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(1) Background: Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by hemarthrosis. Prophylaxis is the gold standard for bleeding prevention. Extended half-life (EHL) recombinant FVIII replacement products have shown to be associated with low bleeding rates. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of EHL prophylaxis in improving perceived quality of life, adherence to treatment, and kinesiophobia in patients with hemophilia. (2) Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Forty-six patients from different regions, who had started EHL FVIII concentrate prophylactic treatment, were evaluated at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. The study variables were as follows: perceived quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey), adherence to treatment (Validated Hemophilia Regimen Treatment Adherence Scale—Prophylaxis), and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia). (3) Results: There were statistically significant differences in the domains Role-Physical (p < 0.001), Bodily Pain (p < 0.001), Role-Emotional (p < 0.001), Vitality (p = 0.04), and Social Functioning (p = 0.01) and the total scores, Physical Health (p < 0.001) and Mental Health (p < 0.001) on perceived quality of life. There were significant differences in the domains Skipping (p < 0.01), Communicating (p < 0.001), and the total score (p = 0.01) in terms of adherence. There were also significant differences in kinesiophobia (p = 0.02) after the study period. (4) Conclusions: EHL prophylaxis can improve the perceived quality of life of people with hemophilia. This prophylactic regimen, which requires fewer infusions, may improve adherence to treatment in adult patients with hemophilia over a 12-month period. The administration of extended half-life factor VIII concentrates can reduce kinesiophobia in adult patients with hemophilic arthropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Specific stabilisation exercises (SSE) can combat the debilitating effects of chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP), improve disability, pain and fear-avoidance beliefs (FAB). OBJECTIVE: To elicit the determinants of outcome in patients with CLBP with associated FABs after treatment with SSE. METHOD: Twenty-nine patients (20 females) with CLBP were classified using FAB questionnaire into high or low Work and Physical Activity (PA) subscales. After 4-week treatment, evaluations were done for pain, disability and lumbar spine active range of motion (AROM). Data was analysed exploratory-descriptively with a significance level set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Participants were aged 55.24 ± 11.91 years. They scored 19 (65.5%) and 5 (17.2%) respectively on Work and PA subscales. The post-intervention evaluation showed significant differences in all outcomes, but no significant difference between patients with high or low FAB scores for both subscales. PA scores correlated significantly with pain while work scores correlated significantly with disability. Participants' gender predicted disability, pain and AROM with moderate to large effect sizes. CONCLUSION: SSE can potentially improve disability, pain and range of motion for patients with chronic low back pain regardless of FABQ status. Gender and baseline patient status are potential determinants of outcome of treatment using SSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A primary goal of rehabilitation is to produce optimal health-related quality of life outcomes, which includes returning patients to their desired level of activity. Injury-related fear, kinesiophobia, and fear-avoidance beliefs are psychological factors that negatively impact health-related quality of life and are associated with decreased levels of physical activity. Conversely, increased levels of self-efficacy have been linked to favorable rehabilitation outcomes. To promote full recovery and optimal health-related quality of life, the rehabilitation process should consider addressing self-efficacy and injury-related fear (e.g., kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance beliefs). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a theoretical framework which integrates self-efficacy theory and the Fear-Avoidance Model to mitigate injury-related fear and optimize patient outcomes following musculoskeletal injury. The intention of this theoretical framework is to provide clinicians with psychosocial interventions to improve self-efficacy and prevent the progression of injury-related fear at varying times throughout the rehabilitation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a public health issue associated with a complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors. Electroencephalography (neurofeedback) is one of the methods used to assess and treat psychological factors associated with pain and increase awareness of the activity of different parts of the brain. Objective The present clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of neurofeedback training (NFBT) exercises on psychological variables (pain, disability, and kensiophobia) in women with CNSLBP. Methods This was a clinical trial study. A total of 40 females with CNSLBP were recruited for the clinical trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely experimental and control (each group included 20 patients). The experimental group received NFBT for 8 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia were assessed via the visual analog scale, the Oswestry disability index, and the Tampa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 26. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure the normality of the data distribution (P>0.05). The covariance test was used to compare results between groups. Results The results showed that the NFBT had a significant difference in reducing pain (P=0.000, ƞ² =0.693), disability (P=0.005, ηp ² =0.253), and kinesiophobia (P=0.000, ηp 2 =0.904). Conclusion NFBT leads to a reduction in the perception of pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia; however, they do not address the underlying cause of pain in this group of patients. Instead, they only modulate the response to pain sensation processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study aim(s): It has been observed that post-injury pain following an ACL injury leads to a decline in functional status and leads to kinesiophobia, which limits movements and activity. Our study aimed to examine the effects of an anterior cruciate ligament injury on kinesophobia in athletes recovering from an ACL injury. Methods: A total of 191 athletes participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: an exercising (97 people) and a non-exercising (94 people) group. The Tampa Kinesophobia Scale (TSK) was used to determine the athletes' kinesophobia levels. For data analysis, a T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey test for post-hoc analysis were used. The data were analyzed using the licensed SPSS 26 program. Results: The study found a significant difference in kinesophobia levels between the exercising group (37.34±5.73) and the non-exercising group (39.29±5.51) following ACL injury (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in kinesophobia were observed concerning gender, age, sports history (except within the exercise group, p < 0.05), ACL surgery, or the injured knee (except within the exercise group, p < 0.05) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that engaging in exercise after an ACL injury may help reduce kinesophobia levels. However, factors such as gender, age, sports history, ACL surgery, and the injured knee do not seem to significantly affect kinesophobia, except within the exercise group. This highlights the potential importance of exercise in recovery, regardless of demographic or injury-related variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to examine the available evidence regarding the effect of the total duration in minutes of Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) on pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and PeDro databases covering the last 5 years up to February 2024. No meta-analysis was performed, and qualitative analysis was conducted in narrative and tabular form. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. All studies included patients with chronic low back pain aged over 18. PNE was provided either as a standalone intervention or in combination with other therapies such as exercise, with total duration ranging from 100 to 240 minutes. Primary outcome measures focused on pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia, while secondary outcomes included pain and functional disability. Conclusions: No significant correlation was established between the total duration of PNE and improvement in primary outcome measures. However, findings suggest that combining PNE with exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain leads to greater improvements in kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing compared to exercise alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between subjectively declared physical activity before the ankle sprain injury and the level of kinesiophobia after this injury among young adults actively participating in tourism and recreation. Method. The study included 115 participants with an ASI, who were divided into two groups: active (65 patients) and inactive (50 patients). FAAM, FABQ and TSK-17 were used to assess the level of fear and avoidance of physical activity. Findings. The results did not show a statistically significant relationship between TSK-17 and the level of physical activity before ATC injury in both groups (p=0.271). There was a statistically significant correlation between TSK-17 and FAAM, as well as FABQ with FAAM-ADL and mean FAAM in both groups (p<0.05), stronger in the inactive group. Kinesiophobia after an ASI may affect both active and inactive people. A higher level of foot functionality significantly reduces the feeling of kinesiophobia, fear and avoidance of physical activity, especially in inactive patients who undertake less physical and tourist challenges. Research and conclusions limitations. Empirical research was conducted on a group of people one month to two years after ASI injury. The full medical history, imaging diagnostics and treatment are not described in this study. Practical implications. In the study, kinesiophobia after ankle sprains was assessed in active individuals, predicting their return to leisure activities and offering insights to aid those with ACI in resuming tourist and recreational pursuits. Originality. The use of standardised research questionnaires to assess the level of fear and avoidance of physical activity among people with different levels of recreation activity is rarely the subject of research in available scientific studies, which may be an inspiration for other researchers. Type of paper. This is an article presenting the results of empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiac risk factors and diseases exacerbate anxiety and may cause exercise sensitivity by increasing awareness of physical conditions. However, the extent to which exercise sensitivity influences the level of physical activity and kinesiophobia in CVD patients is unclear. Aim: The current study aimed to determine exercise sensitivity and its associated kinesiophobia and physical activity levels in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Material and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 43 patients diagnosed with CCS and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Exercise sensitivity (questionnaire created by researchers), physical activity levels (short form Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), and kinesiophobia (Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale Heart, TSK-H) were evaluated. Results: The exercise sensitivity score (ESS, 37.40 ±7.38 and 33.65 ±5.83, p = 0.010) was higher in the CSS group. During exercise, feeling pain, depletion of energy fatigue, chest pain, chest tightness, dizziness, palpitations, dyspnoea, and fainting frightened the patients (p < 0.05). The TSK-H score was higher, and the difference was significant in CCS patients compared the healthy controls (p = 0.007). Tye physical activity level was lower in patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001), and 58.1% of CCS patients were inactive. ESS was significantly associated with IPAQ score (r = -0.360; p = 0.018) and TKS-H score (r = 0.529; p < 0.001) in CCS patients. According to linear regression analyses, exercise sensitivity explains 25% of kinesiophobia and physical activity. Conclusions: Patients with CCS exhibit fear and sensitivity towards exercise, and these fears contribute to high levels of kinesiophobia and low physical activity levels. Future studies should be designed based on exercise sensitivity to increase participation in exercise-based programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo explore the chain-mediating role and impact of rumination and psychological resilience on symptom burden and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic heart failure.MethodsWe selected a total of 318 patients with chronic heart failure from a hospital in Wuxi between November 2023 and May 2024 using a convenience sampling method. Various scales and questionnaires assessed general information, symptom burden, resilience, rumination thinking, and kinesiophobia. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and the bootstrap method to examine the chain mediation effect.ResultsThe scores for symptom burden, rumination, psychological resilience, and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic heart failure were 0.81± 0.47, 50.63± 9.02, 23.43± 6.26, and 38.91± 8.01, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that symptom burden had a direct positive predictive effect on rumination (β = 0.475, 95% CI: 0.365–0.584), rumination had a direct negative predictive effect on psychological resilience (β = -0.199, 95% CI: -0.306–0.092), and psychological resilience had a direct negative predictive effect on kinesiophobia (β = -0.273, 95% CI: -0.340–0.206). Rumination and psychological resilience played a chain mediation role between symptom burden and kinesiophobia, with a total effect of 0.606, a direct effect of 0.380, and an indirect effect of 0.226. The mediation effect accounted for 37.29% of the total effect.ConclusionKinesiophobia is at a high level in patients with chronic heart failure. Symptom burden can affect patients’ kinesiophobia through the independent or chain mediation effects of rumination and psychological resilience. Healthcare professionals should actively adopt strategies to address symptom burden and rumination while enhancing psychological resilience to reduce patients’ kinesiophobia.

