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OBJETIVO: construir y validar un índice de condiciones de vida para los jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años habitantes de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Medellín y describir su comportamiento tanto individual como contextual. MATERIALES Y METODOS: se condujo un estudio transversal en una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.066 jóvenes a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento validado por apariencia y criterio, cuyos dominios conceptuales referían las condiciones de vida de los jóvenes. Mediante la aplicación de la cuantificación óptima y del análisis de componentes principales, se eligió la primera componente principal como el índice de condiciones de vida de los adolescentes jóvenes (ICVAJ), previo cumplimiento de la pertinencia del procedimiento aplicado y tipificación para que variara entre 0 y 100 puntos. Este se validó siguiendo procedimientos técnicos apropiados y luego se describió en general, según edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y zona de residencia. Se construyó un modelo multinivel con las variables individuales y de contexto donde el ICVAJ desempeño el rol de variable dependiente. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: el puntaje promedio del ICVAJ fue de 57,7, el cual fue mayor en las mujeres; el ICVAJ promedio aumentaba al ascender de nivel socioeconómico y disminuía al incrementarse la edad en un año. Los puntajes del ICVAJ más bajos los obtuvieron quienes vivían en las zonas nororiental y noroccidental. Según el modelo multinivel, la tasa de desempleo en la comuna tiene efecto en el ICVAJ. Los resultados sustentan la necesidad de realizar monitoreo de las condiciones de vida de los adolescentes jóvenes en los niveles socioeconómicos de la ciudad, especialmente en aquellas zonas más deprimidas. OBJECTIVE: to provide information about life conditions among young adolescents who are 15-19 years of age, and who live in the urban area of Medellin, Colombia based on different qualification of live domains and indicators analyzed through a hierarchical model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative random sample of 1.066 youths who were surveyed with a questionnaire validated by appearance and contents. The questionnaire contained conceptual domains about youth’s life conditions. After the data collection process the optimal scaling technique on data for qualitative variables in order to select principal component was performed. The first principal component was chosen as the Youth’s Life Conditions Index (ylci). The relevancy of the requirements included in the procedure was previously checked. The index we standardized so as their results would vary according to a scale o 0 to 100 points. Once the ylci was validated, ITS results were described in a general way according to age, sex, socioeconomic level, and residence area. A multilevel model was built with the individual and contextual variables that better explain the applied index. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: the lci showed an average of 57.7, which was higher in women; the average lci increased according to higher socioeconomic level and it diminished when age was increased in one year. The lowest lci was obtained from youths living in northeastern and northwestern areas of the city. According to the multilevel analysis pattern, the unemployment rate as a contextual variable in the neighborhood was important in decreasing the lci. The results suggest that it is necessary to perform a monitoring process of inequalities in the life conditions of young adolescents, especially in those areas of the city with very depressed social-economic levels.

The aim of this research was to analyze the individual and socioenvironmental perceived quality of life in the Physical Education teaching career in Public State Schools in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, according to the Professional Cycles of Development (CPD). This research used as instruments the Elementary and High School Physical Education Teachers Evaluation Scale of Life Quality at Work (QVT-PEF), and the Individual Lifestyle Profile. The sample selection process was proportionally stratified by geographical areas of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and randomly selected per conglomerate, including 380 Physical Education teachers (141 males and 239 females), with an age range of 23-60 years old (Average = 40,18; DP = 8,16). For the data analysis, the Chi-Square Test, the Kruskal Wallis Test and the Fischer's Exact Test were adopted, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most teachers were satisfied with their quality of life at work (QVT), except in terms of income and compensation dimensions. The increase in quality of life at work satisfaction levels is associated with the progress in the teaching career, where teachers at tenior position presented the highest levels. Considering the demographic variables and CPD, the highest dissatisfaction levels in relation to wage and working conditions were observed among female teachers and post-graduated teachers in the consolidation and stabilization cycles; while the largest satisfaction levels were presented by married teachers in the diversification cycle and teachers of the consolidation cycle that work at one school only. With regards to the Individual Lifestyle Profile (PEVI), most teachers presented positive perception, especially the teachers in the entrance and consolidation cycles, who presented a more positive profile. The results did not confirm the existence of an association between the individual and socioenvironmental parameters of quality of life. