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Marktsättigung, Erlebnisorientierung und Digitalisierung zwingen die Konsumgüterbrancheweltweit zu einem umfassenden Strukturwandel. Insbesondere im Segment Kosmetik und Körperpflege werden Informatisierungskonzepte wie Augmented Reality, Sprachassistenten und Co. zur Entscheidungsgrundlage für Konsumenten, wenn keine physische Testmöglichkeit besteht. Für Hersteller von Konsumgütern ist es daher erfolgskritisch zu wissen, welche Kriterien die Entscheidungen und Erfahrungen der Konsumenten online bestimmen. Auf Basis dieser Problemskizze ist es das Ziel der Forschungsarbeit, Rahmenbedingungen und Einflussfaktoren von Online Customer Experience abzubilden, um für Theorie und Praxis gültige Erfolgsfaktoren für das Konzept zu entwickeln.

Arne Bünger leistet mit den Ergebnissen seiner Untersuchungen der Innovations- und Adaptionsfähigkeit, der Nachhaltigkeitsorientierung sowie der Identifizierung von verschiedenen Akteurstypen in der Schweine- und Geflügelproduktion einerseits und der Algen- und Insektenproduktion andererseits einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von sozio-technischen Transformationen und stärkt den bislang unterrepräsentierten Raum- und Akteursbezug in der Transformationsforschung. Dies und eine Analyse von Innovationspotenzialen und Nachhaltigkeitsorientierung im tri-nationalen Vergleich tragen zur Schließung von aktuellen Forschungslücken bei.

Als Unternehmen in den Händen seiner Mitarbeiter, die es demokratisch führen und Anspruch auf den Gewinn haben, wurde die sogenannte Produktivgenossenschaft historisch vielfach mit der Hoffnung auf einen neuen Kapitalismus verknüpft. Die Ökonomik postulierte hingegen, dass der Unternehmenstyp zwangsläufig zum Scheitern verurteilt sei. Nachdem empirisch gezeigt worden ist, dass solche Betriebe in der Regel sehr stabil operieren, bestand lange eine Erklärungslücke zwischen Theorie und Empirie. Clemens Schimmele trägt zur Schließung dieser Lücke bei, indem er kritische Abläufe in sieben Best-Practice-Beispielen in den USA näher beleuchtet und mittels neuer Theorieansätze erklärt, wie demokratische Unternehmen erfolgreich sein können.

This two-volume work is intended to map the theoretical heartland of the institutionalist perspective on political economy. Volume I,'Foundations of Institutional Thought', identifies the origins of institutional economics and explores the primary analytical tools in its development. The papers included in Volume II,'Institutional Theory and Policy', consider basic economic processes, institutions for stabilizing and planning economic activities, the role of power and accountability, and emerging global interdependence. Marc R. Tool is the editor of'Journal of Economic Issues'.

Viola Hellge zeigt Ansatzpunkte und Rahmenbedingungen für das Personalmanagement in Unternehmensclustern anhand empirischer Analysen von Clusterfallstudien auf und befragt Clusterexperten. Sie formuliert Anforderungen an die strategische Ausgestaltung von Personalmanagement in Clustern und identifiziert relevante Akteure, z.B. Clustermanagements und Stakeholder. Die Ansätze verdeutlichen, welche Aktivitäten in Clusterentwicklungsphasen relevant sind. Abschließend werden Best-Practice-Beispiele aufgezeigt.

Since the Global Financial Crisis, economics has been under greater public scrutiny, revealing a crisis in the discipline. This represented a potential turning point on how economics should be thought and taught. Heterodox economics has played a prominent role in these discussions revolving around new economics thinking and pluralism in economics. Yet, its identity, aspirations, and pedagogy remain underexplored, contested, and somewhat opaque.This volume brings together sixteen interviews with leading economists to understand what heterodox economics is. How and why does an economist become heterodox? In which way do heterodox economists see themselves as ‘different'from mainstream economics? The interviews shed light on what problems heterodox economists perceive in the mainstream; elucidate the different contexts under which they operate in higher education; and provide insights on their ontology and methodology. The reader will also find answers to the following questions about the nature and state of heterodox economics: Do heterodox economists have particular intellectual journeys, motives and aspirations? Is this reflected in their teaching practices and strategies to achieve social change? What is the relation between heterodox economics and the humanities and arts?Appealing to a diverse audience, including philosophers, sociologists and historians of economic thought, the book will be of great interest to anyone keen to find out more about the internal discussions in the economics discipline.

