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The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa, called as sulci labiorum forms a characteristic pattern called as "LIP PRINTS" and the study of which is referred to as CHEILOSCOPY. This is unique to an individual just like the fingerprints. The print patterns show some sexual dimorphic differences in distribution patterns. The study reveals that there is a statistically significant sex distinguishing features in the lip prints. The study reveals among other findings that * All quadrants different -variety of lip prints was seen most commonly in males * All quadrants same -variety of lip prints were common in females. * Type IV was seen most commonly in females whereas Type I, I1 and III occurred more in male lip prints. However the methodology used for recording and studying the prints is easy, economical and convenient. No specialized equipment or training is required to use this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced forensic applications and optoelectronics both heavily rely on rare earth (RE) element activated luminous phosphor materials. We have used a single-phase green-emitting Sr 9 Al 6 O 18 :Er3+ (1–11 mol%) (SAO:Er) nanophosphor to detect latent fingerprints (LFPs) and white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs). The X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement were used to examine crystallographic data. The phosphors showed vivid-green luminescence when stimulated by 378 nm, a near ultraviolet (nUV). The concentration of Er3+ ions is observed to affect the photoluminescence emission (PLE) intensity, reaching its highest value for 5 mol% doping. The optimized phosphor is used in latent finger print (LFP), lip print (LP) and anti-counterfeiting (AC) applications. Under 378 nm excitation, multilevel features of the phosphor-attached LFPs could be clearly identified. The high colour contrast between the ridge and valley lines made for an excellent observation. We have developed simple brush and screen-printing methods for creating a variety of patterns using our custom anti-counterfeit security ink. In addition to this, the obtained AC tags exhibit high resolution and long-term durability. These characteristics clearly demonstrated that the current phosphor is an excellent luminescent material for data storage applications. • Green-emitting Sr 9 Al 6 O 18 :Er3+ nanophosphors were obtained by solution combustion. • Vivid-green luminescence was obtained when stimulated by 378 nm near ultraviolet. • The prepared fluorescent ink is highly beneficial for high-end security encryption. • Anti-counterfeiting labels exhibit high resolution and long-term durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alanine is used as a novel fuel in the solution combustion method (SCS) to produce nanocrystalline Co2+ (0.25–5 mol%) doped gahnite (ZnAl 2 O 4 : ZAO) nano pigments (NPs). A thorough investigation was conducted to comprehend the interaction of dopant (Co2+) and ZAO host matrix, as well as the influence of doping on their structural, optical, and luminescence properties. The powder samples were thoroughly characterized using XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic techniques. SEM micrographs of clearly exhibit the formation of dense particles, voids, and pores in the sample. In addition, tiny aggregates were detected on the surface of more prominent clusters. The nominal composition of Zn, Al, Co and O was assessed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS). The optimized ZAO:5Co2+ phosphor powder demonstrated levels 1–3 fingerprint (FP) features and groove patterns (types 1–5) of lip print that can be clearly recognised, with excellent resolution and contrast, under 320 nm UV light. The appropriate thickening agent and defoamer were added to blue pigment during fabrication to generate anti-counterfeiting (AC) inks that mark on multiple surfaces with high resolution without spreading or tracing. The preceding results suggest that the ZAO:Co2+ NPs can serve as a significant candidate for the detection and individualization of latent fingerprints (LFP), lip prints (LP) and anti-counterfeiting applications. [Display omitted] • Co2+ doped ZnAl 2 O 4 nanoparticles are prepared using Alanine as a fuel. • Nano pigment demonstrated levels 1–3 fingerprint and groove patterns (types 1–5) of lip print. • The prepared fluorescent ink is highly beneficial for high-end security encryption. • Anticounterfeiting labels exhibit high resolution and long-term durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most important step in identifying an unknown person is determining one's gender and as a dentist, the oral tissues are potential sources of information in this aspect. A study was carried out to assess and evaluate the accuracy of cheiloscopy, pulp tissue, and fingerprints in determining gender., Material and Methods: A study comprising of 160 individuals (80 males and 80 females) was conducted. After obtaining informed written consent and recording their bio-data; lip prints, and fingerprints were recorded. The patients' extracted tooth was collected, their pulp extirpated, for assessment of the Barr body., Results: We found that every lip pattern was unique and hence can be used to identify an unknown individual. The occurrence of the Barr body was determined, and all female samples were found to be positive for the existence of the Barr body. In fingerprint patterns, a significant difference was noted between both sexes with ulnar loops and whorl patterns only. A highly significant difference was observed in the fingerprint ridge density between genders., Conclusions: We conclude that the Barr body in pulpal tissue can be considered as the best possible technique for gender determination within the dental tissues. Lip prints did not show any differences in genders and had no role to play in gender determination. Fingerprint ridge density can also be used to determine gender., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.)