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os parâmetros individuais e sócio-ambientais da qualidade de vida percebida na carreira docente em Educação Física do Magistério Público Estadual/RS, de acordo com os Ciclos de Desenvolvimento Profissional (CDP). Esta pesquisa utilizou como instrumentos de coleta de dados a "Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho Percebida por Professores de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental e Médio" (QVT-PEF), e o "Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual" (PEVI). O processo de seleção da amostra foi estratificado proporcional às regiões geográficas do estado e aleatória por conglomerados, incluindo 380 professores de Educação Física (141 professores e 239 professoras), com idade variando entre 23-60 anos (M = 40,18; DP = 8,16). Na análise dos dados foram empregados os testes Qui-quadrado, Kruskal Walis e Exato de Fischer (p < 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos professores encontra-se satisfeita com a qualidade de vida do docente no trabalho, com exceção da dimensão remuneração e compensação. O aumento do nível de satisfação da qualidade de vida do trabalhador está associado ao avanço na carreira docente, onde os professores do ciclo de estabilização apresentaram os níveis mais elevados. Considerando as variáveis demográficas e os CDP, os maiores níveis de satisfação foram relatados pelos professores casados do ciclo de diversificação e os docentes do ciclo de consolidação que atuam somente numa escola. Em relação ao PEVI, a maioria dos docentes apresentou percepção positiva, sendo que os docentes dos ciclos de entrada e consolidação demonstraram um perfil mais positivo. Os resultados não confirmaram a existência de associação entre os parâmetros individuais e sócio-ambientais da qualidade de vida.

O artigo analisou a evolução das condições de vida das famílias dos empregados na agricultura brasileira no período 1992-2004, com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (Pnad). Para a análise, um Índice de Condições de Vida (ICV) foi elaborado a partir de 17 indicadores selecionados, de forma a mensurar quatro dimensões de grande relevância no cotidiano das famílias: as características do domicílio; o acesso aos serviços públicos; o acesso aos bens duráveis; e a renda média familiar. Para a determinação dos fatores de ponderação do ICV foi usado o método multicritério Macbeth. Os resultados mostraram que houve avanços em, praticamente, todos os tipos de famílias agrícolas, em todas as regiões. Os maiores ICVs foram registrados, no geral, para as famílias urbanas e de empregados permanentes. Em oposição, os ICVs mais baixos eram os das famílias rurais e de empregados temporários. ---- The article analyzed the evolution of life conditions of the employees' families in Brazilian agriculture in the period 1992-2004, based on the National Household Sample Survey (Pnad) data. For the analysis, a Life Conditions Index (LCI) was built assembling 17 selected indicators, in order the measure four relevant dimensions in the families’ daily life: the households’ characteristics; the access to public services; the access to durable goods; and the family average income. The Macbeth approach was used to calculate de LCI’s weights. The results showed that progresses took place in practically all the types of agricultural families in all the Regions. The la rgest LCIs were regist ered for urban families and families of permanent employees. In opposition, the lowest LCIs were the one of the rural families and families of temporary employees.

En aquest text s’aborden diverses qüestions relacionades amb el contracte de rabassa morta. En primer lloc, es recullen les aportacions de P. Vilar sobre l’evolució d’aquest contracte de plantació de vinya i es comparen amb els resultats obtinguts a l’Alt Penedès del segle XVIII. En segon lloc, s’analitza l’evolució jurídica del contracte a través de l’examen de les seves clàusules al llarg del segle. Per últim, es fa una aproximació a les dimensions social i econòmica de la rabassa a partir dels inventaris post-mortem i els encants públics dels rabassers, fonts que aporten pistes valuoses sobre les seves condicions de vida., This text examines several issues related to the rabassa morta contract. First, I examine the findings of Pierre Vilar on the evolution of this type of vineyard contract, and then I contrast them with results obtained in the Alt Penedès region in the 18th century. Second, I analyse the legal development of this type of contract by examining its provisions over the course of the century. Finally, I explore the social and economic dimensions of the rabassa system by looking into the rabassers’ post mortem inventories and encants públics, sources that offer valuable information on their life conditions.

