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The data of damage inspection and maintenance for aero-engine turbine blades is gathered to form the failure probability distribution function which can be used for inverse analysis by the Paris equation. Then the relationship of detectable crack length and initial inspection time under the specified threshold is gained. After that the degradation state of blades at each inspection moment is determined by simulating the crack growth process. Finally, the probability of failure of blades is obtained via statistical analysis for simulation results. A case is shown that the initial inspection should not be carried out too early because the crack would be too small to be easily detected and the blades would have failed at the subsequent longer repeated inspection moments. Similarly, if the initial inspection is too late to function, the damage size may be close to,or even exceed to, the allowable critical threshold and the probability of failure would be greatly increased at the initial inspection moment. On the condition of 10-5 allowable probability of failure, the optimal inspection number of times, initial inspection time and repeated inspection interval are both 12 times, and their scheduled operation cycles of turbine blades are 1 371 cycles and 307 cycles, respectively. The method and results can be acted as proofs and references on risk judgment and maintenance decision of aero-engine turbine blades for airline accendant and engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HMD: Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Because of the unstable hydrodynamic conditions in the wild, the endangered aquatic plant should be cultivated first in constructed wetlands for the protection and expansion of germplasm resources. Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy has become extinct in Erhai Lake, Yunnan province, China. In order to optimize substrates for this species to artificial cultivation, the native substrate (sandy soils) and the other three representative ones (red paddy soils, alluvial paddy soils, and purple paddy soils) collected from Erhai lakeside were applied to cultivate O. acuminata for 50 days. Multi indicators, such as antioxidant enzymes activity, malondialdehyde and chlorophyll-α concentration, and relative growth rate of O. acuminata, were discussed and statistically analyzed to classify the substrates. The results suggested that even disregarding the physiology significance of these indicators, hierarchical clustering analysis had high efficiency on optimizing substrates. Although various single indexes suggested different optimal substrates for macrophyte growth, red paddy soil was never excluded out the optimal substrate classes. Further study is needed to assess the substrates optimization functionalities of these indicators. This study offers amounts of physiology data and an effective method to optimize substrates of O. acuminata. It is helpful for environmental scientists and ecological engineers to conduct the similar study on endangered species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gear boxes must provide for the automobile with the best dynamic and economic qualities for the power and revolution of the internal combustion engine. In order to do this, it must have a simple design, light weight, reduced gauge, high reliability and easy maintenance. In this paper, based on the constructive solutions and the geometric elements that were calculated, we obtained a 3D modelling of the elements of the transmission of a gear box and the assembling of these elements in order to obtain the constructive dimensions of the gear box and in order to verify the other composing elements (shafts, bearings, synchronization mechanisms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considering the need of every business company, which is managed rationally, to maintain high levels of efficiency, a special attention should be paid on all the costly activities, some of them concerning the transportation of material flows. These needs are covered by different scientific methods with the most popular of them concerning the application of the transportation problem model. Considering the specific needs of each particular economic system, a modification of that model is presented in this paper, accounting both indicators - transportation time and transportation costs. In order to demonstrate the effect of the application of the model, an approbation with exemplary numerical data is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum freeze-drying is a technique that makes a material dehydrate at low temperature and low pressure, and it has many merits. A control system is designed and developed based on a certain area freeze-drying machine. A test by the control system is done to optimize the freeze-drying technical parameters. According to the test results, by the method of quadratic orthogonal experiment, the key parameters, including duration, temperature and vacuum of freeze-drying, are analysed and optimized. The test proves the optimized parameters valid for certain vacuum freeze-drying machines and certain bacterins. Furthermore, the optimized parameters show that the vacuum freeze-drying method is useful for any area vacuum freeze-drying machine and any bacterin.

The relevance of the topic due to the decision of problems of the economy of resources in heating systems of vehicles. To solve this problem we have developed an integrated method of research, which allows to solve tasks on optimization of parameters of heat exchangers vehicles. This method decides multicriteria optimization problem with the program nonlinear optimization on the basis of software with the introduction of an array of temperatures obtained using thermography. The authors have developed a mathematical model of process of heat exchange in heat exchange surfaces of apparatuses with the solution of multicriteria optimization problem and check its adequacy to the experimental stand in the visualization of thermal fields, an optimal range of managed parameters influencing the process of heat exchange with minimal metal consumption and the maximum heat output fin heat exchanger, the regularities of heat exchange process with getting generalizing dependencies distribution of temperature on the heat-release surface of the heat exchanger vehicles, defined convergence of the results of research in the calculation on the basis of theoretical dependencies and solving mathematical model.