Establishing a person′s identity is a very important process in civil and criminal cases. In the field of forensic sciences, the lip prints have been proven to be an imperative tool in identifying a person positively. Today, in India, as well as worldwide, crimes of diverse character are on the rise. Both criminals and knowledgeable elite of the public are making use of stylish methodological measures while committing crimes to put forensic scientist, police, and the public off the scene. Hence, the role of crime scene detectives has become more challenging than ever in this civilized modern world. Dental, fingerprint, and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques, allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, since they cannot always be used, sometimes it is necessary to apply different and less-known techniques. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances related to the scene of the crime or due to the lack of experienced personnel, these techniques might be unavailable; therefore, there is still an increasing need for reliable alternative methods of establishing identity.

Introduction: Lip prints don’t change during the life of a person and are unique. Lip prints are the characteristic patterns of the fissures (sulci labiorum) in the form of elevations and depressions on the labial mucosa and characterises the human being the same as finger prints. Variations in lip print patterns could help in sex determination. Aim: The present study was initiated with the aim to develop a baseline data for cheiloscopy, to investigate the variability of lip prints in relation to gender in two different ethnic groups of Haryana and also establishes the usefulness of lip print patterns in identification of a person. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 40 families belonging to Haryanvi Baniyas and 40 families belonging to Haryanvi Jats. Out of the total subjects studied, 88 mlaes and 76 females belonged to Haryanavi Baniyas and 84 males and 81 females were from Haryanavi Jats. Study material used were transparent cellophane tape glued on one side (24 mm), Black powder (computer printer powder of Oddyessy ), White paper, Digital camera (Sony, 12 mega pixels), Magnifying lens. The lip prints were analysed by using Adobe Photoshop@7.0 software after dividing each lip print into 8 compartments. Results: Lip print analysis showed that the most predominant lip pattern in the entire study population was type IV was found to be maximum. However, separately in each endogamous group, incidence of type IV was found to be maximum in population of Haryanvi Baniyas whereas, in Haryanvi Jats, the incidence of lip prints was maximum of type II.Lip print pattern in upper lip in haryanavi baniyas is type IV in males, type II in females and in lower lip is type IV both in males and females. In case of harayanavi jats in upper lip it is type II in both males and females while in lower lip it is type IV in males and type II in females. Conclusion: The lip print patterns are similar to some extent between males and females of the same ethnic group but varied between different ethnic groups. They serve supplementary tool for identification of an individual along with other modes to recognize the sex of an individual.

Context: Lip prints are very useful in forensic investigation and personal identification. Like finger prints, even lip prints can be instrumental in identifying a person positively. Aims: Indians are closer to Mongoloids than to Caucasoids or Negroids as indicated by the phylogenetic tree. Most of the studies on lip prints are done in their own population. We have compared lip prints of Manipuris with other Indians (Aryans and Dravidians) who are both close to Mongoloid race and are genetically similar. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 students 50 males and 50 females were selected of whom 30 males and 30 females were of Aryan and Dravidian features and 20 males and 20 females showed the Mongol features. Study materials used were Red colored lipstick, Lip brush, Cellophane tape, White chart paper and Magnifying lens. The lip prints were analyzed by dividing them into eight compartments. Results: Analysis of lip prints showed that the most common and the least common pattern in both males and females (Aryans-Dravidians and Mongols) were the same, but the compartment wise distribution of the lip patterns was different. Conclusion: In the present study, it is established that there is no similarity of lip prints from one individual to another individual and between males and females. Regarding the comparison with Mongols, more studies with a larger sample size is necessary.