Basierend auf einem multi-theoretischen Ansatz untersucht Judith Terstriep die Wirkung regionaler Cluster auf die Innovativität von Unternehmen. Die Analyse nutzt Befragungsdaten von Unternehmen aus zwei Software- und IT-Service Clustern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass intensive Interaktionen zwischen den im Cluster organisierten Akteuren das Entstehen von Innovationskooperationen fördert. Dies gilt vor allem für Unternehmen, die über eine hohe Absorptionsfähigkeit verfügen. Diese Kooperationen steigern jedoch nicht unmittelbar den unternehmerischen Innovationserfolg. Wie Unternehmen die vorhandenen Potenziale einer Clustermitgliedschaft besser nutzen können und welchen Beitrag das Clustermanagement dazu leisten kann, veranschaulicht die Autorin in ihren Handlungsempfehlungen.

Die Offenlegung von sensiblen, betriebsinternen Kosteninformationen in zwischenbetrieblichen Kooperationen birgt ein typisches Controlling-Problem, auch wenn in einem untypischen Anwendungsfall, in sich. Mariya Antoniou präsentiert eine bislang fehlende systematische Übertragung und Anpassung des Controlling-Instrumentariums auf eine zwischenbetriebliche Problematik. Aufgrund der gewonnenen fundierten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zu dieser „Grauzone“ des Rechnungswesens leitet die Autorin konkrete Ausgestaltungsempfehlungen ab.

‘This is the second book of a two-volume set that continues Adam Smith's work, using the tools mathematical, experimental, and behavioural economists have developed since 1776. As in the first volume, markets are not the central organising principle. Instead, attention centres on social institutions and the division of labour that they enable. The book studies this via the endogenous division of labour that existing institutions help form. The first book in the series examined this problem deeply, resorting minimally to formal mathematical modelling; the second volume is where the formal modelling blossoms. General equilibrium theory meets network theory and receives a breath of fresh air, including a new viewpoint on economic inequality, the newly resurgent bane of capitalism. What I said for the first volume applies to this second volume equally: if you care to understand the economy, this book belongs to your bookshelf.'—Dimitrios Diamantaras, Temple University,Philadelphia, USAThis textbook introduces and develops new tools to understand the recent economic crisis and how desirable economic policies can be adopted. Gilles provides new institutional concepts for wealth creation, such as network economies, which are based on the social division of labour.This second volume introduces mathematical theories of the endogenous formation of social divisions of labour through which economic wealth is created. Gilles also investigates the causes of inequality in the social division of labour under imperfectly competitive conditions. These theories frame a comprehensive, innovative and consistent perspective on the functioning of the twenty-first century global economy, explaining many of its failings. Suitable reading for advanced undergraduate, MSc and postgraduate students in microeconomic analysis, economic theory and political economy.

China is currently the front-runner on the global crowdfunding market, even though this form of financing originated in the USA. Crowdfunding in China, however, differs significantly from its counterpart in the West. This book reveals that Chinese crowdfunding is a product of the country's dynamic internet sector, which is based on mobile internet, e-commerce, and online/mobile payments, together with significant government support. The author presents a comprehensive theoretical, empirical and field-based work on crowdfunding in China. Adopting a new institutional economics approach, it maps and deciphers the origins and paths of informal finance that have led to internet finance and the rise of crowdfunding platforms. In addition, three case studies are analyzed and their implications for crowdfunding stakeholders in China are discussed.