Chronic pain affects individuals’ activity levels. Three activity patterns are observed among individuals with chronic pain: avoidance, overdoing, and regularization. According to fear - avoidance models, kinesiophobia is related to pain severity and disability. Kinesiophobia is a psychological factor that attracts attention in people with persistent pain, is related to the severity and persistence of pain. The aim of this study was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with chronic inflammatory low back pain (ILBP) and mechanical low back pain (MLBP), in relation to kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain/activity patterns. A total of 89 people (45 MLBP, 44 ILBP) aged 18-65 were included in this cross-sectional study. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to inquire about for the duration of axial spondylarthritis diagnosis, duration of LBP, duration of morning stiffness, general pain, pain during movement, and night pain. Patients' fear of movement due to pain was assessed with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS), pattern changes in daily activities were assessed with the Pain-Activity Pattern Scale (PAPS), and fear-avoidance was assessed with the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). The scores obtained were compared. There was no statistically significant difference between the MLBP and ILBP groups in terms of age (p=0.202), BMI (p=0.124), gender (0.459), education level (p=0.082) and VAS-movement (p=0.071), FABQ score (0.277), PAPSa (p=0.454), PAPSe (0.596), PAPSs (p=0.247), and TKS score (p=0167). Whereas a statistically significant difference was found between the duration of morning stiffness (p=0.001), pain duration (p=0.018), VAS resting (p=0.001), and VAS night (p=0.001) score. It was observed that high resting and night VAS scores in the ILBP group were not associated with fear-avoidance and kinesiophobia behaviors any more than in the MLBP group. The fear- avoidance and kinesiophobia behaviors of both groups were affected to a similar extent, even though the pain type was different.

Abstract This study aimed to compare functional outcomes sequentially up to 1 year after combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) and isolated ACLR. Fifty patients who underwent ACLR with versus without ALLR were analyzed at four different time points (preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively). For the functional outcomes, muscle strength and acceleration time (AT) were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Proprioception was evaluated using joint position sense and dynamic postural stability. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) scores. Functional performance was assessed using single-leg hop distance (SLHD) and Limb Symmetry Index. In the operated knees, quadriceps (at 6 months postoperatively, p = 0.003) and hamstring (at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, p

Abstract Objective The clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) after Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial, and the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of CBT on pain, knee function, and psychological status of patients after TKA. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases such as CNKI, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for randomized controlled studies up to February 30, 2023. Screening against inclusion criteria to select valid studies and extract data. The quality of included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for randomized trials. Statistical analysis of the data from this study was carried out using Stata 15.1 software. Results Finally, our meta-analysis incorporated seven randomized controlled studies of high quality, including 608 patients. The findings of the meta-analysis demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in kinesiophobia levels during the early postoperative phase in the CBT group as compared to the usual care group (WMD = -6.35, 95% CI: -7.98 to -4.72, Z = 7.64, P

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine balance, lumbar multifidus muscle thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA), pain, disability and kinesiophobia levels, and to compare these parameters in terms of gender in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 59 patients, 33 (55.9%) female and 26 (44.1%) male, diagnosed with LSS by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Low back and leg pains, dynamic and static balances, disability and kinesiophobia levels of patients with LSS were evaluated. Lumbar multifidus muscle thickness and total CSA were obtained from MRI images. Obtained data were compared according to gender. Results: Females had significantly more low back pain than males (p=0.043), in patients with LSS. Additionally, females with LSS had worse dynamic and static balances (p=0.005, and p=0.001, respectively) and higher levels of disability (p=0.001), and kinesiophobia (p=0.001). Females with LSS had less lumbar multifidus muscle thickness and CSA than males on both the right and left sides. Also, right multifidus muscle thickness correlated with both dynamic (r=-0.289; p=0.027) and static (r=0.349; p=0.007) balances. Significant correlations were detected between low back and leg pain with dynamic and static balances, disability, and kinesiophobia in patients with LSS. Conclusion: Females with LSS have higher levels of pain, disability, and kinesiophobia than males. Also, LSS affects females' balance functions more and causes further degeneration of the multifidus muscle. Therefore, gender differences should be examined during the clinical follow-up process in LSS.

Background and Study Aim. Since athletes tend to be addicted to exercise, they are at a higher risk of experiencing sports injuries compared to others. Exercise addiction and kinesiophobia, which is the fear of (re)injury and movement after an injury, are distinct but related concepts for athletes. It has been stated that mindfulness helps individuals to diminish their kinesiophobia. However, little is known about the relationship between exercise addiction, kinesiophobia, and mindfulness among athletes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate kinesiophobia, exercise addiction, and mindfulness among athletes and to examine the effect of certain variables on these three concepts. Material and Methods. The sample of the study consisted of 313 athletes over the age of 18. Participants were included in the study on a voluntary basis, using the convenience sampling method. Study data were collected with the 'Demographic Form', the 'Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia', and the 'Exercise Addiction Scale'. Results. The study discovered that national athletes exhibited statistically higher levels of exercise addiction compared to non-national athletes. Similarly, athletes suffering from chronic pain showed higher exercise addiction scores than those without chronic pain. Furthermore, athletes who had sustained sports injuries demonstrated higher exercise addiction levels compared to those who had not. It was also determined that athletes with pain or movement limitations due to sports injuries exhibited increased levels of kinesiophobia compared to those without such limitations. In addition, athletes with chronic pain reported higher levels of kinesiophobia compared to their counterparts without chronic pain. Female athletes were found to have higher levels of mindful awareness compared to male athletes. Additionally, when analyzing the relationship between these three parameters, a negative correlation was observed between kinesiophobia and mindfulness among athletes. Conclusions. While kinesiophobia and exercise addiction are not directly related, there is a negative relationship between kinesiophobia and mindfulness. Furthermore, chronic pain and limitations in movement after a sports injury are identified as risk factors for kinesiophobia. Additionally, being a national athlete, experiencing chronic pain, and sustaining sports injuries are considered risk factors for exercise addiction.