Introduction: Identification of sex and ethnicity has always been a challenge in the fields of forensic medicine and criminal investigations. Fingerprinting and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques used in this context. However, since they cannot always be used, it is necessary to apply different and less known techniques such as lip prints.Aim Of the Work: Is to study the pattern of lip print in Egyptian and Malaysian populations and its relation to sex and populations difference. Also, to develop equations for sex and populations detection using lip print pattern by different populations (Egyptian and Malaysian).Subjects and Methods: The sample comprised of 120 adults volunteers divided into two ethnic groups; sixty adult Egyptians (30 males and 30 females) and sixty adult Malaysians (30 males and 30 females). The lip prints were collected on a white paper. Each lip print was divided into four compartments and were classified and scored according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: The results showed that type III lip print pattern (intersected grooves) was the predominant type in both the Egyptian and Malaysian populations. Type II and III were the most frequent in Egyptian males (28.3% each), while in Egyptian females type III pattern was predominant (46.7%). As regards Malaysian males, type III lip print pattern was the predominant one (41.7%), while type II lip print pattern was predominant (30.8%) in Malaysian females. Statistical analysis of different quadrants showed significant differences between males and females in the Egyptian population in the third and fourth quadrants. On the other hand, significant differences were detected only in the second quadrant between Malaysian males and females. Also, a statistically significant difference was present in the second quadrant between Egyptian and Malaysian males. Using the regression analysis, four regression equations were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: Cheiloscopy is a technique of forensic odontology or forensic science which deals with examination of lip traces and furrows. This work aimed to study in detail the lip prints of individuals (males and females) in North Maharashtra (Dhule), to determine the most common pattern and to evaluate the differences in lip prints between males and females. Subjects and Methods: Lip prints of 496 individuals (326 males and 170 females) were obtained. The lip prints were analyzed using Adobe® Photoshop® software and classified according to the classification given by El Domiaty et al. The Z-test (SPSS software version 10.0) was used to test the significant difference between males and females for different types of lip patterns. Results: Our study was able to establish the uniqueness of lip prints. C pattern was found to be most predominant, which is different from studies done in other areas. This shows that geographic variation does exist in lip prints with respect to the most common pattern. On evaluation of patterns among males and females, it was found that there were differences in upper lip patterns among males (type-H) and females (type-C), whereas they were same in lower lip. Therefore, upper lip patterns can be considered more definitive in sex prediction. Furthermore, the lateral segments showed more sexual dimorphism than the medial segments. Conclusions: This study established the uniqueness of lip prints. According to this finding, we would suggest the creation of database of a given area or neighborhood, which would act as a guideline or comparative reference in cases which require forensic assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the study of the furrows or grooves present on the red part or vermilion border of the human lips. The present study aims to classify the characteristics of lip prints and to know the most common morphological pattern specific to Mangalorean people of Southern India. For the first time, this study also assesses the association between gender and different lip segments within a population. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 residents of Mangalore (100 males and 100 females) were included of age ranging from 18 years to 60 years. Materials used to take the impression of lips included red lipstick, A4 size white bond paper and cellophane tape. The prints obtained were scanned using a Canon Image Scanner and stored in a folder on a personal computer. The images were cropped and inverted in gray scale using Adobe Photoshop software. Each lip print was divided into eight segments and was examined. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification (1970) was used to classify the types of grooves, and the results were statistically analyzed. Six types of grooves were recorded in the Mangalorean's lips. Statistical Analysis: Association between gender and different lip segments was tested using Chi-square analysis in the given population. Results: In males, the groove Type I' was the highest recorded followed by Type III, Type II, Type I, Type IV and Type V in descending order. In females, Type I' was the highest recorded followed by Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type I and Type V in descending order. Conclusion: Males and females displayed statistically significant differences in lip print patterns for different lip sites: lower medial lip, as well as upper and lower lateral segments. Only the upper medial lip segment displayed no statistically significant difference in lip print pattern between males and females. This shows that the distribution of lip prints is generally dissimilar for males and females, with varying predominance according to lip segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Human identification is based on scientific principles, mainly involving estimation of age, sex, fingerprints, measurement of height, dental records. Just like these methods, lip prints can also be instrumental in identifying the sex which is vital for establishing the identity of an individual. The study of lip prints is known as cheiloscopy. The main objective of study was to find out accuracy of sex determination through lip prints. Method: The study was conducted on 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students of Azeezia medical college, Kollam. Subjects were 100 males and 100 females of the state of Kerala, aged between 18 and 25years. Details of the study were explained to the subjects and lip prints taken and analysed as per the Classification given by Tsuchihashi. Results: Type I was the most common lip print in total subjects and males. Type III predominated in females. Type I, I', II constituted majority of females. Type III, IV, V predominated in males. Conclusion: The results obtained in our study do not prove it to be an infallible method. But it still seems to open a small window to a vast unventured field. The need of the hour is to develop a standardized method to assess and accurately record the cheiloscopic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic odontology is a Latin word meaning "forum" for legal matter discussion. It's an area of dentistry where dental knowledge is applied for criminal and civil laws in justification. It is involved in the investigations to identify recovered human remains. It helps in determination of age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings. Comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records assists in identification. Thus forensic odontology has ignited lot of interest in the recent past that it has become a single positive method for identification in solving forensic cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification plays a major role in any crime investigation. The pattern of wrinkles on the lips has individual characteristics like fingerprints. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. In the past decades, lip-print studies attracted the attention of many scientists as a new tool for human identification in both civil and criminal issues. The lip crease pattern is on the vermilion border of the lip, which is quite mobile and lip prints may vary in appearance according to the pressure, direction and method used in making the print. It concludes by enlightening the readers with the fact that the possibilities to use the red part of lips to identify a human being are wider than it is commonly thought.

Background: Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints, is an upcoming tool for the identification of persons. The lip print of every person is unique and can be used to fix personal identity. Aim: The prime objective of the present study was to ascertain whether the lip prints behold the potential for determination of sex of the individual from the configuration. Methods: The lip prints were recorded by applying lipstick on the lips, then cellophane tape was applied on the lips and the prints were taken. These prints were studied and classified according to Tsuchihashi′s classification. Results: No two lip prints matched with each other, thus establishing the uniqueness of lip prints, Type I and I′ were most common in females: type IV and V were seen most commonly in males- Around 48 females and 45 males were correctly recognized on the basis of their lip prints. Conclusion: The present study is able to convey that lip prints behold the potential of determination of the sex.