Although the economy has always been changing, ever more innovations now seem to accelerate the transformation process. Are there any laws governing the incessant global change? Does it accord with our intentions and desires and make us happier? Do our institutions and our democracies cope with the challenges? How does economic theory explain what is going on? In this volume, experts in the field discuss the advances that evolutionary economics has made in exploring questions like these. The broad range of topics include a review of the development of the field: its conceptual and methodological characteristics are outlined; problems posed by macroeconomic evolution and the institutional challenges are highlighted; and, last but not least, the implications of the evolution of the economy for wellbeing and sustainability are addressed. Taken together, the contributions demonstrate the potential of an evolutionary paradigm for making sense of economic change and for assessing its consequences.

Julika Baumann Montecinos beschreibt Moralkultur als relevanten Faktor für die wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit einer Gesellschaft und behandelt damit ein Themenfeld, das die ökonomische Standardtheorie bisher systematisch ausblendet. Kulturübergreifend identifiziert die Autorin moralkulturelle Aspekte, die ein Zustandekommen vorteilhafter Transaktionen zwischen Wirtschaftsakteuren begünstigen und zieht daraus Konsequenzen für Kooperationsbeziehungen in globalen Ökonomien. Mit der Konzeption von Moralkultur als Kapitalform leistet die Autorin nicht nur einen Beitrag zur Verortung von Kultur in der Ökonomik und damit zu einer metaphysischen vollständigeren Abbildung komplexer wirtschaftlicher Realitäten, sondern eröffnet auch neue Perspektiven für ein transkulturelles Management in globalen Wertschöpfungsketten von Unternehmen.

Michael John untersucht das ausbalancierte Verhältnis von Vertrauen und Kontrolle zur Sicherstellung von Kooperationserfolg und Kooperationszufriedenheit in interdisziplinären Forschungsverbünden. Er zeigt, dass Vertrauen einen zweifachen Sonderstatus innehat, da es einerseits den positiven Effekt von Kontrolle auf Nachhaltigkeit verstärkt (Augmentation) und andererseits den Kontrolleffekt teilweise auch zu vermitteln hilft (Mediation). Als dritter Erfolgsfaktor wird Reputation (Kompetenz & Benevolenz) herausgearbeitet. Mit Stars, Fighters, Good Buddies und Predators wird zudem eine sozialkapitalfundierte individuelle Kooperationstypologie interdisziplinärer Verbundforschung clusteranalytisch bestätigt und ausführlich beschrieben.

As we tour the 400 year history of capitalism through its various phases of development, financial system instability is always there lurking in the shadows. The historical record attests that the processes of aggregating capital for real investment are inescapably vulnerable to risk, manic speculation, unserviceable debt, and crises; and with each episode of instability, a trail of devastation follows. Economic historians such as Hyman Minsky, Charles Kindleberger and others have studied this history and have exposed certain boom-bust patterns that have a way of stubbornly repeating themselves.This book posits that the large-scale financial crises that the world has experienced over the last 30 years are more or less the latest segments in this narrative, but with some distinct characteristics. In the period spanning the stock market crash of 1987 to the banking crisis of 2008 and its aftermath – the Greenspan Era – there were key institutional and ideological developments rooted in contemporary neoliberalism that have reshaped the historic rise-and-fall patterns to become more severe and widespread. In this important volume, Magnuson suggests the next episode will be a massive financial cyclone that will send us all tumbling toward a perilous future.

Luigi L. Pasinetti (born 1930) is arguably the most influential of the second generation of the Cambridge Keynesian School of Economics, both because of his achievements and his early involvement with the direct pupils of John Maynard Keynes. This comprehensive intellectual biography traces his research from his early groundbreaking contribution in the field of structural economic dynamics to the ‘Pasinetti Theorem'. With scientific outputs spanning more than six decades (1955–2017), Baranzini and Mirante analyse the impact of his research work and roles at Cambridge, the Catholic University of Milan and at the new University of Lugano. Pasinetti's whole scientific life has been driven by the desire to provide new frameworks to explain the mechanisms of modern economic systems, and this book assesses how far this has been achieved.