Objetivo: caracterizar algunas condiciones socioeconómicas de hombres y mujeres de 20 a 64 años de edad, residentes en Medellín, como un determinante del estado de salud. Métodos: estudio poblacional descriptivo, con fuente de información primaria constituida por dos muestras (659 hombres y 683 mujeres, que representaron a 523.705 y 651.704, respectivamente) según factores de expansión poblacional, seleccionados con muestreo complejo probabilístico, estratificado por estrato socioeconómico por conglomerados de manzanas y polietápico, seleccionando manzanas, viviendas y personas. Resultados: en el año 2005, el ingreso promedio fue de un salario mínimo legal vigente; el 53,5% son trabajadores, 70% de ocupación masculina y 41% femenina; el 59% de esta población tiene patrimonio, principalmente propiedad raíz y vehículo; el 11% de los adultos de la ciudad no reciben ingresos, 14% de las mujeres y 7% de los hombres; las coberturas de servicios públicos habilitados son inferiores a las instaladas, siendo las viviendas de las mujeres las que registran menor funcionamiento. Conclusiones: se encontraron condiciones socioeconómicas indicativas de desigualdad en la población femenina, que afectan su estado de salud y su núcleo familiar, como menores ingresos y viviendas con menores coberturas de servicios públicos habilitados, lo que les resta posibilidades de tener una mejor calidad de vida. Objective: to characterize some socioeconomic conditions of men and women between 20 and 64 years old living in Medellin, as determinants of health status. Methods: descriptive population study with primary source of information constituted by two samples: 659 men and 683 women representing 523,705 men and 651,704 women, according to factors of population expansion, selected by probabilistic complex sampling, stratified by socioeconomic level, block clusters, and multi-stage selection of blocks, houses and people. Results: in 2005, the average wage was one minimum legal wage, 53.5% are workers, with 70% of men and 41% of women having a job; 59% of this population has assets, mainly real estate and vehicles; 11% of adults living in the city do not have an income (14% of women and 7% of men); operating public services are inferior to installed infrastructure for that purpose, with houses of women showing less covering. Conclusions: socioeconomic conditions indicative of inequality in the female population were found, affecting their health status and family group, such as smaller incomes and houses with less public services coverage, negatively affecting their chances for a better life quality.

El artículo surge como resultado del trabajo sobre revisiones conceptuales que ha realizado el grupo de investigación de calidad de vida y pisología de la facultad de psiología de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. The article arises as a result of the work on conceptual revisions carried out by the research group on quality of life and psychology of the Faculty of Psychology of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga.

This analysis attempts to reconstruct health, disease and life conditions of the population buried in Nadin, a burial mound, situated in central Dalmatia, Croatia. The analyzed skeletal material belongs to Liburnian culture and could be dated to early Iron Age, from 9^th to 6^th century B.C. The sample consists of a minimum number of 37 individuals, 7 children and 30 adults. The frequency of all the observed conditions is relatively low. Cribra orbitalia was observed only in females, the frequency of periosteal reaction on the tibiae is 26.1%. Two cases of cranial trauma were observed. Analyzed teeth exhibit low prevalence of carious lesions, ante mortem tooth loss and linear enamel hypoplasia. The case of hyperostosis frontalis interna on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone was observed. The affected skull belongs to the older adult female.

