of the buffer gases, were dispersed in chitosan/acetic acid solutions. FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of graphene sheets that may assist the good dispersion of graphene in chitosan solution. Graphene/chitosan films were produced by solution casting method. The mechanical properties of composite films were tested by nanoindentation method. With the addition of a small amount of graphene in chitosan (0.1-0.3 wt %), the elastic modulus of chitosan increased over ∼ 200%. The biocompatibility of graphene/chitosan composite films was checked by tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays in vitro. The cell adhesion result showed that the L929 cell can adhere to and develop on the graphene/chitosan composite films as well as on pure chitosan film, indicating that graphene/chitosan composites have good biocompatibility. Because there is no metallic impurity in graphene raw materials, the time-consuming purification process for removing metal nanoparticles entrapped in carbon nanotubes is thus avoided when graphene is used to prepare biomedical materials. Graphene/chitosan composites are potential candidates as scaffold materials in tissue engineering.

Macroscopic quantities of silicon-containing fullerenes have been synthesized by vaporizing a SiC-doped anode with DC arc discharge technique, extracted by CS2, and characterized by field desorption mass spectra (FDMS). Besides silicon-cage-doped fullerenes, in the extract some others which are supposed to be silicon endohedral fullerenes are also found.

Large scale production of graphene nanosheets was achieved by arc evaporation of a graphite rod in air. The graphene nanosheets are approximately 100-200 nm wide and the number of layers is mainly in the range of 2-10. Several tens of grams of product were obtained per day. The yield of graphene nanosheets was found to be dependent on the pressure of the air, i.e. high pressure facilitates the formation of graphene nanosheets, but low pressure favors the growth of other carbon nanostructures including carbon nanohorns and nanospheres. Based on this result, a pressure-induced mechanism of formation of graphene nanosheets is proposed. The impurities in the products could be eliminated by oxidation in air.

Owing to the hollow structure of carbon nanotubes, they could be filled with various kinds of molecules, providing opportunities for studying the properties of molecules confined in nanospace. On the one hand, the spatial confinement imparts novel and distinct properties to the encapsulated species from their counterparts in bulk. On the other hand, the properties of the carbon nanotubes are modified as a result of the interaction between the carbon nanotubes and the encapsulated molecules. In this Focus Review, we summarize the recent advances in this field, including structure, phase transition, and chemical transformation of the encapsulated molecules as well as tuning of carbon nanotubes' properties, with special emphasis on the relation between these properties and the size of the confined space.

Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were measured at different temperatures by varying the incident laser power. The elevated temperature of the SWCNTs and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is confirmed to be due to the presence of impurities, defects, and disorder. The temperature coefficient of the frequency of the C–C stretching mode E2g (GM) and that of the radial breathing mode in the SWCNT were determined to be ∼−0.038 and ∼−0.013 cm−1/K, respectively. It is found that the temperature coefficient of the GM in the SWCNT is larger than that of the MWCNT, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, and the graphite. This is attributed to the structural characteristic of the SWCNT—a single tubular carbon sheet with smaller diameter.

Magnetoresistance (MR) and magnetothermoelectric power (MTEP) of iodine-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (I@SWNT) under magnetic fields up to 14 T are investigated from room temperature (300 K) down to 1.6 K. Our results on resistivity and thermoelectricpower (TEP) in a zero magnetic field are similar to those reported by Grigorian et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5560 (1998)] The positive sign of the TEP values indicates that the majority of the carriers in the I@SWNT are holes. The broad enhancement of TEP at temperatures of 30\char21{}200 K shows quasilinear temperature dependence and is consistent with sharply varying density of states near the Fermi level with additional contribution from the spin-orbit scattering in the normal metallic characteristics of the I@SWNT. For $Tl7\text{ }\text{K}$, MR is negative and it decreases with ${H}^{2}$ followed by the ${H}^{1/2}$ dependence at around $H=2\text{ }\text{T}$ which is characteristic for the weak localization. In the range $7\text{ }\text{K}lTl70\text{ }\text{K}$, MR is positive at low magnetic field and becomes negative at higher magnetic field. The negative MR in the high magnetic fields decreases linearly. At $T\ensuremath{\ge}\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{K}$, MR is positive up to 14 T, which could be the result of spin-orbit scattering in the I@SWNT. The MTEP decreases under magnetic field at $Tl90\text{ }\text{K}$. The reduction in MTEP is originated from the delocalization of electron wave functions under the magnetic field. At $Tg90\text{ }\text{K}$, the thermal fluctuation dominates the effect of magnetic fields resulting the MTEP to be the same as the zero magnetic field TEP.