Alexander Wulf betrachtet in diesem Buch mit Hilfe ökonomischer Methoden die Bedeutung des Wirtschaftsrechts für die volkswirtschaftliche Entwicklung und das Wirtschaftsleben. Um die historische und gegenwärtige Entwicklung des öffentlichen Wirtschaftsrechts, des Wirtschaftsprivatrechts und des Wirtschaftsstrafrechts zu erforschen, verwendet der Autor ökonometrische Modelle und ökonomische Fallstudien. In den vorgestellten empirischen Analysen wird deutlich, dass solche Untersuchungen einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Rechts- und Wirtschaftspolitik leisten.

Eine gemeinsame Wertebasis stellt in transnationalen Unternehmen eine wichtige Ressource zur Steuerung der internen Zusammenarbeit dar. Annika Elsner erläutert konkrete Wirkungspotenziale von Werten und ihre Bedeutung als Schlüsselfaktor in der transnationalen Unternehmensführung. Die Autorin setzt sich auf Basis einer empirischen Untersuchung mit den Funktionen von Werten für die Steuerung der internen Kooperationsbeziehungen in transnationalen Unternehmen auseinander. Ihre Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Bedeutung von sozialen Werten in diesem Kontext zukünftig weiterhin steigen wird.

Recent applications of evolutionary game theory in the merging fields of the mathematical and social sciences are brilliantly portrayed in this book, which highlights social physics and shows how the approach can help to quantitatively model complex human–environmental–social systems.First, readers are introduced to the fundamentals of evolutionary game theory. The two-player, two-strategy game, or the 2 × 2 game, is presented as an archetype to help understand the difficulty of cooperating for survival against defection in common social contexts. Subsequently, the book explains the theoretical background of the multi-player, two-strategy game, which may be more widely applicable than the 2 × 2 game for social dilemmas. The latest applications of 2 × 2 games are also discussed to explore how integrated reciprocity mechanisms can solve social dilemmas.In turn, the book describes two practical areas in which evolutionary game theory has been applied. The first concerns traffic flow analysis. In conventional interpretations, traffic flow can be understood by means of fluid dynamics, in which the flow of vehicles is evaluated as a continuum body. Such a simple idea, however, does not work well in reality, particularly if a driver's decision-making process is considered. Various dilemmas involve complex structures that depend primarily on traffic density, a revelation that should help establish a practical solution for reducing traffic congestion.Second, the book provides keen insights into how powerful evolutionary game theory can be in the context of epidemiology. Both approaches, quasi-analytical and multi-agent simulation, can clarify how an infectious disease such as seasonal influenza spreads across a complex social network, which is significantly affected by the public attitude toward vaccination. A methodology is proposed for the optimum design of a public vaccination policy incorporating subsidies to efficiently increase vaccination coverage while minimizing the social cost.

The notion of endogenous innovation as the outcome of the creative response of firms to out-of-equilibrium conditions is the cornerstone of the new evolutionary complexity. In this book, Cristiano Antonelli elaborates, applies and tests, with his colleagues, the Schumpeterian framework established in the author's previous work Endogenous Innovation: The Economics of an Emergent System Property.The author carefully explores the role of the reactivity of firms to out-of-equilibrium conditions with a unique mix of econometric tools and simulation techniques. He examines the central role of knowledge externalities in shaping the likelihood of creative responses, and hence the generation of new knowledge and the introduction of innovations, as an alternative to adaptive responses that lead the system to equilibrium with no growth. In so doing, he confirms that innovation is the outcome of the interaction between individual decision-making and the endogenous and path-dependent properties of the system into which firms are embedded.This original and insightful work will be required reading for all those working on evolutionary economics, complexity economics, and the economics of innovation and knowledge.

This textbook introduces and develops new tools to understand the recent economic crisis and how desirable economic policies can be adopted. Gilles provides new institutional concepts for wealth creation, such as network economies, which are based on the social division of labour. This volume investigates the formation of networks and hierarchical authority organisations, with a focus on the role of trust. Gilles also looks at the theory of growth and development, using real world examples and problem sets to put into practice. This title is suitable reading for undergraduate, MSc and postgraduate students in microeconomic analysis, economic theory and political economy.