Resumen El presente trabajo forma parte de una Investigación mas amplia, la cual se encuentra en proceso de ejecución y la discusión que presentamos es un avance de los resultados que hemos obtenido en 25 pacientes encuestados en el Servicio de Atención a Pacientes con Enfermedades Infecto Contagiosas "Elsa La Corte" de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCV. Nuestro objetivo es caracterizar al paciente con VIH-SIDA en relación a los grupos sociales a los cuales pertenecen de acuerdo a la Clasificación de Breilh, tomando en cuenta la categoría Reproducción Social. Las condiciones de vida de estos pacientes definirán su capacidad para enfrentar esta terrible enfermedad, desde lo intelectual-afectivo hasta lo económico y accesibilidad a los servicios. Abstract This research work is being carried out, so this discusión shows partrally its results, which come from 25 surveyed patients belonging to the "elsa La Corte" infectuos disseases center at the Central University of Venezuela, Dental School. The objective is to characterize HIV/AIDS patients regarding the social groups they belong to, according to Breilh Classification, taking into account the Social Reproduction parameter. Life conditions of these patients will define their capacity to face up this threatening disease, from the intelectual-afecctive standpoint to the economic and service accesses one.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer as condições que envolvem o processo saúde-doença dos moradores de zona rural de Nova Friburgo/RJ, estudando especificamente as queixas relacionadas ao “nervoso” e às explicações destas pelos moradores. Aplicamos 102 questionários e encontramos 24 queixas referidas como “nervoso”. Para compreender os significados envolvidos na referida queixa, entrevistamos posteriormente somente os moradores que referiram sofrer dos nervos. Ao interpretarem o “nervoso” como herança genética, expressam uma situação fatalista, ficando com menores opções de tratamento. Em outros relatos percebemos que os entrevistados articulavam relações entre as transformações atuais no ambiente socio-cultural e a emergência do nervoso. Tal relação permite que se pense o “nervoso” como um sofrimento não-fatalista, facilitando o resgate da autoria da palavra, recuperada como um saber original, que permite articular a história pessoal com o adoecer. Nesta perspectiva, organizamos um grupo de mútua-ajuda com os moradores locais. The aim of this research was to understand the conditions involved in the health-disease process of the rural workers from Nova Friburgo/Rio de Janeiro, studying specifically the complaints referred to as “nervousness” by the inhabitants as well as the related explanations given by them. We applied 102 questionnaires and found 24 complaints reported as “nervousness”.In order to understand the meanings involved in this particular complaint, we only interviewed the inhabitants that had mentioned suffering from “nervousness”. When “nervousness” was interpreted as a genetic inheritance, the options for treatments were diminished as a fatalistic dimension was imbued in their explanations. In other reports we perceived that the dwellers raised relations between the present changes in the socio-cultural environment and the “nervousness” emergence. This other association enables to think of “nervousness” as a non-fatalistic condition, which facilitates the ransom of the authorship of the word, recovered as an original knowledge, therefore allowing for the establishment of a relationship between their own personal history and the acquired illness. In this perspective, we have organized a mutual help group with the local inhabitants.

Análise das correlações entre taxas de homicídio por sexo para adolescentes (10-19 a) e adultos jovens (20 a 39 a) em São Paulo, 1995, e áreas definidas segundo indicador socioeconômico. Os 96 distritos da cidade de São Paulo foram agrupados em 5 clusters de acordo com o índice socioeconômico construído através da soma de postos atribuídos às variáveis: renda média mensal dos chefes de famílias, taxa de analfabetos (>5 anos), número médio de cômodos por domicílio e tamanho médio das famílias. Os clusters foram formados pela análise hierárquica por proximidade de vizinhança baseada no cálculo da distância euclidiana para contagens (Programa SPSS). As taxas de homicídio segundo idade e sexo foram calculadas para cada cluster. A correlação de Spearman e o valor de R² foram calculados para cada grupo de idade e sexo. As taxas de homicídios são altas tanto para homens quanto para mulheres, entretanto, o risco é de 12 a 19 vezes maior para os homens, conforme a faixa etária. Há forte correlação negativa entre as taxas de homicídio e o índice socioeconômico (r = -0,81) em todos os grupos analisados. Parte importante das diferenças entre as taxas pode ser atribuída às condições socioeconômicas das áreas de residência (R² = 0,65). Os grupos mais afetados foram os homens de 20 a 29 anos, residentes nas áreas intermediárias ou periféricas da cidade Comparados ao anel central os RR são: 1,7 no anel intermediário interno; 1,9 no anel intermediário externo; 2,8 no anel periférico interno e 4 no anel periférico externo. Analysis of the correlation between homicide rates by gender for adolescents (10-19 years) and young adults (20 to 39 years) in São Paulo, 1995, and areas defined according to a socioeconomic indicator. The 96 districts of the city of São Paulo were grouped into 5 clusters according to a socioeconomic index constructed by adding up classifications given to variables: average monthly income of head of family, illiteracy rate (for those over 5 years of age), average number of rooms per household, and average size of families. Clusters were formed by the hierarchy analysis technique based on neighborhood proximity (similarity), by calculating the square of the Euclidean distance for counts, (SPSS Program). Homicide rates according to age and gender were calculated for each cluster. The Spearman correlation and the R² value were calculated for each age and gender group. Homicide rates are high for both men and women, although the risk is 12 to 19 times greater for men, according to age groups. There is a strong negative correlation between homicide rates and the socioeconomic index (r = -0.81) for all groups analyzed. An important part of the differences between rates may be attributed to the socioeconomic conditions of residence areas (R² = 0,65). Men between 20 and 29 years of age living in intermediate or peripheral areas of the city were the most affected group. RRs in relation to the central ring are: 1.7 in the internal intermediate ring; 1.9 in the external intermediate ring; 2.8 in the internal peripheral ring, and 4 in the external peripheral ring.