In this article, we propose a simple and reproductive approach to prepare low dimension C60 nanostructures, which bases on the crystallization of C60 from volatile solution on the surface of substrates of different materials. The C60 nanowires that we obtained have a uniform shape with a length from 2 to 10 microm and a diameter from about 100 to 250 nm. In some cases, we could prepare the Y- or T-shaped nanostructures of C60, which may be due to the crystal growth simultaneous in different directions. Besides the nanowires, we have also obtained C60 nanoparticles with a diameter about 100 nm to 200 nm. The formation mechanism and electronic properties of the low-dimension nanostructures have also been investigated.

With Y–Ni alloy and CaC2–Ni as catalyst, large-scale single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were produced by d.c. arc-discharge method. The yield of SWCNTs and the composition of the raw-soot was quantified with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The burning temperature of SWCNTs in air was also determined. On these bases, 350°C was chosen for the first step purification of SWCNTs. Combining with the micro-filtration method, larger than 90% purity of SWCNTs and high purity of carbon nanoparticles were obtained.

An aligned and well-distributed carbon nanotubes array was produced by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles embedded in porous silicon (PS) substrates. Scanning electron microscope images show that the nanotubes form an aligned array approximately perpendicular to the surface of the PS substrate and the diameters of most of the tubes within the array are 10–30 nm. High-magnification transmission electron microscopy images confirmed that the nanotubes are well graphitized and typically consist of about 15 concentric shells of carbon sheets. Furthermore, the strong field emission from the aligned carbon nanotubes emitter by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons was observed.

Field emission characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes were studied by using a simple method in a field emission microscope. The nanotube emission gun works effectively at the room temperature under a threshold field as low as 3.9 mV/μm. A typical I-V relationship of field emission was obtained with a high current density. The observed stable bright spots on the fluorescent screen originate from an ensemble emission from micro-ropes of the single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Atomic chains and crystal of iodine were successfully generated in a controlled manner inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The structure is strongly dependent on the diameter of SWNTs; the single, double, and triple helical structures became quite stable when the diameter of SWNTs matches the certain size. More than three chains of iodine are not very stable, and they often crystallize inside the carbon nanotube when the diameter is larger than 1.45 nm. The crystallization or phase transition in a confined nanospace is thus directly observed, and there is indeed a critical size of the hollow nanospace for the stable formation of the atomic chains of iodine.

A reinvestigation of the reaction between C60(2-) and benzyl bromide in benzonitrile containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) has shown that there are more reaction products than previously reported. Use of a silica rather than a "Buckyclutcher I" column for HPLC purification led to isolation of two previously unattained products in the reaction mixture, one of which was identified as 1,2-(PhCH2)2C60 by UV-vis and NMR . The earlier incorrectly assigned 1,2-(PhCH2)2C60 was identified as the methanofullerene C61HPh by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The electrochemistry of genuine 1,2-(PhCH2)2C60 shows that its first reduction potential in PhCN containing 0.1 M TBAP is cathodically shifted by 100 mV with respect to E1/2 for reduction of 1,4-(PhCH2)2C60, indicating that the addition pattern significantly affects the electrochemistry of derivatized C60. Visible and near-IR spectra of the monoanion and dianion of 1,2-(PhCH2)2C60 are also reported.

