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Introduction: Plastics carried in the outflow of major rivers can be made available and subsequently ingested by marine fishes, causing lethal and sublethal effects. Highly abundant, vertically migrating myctophids play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient cycling between the epi- and mesopelagic zones. However, this diel movement may also make myctophids significant conduits for transporting ingested microparticles from surface waters to deeper food webs. Methods: We examined the gastrointestinal tracts of 340 myctophids caught at varying distances from the Columbia River mouth in the epipelagic zone of the northeast Pacific Ocean to determine if proximity to a presumed point source influences microparticle ingestion. Results: While we found no direct spatial connection with ingestion frequency, we discovered that (a) ~34% of myctophids had either synthetic or other anthropogenic particles retained in their GI tract, (b) microparticle ingestion was higher in an active-feeding species of myctophid (Tarletonbeania crenularis) than an inactive-feeding species (Stenobrachius leucopsarus), and (c) species and standard length were the most influential predictors of microparticle consumption in our best fit model. Discussion: Our failure to detect a significant relationship between distance from a source and ingestion by myctophids is likely due to the particles undergoing fluctuations in dispersal patterns once they enter the ocean, particularly for microfibers which can be transported across large distances. Biological factors like body size may be more relevant to understanding microparticle ingestion patterns in mesopelagic fishes. Overall, our study highlights the potential role myctophids serve as multidirectional transporters of microparticles in Northern California Current food webs, with potential impacts on fisheries and human food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this study, a three-species food chain model that considers interactions between small fish, remora fish, and large fish has been developed. It is assumed that large fish consume small fish through the functional response of Holling type II. Remora fish are considered to benefit from eating the remaining parts of small fish hunted by larger fish. Remora fish may benefit from eating the parasites found in the bodies of large fish. The non-negativity and boundedness of the solution of the model are investigated. In addition, each potential stable state for the model has been determined. We also investigated the local stability of the model, which is close to the steady state. The Lyapunov function and geometric technique are used to investigate the global stability of the model. It has been found that the increase in the refuge rate for small fish contributes to the instability of the model. It has been observed that the model may show unstable behaviour due to an increase in the rate of consumption of small fish by big fish. It has been found that the density of remora fish may rise because of their mutualistic relationship with large fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: Prevalence of disordered eating among college students is concerning, but professional help-seeking rates are low. This study examined barriers and facilitators of help-seeking for eating, weight, and shape concerns in this population. Participants: A non-clinical sample of undergraduates (N = 134; 64.7% females; 63.9% White; 61.7% freshman) were recruited from a research pool. Methods: Participants reported on help-seeking barriers, facilitators, intentions, and behaviors, as well as disordered eating, anxiety, and depression. Results: Commonly endorsed facilitators of help-seeking for disordered eating included desire to get better and other mental health issues. Commonly endorsed barriers highlighted themes of self-reliance. Recent and lifetime help-seeking behaviors suggested preferences for informal sources of help. Greater disordered eating predicted more endorsed facilitators of help-seeking, whereas greater depression predicted more endorsed barriers. Conclusion: Findings—highlighting self-reliance and preferences for informal sources of help—can facilitate efforts to better serve students who may be experiencing disordered eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: In April 2022, French Lentil and Leek Crumble (FLLC), a new frozen food preparation manufactured by Daily Harvest™ (containing Tara flour) was offered as a natural high‐protein meal product. Soon thereafter, widespread anecdotal reports of acute gastrointestinal symptoms with liver injury were reported, leading to its voluntary withdrawal in June 2022, after shipment of 28,000 preparations. Aims: To summarise the clinical and laboratory features of 17 patients with FLLC associated liver injury from the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Methods: Patients with FLLC‐associated liver injury were enrolled into a prospective protocol and followed for 6 months. Cases were adjudicated by expert opinion causality assessment with summary statistics for data analysis. Results: Enrolled subjects had a mean age of 41 years, 82% were female with mean BMI of 24 kg/m2. All were Caucasian without underlying liver disease. In most cases, abdominal pain and nausea arose within hours of FLLC ingestion. Mean days from ingestion to identification of liver injury was 3.1 days (±2.8). On enrolment, 53% had jaundice, 47% nausea, 24% fever, 59% abdominal pain, 41% itching and 12% rash. The mean initial serum ALT was 475 U/L (±302), AST 315 U/L (±315), alkaline phosphatase 190 U/L (±76), with a total bilirubin of 2.6 mg/dL (±2). In this study, 63% presented with a hepatocellular pattern of liver injury, 6% cholestatic and 31% mixed as determined by the R value. In addition, 24% of patients were hospitalised, and there were no fatalities or liver transplants. Liver biopsy in one subject revealed acute hepatitis with mild ductular reaction, mild lymphocytic and eosinophilic portal inflammation, mild lobular inflammation, preserved bile ducts and absence of interface hepatitis, steatosis, granulomatous reaction or cholestasis. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of Tara spinosa, the source of Tara flour. Conclusions: Natural food products are increasingly ubiquitous and may unexpectedly cause significant illness. All clinicians should inquire whether patients are consuming natural food products or herbal supplements and consider them as a potential cause of liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural and traditional diversity in Indonesia indirectly aids in making the process of spreading the gospel more accessible. Contextualization theology emerges as a viable option for disseminating the gospel message, with the goal of making the gospel of Jesus Christ relevant in contexts that are easily understood in all human aspects. By bringing up the subject of "eating together," the author hopes to make it easier and more relevant for readers to understand Jesus Christ's love for mankind. Just as "eating together" is significant for the Chinese as a sign of family, love, and respect, Jesus declared to sinners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the fast pace of modern life, people have less time for meals, but few studies have examined the association between the habit of fast eating and metabolic diseases. Objective: Combining the results of the current study and the prior ones, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between fast eating and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods: This is a sub-analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study of 1965 participants investigated the association between fast eating and MASLD in Chinese. Fast eating was defined as meal time less than five minutes and participants were divided into three categories based on their self-reported frequency of fast eating: ≤1 time/month, ≤1 time/week and ≥2 times/week. We further conducted a literature search for available studies published before November, 2023 as well as a meta-analysis to investigate the association between fast eating and MASLD. Results: The proportion of MASLD was 59.3%, 50.5%, and 46.2% in participants with fast