The anthropological study of a cemetery brings data about social organisation and life conditions of a buried population. The biological structures reveal the homogeneity of the group or the presence of elements from distinct origins. In the same way, they can reveal the genetic relationship. The demographic structures can be specified too (general state of the population, expectation of life, mortality quota...). We can estimate the sanitary state by the observation of specific markers and by the interpretation of paleopathological data. Therefore, it is possible to distinguish populations which lived in good conditions and those which suffered from illness or malnutrition., L'étude anthropologique d'une nécropole apporte des informations sur l'organisation sociale et les conditions de vie d'une population inhumée. Les structures biologiques révèlent l'homogénéité du groupe ou la présence d'éléments d'origines distinctes. De même, elles permettent la mise en évidence de réseaux d'apparentement. Les structures démographiques peuvent également être précisées (état général de la population, espérance de vie, quotients de mortalité...). On peut estimer l'état sanitaire par l'observation d'indicateurs spécifiques et l'interprétation des données paléopathologiques. Il est possible, ainsi, de distinguer les populations ayant vécu dans de bonnes conditions et celles qui ont été éprouvées par les maladies ou la malnutrition., Buchet Luc. Les habitants de la Gaule rurale. Société des morts, société des vivants. Apports de l'anthropologie. [The inhabitants of rural Gaul, the world of the dead, the world of the living : contributions of anthropology]. In: Monde des morts, monde des vivants en Gaule rurale, Actes du Colloque ARCHEA/AGER (Orléans, 7-9 février 1992) Tours : Fédération pour l'édition de la Revue archéologique du Centre de la France, 1993. pp. 17-22. (Supplément à la Revue archéologique du centre de la France, 6)

This work assesses the impact of demographic crises of different kinds within a society, taking as an example the town of Martigues (Bouches-du-Rhône) in the 18th century. This city was affected by the last major plague epidemic in France, the Great Plague of Marseilles, which affected Provence and Haut Languedoc between 1720 and 1722, killing nearly a quarter of the inhabitants. This epidemic took place after a succession of crises (climatic problems, wars, famines and/or epidemics) that have contributed to the frailty of the population. Considering the effects that famines, epidemics and chronic malnutrition can have on the development and health of individuals, we sought to measure the impact of food difficulties and/or epidemics that affected the inhabitants of Martigues at different times of their life cycle, and to assess the role of socio-economic and gender inequalities in the presence of stress markers on the observed individuals. We devote particular attention to the situation of women, both from a health and historical point of view. Our study is based on a corpus of skeletons of victims of the plague of 1720, from Martigues. Such an osteological collection is well suited to our investigation because it is made up of contemporary individuals, who died in a very short time span (less than one year), who experienced the same environmental constraints and who lived according to the same social rules. The observation of experienced stresses is based on the analysis of physiological stress markers (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis of the cranial vault, linear enamel hypoplasia and stature). The analysis of this corpus required the implementation of new methodological tools, both to better measure the intensity of the stress experienced by the population at different ages, and to carry out an intersectional analysis in bioanthropology. These data were enriched by historical information contextualizing the health status of the studied population, which enabled us to demonstrate the representativeness of the sample with respect to the plague victims and thus also with respect to the living population (distribution by sex and by age and social composition). The historical data also allowed us to link the stresses observed in certain age groups to the demographic crises known from the texts. The statistically validated results were analysed using concepts from sociology (such as the intersectional and biosocial approaches) that we adapted to archaeology and bioanthropology. Analysing stress markers without pre-established filters, such as by sex or by age groups, sheds light on the impact of social