We report on a temperature dependence of the frequency of all the major peaks in the Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes, using different excitation laser powers at the sample. The frequency decreases with increasing temperature for all peaks, and the shifts in Raman frequencies are linear in the temperature of the sample. In comparison, a similar dependence is found in active carbon, but no shift is observed for the highly ordered pyrolytic graphite within the same range of variation in laser power. A lowering of frequency at higher temperature implies an increase in the carbon–carbon distance at higher temperature. The relatively strong temperature dependence in carbon nanotubes and active carbon may be due to the enhanced increase in carbon–carbon distance. This enhancement may originate from the heavy defects and disorder in these materials.

We report the gate-controlled rectification behavior in C(70)@SWNT networks at room temperature in air. The electrical transport characteristics can be fitted well with the conventional Schottky diode model. The origin of the rectifying behavior in fullerene peapod networks device is qualitatively discussed. This paper demonstrates a strategy for diode fabrication based on peapod networks.

The electrochemical properties of a series of metallofullerenes with different cages, namely, Yb@C74(II), Yb@C76(I, II), Yb@C78, Yb@C80, Yb@C82(I, II, III), and Yb@C84(II, III, IV), have been systematically investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry experiments for the first time. This article discusses the electronic structures of these metallofullerenes based on the results from these experiments. From previous electrochemical work and the above discussion, it is concluded that the nondegenerate LUMO is a common characteristic of the electronic structures of the higher fullerenes and monometallofullerenes. In addition, the effect of the cage on the electronic structure and properties of the metallofullerene is estimated from the plot of the reduction potential versus the carbon number of the metallofullerene. This estimation shows that usually the electronic structure and properties of the metallofullerene vary with cage size and structure. The cage structure is of particular importance for determining the electronic structure and properties. Moreover, an explanation concerning the abundance and stability of C82-based trivalent monometallofullerenes is given from an electronic structural standpoint.

The electric transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) bundles array have been measured. We report the fabrications and performances of nanoscale field-effect transistors (FET) based on SWNT bundles array. In addition to p-type FET, we present a new technique by which ambipolar FETs can be fabricated. The I/sub on// I/sub off/ ratio of ambipolar FETs approaches 5 orders of magnitude. The reasons for ambipolar character are also qualitatively discussed. Both p-type and ambipolar FETs exhibit hysteresis in their electrical characteristics.

The electrical transport properties of C/sub 70/ and C/sub 60/ fullerene peapods are investigated. We report the fabrications and performances of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on C/sub 70/ and C/sub 60/ fullerene peapods. Most of the fullerene peapod-FETs exhibit ambipolar characteristics at room temperature in air. The origin of ambipolar behavior is also qualitatively discussed. The ambipolar FETs based on fullerene peapods exhibit hysteresis effect in their electrical characteristics.

Carbon nanotubes are promising for use in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. Therefore, it becomes imperative to know the basic biological properties of carbon nanotubes in vivo. We labeled the water-soluble hydroxylated carbon single-wall nanotubes with radioactive 125I atoms, and then the tracer was used to study the distribution of hydroxylated carbon single-wall nanotubes in mice. They moved easily among the compartments and tissues of the body, behaving as small active molecules though their apparent mean molecular weight is tremendously large. This study, for the first time, affords a quantitative analysis of carbon nanotubes accumulated in animal tissues.

The structure of K-doped fullerene peapods has been investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). It is proven that the potassium atoms can be doped at the intermolecular sites within ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ peapods. The EELS spectrum of potassium (K) $L$ edge clearly exhibits the feature of ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ in the doped peapod and consequently suggests $n$-type doping. These results encourage the realization of a one-dimensional superconducting wire based on the nanotube peapods.