The most costly operation in the oil exploration is the well network drilling. One of the most effective ways to reduce the cost of drilling networks is decreasing the number of the required wells by selecting the optimum situation of the rig placement. In this paper, Balas algorithm is used as a model for optimizing the cost function in oil well network, where the vertical and directional drilling is performed. The model can determine optimal well placement as well as optimal paths to develop the field. The proposed model is implemented in an Iran southern gas field with five drilling rigs used to drill 44 wells from 14 positions on the surface. The results show a 17.4% reduction compared to the proposed cost.

This study monitors the physico-chemical properties of wines from Dragasani under the influence of pectolytic enzymes in various temperature conditions. during maceration contact is made between the grape skins and selected the optimal time leads to wines with more pronounced floral character. The physico-chemical extraction maceration leads to a more pronounced specific compounds, the time of maceration is very important in this case. The curing time is of great importance in producing varieties Muscat Ottonel and Tămâioasă Românească primarily for successful extraction of aromatic components from grape. As noted in the literature flavored grapes contain large amounts of terpene compounds are in free form or bound. To optimize the technological process is able to extract these compounds and to achieve a harmonious and balanced wine. The variants considered in the study presents the results of physico-chemical and aromatic wines obtained from the Muscat Ottonel and Tămâioasă Românească, which took into consideration both during maceration and the use of selected yeasts and enzymes, which form the basis for the selection of the optimal procedure for obtaining aromatic white wines in Dragasani Vineyard.

In order to meet the characteristic of fractional order in engineering system and the need of non-equidistance, the non-equidistance fractional order accumulating operators and fractional order inverse accumulating operators were researched. The multivariable non-equidistance grey model NFMGM (1, n) with fractional order accumulation was established, and the error mechanism of NFMGM (1, n) was analyzed. The accumulation generating sequence with fractional order was fitted with non-homogeneous discrete exponential function, and the reconstructing method of background value of NFMGM (1, n) was proposed. The optimizing model was built with the fractional order number as a design variable and the minimum average relative error as objective function, and the programs were written in Matlab. Example shows NFMGM (1, n) has better precision, which has higher appropriate for not only equidistance model but also non-equidistance model, and worth to be popularized in engineering field and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizing physical phenomena existing in rotodynamic pumps has open a new field of study for these machines, where the efficiency on the operating point is being investigated, without significantly affecting other parameters. Research in the peripheral pump made have experimentally proved that Euler's equation does not model its hydraulic behavior because of the toroidal flow that is developed on them, which causes flow recirculation. Due to the above points, this paper develops a methodology for modeling the behavior of peripheral pumps, using a new criterion that was developed for predicting the characteristic curve of the pump and it is based on Euler's equation, which includes two correction factors. The proposed model was validated experimentally to verify that it describes the phenomenon according to the mechanical, geometrical and hydraulic variables involved of the pump. An optimizing process was realized using the corrected Euler's model, and the results are compared to actual pump curve thus is proved that the obtained hydraulic power is improved. The previous statement will allow predicting the gain on the performance of peripheral pumps without realizing expensive experimental test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using current employee performance data to predict the future behavior of the applicants is an interesting area which can broaden new horizons of knowledge lay in the organization. Because of inherent ambiguity and uncertainty, cognitive limitations of the human mind make unknown behaviors of very complex systems difficult to predict. As a consequence, it is necessary to model the imprecise modes of reasoning to make rational decisions in an environment of uncertainty and imprecision. In this paper, artificial intelligence and advanced algorithms is introduced as an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Optimized System in order to model the job performance. The correlation coefficient is 0.9956 which indicates high accuracy of extracted model, minimum error and maximum adaptability to predict job performance with actual performance. This approach provides an effective tool for managers in order to avoid subjective judgment errors inherent in human decision making.