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is essential and effective for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. A greater understanding of the longitudinal change in PA and its influencing factors during the postdischarge transition period may help create interventions for improving PA. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the change in PA, (2) to examine the influencing factors of PA change, and (3) to verify the mediating pathways between influencing factors and PA during the postdischarge transition period in CHF patients. Methods A total of 209 CHF patients were recruited using a longitudinal study design. The Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Patient-reported Outcome Measure for CHF (CHF-PRO), and the Chinese version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK-Heart) were used to assess PA, CHF-related symptoms, and kinesiophobia. The IPAQ score was calculated (1) at admission, (2) two weeks after discharge, (3) two months after discharge, and (4) three months after discharge. Two additional questionnaires were collected during admission. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were fitted to identify variables associated with PA over time. We followed the STROBE checklist for reporting the study. Results The PA scores at the four follow-up visits were 1039.50 (346.50-1953.00) (baseline/T1), 630.00 (1.00-1260.00) (T2), 693.00 (1-1323.00) (T3) and 693.00 (160.88–1386.00) (T4). The PA of CHF patients decreased unevenly, with the lowest level occurring two weeks after discharge, and gradually improving at two and three months after discharge. CHF-related symptoms and kinesiophobia were significantly associated with changes in PA over time. Compared with before hospitalization, an increase in CHF-related symptoms at two weeks and two months after discharge was significantly associated with decreased PA. According to our path analysis, CHF-related symptoms were positively and directly associated with kinesiophobia, and kinesiophobia was negatively and directly related to PA. Moreover, CHF-related symptoms are indirectly related to PA through kinesiophobia. Conclusion PA changed during the postdischarge transition period and was associated with CHF-related symptoms and kinesiophobia in CHF patients. Reducing CHF-related symptoms helps improve kinesiophobia in CHF patients. In addition, the reduction in CHF-related symptoms led to an increase in PA through the improvement of kinesiophobia. Trial Registration The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (11/10/2022 ChiCTR2200064561 retrospectively registered).

Individuals suffering from non-communicable NCDs often experience chronic pain, which can directly contribute to the development of kinesiophobia and fear of movement, significantly impacting the quality of life and physical activity (PA) of chronically ill patients. This review aims to examine the impact of kinesiophobia on PA, quality of life, and the rehabilitation process in patients with diabetes, cancer, and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The research methodology is based on a systematic literature review using six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar), conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The review included 81 articles (comprising experimental studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews). The prevalence of kinesiophobia and fear of movement among patients with chronic diseases ranged from 42.85% to 93%, depending on the type of condition. The average prevalence rate of kinesiophobia in the entire analyzed group was 63.6%, which highlights the significance of the problem in relation to the chronic diseases discussed. The presence of movement-related fear in individuals with chronic illnesses represents a significant barrier to engaging in PA, which can directly impact their quality of life. Future research is recommended to focus on identifying risk factors and the influence of kinesiophobia on various aspects of life, allowing for clearer understanding and coherence.

Background Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) frequently present with kinesiophobia. Although kinesiophobia is found to affect outcomes such as affect pain and quality of life in patients with CLBP, it is unclear whether kinesiophobia is linked to reduction of muscle endurance in these patients. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the impact of kinesiophobia on lumbar extensor endurance in patients with CLBP and asymptomatic individuals. Methods This case-control study was proceeded with 200 patients with CLBP and 400 controls. Kinesiophobia, lumbar endurance and Pain intensity were assessed with Tampa Scale, Soren’s lumbar extensor test and visual analog scale respectively. Regression model was administered to explore the relationship between kinesiophobia and lumbar extensor endurance. Results Prevalence of kinesiophobia was found to be higher in patients with CLBP (30%) than in controls (11%) which is (6.49 ± 0.52, d= 1.07) more in CLBP than controls. Lumbar endurance was significantly lower in CLBP than controls (-20.5±6.84), further affected by the presence of kinesiophobia as lumbar endurance was negatively correlated (r = - 0.09) to Kinesiophobia. Moreover, VAS (r = 0.2) was positively correlated with kinesiophobia in patients with CLBP. Discussion and conclusion A high prevalence of kinesiophobia was reported by patients with CLBP. The presence of kinesiophobia exhibited strong linear relationship with lumbar endurance, and pain intensity among patients with CLBP. Hence management of CLBP should comprise of an assessment of kinesiophobia and appropriate treatment strategies to address it in preventing persistent CLBP. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05079893 Registered on 14/10/2021.