eating ≥2 times/week, ≤1 time/week and ≤1 time/month, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The frequency of fast eating was independently associated with risk of MASLD after multiple adjustment for sex, age, demographics, smoking and drinking status, BMI and clinical metabolic parameters (OR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.09–1.53). Participants who ate fast frequently (≥2 times/week) had 81% higher risk of MASLD (P = 0.011). A meta-analysis of five eligible studies confirmed that frequent fast eating was associated with increased risk of MASLD (pooled OR, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.07–1.39). Conclusions: Frequent fast eating was associated with an increased risk of MASLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overexpression of the agouti-signaling protein (asip1), an endogenous melanocortin antagonist, under the control of a constitutive promoter in zebrafish [Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:Cau.Asip1]iim4] (asip1-Tg) increases food intake by reducing sensitivity of the central satiety systems and abolish circadian activity rhythms. The phenotype also shows increased linear growth and body weight, yet no enhanced aggressiveness in dyadic fights is observed. In fact, asip1-Tg animals choose to flee to safer areas rather than face a potential threat, thus suggesting a potential anxiety-like behavior (ALB). Standard behavioral tests, i.e., the open field test (OFT), the novel object test (NOT), and the novel tank dive test (NTDT), were used to investigate thigmotaxis and ALB in male and female zebrafish. Results showed that the asip1-Tg strain exhibited severe ALB in every test, mainly characterized by pronounced freezing behavior and increased linear and angular swimming velocities. asip1-Tg animals exhibited low central serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels and high turnover rates, thus suggesting that central monoaminergic pathways might mediate melanocortin antagonist-induced ALB. Accordingly, the treatment of asip1-Tg animals with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reversed the ALB phenotype in NTDT as well as 5-HT turnover. Genomic and anatomical data further supported neuronal interaction between melanocortinergic and serotonergicsystems. These results suggest that inhibition of the melanocortin system by ubiquitous overexpression of endogenous antagonist has an anxiogenic effect mediated by serotonergic transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restrained eating is becoming widespread recently. The present study aimed to examine whether peer appearance teasing was positively associated with restrained eating among Chinese adolescent girls and whether this association was mediated by fear of negative appearance evaluation (FNAE) and body surveillance. A sample of 720 Chinese adolescent girls completed questionnaires on peer appearance teasing, FNAE, body surveillance, and restrained eating. Peer appearance teasing was significantly and positively related to girls' restrained eating. FNAE mediated the relationship between peer appearance teasing and restrained eating. Furthermore, the association between peer appearance teasing and restrained eating was sequentially mediated by FNAE and body surveillance. The findings of this study provide new insights into the development of restrained eating among adolescent girls, and highlight peer appearance teasing and body surveillance as potential targets for intervention programs regarding body image concerns and eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: After ingestion rubber gloves harden and can produce dangerous complications. Therefore the choice of treatment is of utmost importance. Aside from a surgical approach, endoscopy should also be considered as a treatment option on a case‐to‐case basis or if not applicable as a useful diagnostic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Shiitake mushroom‐induced flagellate dermatitis is a rare but important condition to consider in patients presenting with pruritic skin lesions following mushroom ingestion, especially in regions where such cases are uncommon. Early recognition and appropriate management with oral and topical steroids are crucial for effective symptom resolution and preventing complications. Clinicians should be aware of the characteristic rash and the temporal relationship between mushroom consumption and rash onset. Educating patients about the risks associated with consuming raw or undercooked shiitake mushrooms is essential to prevent recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Promoting healthy dietary habits is a concern for public health due to the association between unhealthy diets and nutrient-related diseases. This paper aims to examine the relationship between individuals' temporal dietary behaviour and perceptions of the effect of dietary habits on physical health and how these perceptions influence two important aspects of eating behaviour, i.e. daily consumption of healthy food and self-reported extra payment for healthy food options. Design/methodology/approach: Cross-sectional data on 457 young Chinese adults within the age category of 18–30 years were collected through a survey. Two subscales (immediate and future) were obtained from the consideration-of-future-consequences (CFC)-12 scale through a factor analysis. A seemingly unrelated regression was estimated to determine whether CFC impacts behaviour through an awareness of the consequences of one's dietary habits. Findings: Individuals who are more focused on immediate gratification were more likely to perceive their current dietary habit have a negative effect on their physical health (p < 0.001). In contrast, those who prioritise the future benefits were less likely to perceive negative health effects from their dietary habits (p < 0.001). However, the perception of negative consequences of dietary habit on physical health did not motivate healthier eating daily (p < 0.001) nor allocating more money towards eating healthy (p < 0.001). Practical implications: Understanding the relationship between time perspective and dietary habits could help identify potential risk factors for poor dietary choices and promote healthier eating habits. Originality/value: The paper uses insights from behavioural economics to identify the behavioural triggers that lead to a healthier dietary habit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Diachronic research of social status differences in diet reveals a dynamic interplay of cultural, economic, and technological forces that have shaped the food choices of individuals across the past centuries. In this paper we focus on food and related practices at Palatial Knossos on Crete in the mid‐second millennium BC and review palaeodietary stable carbon and nitrogen isotope (δ13C and δ15N) data from two cemeteries to explore evidence for embodied social variation during the site's uncontested heyday in the Neo‐palatial Period (c.1700 to 1500 BC). We show that analysis by sex and tomb suggests no significant social differentiation in access to food resources. Instead, temporal trends reveal increased availability of animal protein during the Neo‐palatial period, aligning with Knossos' political and economic supremacy. We argue that the equitable living circumstances at Knossos during the Neo‐palatial period may have contributed to the absence of factional competition and social unrest, potentially explaining the site's continuity into Post‐palatial times despite widespread destructions elsewhere on Crete. Overall, the findings shed light on the complex interplay between diet, social structure, and historical context at Neo‐palatial Knossos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of plates plays a significant role as a means of presentation that enhances a dish's attractiveness. The Quality of Dish (QoD), a fulfilling experience of eating, improves by a selection of plates depending on the theme of the dining area. However, selecting the proper plates for a specific meal can be daunting for ordinary individuals, underscoring the need for a system to simplify this process. The research aims to create a system that supports plate selection. Such a system would recommend plates based on the impression