Super-long continuous Ni-filled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with cloth-like single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) raw soot produced by the arc-discharge method as catalyst; the Ni nanowires inside the carbon nanotubes are single crystals, with an average diameter of 40 nm and up to tens of micrometres in length.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are complement to each other in many of their physical properties. We report the synthesis of carbon nanotube cables-a form of compound single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes which could have the superior properties of both the SWCNTs and MWCNTs. This compound form of carbon nanotubes consists of a bundle of SWCNTs formed into a MWCNT, and the diameter of the inner most shell of the MWCNT ranges from a few to tens nanometers. The growth of these compound carbon nanotubes cannot be explained readily via existing modes of carbon nanotube growth, but promises a new way for improving and controlling the physical properties of either single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

The electrochemistry of horse heart cytochrome c was studied by cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). A pair of well-defined redox waves was obtained in cytochrome c aqueous solution at an activated SWNT film-modified electrode. The optimal conditions for activating the SWNT film-modified electrode has been determined. The electrode reaction of cytochrome c is a diffusion-controlled process. The peak current increases linearly with the concentration of cytochrome c in the range from 3.0 x 10(-5)-7.0 x 10(-4) M. The detection limit is 1.0 x 10(-5) M. The activated SWNT film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, interaction of cytochrome c with adenine was characterized by electrochemical and spectral methods.

The effect of intense laser irradiation on the features of Raman intensity of carbon nanotubes (CNT's) has been examined. The intensity of the D band decreases and the relative intensity between the G peaks changes with increasing laser power density (LPD) and remain unchanged with subsequent decrease in LPD. This behavior is different from the reversible variation of the G band frequency in the same process of power increase and subsequent decrease. It has been demonstrated that such irreversible change in intensity features originates from sample purification. This result suggests a simple and fast CNT purification method using intense laser irradiation.

(C70)(2)-p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene complex films on GC electrode surface showed two couples of redox reactions in mixed solvent of (1:1, v:v) acetonitrile and water containing tetra-butylammonium perchlorate. The electrocatalytic reduction for nitrite by these films was observed, indicating that (C70)(2)-p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene is capable of mediating the electron transfer to nitrite.

C60-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), so-called fullerene peapods, have been successfully doped with iodine. High-resolution transmission electron microscope observation revealed that ...

Alloying anode materials (Si, Ge, Sn etc.) in lithium-ion batteries usually suffer from a remarkable loss of capacity during the charge–discharge cycling. Herein, homogeneous in situ-grown graphene-encapsulated Ge nanowires are successfully achieved by a simple, completely catalyst-free route via arc-discharge. The Ge@G composite is composed of a graphene sheath and a metallic Ge nanowire core. This unique composite of graphene-encapsulated Ge nanowires is an ideal anode material for lithium ion storage. It can exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a reversible specific capacity of 1400 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 1600 mA g−1 (the theoretical specific capacity of Ge is 1624 mA h g−1). These encouraging results demonstrate that arc-discharge synthesis provides efficient graphene encapsulation of Ge nanowires, and graphene encapsulation is a feasible solution to protect electrode materials for lithium-ion storage.

Anode materials (Si, Ge, Sn, etc.) in lithium-ion batteries suffer from a remarkable loss of capacity during the charge–discharge cycle, and various carbon-based additions have been widely added to address this issue. In this work, we report on a simple, one-step approach for an intercalated graphene encapsulation of tin nanorods fabricated via the arc-discharge method. Our method is fast, robust, straight-forward and completely catalyst-free. The result is a Sn@G nanocomposite comprising of a single-crystalline Sn nanorod core tightly bonded to a highly-crystalline graphene shell. The as-synthesized Sn@G exhibits superior cycling and rate performance compared to Sn@C nanocomposite: a reversible specific capacity of 846 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 200 mA g−1 and a reversible rate capacity of 488 mA h g−1 at 2 C for Sn@G, in contrast to the 130 mA h g−1 and 48 mA h g−1, respectively for Sn@C. Further, the Sn@G possesses excellent thermal and chemical stabilities against a 950 °C N2 annealing and a 12 h etching in hydrochloric acid, respectively, and has a high mechanical strength as evident by the intercalated core–shell structure maintaining its shape intact in resisting the volume expansion during the 950 °C annealing. These encouraging results indicate that an in situ graphene encapsulated tin rods nanocomposite constitutes a highly feasible candidate for use as an anode material.