This book discusses the economics of transport infrastructure and the economic theorizing around transport infrastructure from 1850 to today. Transport infrastructure systems are continuously evolving over time. Since the mid-1800s these systems have grown in complexity and outreach. They have been important drivers of economic development but have also been important as economic agents in themselves. Over time transport infrastructure systems have taken on different functions as providers of simpler transport services or more developed value chain components. Transport infrastructure has also been a source for different arguments about economic theory and practice. Transport infrastructure systems are analysed from an institutional perspective where the long-term development of the ownership and financing of the systems, as well as the connection to different policy areas are elaborated. A longitudinal study of Sweden's transport infrastructurepolicy is used to exemplify driving factors causing change and transformation of the systems over time with different scale and scope.

This book traces regional income inequality in Spain during the transition from a pre-industrial society to a modern economy, using the Spanish case to shed further light on the challenges that emerging economies are facing today. Regional inequality is currently one of the most pressing problems in the European Union, and this text presents a novel dataset covering 150 years to analyse long-run trends in regional per capita GDP.Spatial clustering and a new economic geography approach also contribute to the historical analysis provided, which points to the role played by spatial externalities and their growing relevance over time. To identify the presence of spatial dependence is crucial, not only for getting a better understanding of distribution dynamics, but also for economic policy purposes.What are the potential causes behind the disparities in regional per capita income and productivity? The authors answer this by comparing results with evidence available for othercountries, chiefly France, Italy and Portugal, but is of global relevance.

When the Act of Union was passed in 1707, Scottish parliament was dissolved and the nation's capital became London. While the general public balked at the perceived unfairness of the treaty, the majority of Scottish ministers seemed satisfied with its terms. This book offers an explanation of how that outcome came about. By examining the influence of a particular strain of mercantilist thought, Ramos demonstrates how the negotiations preceding the passage of the Act of Union were shaped by ideas of value, wealth, trade and power, and, accordingly, how the model of positive balance was used to justify the necessity of the Act.Utilizing contemporary evidence from the English and Scottish ministers involved, this book explores alternative arguments regarding the Union, from before 1707 and in early Scottish political economy, thus highlighting the differing economic and political views that have persisted between England and Scotland for centuries. With twenty-first century discontent leading to the Scottish independence referendum and arguments that persist in the wake of the Brexit decision, Ramos produces timely research that investigates ideas of protectionism that feed into mercantilist economic thought.

This book examines the role of experts and expertise in the dynamics of globalisation since the mid-nineteenth century. It shows how engineers, scientists and other experts have acted as globalising agents, providing many of the materials and institutional means for world economic and technical integration. Focusing on the study of international connections, Technology and Globalisation illustrates how expert practices have shaped the political economies of interacting countries, entire regions and the world economy. This title brings together a range of approaches and topics across different regions, transcending nationally-bounded historical narratives. Each chapter deals with a particular topic that places expert networks at the centre of the history of globalisation. The contributors concentrate on central themes including intellectual property rights, technology transfer, tropical science, energy production, large technological projects, technical standards and colonial infrastructures. Many also consider methodological, theoretical and conceptual issues.

This uniquely interdisciplinary volume analyzes the challenges posed by the heterogeneity of the world where radically different players are crammed into increasingly limited political, commercial, social, and ecological space. The rapid rise of Communist Party-ruled China is posing serious challenges to the postwar politico-economic architecture dominated by the United States. Russia, once expected to become a partner of the liberal Western international order, has started behaving in an increasingly unilateral fashion. The developing world is more characterized by failed governance rather than convergence to liberal democracies as was hoped by many Western authors. Given links provided by low-cost carriers, the Internet, and trade and investment, we simply cannot shield ourselves from influences, whether benign or malign, from neighbors on this planet.The authors, including political scientists, economists, social physicists, and experts on complexitytheory and informatics, examine how interactions among actors with different properties can cause problems, and they analyze risks resulting from the interactions. While employing a variety of approaches to address topics such as economic interdependence among democracies and authoritarian states, the development assistance regimes, internal conflicts in developing countries, and cyber security, the whole volume presents a clear overview of challenges and risks the world is facing. This work makes a valuable contribution to students of social sciences as well as to practitioners interested in the emerging global order.