assigned to each plate. However, collecting knowledge to use such a system is problematic. To address the problem, we focused on the restaurant information on the gourmet site. We set up the hypothesis that the view from the restaurant inside and the plates used in the restaurant give the same impression. We got word of mouth and dish pictures from the gourmet site based on the hypothesis. Using comments on restaurant impressions, we created a dataset of plates to which impressions were given. We tried assigning plates the impression by calculating the degree of similarity. In this paper, we examine the validity of measuring similarity between plates based on image features and the degree of agreement between impressions of similar plates. The results suggest that the proposed similarity calculation method has room for further study The impressions given to the plates by the proposed method were also seen in similar plates to a certain degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and gastrointestinal (GI)-related somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) commonly co-occur, and both are associated with confusion in the process of accessing treatment. Furthermore, health professionals report low confidence in providing care for these conditions. Using a life history methodology, we explored the journeys of children and their parents with the diagnosis and treatment of ARFID and/or SSRDs and examined themes in barriers and facilitators to care. Six families with children (4 boys and 2 girls; 8–14 years old) with a diagnosis of ARFID and/or GI-related SSRD were recruited from a pediatric tertiary-level hospital. Interviews were conducted with four parents alone, and two parent-child dyads. Participants provided rich histories of the child's health journeys with variation in the development of ARFID and GI-related SSRDs and subsequent management. Diagnostic uncertainty, the emotional impact of this journey on families, and systemic barriers to accessing treatment were themes of the healthcare narratives. Validating the emotional impacts of the healthcare journey and building trust may be helpful to address the diagnostic uncertainty that families experience. Strategies to support adaptation of cognitive-behavioral approaches for with children with complex ARFID and/or SSRDs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Microplastics merit attention as they can be ingested by lower trophic organisms, transferred to the food web, and pose potential risks to higher trophic levels. This study investigated the accumulation and effects of polyethylene microbeads (PEMBs, 63–75 μm) on adult water flea Moina macrocopa (600–800 μm), an order-magnitude difference in size, as a result of acute exposure. The organisms were exposed to PEMBs in four treatments of 0 (the Control), 5, 50, and 500 mg PEMB/L for examining PEMB accumulation, survival and reproduction of the organisms after the 24- and 48-h exposures. In general, M. macrocopa ingested PEMBs within 24-h exposure and reached the cumulative PEMB accumulation value of 0.17 ± 0.21 beads/adult after 48-h exposure in the 500 mg PEMB/L treatment. Exposure to PEMBs resulted in a statistically significant decrease of the cumulative survival rates, from 93 ± 12% in the Control to 37 ± 21% in the 500 mg/L treatment. Nevertheless, exposure to PEMBs did not significantly reduce the cumulative reproduction (p > 0.05), although a decrease was observed. This study suggests that the relatively large-size PEMBs could be ingested by the relatively small-size M. macrocopa and pose potential risks to these organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Nowadays it is estimated that worldwide more than 700 000 people die by suicide every year and a greater amount attempt this practice. Suicide is the fourth cause of death among 15-29 years old people. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) is used in household and commercial bleaches and due to its easy availability, accidental exposure to or intentional ingestion of NaOCl occurs frequently. In most cases health effects are only transient but if the subject ingests a large amount of this substance, this can generate severe consequences as oesophageal or stomach lesions and electrolytic imbalance. In the present study we analyse a rare case of suicide by fatal ingestion of bleach. Case Report. Case of a caucasic 47 years old woman with a background of several suicide attempts by exogenous substance ingestion that was found death alone in her apartment. The purpose of our investigation was identifying the cause of death. A rigorous and multidisciplinary methodological approach was adopted, including an accurate judicial inspection of the environment, an anamnestic collection, an autoptic procedure completed by macro and microscopic examinations of internal organs and a toxicological examination of biological fluids. Furthermore, a Literature overview of similar cases was carried out. The resulting evidence demonstrates that woman's death occurred after a massive bleach ingestion. Conclusions. This case report highlights the importance of forensic methodology in investigating the ingestion of exogenous substances. Crime scene investigation, a detailed post-mortem examination, toxicology and a complete histopathological study are mandatory to solve the enigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the air ingestion characteristics of the open-ends squeeze film dampers (SFD), a 3D computational fluid dynamics solution model of the SFD was proposed based. The setting of opening boundary conditions was considered, which was verified experimentally by the bidirectional excitation. The results revealed that with the same precession frequency, the smaller radial clearance leads to the greater oil film damping. An increasing oil supply and oil holes led to the smaller air ingestion range at the end. The design guideline for the open-ends SFD was investigated in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current waste management system within the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) consists of a disposable diaper—the Maximum Absorbency Garment (MAG)—that collects urine and feces during extravehicular activities (EVAs) that last up to 8 h. Such exposure to waste for prolonged periods of time contributes to hygiene-related medical events, including urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal distress. Historically, prior to using the MAG, astronauts have limited their food intake or eaten a low-residue diet before embarking on physically demanding spacewalks, reducing their work performance index (WPI) and posing a health risk. Furthermore, the current 0.95 L In-suit Drink Bag (IDB) does not provide sufficient water for more frequent, longer-range spacewalks, which carry greater potential for contingency scenarios requiring extended time away from a vehicle. High transport costs per pound to space and resource scarcity exacerbate these challenges, underscoring the need for water efficient waste management. This paper introduces a novel in-suit urine collection and filtration system developed in the Mason Lab at Weill Cornell Medical College that could address these hygiene and hydration concerns. The device would collect astronaut urine via an external catheter and filter it using forward and reverse osmosis (FO-RO) into potable water, creating a sustainable and hygienic circular water economy, enhancing astronaut wellbeing. This research aims to achieve an 85% urine collection rate using a modified MAG. The modified MAG will be made of a flexible compression material lined with antimicrobial fabric, and urine is collected through a silicone urine collection cup, which differs for male and female astronauts to conform to anatomy. Urine collection via a vacuum pump is triggered by a humidity sensor that detects the presence of urine in the cup. The FO-RO filtration system targets a minimum of 75% water recovery, while consuming less than 10% of EMU energy. To meet health standards, the filtrate maintains low salt levels (<250 ppm NaCl) and effectively removes major urine solutes (urea, uric acid, ammonia, calcium). However, further research and testing are warranted to refine and implement these innovations for future space missions, contributing