The via interconnects are key components in ultra-large scale integrated circuits (ULSI). This paper deals with a new method to create single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via interconnects using alternating dielectrophoresis (DEP). Carbon nanotubes are vertically assembled in the microscale via-holes successfully at room temperature under ambient condition. The electrical evaluation of the SWNT vias reveals that our DEP assembly technique is highly reliable and the success rate of assembly can be as high as 90%. We also propose and test possible approaches to reducing the contact resistance between CNT vias and metal electrodes.

We demonstrate that bilayer graphene can be used as the anode of a small molecule organic light-emitting diode (OLED). In our OLEDs, bilayer graphene was used as the anode, Sm/Au as the cathode and Alq3 as the emitter. By applying Cs2CO3-doped 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline to partly substitute Alq3 as the electron injection and transport layer, the electron current injected from Sm/Au was enhanced to match the hole current injected from the bilayer graphene anode and consequently improved the light emission efficiency. The maxima of luminance efficiency and power efficiency reached 1.18 cd A−1 and 0.41 lm W−1, respectively. We think that the efficiency of the bilayer graphene anode OLED can be further optimized by finding a more efficient electron injection and transport layer and/or reducing the hole density of the graphene anode.

A new metallofullerene Sm@C(2v)(3)-C(80) was synthesized and characterized. X-Ray analysis showed that the endohedral Sm atom undergoes a hopping motion between several off-center sites, even at low temperature. In addition, a comparative electrochemical study between Sm@C(2v)(3)-C(80) and Yb@C(2v)(3)-C(80) revealed their different redox potentials, suggesting a metal-induced effect on their redox profiles.

Poly [2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) is an important polymer material. However, the low carrier mobility of MEH-PPV limits its applications. Graphene is a two dimensional material with very high carrier mobility. In this letter, we report increasing the mobility of MEH-PPV by blending it with graphene nanosheets synthesized by the arc discharge method. Both the hole and electron mobilities of MEH-PPV blended with graphene nanosheets increase monotonically with the blending content. The increase can be as high as one order of magnitude at blending content of about 2.5%. Little fluorescence quenching is observed in the graphene blended MEH-PPV.

We have utilized lysozyme to non-covalently functionalize and disperse double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) in aqueous solution. Lysozyme preferentially binds and disperses DWNTs with larger diameters. This is a facile and effective method to fractionalize and enrich DWNTs with certain diameters.

By condensation reaction with 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine), the end of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was linked with sulfonic acid group, which enables much enhancement of the solubility of SWCNT in water.

In this report, we find multilayered graphene, which has good transparency, conductivity and suitable work function, can be used as the anode for the organic light emitting device. Our device structure is Al/glass/multilayered graphene/V2O5/NPB/CBP:(ppy)2Ir(acac)/Bphen/Bphen:Cs2CO3/Sm/Au. The maximum luminance efficiency and maximum power efficiency reach 0.75 cd/A and 0.38 lm/W, respectively. We believe that by optimizing the hole density and uniforming the thickness of the multilayered graphene anode, the device efficiency can be remarkably increased in the future.

Stable single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) colloids in polar solvents, such as water, ethanol, acetone and DMF, have been prepared and the third-order optical nonlinearity of the SWCNTs measured using the femtosecond optical Kerr effect.

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We present a simple approach of tuning the hole doping level of iodine-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes by adjusting temperature, utilizing the structural conversion of iodine species encapsulated in SWNTs.