Background: The study of lip-print pattern (cheiloscopy) is a scientific method for personal identification and plays a major role in forensic and criminal investigations. Objective: To compare the lip print patterns in Kerala and Maharashtra population and correlate between ABO blood groups. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects, 100 from Maharashtra and 100 from Kerala were considered for the study. Lip prints were recorded, analyzed according to Tsuchihashi classification. The lip print patterns were compared in the two populations, correlated in ABO blood groups. The data obtained was statistically analyzed with SPSS software using chi-square test. Results: In our study, predominant lip print pattern observed in Kerala population was type IV (53%) and Maharashtra population was type II (42%). The difference between the two population was statistically significant (p

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are one among the most important types of evidences at crime scenes because of the distinctiveness and tenacity of the friction ridges in fingerprints (FPs). Therefore, it is essential in forensic science to develop a reliable method to detect LFPs. Traditional detection methods still face a number of difficulties, such as limited sensitivity, low contrast, strong background, and complex processing stages. In this study, MgO-ZrO 2 :Tb 3+ (1-5 mol%) (MZ:Tb) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared via a simple solution combustion (SC) method at low temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) investigation demonstrates that when excited at 379 nm, the produced NCs emits distinctive emission peaks of terbium ions (Tb 3+ ). According to the photometric results, the NCs can be employed as warm light NCs and emit light in the green portion of the colour spectrum. The estimated optical band gap from diffuse reflectance spectra is found to be in the range 4.84-4.97 eV. Regardless of the type of surface being used, the optimized MgO-ZrO 2 :Tb 3+ (4 mol%) (MZ:4Tb) NCs has a strong ability to minimize background fluorescence interference. With high contrast LFP and I-V type of cheiloscopy, these NCs present a flexible fluorescent mark for the identification of levels 1-3 details in forensic investigation., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The lip print pattern is a unique among individuals and thus helps in the identification during the forensic investigation. Lip print analysis in the forensic scene may help in the personal identification. Thus, correlating the lip print with the finger print and gender will create a new room in forensic dentistry investigation. Aim: This study aims to identify the lip and finger print pattern and to correlate lip and finger print pattern for gender identification. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 students from dental institution were included in this study. Of which, 50 were male and 50 were female.. Their aged range between 18 and 28 years with a mean age of 21.3 years. The physiological rest position of the lip print was recorded by the application of red or dark pink colored lipstick over the lips and the imprint was transferred over a white chart sheet through a transparent tape. The imprint of the finger was taken directly on a white chart sheet. The lip and finger print pattern was examined with magnifying lens. The results were analyzed using SPSS software 19.0 (Armonk, NY, USA) and presented as a descriptive statistics. A correlation of lip print with finger print and gender variation was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Results: The study identified higher prevalence of Type II (34%) lip print pattern in the overall study population. In males, Type I lip print (42%) and plain loop finger print pattern (44%) was frequent in the study. In males, the correlation of lip and finger print patter showed weaker correlation and statistically insignificant (P = 0.436). In females, Type II lip print (34%) and plain loop finger print pattern (42%) was frequent in the study. In females, the correlation of the lip and finger print pattern showed weaker correlation with approachable statistical significance (P = 0.083). The correlation of lip and finger print with gender showed weaker correlation and approachable significance (P = 0.07). The association of lip and finger print in the study showed statistically insignificant. However, the association of Type III lip print pattern with loop finger print pattern showed statistical significant association (P = 0.05) by Chi-square analysis. Conclusion: Lip print analysis is a challenging area in the personal identification during forensic dentistry examination. The study revealed the weaker correlation and approachable significance of lip and finger print pattern in gender identification. Future studies should be encouraged in the direction of software based identification for lip and finger print analysis in gender identification. Such studies may benefit this study pattern in more accurate way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic Dentistry is one of the most unexplored and intriguing branches of forensic sciences. It has been applied to variety of cases of civil and criminal, including identification, homicide, fraud, malpractice, professional misconduct and liability. It is the specialty with goal of investigating psychological, physical, chemical and biological phenomenon that can reach human being. Recent addition of DNA analysis to Forensic Dentistry is frequently used in identifying individuals or determining the origin of certain tissues. Since qualified forensic odontologists in India are very few, this paper reinforces awareness among the dental practitioners about the role of dentist in person identification and to awaken the social responsibility of maintaining dental records of all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the