to the advancement of deep space exploration technologies and astronaut health and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diet quality of the US population is significantly unhealthy, with critical long-term implications for the nation's health. A few studies have explored diet quality in the future primary care workforce. This cross-sectional study quantifies the diet quality of medical students and primary care residents at a Midwestern college of medicine in the United States. Methods: 250 medical students and 148 primary care residents were surveyed electronically utilizing the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants—Shortened Version (REAP-S). The survey consists of 13 questions that can be scored on a scale from 1 to 3, along with 3 questions that are not scored. The average REAP-S score for a US omnivorous diet is 32 (range 13 to 39) with higher scores indicating a higher quality diet. We obtained average REAP-S scores for all respondents and descriptive summary statistics for individual REAP-S items. Students' REAP-S total scores were compared to those of residents and the interaction between student/resident status and BMI category on REAP-S total scores were analyzed using analyses of variance. Differences between students and residents on BMI categories and other outcomes (individual REAP-S items, pandemic dietary and weight changes) were analyzed using Chi-Square Tests of Independence or Fisher's Exact Tests. Results: Medical students (n = 99; 39.6% response rate) had a significantly higher mean REAP-S score (30.5, SD = 3.9) than primary care residents (n = 72; 49% response rate) (mean = 28.6, SD = 3.9; p = 0.006). Total mean REAP-S scores were significantly higher for those with BMI < 25 (mean = 30.8, SD = 3.7) than for those with BMI > = 25 (mean = 28.3, SD = 4.0; p < 0.001). There was not a statistically significant interaction between role (student vs. resident) and BMI category on total REAP-S scores (p = 0.39). Most respondents (89.3%) indicated that they were willing to improve their diet. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the diet quality of surveyed medical students and primary care residents, as quantified by the REAP-S, is suboptimal. Early detection and improvement of diet quality may be necessary for our medical profession trainees to avert potential long-term adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes, and to optimize the health of our future primary care workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary habits strongly influence health, with poor diets contributing to numerous deaths annually. Addressing this requires improved dietary habits and consistent monitoring thereof. In northern Sweden, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been used for decades, but trends show that its ability to accurately measure intake has diminished. With changing eating habits and food supply, updating the FFQ was crucial, leading to the development of FFQ2020. This study assessed FFQ2020's relative validity using 24-hour recalls and evaluated its reproducibility. Methods: Participants were recruited from one of the northern-Sweden population-based health screenings and by advertising. Food intake was registered in an electronic food frequency questionnaire (FFQ2020) (test instrument) and reference data were obtained by six repeated electronic 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDR). Intakes of single foods were aggregated into food groups and healthy diet index scores, and daily energy and nutrient intakes were estimated. Results from the two methods were described and tested in univariate analyses and correlation tests, Bland Altman plots, cross-classification validity, and intra-class correlation analyses. Results: Totally, 628 adults were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 320 joined, and 244 completed at least four 24HDRs. The median intakes in food groups, as well as the mean index scores and estimated nutrient intakes, were largely similar between the FFQ2020 and 24HDR recordings. The correlation coefficients between the two assessments ranged from 0.253 to 0.693 for food groups, 0.520 to 0.614 for diet indices, and 0.340 to 0.629 for energy and nutrients. Intra-class correlation coefficients indicated at least good reproducibility for intakes of food groups, diet index scores, and nutrients. Generally, Bland-Altman plots did not reveal any gross systematic disagreement between the two methods for any of the assessments. However, there were single observations located outside the upper or lower 95% confidence interval (CI) limits for the difference between FFQ2020 and the 24HDR recordings. Conclusion: In concert, the results suggest that the relative validity and reproducibility of FFQ2020 are acceptable for trend analyses and group comparisons in large-scale studies but also that extended reference periods would improve the precision of less frequently consumed foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Detergent packets are common household products; however, they pose a risk of injuries and poisonings, especially among children. This study examined the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric injuries and poisonings related to all types of detergent packets in Canada using emergency department (ED) data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) database. Methods: The CHIRPP database was searched for ED visit records for injuries and poisonings related to all types of detergent packets between April 1, 2011 and October 12, 2023 (N = 2,021,814) using variable codes and narratives. Data for individuals aged 17 years and younger were analyzed descriptively. Temporal trends in the number of detergent packet-related injuries and poisonings per 100,000 CHIRPP cases were assessed using Joinpoint regression and annual percent change (APC). A proportion ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the proportion of detergent packet-related cases in CHIRPP during two 34-months periods, pre-COVID-19 pandemic and after the beginning of the pandemic. Results: There were 904 detergent packet-related cases among children and youth aged 17 years and younger identified in CHIRPP between April 1, 2011 and October 12, 2023, representing 59.9 cases per 100,000 CHIRPP cases. The majority (86.5%) of cases were among children aged 4 years and younger. Poisonings (58.8%) and eye injuries (30.6%) were the most frequent primary diagnoses. Unintentional ingestion (56.9%) and squeezing/breaking a detergent packet (32.3%) were the most frequent exposure mechanisms. Sixty-five patients (7.2%) were admitted to hospital. The number of detergent packet-related cases per 100,000 CHIRPP cases increased by 5.0% (95% CI 0.8, 10.2) annually between 2012 and 2022. The number of detergent packet-related poisonings per 100,000 CHIRPP cases decreased by 15.3% (95% CI − 22.3, − 10.6) annually between 2015 and 2022, whereas eye injuries showed an average annual percent increase of 16.6% (95% CI 11.2, 23.0) between 2012 and 2022. The proportion of detergent packet-related cases in CHIRPP after the beginning of the pandemic (79.9/100,000 CHIRPP cases) was 1.43 (95% CI 1.20, 1.71) times greater than pre-pandemic (55.7/100,000 CHIRPP cases). Conclusions: Detergent packet-related injuries and poisonings are a persisting issue. Continued surveillance and prevention efforts are needed to reduce detergent packet-related injuries and poisonings in Canada, particularly among children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties are commonly reported morbidities for individuals born with OA/TOF. This study aimed to determine the nature and prevalence of eating, drinking and oro-pharyngeal swallowing difficulties reported in this population. Method: A systematic review and meta-proportional analysis were conducted (PROSPERO: CRD42020207263). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science databases and grey literature were searched. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted relating to swallow impairment, use of mealtime adaptations and eating and drinking-related quality of life. Quantitative data were summarised using narrative and meta-proportional analysis methods. Qualitative data were synthesised using a meta-aggregation approach. Where quantitative and qualitative data described the same phenomenon, a convergent segregated approach was used to synthesise data. Results: Sixty-five studies were included. Six oro-pharyngeal swallow characteristics were identified, and pooled prevalence calculated: aspiration (24%), laryngeal penetration (6%), oral stage dysfunction (11%), pharyngeal residue (13%), nasal regurgitation (7%), delayed swallow initiation (31%). Four patient-reported eating/drinking difficulties were identified, and pooled prevalence calculated: difficulty swallowing solids (45%), difficulty swallowing liquids (6%), odynophagia (30%), coughing when eating (38%). Three patient-reported mealtime adaptations were identified, and pooled prevalence calculated: need for water when eating (49%), eating slowly (37%), modifying textures (28%). Mixed methods synthesis of psychosocial impacts identified 34% of parents experienced mealtime anxiety and 25% report challenging mealtime behaviours reflected in five qualitative themes: fear and trauma associated with eating and drinking, isolation and a lack of support, being aware and grateful, support to cope and loss. Conclusions: Eating and drinking difficulties are common in adults and children with repaired OA/TOF. Oro-pharyngeal swallowing difficulties may be more prevalent than previously reported. Eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties can impact on psychological well-being and quality of life, for the individual and parents/family members. Long-term, multi-disciplinary follow-up is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite an increase in the varieties of cannabis products available for consumption, limited evidence is available about the patterns of cannabis consumption methods before and after legalization. Objectives: To examine the changes in modes of cannabis use and their correlates among adults in Ontario, Canada both prior to and following cannabis legalization in 2018. Methods: Data were utilized from the 2017 to 2022 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's (CAMH) Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years of age and older (n = 2,665; 56% male). The surveys employed a regionally stratified sampling design using computer-assisted telephone interviews and web surveys. Multinomial regression was performed to examine different modes of cannabis use. Results: The exclusive use of cannabis through ingestion methods increased from 4.0% in 2017 to 16.6% in 2022 (p <.001). However, the exclusive use of inhalation-based cannabis decreased from 49.4% in 2017 to 25.5% in 2022 (p <.001). Relative to inhalation-based modes, adults were about five times more likely to use ingestion-based modes in 2020 [RRR = 4.65 (2.94–7.35)] and 2022 [RRR = 4.75 (2.99–7.55)] than in 2019, after accounting for sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: Ingestion-based cannabis use among adults increased fourfold between 2017 and 2022, a period during which recreational cannabis use was legalized in Canada. The increase was especially evident after the legalization of cannabis edibles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating speed is associated with obesity, metabolic syndromes, and diabetes. However, factors associated with eating speed remain to be studied explicitly. In this scoping review, we aimed to report the factors associated with eating speed among adults. Methods: We searched the PubMed and EBSCO databases from inception through February 29, 2024 using the following criteria: (1) original articles reporting factors that influence eating speed; (2) articles on studies including adults (age = 18 years); and (3) articles written in English. We excluded studies focusing on pregnancy, lactation, participants with diseases, and workers in specialized fields. Results: In this review, we examined 33 articles, and identified multiple factors influencing eating speed; namely, individual (demographic, sociopsychological, psychosomatic, and cognitive variables, and eating behavior), interpersonal, environmental, and food factors. Evidence indicates that male sex and non-intuitive eating were associated with fast eating speed. Other factors either showed inconsistencies or were inadequately studied. Conclusion: Although we identified many potential factors influencing eating speed, most of these remain insufficiently studied. Notably, male sex and non-intuitive eating were associated with fast eating speed. Further studies are needed to investigate modifiable factors for preventing fast eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study focused on the primary freshwater surface sources of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan—Swat and Kabul rivers. The study aimed to assess microplastic (MP) contamination of fish in the Swat and Kabul rivers. Understanding this contamination is vital for evaluating the environmental and health risks associated with consuming contaminated fish and contributing to the ongoing conservation efforts. The study's objective was to investigate the presence of MPs in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of fish and to delineate the identified MP types. Samples of local dominant fish (Schizothorax plagiostomus [Swatay] and Racoma labiata [Chunr], Cyprinus carpio [Common Carp], and Clupisoma naziri [Sher Mayai]) were collected, and their body weight and length assessed to gauge the overall health. The GIT samples were processed, digested and filtered before microscopic examination to detect MPs. Subsequently, the identified MPs were subjected to attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for characterization by analyzing their absorption bands. Results of the study showed the presence of MPs in fish samples, predominantly identified as polyethylene (PE), with polypropylene (PP) being the subsequently prevalent plastic type, which manifested fish contamination with MPs. The study revealed MP pollution in both Swat and Kabul rivers, with fish ingesting these particles. This poses potential health risks for fish and health of the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity concentrations of 210Po have been determined in the most consumed Kuwaiti diet components including water and beverages. The total 210Po annual intake has been calculated and was around 97.5 ± 4.1 Bq y−1 with roughly equal contributions from fish and seafood, grains, beverages, and protein (20.5 ± 0.2, 18.7 ± 0.2, 18.1 ± 1.1, and 16.7 ± 1.0 Bq y−1 sequentially). The annual intake of 210Po was estimated by taking into account the loss of 210Po during the cooking of seafood, tea making, and the preparation of leafy vegetable samples. The annual committed effective dose due to ingestion of 210Po for the Kuwaiti adult population was 117 ± 5 µSv y−1 which doesn't pose a significant radiological risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of microplastic in digestive organs (esophagus to intestine) of popular marine commercial fish species: Jack (Caranx SP.), blackspot snapper (Lutjanus fulviflamma), coral grouper (Epinephelus carallicala), golden snapper (Lutjanus johnii) and pickhandle barracuda (Sphyraena jello) from Pangempang Estuary in Indonesia. To separate the microplastic particles, each sample was digested using alkaline digestion solution, filtered on Whatman paper and then dried. Microplastic particles in the processed digestive organ contents were identified and enumerated using a dissecting stereo microscope. Microplastics were observed in 94 % of fish digestive organs sampled: 100 % jacks (n = 10), 80 % blackspot snapper (n = 10), 100 % coral grouper (n = 10), 90 % golden snapper (n = 10) and 100 % pickhandle barracuda (n = 10). In these fish samples we found in average of 41 ± 6.0, 26 ± 11.0, 15 ± 2.0, 11 ± 1.0 and 14 ± 2.0 SE microplastic particles per individual and an average of 499.5 ± 94.4, 501.5 ± 198.8, 83.6 ± 18.4, 79.8 ± 11.6 and 40.2 ± 25.0 SE microplastic particles per kg fish weight, in jacks, blackspot snapper, coral grouper, golden snapper and pickhandle barracuda, respectively. Fiber was the most dominant type accounting for 78.6 % of all observed microplastics. Microplastic beads were not detected. The correlation of the average consumed microplastic and the average fish weight per species showed a negative relationship (R² = 0.36), but was not significant (p-value = 0.28). Our finding suggests that demersal fish like jacks, blackspot snapper and coral grouper may have ingested a higher quantity of microplastic particles compared to pelagic species like pickhandle barracuda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired trachea-esophageal fistula formation is a rare, life-threatening complication of delayed presentation of foreign body ingestion. Airway management of such a patient is a significant challenge to the anaesthetist due to air leak from the defect leading to difficult oxygenation and ventilation and gastric insufflation. The paediatric age group adds to the difficulty because of small airway caliber and difficult lung isolation. Multidisciplinary team involvement and close communication, prior imaging to identify the anatomy, and planning were vital for successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign body ingestion in children is a frequent cause for medical consultation. Although most foreign bodies are spontaneously eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract, life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation can occur. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy who died 2 days after the onset of nausea and abdominal pain, with no foreign body ingestion witnessed or reported in the previous days. Autopsy showed a diffuse peritonitis and a perforation of the transverse colon caused by three high-powered magnets stacked together, and attached to the outer stomach wall via a fourth magnet located in the stomach. The cause of death was peritonitis due to bowel perforation by ingested magnets, which were shown to have come from a toy belonging to the child. Ingestion of multiple high-powered magnets carries a high risk of gastrointestinal complications and can exceptionally have a fatal outcome, especially as it often goes unreported and causes non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms that can delay diagnosis and management. This case highlights the need to raise public awareness of the potential risks of ingesting such magnets and to strengthen safety standards to protect children from this serious health hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lupin beans, a yellow legume seed from the Lupinus plant, are commonly used in Southern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Despite their bitter taste, lupin beans are highly nutritious and rich in protein, making them popular snacks. The bitter taste is due to the presence of over 150 quinolizidine alkaloids, with Lupanine being the predominant alkaloid. If not properly debittered before ingestion, lupin toxicity and anticholinergic symptoms can occur. Case Presentation: A 49-year-old healthy Egyptian man presented with symptoms such as dry mouth, unsteadiness, constipation, and urinary retention for 6 hours. After investigation, it was discovered that he had consumed 400 g of bitter lupin beans within a 1-hour period, around 4-6 hours before the symptom onset. The patient was oriented, conscious, and alert, showing no signs of pain or distress. His vital signs were normal, and he had normal cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurological examinations. His eye examination revealed fixed, dilated pupils bilaterally, blurry vision, and normal eye movement bilaterally. Laboratory tests were normal. The patient received Ringer's lactate intravenously and was closely monitored in the emergency department. Over a 3-hour period, all symptoms and signs resolved with fluid management alone, and the patient was discharged home following his improvement. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of history taking in diagnosing food-related diseases and emphasizes that physicians should consider lupin toxicity as a differential diagnosis in cases presenting with anticholinergic symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingestion of foreign bodies is a rare clinical problem in healthy adults. Less than 1% of cases need surgery due to perforation or obstruction. Here, we describe an unusual case of a wine-cork ingestion by a 54-year-old woman with a history of chronic alcohol consumption. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed foreign body (FB) in terminal ileum. The proximal part of the ileum was dilated due to obstruction. Laparotomy was performed, and the FB was removed without complications. Most ingested FBs spontaneously pass through the gastrointestinal tract. However, in rare instances, the FB can cause obstruction. In case of suspicion of serious complications such as obstruction and perforation, abdominopelvic CT should be used. The application of radiographic techniques in the identification of FBs and the assessment of potential complications plays a crucial role in expediting medical interventions for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Emotions affect food intake and food choice. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, eating habits and anthropometric measurements and negative and positive emotional eating. Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 343 female college students 18–24 years of age. Data were collected using the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ). Anthropometric measurements were obtained (height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, neck, mid-upper arm, waist and hip circumference). Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle and eating habits were questioned. Generalized linear models were used to identify each EMAQ score. Findings: While high body mass index (BMI) was associated with high negative emotional eating scores, low BMI was related to high positive emotional/situation eating scores (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between waist circumferences (p = 0.09), triceps skinfold thickness (p = 0.09) and negative emotional eating. Participants consuming vegetables and fruit = 5 portions/day had higher negative emotional eating scores, regardless of BMI (p = 0.04). Smokers (p < 0.01) and participants doing regular physical activity (p = 0.02) had lower positive emotional eating scores. Research limitations/implications: Negative emotional eating was related to higher BMI but not adiposity. Active female participants were less likely to eat in response to positive emotions. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies examining positive emotion scores from many aspects. The authors also investigated the association between emotional eating and anthropometric measurements by using different methods, including neck and mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gape‐limited predators (e.g., snakes, many fish) are not generally expected to pose a predation threat to prey that are too large for them to swallow. However, the extent to which snakes predate on prey that exceed their gape limitation remains largely unknown. We conducted the first study to investigate the influence of both prey and predator sizes on the frequency of ingestion success by snakes in a natural system. We combined survival monitoring of an avian prey species (Aplonis opaca) via radio‐telemetry with a survey of the size distribution of their major predator (Boiga irregularis) on Guam. This allowed us to assess (1) the frequency of unsuccessful ingestion by the predator, (2) whether the size of the prey predicts ingestion success, (3) whether the size of the predator predicts ingestion success, and (4) the relationship between prey and predator sizes in successful ingestion attempts. We found that nearly half (47.95%) of ingestion attempts by snakes on fledgling birds were unsuccessful, and no instances where unsuccessful ingestion caused the mortality of the snake. Attempts to consume smaller fledglings were as likely to be unsuccessful as attempts to swallow larger fledglings. However, snakes that successfully ingested fledglings were among the largest snakes in the population, and larger than average conspecifics attracted to endothermic prey. The smallest snakes that successfully ingested fledglings attained remarkably high relative prey mass values for their species, consuming prey weighing up to 79.9% of their own mass. Our study indicates that B. irregularis routinely predate prey that