relationships on the biological development of individuals. Our study thus demonstrated a link between birth around the years where crises occurred and the observation of a higher proportion of physiological stress markers on immature individuals. We have not observed the same phenomenon in adults, who were more evenly affected by stress. We nevertheless observe that the number of experienced crises and their intensity bear a greater impact on the health status of individuals than their membership to one or the other sex or to one or to another age group. An additional contribution of this thesis is the development of methodological tools that can be applied to other studies, which was made possible by the exceptional context of this work, regarding the representativeness of the sample and the availability of historical data.; Ce travail évalue l’impact de crises démographiques de différentes natures au sein d’une société, en prenant comme exemple la ville de Martigues (Bouches-du-Rhône) au XVIIIe siècle. Cette ville a été touchée par la dernière grande épidémie de peste en France, la peste dite de Marseille, qui a affecté la Provence et le Haut Languedoc entre 1720 et 1722, tuant près du quart des habitants. Cette épidémie intervient après une succession de crises (problèmes climatiques, guerres, famines et/ou épidémies) qui ont contribué à affaiblir la population. Considérant les effets que les famines, les épidémies et la malnutrition chronique peuvent avoir sur le développement et la santé des individus, nous avons cherché à mesurer l’impact des difficultés alimentaires et/ou épidémiques qui ont affecté les habitants de Martigues à différents moments de leur cycle de vie, et à évaluer le rôle des inégalités socio-économiques et de genre dans la présence des marqueurs de stress sur les individus observés. Nous accordons une attention particulière à la situation des femmes, tant d’un point de vue sanitaire qu’historique. Notre étude s’appuie sur un corpus des squelettes de victimes de la peste de 1720, à Martigues. Une telle collection ostéologique est bien adaptée à notre problématique car elle est composée d’individus contemporains entre eux, décédés dans un laps de temps très court (moins d’un an), qui ont connu les mêmes contraintes environnementales et qui ont vécu selon les mêmes règles sociales. L’observation des stress vécus repose sur l’analyse de marqueurs de stress physiologiques (cribra orbitalia, hyperostose poreuse de la voûte crânienne, hypoplasie linéaire de l’émail dentaire et stature). L’analyse du corpus a nécessité la mise en œuvre de nouveaux outils méthodologiques, tant pour mieux mesurer l’intensité des stress vécus par la population à différents âges, que pour implémenter une analyse intersectionnelle en bioanthropologie. Ces données ont été enrichies par les informations historiques contextualisant l’état sanitaire de la population étudiée, ce qui nous a permis de démontrer la représentativité de l’échantillon par rapport aux victimes de la peste et par rapport à la population vivante (distribution par sexe et par âge et composition sociale). Cela nous a aussi permis de relier les stress observés dans certaines classes d’âge aux crises démographiques connues par les textes. Les résultats, validés statistiquement, ont été analysés en recourant à des concepts issus de la sociologie (tels que l’approche intersectionnelle et biosociale) que nous avons adaptés à l’archéologie et à la bioanthropologie. Analyser les marqueurs de stress sans le filtre d’une distribution préétablie, par sexes ou par groupes d’âge par exemple, permet de mettre en lumière l’impact des rapports sociaux sur le développement biologique des individus. Notre étude a ainsi mis en évidence un lien entre une naissance dans les années de crises et l’observation d’une proportion plus élevée de marqueurs de stress physiologiques chez les individus immatures. Nous n’avons pas observé le même phénomène chez les adultes, qui ont été affectés par les stress de façon plus uniforme. Nous remarquons néanmoins que le nombre des crises traversées et leur intensité ont un impact plus important sur l’état sanitaire des individus que leur appartenance à l’un ou l’autre sexe ou à tel ou tel groupe d’âge. Les nouveaux outils méthodologiques développés à l’occasion de ce cette recherche doctoral pourront être appliqués à d’autres études. Le contexte exceptionnel de cette étude, à la fois en termes de représentativité de la collection ostéologique et de diversité des données historiques disponibles, nous a permis d’apporter ces contributions originales en bioanthropologie.