various methods of identification, cheiloscopy is one of the most interesting emerging techniques. It is a method to establish the identity of a person based on the presence of grooves on the red part of human lips as various studies have revealed the unique nature of lip prints just like finger or footprints. Edmond Locard of France was the first to recommend the use of lip prints for individual identification. Since 1950, the Japanese has carried out extensive research in the matter. Lip prints at a scene of crime, apart from identification, may help to point as to the nature of crime, sex of the person involved, type of cosmetics used, habits or any pathological changes of lips. Credibility of lip prints as a human identification tool for evidential purposes is yet to be accepted by courts in India as literature reveals very little research done in this field. There is a need to review the various methods of recording and collection of the lip prints at the crime scene and also the means to develop the latent lip prints. This paper reviews in detail all the important aspects of cheiloscopy like its scope in crime investigation, limitations and current research carried out in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forensic dentistry, a branch of forensic sciences, identify suspects with the uniqueness of oral and maxillofacial structures. Lip prints and palmprints are unique. Aims and objectives: The present study was carried out with the objectives of evaluating the correlation between lip prints and palmprints and heritability of lip prints and palmprints among parents and their off springs. The predominant pattern of lip prints and palmprints were also analyzed. Materials and methods: The study group comprised of 35 families from South Kerala population. Participants belonging to the same family pedigree--Father, mother, children of each family were selected. Results: The predominant lip pattern in the entire study population was Type II. The predominant palm pattern in the entire study population was Category 5 in both right and left palm. Lip pattern shows a positive correlation with right palm pattern, but it is statistically insignificant (p = 0.144). Lip pattern showed neither positive correlation nor significant association with the left palm. This study results revealed significant association between lip print patterns among parents and children (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The present study was conducted to find out the heritability and correlation of lip and palmprints in the South Kerala population. Lip pattern shows a positive correlation with right palm pattern, but it is statistically insignificant. Significant association between lip print patterns among parents and children were noticed in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lip prints, like fingerprints, are unique to an individual and can be easily recorded. Therefore, we compared direct and indirect lip print patterns in males and females of different age groups, studied the inter- and intraobserver bias in recording the data, and observed any changes in the lip print patterns over a period of time, thereby, assessing the reliability of lip prints as a forensic tool. Materials and Methods: Fifty females and 50 males in the age group of 15 to 35 years were selected for the study. Lips with any deformity or scars were not included. Lip prints were registered by direct and indirect methods and transferred to a preformed registration sheet. Direct method of lip print registration was repeated after a six-month interval. All the recorded data were analyzed statistically. Results: The predominant patterns were vertical and branched. More females showed the branched pattern and males revealed an equal prevalence of vertical and reticular patterns. There was an interobserver agreement, which was 95%, and there was no change in the lip prints over time. Indirect registration of lip prints correlated with direct method prints. Conclusion: Lip prints can be used as a reliable forensic tool, considering the consistency of lip prints over time and the accurate correlation of indirect prints to direct prints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the sex of an individual from the configuration of lip prints. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 200 first to final year BDS students of K. D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. All the subjects (females = 100, males = 100) belonged to the age group of 17-26 years. Non-glossed lip stick color, white bond paper, cellophane tape, scissors, and magnifying lens were used for identification. Length and thickness of the upper and lower lips were measured with sliding calipers. For all the lip prints, the thickness of the lip was measured at the center of the lip. Results: Overall accuracy by the examiner was found to be 81% (out of 200 participants, 162 were diagnosed correctly) and distribution of lip patterns showed a statistically significant difference between the genders (P ≤ 0.05). For the upper lip, the average difference in lip thickness found between males and females was 3.8 mm. However, the average difference for the lower lip between males and females was 2.9 mm. Conclusion: In the present study, the lip prints of the subjects did not match with each other. The study reveals that lip prints behold the potential of determination of the sex of the person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Identification of human being is always a problem for scientists and is based upon scientific principles. Finger prints, dental data, anthropometry & DNA analysis are the tools used for identification purposes. The new arriving tool in the field of personal identity is cheiloscopy i.e. study of lip prints which are unique for every individual and behold the potential for identification purpose. If lip prints are found at scene of crime, the presence or