are too large for them to successfully ingest, which causes mortality to the prey but poses little risk to the predator. The potential reward for snakes in consuming oversized prey may outweigh the inherent risks, while instances of predation that do not result in consumption may have considerable impacts on prey populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithocarpus litseifolius although known as "Sweet Tea" (ST), has been traditionally accepted as a daily beverage and used as a folk medicine in southern China with little understanding of its potential toxicity. This study evaluated the safety of a water extract of ST by a subchronic toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 80 rats were randomized divided into 4 groups with 10 males and 10 females in each group, treated with 2000, 1,000, 500 and 0 mg/kg body weight of ST extract by gavage for 90 days, respectively. The results of the study showed that ST extract did not induce treatment-related changes in the body and organ weight, food intake, blood hematology and serum biochemistry, urine indices, and histopathology in rats. The NOAEL of ST extract was observed to be 2000 mg/kg/day for rats of both sexes. These results indicated that ST extract was of low toxicity in the experimental conditions of the current study and had the potential for application in food-related products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recently, a concerning pattern has emerged in clinical settings, drawing attention to the potential health risks associated with the accidental ingestion, mostly by children, of a new Heated Tobacco Product (HTP) stick, which contains a sharp metal blade inside. Material and Methods: Following a webinar of the Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2 project, where data on adverse health incidents related to novel tobacco and nicotine products from EU Member States were presented, the Milan Poison Control Center (PCC) conducted a case series study on the accidental ingestion of blade-containing HTP sticks in Italy, between July 2023 and February 2024. The data in the medical records were analyzed to identify the age distribution, clinical presentation symptoms, performed diagnostic procedures, and medical management. Results: Overall, 40 cases of accidental ingestion of HTP sticks were identified and are described. A total of 33 (82.5%) children (infants and toddlers, mean age 12.3 ± 3.3 months) were hospitalized. Of these, 29 underwent abdominal X-rays, two children underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and one child suffered from cut injuries to the tonsillar pillar and genian mucosa, requiring anesthesia for fibroscopy. The observed clinical cases associated with new HTP sticks containing a metal blade occurred over just eight months. This issue required the immediate implementation of corrective measures to mitigate health risks. The Ministry of Health issued an alert regarding the dangers related to the accidental ingestion of the stick and imposed more visible warnings on the package. Conclusions: It is of the utmost importance to raise awareness among both the general public and medical practitioners to prevent further cases of accidental ingestion of HTP sticks by infants and toddlers, and ensure a prompt and informed response in emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, there is a huge burden on public health due to a very high incidence of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, among others. The modern lifestyle, with inadequate diets and insufficient physical activity, is one of the most important factors contributing to this situation. Therefore, a healthy diet can have a very positive impact on global population health. Fruits and vegetables are staple foods with a typically low caloric value that still contribute to an adequate ingestion of the necessary macro and micronutrients and bioactive compounds, with a beneficial effect on health. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge about the consumption of fruits and vegetables in two countries, Portugal and France. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of 639 adult participants (382 French and 257 Portuguese). The results revealed significant differences in knowledge between countries, sexes, level of education, body mass index, satisfaction with body weight, reasons for dissatisfaction with weight, and having a chronic disease. The most influential sociodemographic variable was the country, while the most influential behavioral variable was practicing a varied diet. Factor analysis identified two factors, one accounting for items in the scale that were true, and the other accounting for false items; both factors had acceptable internal consistency. Finally, cluster analysis showed three clusters of participants: The first included individuals with high knowledge of both factors, the second included individuals with low or very low knowledge, and the third cluster included individuals with partial knowledge, who only knew about true items. These results are relevant for planning educational measures aimed at improving knowledge and thus helping to promote healthier diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Due to the copious disposal of plastics, marine ecosystems receive a large part of this waste. Microplastics (MPs) are solid particles smaller than 5 millimeters in size. Among the plastic polymers, polystyrene (PS) is one of the most commonly used and discarded. Due to its density being greater than that of water, it accumulates in marine sediments, potentially affecting benthic communities. This study investigated the ingestion of MP and their effect on the meiofauna community of a sandy beach. Meiofauna are an important trophic link between the basal and higher trophic levels of sedimentary food webs and may therefore be substantially involved in trophic transfer of MP and their associated compounds. Methods: We incubated microcosms without addition of MP (controls) and treatments contaminated with PS MP (1-µm) in marine sediments at three nominal concentrations (103, 105, 107particles/mL), for nine days, and sampled for meiofauna with collections every three days. At each sampling time, meiofauna were collected, quantified and identified to higher-taxon level, and ingestion of MP was quantified under an epifluorescence microscope. Results: Except for Tardigrada, all meiofauna taxa (Nematoda, turbellarians, Copepoda, Nauplii, Acari and Gastrotricha) ingested MP. Absorption was strongly dose dependent, being highest at 107 particles/mL, very low at 105 particles/mL and non-demonstrable at 103 particles/mL. Nematodes accumulated MP mainly in the intestine; MP abundance in the intestine increased with increasing incubation time. The total meiofauna density and species richness were significantly lower at the lowest MP concentration, while at the highest concentration these parameters were very similar to the control. In contrast, Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness were greater in treatments with low MP concentration. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because of the low meiofauna abundances at the lower two MP concentrations. Conclusion: At the highest MP concentration, abundance, taxonomic diversity and community structure of a beach meiofauna community were not significantly affected, suggesting that MP effects on meiofauna are at most subtle. However, lower MP concentrations did cause substantial declines in abundance and diversity, in line with previous studies at the population and community level. While we can only speculate on the underlying mechanism(s) of this counterintuitive response, results suggest that further research is needed to better understand MP effects on marine benthic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a profound problem around the world yet it's study on the effect on zooplankton including copepods are very limited. The study was conducted between January 2021 and January 2022 in the Lower Meghna Estuary to investigate MPs ingestion in two different family of copepod: Calanoid and Cyclopoid. A method of acid digestion along with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to identify MPs ingested by copepods from the conducted area. However, three types of MPs namely fiber, fragment and foam were extracted from this copepod biomass. Fibers represent highest (> 50%) of the ingested MPs from both group of copepod that exceed fragments and foams in all sampling stations. The overall ingestion rate of Calanoid was found higher (0.084 ± 0.002 particles/individual) compared to the Cyclopoid group (0.077 ± 0.001 particles/individual). The results of the study have effectively illustrated that copepod, obtained from multiple sampling sites within the Lower Meghna Estuary, display a propensity to ingest MPs and subsequently endangering the food security of seafood industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk farming is an agro based industry which involves production of silk from silkworm. The different varieties of leaf of Morus alba L. are the solo source of the food for silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The nutritional enrichment of mulberry leaves plays a very important role in yielding good quality cocoons. In recent years, chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have become one of the world's most recognizable foods to have good protein content and its higher proportion of á-linolenic acid and omega-3 fatty acids making it a good nutritional supplement. In the present investigation the effect of different chia seeds concentrations (1, 1.50 and 2.0% w/v) were used along with the mulberry leaves fed ad libitum to know its effect on food utilization and growth in the silkworm double hybrid FC1 x FC2 race from I to V instar larvae at 25±2°C with relative humidity of 75±5% and control were taken for comparing the experimental work. The food utilization parameters like food intake, faeces defecation, assimilation, food converted, oxidation, feeding rate, assimilation rate, conversion rate, metabolic rate, assimilation efficiency and conversion efficiency (K1 and K2) were studied. Results showed that the mulberry leaves supplemented with chia seeds as a feed to B. mori has direct effect on enhancing the growth of the larva, reduced larval period and food intake compared to control group. It has been observed that the 2.0% chia seeds treated group plays a significant role with an increase in growth and better food intake which averaged 6171.519 mg/mg/day compared to control group i.e., 3831.965 mg/mg/day and followed by other two chia seeds treated groups i.e., 1.50 and 2.0% concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of uranium isotopes in ground water plays a key role in assessment of geochemical condition of ground water and for estimating ingestion dose received by the general public because of uranium intake through drinking water. An attempt has been made in the present study to estimate isotopic composition and activity ratios (AR) of uranium isotopes by analysing the ground water samples using alpha spectrometry. Associated age-dependent ingestion dose was also calculated for the public of different age groups. 238U, 235U and 234U activity concentration was found to vary in the ranges of 5.85 ± 1.19 to 76.67 ± 4.16, < 0.90 to 3.15 ± 0.84 and 6.52 ± 1.25 to 107.02 ± 4.92 mBq/L, respectively. 235U/238U AR varies from 0.038 to 0.068 with an average of 0.047 which is close to 0.046 implies that uranium in the ground water is from natural origin. Uranium concentration was found to vary in the range of 0.47 ± 0.10 μg/L to 6.20 ± 0.34 μg/L with a mean value of 3.01 ± 0.23 μg/L, which is much lower than national as well as international recommendation value. Annual ingestion dose to the public of all age groups for uranium intake through drinking water ranges from 0.60 ± 0.11 to 19.50 ± 1.03 μSv/y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the concentration of uranium in 67 groundwater samples of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India, estimated using an LED fluorimeter. The age-dependent ingestion dose to the population of the district is also studied. The concentration of uranium in groundwater varied from 0.20 to 57.50 μg L−1 with an average of 4.40 μg L−1. The annual ingestion dose due to uranium varies from 0.18 to 142.68 μSv y−1, with an average of 7.11 μSv y−1. The ingestion dose received by the population in the study area is less than the recommended level of 100 μSv y−1 by the World Health Organization (2011). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare clinical case of an acute kidney injury after oleander leaves ingestion in llama (Lama glama) was the aim of the current report. Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a highly toxic plant and as little as 10 to 20 leaves can be lethal for an adult horse or cow. Despite the well --known arrhythmogenic effects of the oleander, manifesting in the case as a bradyarrhythmia, an acute kidney insufficiency with anuria was the key point. The patient demonstrated oliguria--anuria with extremely high creatinine blood level (up to 1167.0 μmol/l) for several days. Standard therapeutical regimen was followed, including fluid therapy. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, complete clinical recovery occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine dinoflagellate species in the genus Alexandrium are well known to produce paralytic shellfish poison as well as common coastal species with cosmopolitan distribution. However, few studies on the feeding of copepods on Alexandrium species have been conducted. The toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax contains goniodomin A and causes red tides in many countries. To investigate the relationship between the toxic dinoflagellate A. pseudogonyaulax and the calanoid copepods Acartia spp., we quantified the ingestion rates of Acartia spp. feeding on A. pseudogonyaulax as a function of prey concentration. Additionally, we estimated grazing coefficients by integrating data from field observations of Acartia spp. and coexisting A. pseudogonyaulax with laboratory measurements of ingestion rates obtained during this investigation. Furthermore, we compared the ingestion rates of Acartia spp. and other predators feeding on Alexandrium species as previously reported. The ingestion rates of Acartia spp. on A. pseudogonyaulax increased continuously with increasing mean prey concentration. The highest values among the ingestion rate of Acartia spp. feeding on A. pseudogonyaulax was 3,407 cells predator-1 d-1 (4,872 ng C predator-1 d-1) at the given prey concentration. The calculated grazing coefficients for Acartia spp. on A. pseudogonyaulax in Shiwha Bay, Korea, were up to 0.073 d-1. The results of this study suggest that A. pseudogonyaulax may decrease or maintain the population of Acartia spp. in marine food webs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the challenges faced by primatologists studying the diets of non-human primates in tropical forests. The author highlights the difficulties of identifying and characterizing plant species, as well as the need for collaboration with botanists and the collection of voucher specimens. The article emphasizes the variability of primate diets and the importance of considering fruit or plant types rather than just species names. It also warns about the pitfalls of comparing diets between species. Overall, the article provides valuable insights into the complexities of studying primate diets in diverse environments. [Extracted from the article]

The temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method allows us to record temporal changes in multiple sensations during an experience, such as eating food. A trajectory plot is used to visualize the experimental results of the TDS method and is useful for comprehending multidimensional sensory transitions in a low-dimensional principal component space. Castura et al. (2023) proposed an approach to statistically compare multiple food products in such spaces. We rectify the hypothesis-testing method of that approach and modify the visualization method, such that the periods in which the products are statistically different from each other are easily recognized. The developed method helps us understand when and how a food product feels different from others during the eating experience and can contribute to designing new products by focusing on their time-series experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]