This upper level textbook provides a coherent introduction to the economic implications of individual and population ageing. Placing economic considerations into a wider social sciences context, this is ideal reading not only for advanced undergraduate and masters students in economics, health economics and the economics of ageing, but also policy makers, students, professionals and practitioners in gerontology, sociology, health-related sciences and social care.This volume discusses the fiscal implications of ageing, health economics and long-term care. Fiscal policy issues include generational accounting and national transfer accounts, the relationship between ageing, public expenditure and fiscal policy, the age profiles of public expenditures and taxes, and the relationship between ageing, capital and labour taxation. Health economics with regard to ageing comprises healthy and disability-free life expectancy, the relationship between health inequalities and age, the macroeconomic implications of population health, the socio-economic determinants of health, the interaction between ageing and both individual and aggregate health expenditure, and economic approaches to valuing later life. This volume closes with an exposition of the economics of formal and informal care, as well as questions around insurance, risk and the so-called `sandwich generation'.

This upper level textbook provides a coherent introduction to the economic implications of individual and population ageing. Placing economic considerations into a wider social sciences context, this is ideal reading not only for advanced undergraduate and masters students in economics, health economics and the economics of ageing, but also policy makers, students, professionals and practitioners in gerontology, sociology, health-related sciences and social care.This volume introduces the different conceptualisations of age and definitions of `old age', as well as the main theories of individual ageing as developed in the disciplines of biology, psychology and sociology. It covers the economic theories of fertility, mortality and migration and describes the four main frameworks that can be used to study economics and ageing, namely the life cycle, the overlapping generations, the perpetual youth and the dynastic models.

I'Ve live in an astornshingly complex world, Yet what we do in our everyday lives seems simple enough. Most of us conform to society's rules, pursue familiar strategies, and achieve reasonably predictable outcomes. In our role as economic agents, we simply peddle our wares and earn our daily bread as best we can.So where on earth does this astonishing complexity come from? Much of it is ubiquitous in nature, to be sure, but part of it lies within and between us. Part of it comes from those games of interaction that humans play—games against nature, games against each other, games of competition, games of cooperation. In bygone eras, people simply hunted and gathered to come up with dinner. Today you can find theoretical economists scratching mysterious equations on whiteboards (not even blackboards) and getting paid to do this. In the modern economy, most of us make our living in a niche created for us by what others do. Because we've become more dependent on each other, our economy as a whole has become more strongly interactive.

The 1930s, characterised by repercussions from World War I and the Great Depression, was an era of populism, nationalism, protectionism, government intervention and attempts to create planned economies. The perceived need for economic planning emerged in Sweden in part due to the increasing political strength of the Social Democrats and their evolution from a party hampered by Marxist fatalism to a pragmatic mass movement. The Swedish debate continued beyond World War II and is still relevant to today's economic crises, which have resulted in a demand for action coming from below (populism) and above (elitism).Carlson surveys the arguments for and against economic planning as they were put forward by leading Swedish economists in the 1930s, with a focus on the thoughts of Gustav Cassel, Eli Heckscher, Gösta Bagge, Gunnar Myrdal and Bertil Ohlin, among others. In so doing he provides a timely exploration of the debate on the necessary and desirable extentof state intervention in market economies.

This book surveys Poland's move from being a post-feudal, backward, peripheral country to being a modern, capitalist, European state: from the partition of the commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania to the abolishment of ‘second serfdom'; late industrialization to state socialism; post-partition fragmentation to post-Second World War westward dislocation; and from the ‘Solidarność'movement to accession into the European Union.Could Poland really be considered an ‘underdeveloped'nation throughout the last 200 years? What factors contributed to its ‘backwardness'? Has Poland yet managed to catch up with the West? This book, the first overview of the modern economic history of Poland to be published in English, addresses these and many other questions crucial for developing our understanding of the economic history of modern Central-Eastern Europe. The economic development of Poland is analyzed through data and statistics, as well as through analysis of the ideas that paved theway for the politics of economic and social modernization.