absence of a person can be ruled out from the scene of crime. Methodology: The present study comprises of 150 students of SKZMDC in the age group of 20-23 year out of which 50 are males and 100 females. Lip prints were collected and matched according to Suzuki & Tsushihashi's classification. Results: The most common pattern found in female was II, while type III was predominant among males. Conclusion: Studies show lip prints have great potential to establish individuality, show gender variation and remain unchanged forever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cheiloscopy is a comparatively recent counterpart to the long established dactyloscopic studies. Ethnic variability of these lip groove patterns has not yet been explored. Aim: This study was a collaborative effort aimed at establishing cheiloscopic variations amongst modern human populations from four geographically and culturally far removed nations: India, Saudi Arabia, Spain and Nigeria. Subjects and methods: Lip prints from a total of 754 subjects were collected and each was divided into four equal quadrants. The patterns were classified into six regular types (A-F), while some patterns which could not be fitted into the regular ones were segregated into G groups (G-0, G-1, G-2). Furthermore, co-dominance of more than one pattern type in a single quadrant forced us to identify the combination (COM, G-COM) patterns. Results and conclusion: The remarkable feature noted after compilation of the data included pattern C (a bifurcate/branched prototype extending the entire height of the lip) being a frequent feature of the lips of all the populations studied, save for the Nigerian population in which it was completely absent and which showed a tendency for pattern A (a vertical linear groove) and a significantly higher susceptibility for combination (COM) patterns. Chi-square test and correspondence analysis applied to the frequency of patterns appearing in the defined topographical areas indicated a significant variation for the populations studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Every person has certain features that make them radically distinct from others. One such feature is lip prints. Lip prints remain the same throughout life and are uninfluenced by injuries, diseases, or environmental changes. Different individuals have specific blood groups according to the various antigen–antibody reactions in their bloodstream. Aim To determine the distribution of different patterns of lip prints among subjects having different ABO and Rh blood groups. Objective To determine the correlation between respective characteristics of subjects. Methodology In this study, lip prints were obtained from 122 subjects (62 males and 60 females), and associated blood-group matching was performed to determine the predominant lip print type and to determine any correlation between lip print types and blood groups. Tsuchihashi’s classification of type I (complete vertical grooves), type I′ (incomplete vertical grooves), type II (forking grooves), type III (intersecting grooves), type IV (reticular grooves), and type V (indeterminate grooves) was used to compare with the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems. Result No correlation was found between lip prints and blood groups. Conclusion No significant correlation exists between blood group and lip prints. Lip prints play a vital role in identification because they are unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personal identification plays an inevitable role in forensic investigation. Lip print is one of the evidences that can be left in the crime scene, which helps in identification purpose. Hence, the present study was undertaken to provide deeper inside view of use of cheiloscopy in personal identification, focusing on sex and age variability of lip print patterns in the population of Rajnandgaon city, Chhattisgarh, India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 (100 males and 100 females) subjects of age 15-55 years, residing in different areas of Rajnandgaon city. The sex of the individual was determined as per the description given by Vahanwala et al. Frequency distribution and Chi-square test were used for data analysis by SPSS 16.0 V software. Results: The most common lip print pattern in entire population was Type I (27.5%). Very highly significant difference was found in the distribution of lip print patterns among males and females in the entire population, group I, and group III, respectively (P < 0.0001). The overall accuracy of cheiloscopy in sex determination was (high) 87.95%, 87.65%, 90.5%, and 80% in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that lip prints can be used as one of the important forensic tools for personal identification on the basis of their age and gender variability among the populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing an individual's identity in post-mortem issues can be a very difficult and tedious process. Lip prints are considered to be unique and thus can lead us to important information and help in a person's identification. Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the use of lips prints in sex differentiation and to test the applicability of Tsuchihashi (1970) classification for identification of lip patterns and Vahanwala et al for identification of sex when applied to North Indian boys & girls. Methodology: A total of 150 subjects, 75 males and 75 females were selected from among the students of Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow while noting the name and sex of the respective individuals. After applying lip stick evenly, a lip impression was made. The lip print was then analyzed and interpreted to determine the sex of the individuals. Result: We found that 93.3% lip prints of males were correctly identified and 96.0% lip prints of females were correctly identified. Type 1' (40.0%) and Type 1 (37.3%) was most commonly seen in females and Type 3 (50.7%) was most commonly seen in males. Conclusion: Along with other available methods, cheiloscopy can also serve as a very important tool in the individual's identification based on the characteristics arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of the lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Lip-print groove patterns have recently been verified as a unique parameter for identification. This study investigated the stability of lip-print patterns over time to validate their secure use in civil and criminal investigations. One hundred and sixteen female lip prints were analyzed and compared with the prints of the same subjects taken 3 years earlier. The old and new lower lip prints of each subject were examined for similarities in the groove patterns in different areas of the lip (lower right, lower middle and lower left), and a score for similarity was developed for the statistical analysis of the lower lip stability data. No significant difference in the frequency of pattern types was detected between old and new prints (P > 0.05). Statistically, 89.6% of subjects showed characteristic typical groove(s) in the lip area(s) of the old and corresponding new prints: 24.1% in the three areas, 48.3% in two areas and 17.2% in one area. This study proves the lasting stability of lip-print patterns over the years in Saudi females and recommends paying attention to the presence of characteristic typical grooves in these prints. Further studies on larger samples, including male prints, should be performed to validate the lip prints for criminal use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Establishing a person's identity is a very important process in civil and criminal cases. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, in certain circumstances related to the scene of the crime or due to lack of experienced personnel, these techniques might be unavailable, so there is still an increasing need for reliable alternative methods of establishing identity. Objective: The objective of the study was to check for any peculiar lip patterns and rugae patterns in relation to the sex of the individual and to analyze the degree of agreement between three observers. Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 378 subjects, which included 189 males and 189 females, in the age group of 18-30 years. Lip prints and rugae pattern were analysed by three independent observers. Results: Lip print of branched type was most commonly seen in females and cross-section in males. Wavy pattern was most common in males and females in palatal rugae. Conclusion: This study shows that lip prints and palatal rugae are unique to an individual and behold the potential for recognition of the sex of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is true that we have landed up in a very sophisticated and modernised era where the technology has outraged or excelled in every walk of life. But still, we are facing many new challenges especially in putting up a hault for the ever growing crime rates. Forensic dentistry proves out to be the major ray of hope where the conventional means of identification goes in vain. Forensic dental identifications, especially in times of manmade disasters, depend mainly on the availability of ante mortem dental records so it is the social responsibility of each and every dentist to maintain dental records of their patients for the noble cause of identification in the event of manmade disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : The lips are covered with grooves and wrinkles, which form a characteristic pattern called a "lip print. The study of lip prints is called cheiloscopy. Searching for lip prints in the crime scene investigation helps in personnel identification and establishment of the true nature of the crime. Objective : This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of cheiloscopy among dental undergraduates, postgraduate students, and general dental practitioners. Materials and methods : : A total of 320 dental professionals completed the survey. The majority of participants (55.3%) were males (and 14.4% were females) between the ages of 23 and 27. Most of the participants were general dental practitioners (36.9%), followed by undergraduates (26.3%), graduates (8.8%), and postgraduates (18.1%). Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints, was known to 36.6% of the participants. Whereas the majority of the participants (63.4%) were not aware of it. Postgraduate (46.7%) students had more knowledge as compared to undergraduates, graduates, and general dental practitioners. About 81.6% of the participants were not aware of the classification of lip prints by Tsuchihashi and Suzuki. Results :Overall, there was a lack of knowledge and awareness of cheiloscopy among all study participants, although they had good knowledge of forensic odontology. Compared to undergraduates and graduates, postgraduate dentistry students showed a greater level of cheiloscopy knowledge and awareness. Comparatively to students, general dentists, however, lacked understanding and awareness of cheiloscopy. This condition, however, can be improved if necessary steps are taken to make forensic odontology a part of the dental curriculum in Saudi Arabia.Conclusion :Overall, there was a lack of knowledge and awareness of cheiloscopy among all study participants, although they had good knowledge of forensic odontology. Compared to undergraduates and graduates, postgraduate dentistry students showed a greater level of cheiloscopy knowledge and awareness. Comparatively to students, general dentists, however, lacked understanding and awareness of cheiloscopy. This condition, however, can be improved if necessary steps are taken to make forensic odontology a part of the dental curriculum in Saudi Arabia., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Abdul et al.)