Aim(s) Design Methods Results Conclusions Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To explore the mediating role of coping styles in the association between illness perception and kinesiophobia in atrial fibrillation patients.A cross‐sectional survey.Between June 2021 and November 2022, data were collected using a self‐designed demographic questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK‐SV Heart) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). The sample comprised 474 atrial fibrillation patients recruited from three hospitals in China. To analyse the data, multiple linear regression models with forced entry were employed, and the mediation Mode 4 of the PROCESS macro in SPSS was implemented.In total, 57.8% of patients exhibited a high level of kinesiophobia. Regression analyses uncovered associations between kinesiophobia and various demographic and disease characteristics, as well as assessments of both illness perception and coping styles. Path analysis results indicated that illness perception reduced kinesiophobia through the mediating effect of confrontation, while avoidance and resignation intensified kinesiophobia. The mediating factor of coping styles explained a significant 53% of the overall effect.Coping styles mediate the relationship between illness perception and kinesiophobia, resulting in a shift in coping styles as illness perception decreases and ultimately leading to reduced kinesiophobia.Coping styles play a mediating role in the relationship between kinesiophobia and illness perception. The results suggest healthcare providers in identifying high‐risk individuals and tailoring interventions to effectively break the vicious cycle of kinesiophobia. Therefore, screening and intervening with patients showcasing heightened illness perception aims to promote a transformation in coping styles, subsequently reducing atrial fibrillation kinesiophobia.The results of the observations were reported in adherence to the STROBE criteria.No patient and public involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the characteristics of and the associations between health-related quality of life, pain, craniomandibular function, and psychosocial factors related to pain and fear of movement in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: Seventy-eight patients diagnosed with HNC were recruited. Measurements of the maximum mouth opening range and pressure pain thresholds on the masseter muscle and the distal phalanx of the thumb were conducted, as well as a battery of self-report questionnaires were administrated, including the QoL Questionnaire (EORT QLQ-H&N35), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Spanish translation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders (TSK-TMD), and the short version of the Craniofacial Pain and Disability Inventory (CF-PDI-11). Results: The study sample (66.7% men, mean age 60.12 [11.95] years) experienced a moderate impact on their QoL levels (57.68 [18.25] EORT QLQ-H&N35) and high kinesiophobia values (20.49 [9.11] TSK-TMD). Pain was present in 41% of the patients, but only 3.8% reported severe pain. 26.4% had a restricted mouth opening range, and 34.62% showed significant catastrophism levels. There were strong positive correlations between EORT QLQ-H&N35 and CF-PDI-11 (r = 0.81), between NRS and CF-PDI-11 (r = 0.74), and between PCS and CF-PDI-11 (r = 0.66). Conclusion: Patients with HNC experience negative effects in their QoL, related to their impairment in craniomandibular function. Fear of movement, pain intensity, and catastrophism are associated with poorer functionality; relationships that should be considered when attempting to improve health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the short- and long-term effects of virtual reality training (VRT) on pain, range of motion (RoM), kinesiophobia and perceived function in patients with chronic neck pain (CNP). We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro databases for studies assessing effect of VRT against conventional therapy in CNP patients. Separate analyzes were performed for short-term (immediately after the intervention) and long-term (at follow-up) outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed with PEDro scale and the quality of evidence was assessed according to GRADE guidelines. We found 11 studies, 8 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Most studies had good methodological quality (6–8 points on the PEDro scale). The analysis showed significant differences in favour of VRT for neck disability index (long-term), kinesiophobia (long-term), and neck flexion RoM (short-term). No significant differences were found for pain intensity in the short- and long-term assessments. Heterogeneity between effect sizes was high in most analyzes, and the quality of evidence was low. Low quality evidence suggests that VRT may contribute to long-term improvements in perceived function and kinesiophobia in CNP patients compared with conventional training programs. However, VRT and conventional training programs have similar effects on overall neck RoM and pain intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the anxiety level to perform movements in patients after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) combined with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) compared to patients after revision ACLR without LET. Methods: Ninety patients who underwent revision ACLR with ipsilateral bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and with a minimum of 12 months follow-up were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who received revision ACLR in combination with LET (revision ACLR_LET group; mean follow-up: 29.4 months, range: 12–80 months), and patients who received revision ACLR without LET (revision ACLR group; mean follow-up: 61.1 months, range: 22–192 months). All patients filled in a questionnaire about anxiety level related to physical activity and sports, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form (IKDCsubjective), and the Tegner Activity Score. Results: Patients in the revision ACLR_LET group had a significantly lower anxiety level to perform movements than patients in the revision ACLR group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in KOOS, IKDCsubjective, and Tegner Activity Scores. Conclusions: Patients who received LET in addition to revision ACLR have a lower anxiety level to perform movements than patients with revision ACLR alone, despite non-different subjective functional outcomes. Study design: Retrospective cohort study, Level of evidence: III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare functional outcomes sequentially up to 1 year after combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) and isolated ACLR. Fifty patients who underwent ACLR with versus without ALLR were analyzed at four different time points (preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively). For the functional outcomes, muscle strength and acceleration time (AT) were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Proprioception was evaluated using joint position sense and dynamic postural stability. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) scores. Functional performance was assessed using single-leg hop distance (SLHD) and Limb Symmetry Index. In the operated knees, quadriceps (at 6 months postoperatively, p = 0.003) and hamstring (at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, p < 0.001) strength were significantly higher in the combined ACLR and ALLR group than the isolated ACLR group. The TSK-11 (at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, p < 0.001) was significantly lower in the combined ACLR and ALLR group than the isolated ACLR group. SLHD was significantly higher in the combined ACLR and ALLR group than the isolated ACLR group (at 6 months, p = 0.022 and at 12 months, p = 0.024). The addition of ALLR to primary ACLR yielded better muscle performance, fear of movement, and functional performance than isolated ACLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a lack of research on the relationship between pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and physical activity (PA) in people with haemophilia (PWH), and the underlying mechanisms connecting these variables remain unclear. Aim: The study's aim was to clarify the roles of kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy in the relationship between pain catastrophizing and PA in PWH. Methods: This cross‐sectional study included adult PWH at the Haemophilia Centre of a Tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. The following questionnaires were used to collect data: the general information, the International Physical Activity Short Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Scale, and the Exercise Self‐Efficacy Scale. Results: The study included a total of 187 PWH, including 154 having haemophilia A and 33 having haemophilia B. The median interquartile range of PA was 594 (198, 1554) MET‐min/wk. There were significant differences in PA of patients based on age stage, treatment modality, highest pain score within the last seven days, and presence of haemophilic arthropathy (p <.05). It was showed that pain catastrophizing could directly predict PA (p <.001), accounting for 38.13% of the total effect. Pain catastrophizing also had indirect effects on PA through the mediating factors of kinesiophobia or self‐efficacy, and through the chain‐mediating effect of kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy, accounting for 38.40%, 17.07%, and 6.40%, respectively. Conclusion: The study discovered that PWH have limited PA due to pain catastrophizing. This not only directly affects their activity but also indirectly influences it through kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis leads to a number of problems, such as falls and fractures. Therefore, it is very important to identify the problems and prevent these risks. With the aging of the world population, senile osteoporosis has gained importance. The aim of this study was to investigate sarcopenia risk, physical activity level, fall risk, kinesiophobia and quality of life in older people with and without osteoporosis. Demographic characteristics of individuals over 65 years of age with and without osteoporosis were noted. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire for the physical activity status of the participants, the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) for fear of movement, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for the postural control assessment, the Functional Reach Test (FRT) for the functional balance assessment, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) for functional mobility assessment, the Strength, Assistance, Rise, Climb, Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire for sarcopenia risk, and the QUALEFFO-41 scale for quality of life assessment were used. A total of 71 participants were included in our study. While BBS and FRT results were significantly lower in the osteoporotic group (p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively), SARC-F scores were significantly higher than in the non-osteoporotic group (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in PASE, TKS, TUGT, and QUALLEFO-41 scores between the two groups (p>0.05). In the elderly population, the presence of osteoporosis was associated with the risk of balance impairment and sarcopenia but not with kinesiophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The prevalence of kinesiophobia in older patients with primary osteoporosis was 57.01 % in this study. • In older patients with primary osteoporosis, correlations were observed between kinesiophobia and chronic pain, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. • Risk factors for kinesiophobia in this population included age, history of fractures, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), lumbar disc herniation, chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, while mindfulness was seemed to be a potential protective factor against kinesiophobia. To explore the prevalence of kinesiophobia in older patients with primary osteoporosis and analyze its influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 221 older patients with primary osteoporosis in a general hospital in Kunming, China. Data were collected through a sociodemographic-clinical questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), Global Pain Scale (GPS), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). SPSS 27.0 software was utilized for univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. The findings revealed that the prevalence of kinesiophobia in this study was 57.01 %. Age, history of fractures, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lumbar disc herniation, chronic pain, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression were identified as significant influencing factors of kinesiophobia in the binary logistic regression analyses. Healthcare professionals should be attentive to occurrence of kinesiophobia. Timely measures should be implemented to improve pain, anxiety and depression, and employ mindfulness interventions to mitigate kinesiophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effect of eight-week zumba exercises on kinesiophobia views in sedentary women. The survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. Forty sedentary female participants (age: 46.45±5.40 years, weight: 69.97±13.62 kg, height: 162.90±5.52 cm, BMI: 26.41±5.24 kg/m2) were randomly selected. Participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Participants were enrolled in eight weeks (2 days/week) of outdoor Zumba training. Kinesiophobia levels were measured before and after the exercise with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale developed by Miller et al. Kinesiophobia levels were also analyzed according to smoking and alcohol use, chronic disease and income status. Repeated Measures Anova test was used for statistical analysis. The kinesiophobia levels of the participants did not change significantly after eight weeks of Zumba exercise (p>0.05). The kinesiophobia levels of the participants were not significantly affected by smoking [F (2, 17) =.832, η2p= .089, p=.452], alcohol use [F (2, 17) =.221, η2p= .025, p=. 804], having a chronic disease [F (2, 17) =1.911, η2p= .096, p=.184], and income status [F (2, 17) =.132, η2p= .015, p=.878]. However, the effect size of the change in those with chronic disease was within Cohen's high reference interval. In conclusion, eight weeks of Zumba exercises did not change the level of kinesiophobia in sedentary women. However, the most surprising finding in our study was that the effect size of the change in those with chronic disease parameters was very high. This may be thought to be due to the high baseline level of kinesiophobia in those with chronic diseases. Therefore, individuals with chronic diseases can perform Zumba exercises under the supervision of a doctor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Sport & Exercise / Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Sport & Exercise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Journal of Respiratory & Physical Therapy (AJRPT) is the property of Asociacion Civil Cientifica de Difusion y Promocion de la Kinesiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) after Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial, and the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of CBT on pain, knee function, and psychological status of patients after TKA. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases such as CNKI, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for randomized controlled studies up to February 30, 2023. Screening against inclusion criteria to select valid studies and extract data. The quality of included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for randomized trials. Statistical analysis of the data from this study was carried out using Stata 15.1 software. Results: Finally, our meta-analysis incorporated seven randomized controlled studies of high quality, including 608 patients. The findings of the meta-analysis demonstrated a noteworthy decrease in kinesiophobia levels during the early postoperative phase in the CBT group as compared to the usual care group (WMD = -6.35, 95% CI: -7.98 to -4.72, Z = 7.64, P < 0.001). However, no statistically significant difference between the CBT and usual care groups in terms of postoperative pain as well as knee function. Conclusion: CBT may effectively reduce the level of kinesiophobia in the short term after TKA, but did not significantly relieve knee pain or improve knee function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Hyperlordosis (HL) is an excessive increase in the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, which is known as one of the causes of the prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP). It seems that performing specialized exercises to reduce this angle can help improve patients with chronic back pain. This study aims to determine the effect of Egoscue exercises and the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) exercises along with the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver (ADIM) on pain and lordosis angle in women with CLBP. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial will be conducted in Qom City in 2024. Seventy-five women with CLBP and HL participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into one control and two experimental groups of Egoscue and NASM exercises along with ADIM (25 people in either group). Exercises in the intervention groups were performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week. During this time, the control group had their usual life routine. Lordosis angle, pain, disability, quality of life, kinesiophobia, body awareness, and pain self-efficacy were evaluated at the end of the fourth and eighth weeks, using a flexible ruler, Visual Analog, McGill, Roland-Morris, SF-36, Tampa, Body Awareness, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaires, respectively. Discussion: Comparing the effectiveness of different exercise methods at different times can help improve women with CLBP and HL by identifying the most effective exercises in the shortest time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is associated with decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system. The objective of this study was to determine the associations between objective measures of heart rate variability (a measure of autonomic nervous system function), actigraphy (a measure of activity and sleep quality), respiration rates, and subjective patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) of central sensitization, kinesiophobia, disability, the effect of pain on sleep, and life quality. Methods: Thirty‐eight study subjects were divided into two subgroups, including low symptoms of central sensitization (n = 18) and high symptoms of central sensitization (n = 20), based on patient‐reported scores on the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Heart rate variability (HRV) and actigraphy measurements were carried out simultaneously in 24 h measurement during wakefulness and sleep. Results: A decrease in HRV during the first 2 h of sleep was stronger in the low CSI subgroup compared to the high CSI subgroup. Otherwise, all other HRV and actigraphy parameters and subjective measures of central sensitization, disability, kinesiophobia, the effect of pain on sleep, and quality of life showed only little associations. Discussion: The high CSI subgroup reported significantly more severe symptoms of disability, kinesiophobia, sleep, and quality of life compared to the low CSI subgroup. However, there were only small and nonsignificant trend in increased sympathetic nervous system activity and poorer sleep quality on the high central sensitization subgroup. Moreover, very little differences in respiratory rates were found between the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy to treat chronic pain continues to rise. Optimal patient selection remains one of the most important factors for SCS success. However, despite increased utilization and the existence of general indications, predicting which patients will benefit from neuromodulation remains one of the main challenges for this therapy. Therefore, this study aims to identify the variables that may correlate with nonresponders to high‐frequency (10 kHz) SCS to distinguish the subset of patients less likely to benefit from this intervention. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective single‐center observational study of patients who underwent 10 kHz SCS implant. Patients were divided into nonresponders and responders groups. Demographic data and clinical outcomes were collected at baseline and statistical analysis was performed for all continuous and categorical variables between the two groups to calculate statistically significant differences. Results: The study population comprised of 237 patients, of which 67.51% were responders and 32.49% were nonresponders. There was a statistically significant difference of high levels of kinesiophobia, high self‐perceived disability, greater pain intensity, and clinically relevant pain catastrophizing at baseline in the nonresponders compared to the responders. A few variables deemed potentially relevant, such as age, gender, history of spinal surgery, diabetes, alcohol use, tobacco use, psychiatric illness, and opioid utilization at baseline were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study is the first in the neuromodulation literature to raise awareness to the association of high levels of kinesiophobia preoperatively in nonresponders to 10 kHz SCS therapy. We also found statistically significant differences with greater pain intensity, higher self‐perceived disability, and clinically relevant pain catastrophizing at baseline in the nonresponders relative to responders. It may be appropriate to screen for these factors preoperatively to identify patients who are less likely to respond to SCS. If these modifiable risk factors are present, it might be prudent to consider a pre‐rehabilitation program with pain neuroscience education to address these factors prior to SCS therapy, to enhance successful outcomes in neuromodulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Sensory Organization Test (SOT), an integral part of computerized dynamic posturography, plays a crucial role in evaluating postural stability under various altered sensory conditions. Despite its importance, there have been noted inconsistencies in the results pertaining to equilibrium and sensory system evaluations. This study aimed to compare four sensory analysis scores and equilibrium indices between older adults with and without fall risks. Methods: The study included 34 participants identified as being at risk of falls and 42 control subjects. To categorize individuals between the two groups, we performed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. This classification was based on scores from the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) and the composite scores obtained from the SOT. In addition, we used the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) as well as the level of disability. Results: The fall risk group demonstrated significantly higher TSK scores (39.39 ± 15.24 for control group vs. 54.65 ± 10.70 for fall risk group; t = −5.09, p = 0.001). The groups demonstrated a significant interaction on the equilibrium index (F = 4.59, p = 0.03), which was lower in the fall risk group in Condition 6 with a moving surface and surround and eyes open (t = 2.29, p = 0.01). The fall risk group demonstrated a higher somatosensory score (t = −1.73, p = 0.04). Conclusions: The fall risk group had a lower equilibrium index score in Condition six of the SOT, which was useful for identifying deficits in vestibular function to integrate sensory information under challenging conditions for postural adaptation. This strategy suggested that the fall risk group could compensate for their risk of falls by utilizing more effective somatosensory reweighting strategies compared with the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aims of this study were to assess the psychological, functional, and physical differences between patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and individuals who were asymptomatic (controls) to analyze clinical differences among 4 subtypes of FAI (cam type, cam type with labral tear, pincer type, and pincer type with labral tear), to calculate the correlations among the variables described, and to identify risk factors contributing to the hip function variance. Methods A case–control study was conducted at a hospital rehabilitation unit with a cohort of individuals who were asymptomatic (controls) and a cohort of patients with FAI. Sociodemographic characteristics, pain intensity, psychological health status, hip range of motion (RoM), hip isometric strength, and hip function were assessed. Results A total of 69 controls and 69 patients with FAI were analyzed. Although sociodemographic characteristics were comparable between samples, poorer hip RoM, strength, and psychological health were found for the cases. FAI subtypes showed no significant pain intensity, psychological health, or RoM differences (except for hip adduction), but hip strength differed among FAI subtypes. Multiple significant correlations between psychological health, pain intensity, RoM, strength, and hip function were found. The variance values of the International Hip Outcome Tool, Hip Outcome Score (HOS) for daily living activities, and HOS for sports activities were partially explained (47.6%, 36.0%, and 21.6%, respectively) on the basis of kinesiophobia, hip strength, self-efficacy, and anxiety. Conclusion Patients with FAI showed poorer psychological health, hip RoM, and strength than individuals who were asymptomatic and had similar sociodemographic characteristics. FAI subtype influenced the patients' clinical presentations. Hip strength, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and self-efficacy should be targeted for improving hip function, as they have been demonstrated to be important contributors to hip disability. Impact This study demonstrated that pain catastrophizing, hip strength, and hip adduction differed among FAI subtypes. However, hip function and pain intensity were comparable between FAI subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Patients with heart failure (HF) can exhibit kinesiophobia, an excessive, debilitating, and irrational fear of movement. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of kinesiophobia in patients with HF by analysing associations with the following variables: musculoskeletal pain, quality of life, quality of sleep, functional capacity, disability, frailty, sex, and age. Methods and results In this cross-sectional study, 107 participants were included, with ages ranging from 28 to 97 years (57% men, mean age 73.18 ± 12.68 years). Multiple regression analyses were performed with all variables, including polynomial regressions for variables with a non-linear relationship. Kinesiophobia was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with musculoskeletal pain, quality of life, quality of sleep, functional capacity, disability, and being at risk of frailty, while age and sex were not statistically significant. Frailty disability and musculoskeletal pain intensity were variables linearly associated with kinesiophobia, while quality of sleep and disability had a non-linear relationship with kinesiophobia. Conclusion Kinesiophobia needs to be evaluated and better understood in patients with HF to improve physical activity and exercise adherence. This study found that musculoskeletal pain intensity, quality of sleep, disability, and frailty risk have a significant association with kinesiophobia in patients with HF. Our results suggest multi-dimensional associations of kinesiophobia in patients with HF, which require further examination and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic shoulder pain may cause significant functional disability and reduced psychosocial well-being. Detailed Case Description: In this case, we propose the use of pain neuroscience education and whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) to treat a 64-year-old woman with severe functional limitations and chronic right shoulder pain. The aim was to overcome kinesiophobia and improve her motor function, autonomy, and quality of life. Functional and clinical assessments were conducted at admission, discharge, and at a one-month follow-up via phone call. The patient's global health, shoulder function, and quality of life showed improvement during hospitalisation and were maintained after one month. Discussion: Pain education is crucial in managing chronic shoulder pain, especially in addressing kinesiophobia and promoting positive patient outcomes. In this context, WBC was used as a supplementary treatment to traditional pain relief and exercise tolerance therapies. This can help individuals to participate more actively in their rehabilitation process, ultimately promoting functional recovery and an improved quality of life. Conclusion: The combination of cryostimulation, tailored physical exercises, pain education, manual therapy, and psychological support created a synergistic effect that addressed both the physical and psychological aspects of pain and kinesiophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain is a non-harmous condition often found in the general population. It is one of the most significant disabilities and needs different treatment modalities. This study investigates the effects of pain neuroscience education and physiotherapy on pain intensity, fear of movement and functional status in a Lithuanian cohort with non-specific low back pain. Methods: The study was performed at the primary health care unit in Kaunas, Lithuania. The key inclusion criterion was persistent non-specific low back pain longer than three months and which affects daily life functions. Thirty participants (mean 33.47, SD 4.38 years age, 70% women) were randomised into two training groups with and without pain neuroscience education (for a total of 60 min of teaching). Physiotherapy was performed twice per week during 45 min/session for a period of 10 weeks with exercises which strengthen, stabilize, and stretch the spinal cord muscles. Outcomes included pain intensity, kinesiophobia and disability and these were measured by self-scored questionnaires (numeric rating scale, Tampa scale for kinesiophobia-11, Oswestry disability index and the Roland–Morris questionnaire, respectively). Results: The results indicate that both groups improved in the measured outcomes, with the only difference between them being a better improvement in kinesiophobia in the group receiving physiotherapy and pain neuroscience education. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that a relatively short intervention of pain neuroscience education enhances the effects of physiotherapy and should be implemented in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensorimotor impairment following distal radius fracture (DRF) has been associated with a significant decline in function. Joint position sense (JPS) testing is a meaningful and responsive way to assess sensorimotor impairment for individuals who have sustained a DRF; however, there are factors that may influence the results of JPS testing, including kinesiophobia and pain intensity. This study aimed to evaluate the influence kinesiophobia may have on wrist JPS testing and if pain intensity impacts kinesiophobia and JPS in individuals with a DRF. This was a cross-sectional study. Participants referred from two medical centers with a diagnosis of DRF treated with at least 3 weeks of immobilization were enrolled in the study. Data were collected at 1 week and 6 weeks postimmobilization period. Demographics were summarized with descriptive statistics, and linear relationships between kinesiophobia, pain intensity, and wrist JPS were examined using Pearson correlation coefficient. Forty-eight participants were included in this study (mean age 42.9 years). Significant positive correlations were found between the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS; r = 0.951, p < 0.001), TSK and JPS error (r = 0.942, p < 0.001), as well as NRS and JPS error (r = 0.898, p < 0.001). These correlations indicate that higher levels of kinesiophobia are associated with increased pain intensity and greater JPS error. T -tests reveal no significant difference between male and female for the TSK, NRS, or JPS scores. There is an association for individuals with high levels of kinesiophobia and both greater pain and errors with JPS testing. • Information on the relevance of the relationship between kinesiophobia, pain intensity, and wrist JPS testing error following a DRF is lacking. • An evaluation of psychological factors is relevant and clinically meaningful for clinicians when assessing and treating individuals with DRF. • High levels of kinesiophobia are associated with greater pain intensity and JPS error for individuals who sustained a DRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]