The quality and cost of products in general and of wood products in particular is a crucial condition both in selling them on the market and also in attracting buyers and satisfying their desires and exigencies. The quality and value of the products depends heavily on the technical performance of the equipment, the skill level of the workforce, the organization of the manufacturing and processing processes. A higher quality level can be achieved by eliminating as much as possible elements that negatively affect yields, raw materials, materials, and energy consumption. Some of them lead to the need to retechnologize the production lines with the ultimate effect of raising the quality of the products from a technical point of view. Evaluations can refer to both the technical parameters and the economic or combined parameters to facilitate process management, positively influencing both the loss of material, energy, but also the growth of the company's profit. Following the research carried out, the authors of this paper have found technical and economic solutions that contribute to the optimization of the company's activity. Process optimization can be done by applying different methods to evaluate the performance of the studied process, such as: Target-Costing Method; Taguchi method; Six Sigma Method; and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All default electronic health record and drug reference database vendor drug-dose alerting recommendations (single dose, daily dose, dose frequency, and dose duration) were silently turned on in inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department areas for pediatric-only and nonpediatric-only populations. Drug-dose alerts were evaluated during a 3-month period. Drug-dose alerts fired on 12% of orders (104 098/834 911). System-level and drug-specific strategies to decrease drug-dose alerts were analyzed. System-level strategies included: (1) turning off all minimum drug-dosing alerts, (2) turning off all incomplete information drug-dosing alerts, (3) increasing the maximum single-dose drug-dose alert threshold to 125%, (4) increasing the daily dose maximum drug-dose alert threshold to 125%, and (5) increasing the dose frequency drug-dose alert threshold to more than 2 doses per day above initial threshold. Drug-specific strategies included changing drug-specific maximum single and maximum daily drug-dose alerting parameters for the top 22 drug categories by alert frequency. System-level approaches decreased alerting to 5% (46 988/834 911) and drug-specific approaches decreased alerts to 3% (25 455/834 911). Drug-dose alerts varied between care settings and patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large cable-in-conduit-conductor (CICC) test facility has been designed and fabricated at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHMFL) in order to meet the test requirement of the conductors which are applied to the future fusion reactor. The critical component of the test facility is an 80 kA superconducting transformer which consists of a multi-turn primary coil and a minor-turn secondary coil. As the current source of the conductor samples, the electromagnetic performance of the superconducting transformer determines the stability and safety of the test facility. In this paper, the key factors and parameters, which have much impact on the performance of the transformer, are analyzed in detail. The conceptual design and optimizing principles of the transformer are discussed. An Electromagnetic-Circuit coupled model built in ANSYS Multiphysics is successfully used to investigate the electromagnetic characterization of the transformer under the dynamic operation condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most existing research has demonstrated the success of different decomposition and ensemble strategies for solving multi-class classification problems. This study proposes a new ensemble strategy for One-vs-One (OVO) scheme that uses optimizing decision directed acyclic graph (ODDAG) whose structure is determined by maximizing the fitness on the training set instead of by predefined rules. It makes an attempt to reduce the effect of non-competent classifiers in OVO scheme like decision directed acyclic graph (DDAG) but in another way. We test the proposed method on some public data sets and compare it to some other widely used methods to select the proper candidates and related settings for a problem with practical concern from financial industry in China, i.e. the prediction of listing status of companies. The experimental result shows that our model can outperform the benchmarked methods on this real problem. In addition, the ODDAG combined with decision tree is a white box model whose internal rules can be viewed and checked by decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate discharge simulation is one of the most common objectives of hydrological modeling studies. However, a good simulation of discharge is not necessarily the result of a realistic simulation of hydrological processes within the catchment. We propose an evaluation framework that considers both discharge and water balance components as evaluation criteria for calibration of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). In this study, we integrated average annual values of surface runoff, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration in the model evaluation procedure to constrain the selection of good model runs for the Little River Experimental Watershed in Georgia, United States. For evaluating water balance and discharge dynamics, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS) were used. In addition, the ratio of root mean square error and standard deviation of measured data (RSR) was calculated for individual segments of the flow duration curve to identify the best model runs in terms of discharge magnitude. Our results indicate that good statistics for discharge do not guarantee realistic simulations of individual water balance components. Therefore, we recommend constraining the ranges of water balance components to achieve a more realistic simulation of the entire hydrological system, even if tradeoffs between good statistics for discharge simulations and reasonable amounts of the water balance components are unavoidable. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Evaluación Educativa is the property of Red Iberoamericana de Investigacion sobre Cambio y Eficacia Escolar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous studies ofpolylactide nanocomposites have been conducted. However, the role and importance of processing conditions is the subject of very few papers. In this work, polylactide and a constant amount (2 %w/w) of organoclay Cloisite® 30B via melt intercalation technique were produced. It is generally believed that maximum benefits are achieved when organoclay is well dispersed in PLA matrix. It might be anticipated that melt processing conditions would have an important influence on the nanocomposites formed. Experimental design was carried out based on Box-Behnken methods, a response surface methodology (RSM) well suited to the goal of process optimisation. Three levels of processing temperature, rotor speed and mixing time were chosen in this study. The response was Young's modulus. The interaction effects with the most influence on the Young's modulus of these PLA/organoclay nanocomposites are temperature and speed. The maximum Young's modulus was predicted to be 1211 MPa at a temperature, speed, and time of 175°C, 100 rpm, and 7 min, respectively. Understanding the influence of processing conditions on the mechanical properties is needed for improving nanocomposites properties. Mathematical model and optimisations plot were used to illustrate the relationship between the parameters and mechanical properties considered. Results of the data analysis using Minitab software are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The performance of the six sub-configurations of the three main cycles was examined. • The best system configuration for PTC systems was revealed by considering annual meteorological data. • Effect of DNI and incident angle on system performance was investigated. • The question "Is DNI or incident angle more effective on power production" was scrutinized and answered. • The performances of sub-cycles were compared in terms of energy, exergy, economics and environment. In this study, the integration of a Parabolic Trough Collector with different power cycles was investigated on an annual basis in terms of Energy, Exergy, Economics and Environmental under different meteorological conditions. A parabolic trough collector with 500 collectors with a gross and net aperture area of 432,000 and 817.43 m2, was installed in a place that has a high solar energy potential. With a Parabolic trough collector, hourly Direct Normal Irradiation, wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature and incident angle values were obtained for the 15th of each month for a year. The performance of the 3 power cycles with 6 different configurations using the Parabolic trough collector as the heat source was comprehensively analyzed and compared. During the dynamic data use and various commonly used power systems comparing study, it was aimed to answer the most commonly asked questions by the researchers in this area. To do this, the effect of direct normal irradiation and incident angle on the performance of systems to reach the maximum net power was studied. After calculations, the maximum net power was not found on July 15 (12:00) when the maximum direct normal irradiation (840.868 W/m2) was seen. The maximum net power (67867 kW) was found on September 15 (12:00) when the incident angle was minimum (1.71°) along with the high direct normal irradiation. Steam Rankine Cycle, Organic Rankine Cycle and Kalina Cycle performance comparisons were made both annually depending on time and with different configurations and fluids. In addition to tangibly showing the superiority of incident angle on direct normal irradiation, the present study aimed to present the best-performing system configuration for the researcher, user, scientists, and manufacturers. Interestingly, while the Organic Rankine Cycle with heat exchanger with R123 showed better performance in terms of power production and carbon dioxide emission reduction, the Kalina Cycle was found much more feasible in terms of economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of excessive displacement loss of the traditional micro-displacement multi-stage amplification mechanism, a parallel-connection-driving concept is proposed, and a two-stage piezoelectric-driven microgripper based on the parallel-connection-driving concept was designed. The second-stage mechanism of the microgripper is driven by the first-stage mechanism, which hinders the displacement output of the first-stage mechanism, causing the displacement loss of the microgripper, resulting in the actual magnification being lower than the ideal magnification. In the parallel-connection-driving concept, multiple first-stage mechanisms of the same size and configuration drive the second-stage mechanism simultaneously, which effectively reduces the displacement loss of the mechanism. Combining the law of energy conservation and flexure beam theory, the impedance value of the second-stage mechanism to the first-stage mechanism is obtained, and then the magnification of the mechanism is accurately obtained. By optimizing the structural size of the mechanism, the performance of the mechanism is significantly improved. The experimental results prove the rationality of the theoretical calculation. [Display omitted] • A parallel-connection-driving concept is proposed in this paper. • The impedance calculation method of multi-stage mechanism is given in this paper. • A low displacement loss microgripper is proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blending of NR and BR rubber blend with N330 carbon black is studied on curing behavior and the physico-mechanical properties of a SBR rubber based tire tread compound containing N234 carbon black. The effect of sulphur and accelerator contents on different properties of rubber compound is also tested with a wide range of curing agents. Partial substitution of SBR with NR shows significant improvement in cure characteristics, tear resistance, crack growth, resilience and abrasion without much changes in its hardness, dispersion and tensile properties. Partial substituted BR delivers the same results except a considerable increase in the rate of crack growth. A partial substitution of N234 with N330 has a relatively negative effect on the abrasion and tear resistance, but decreases the crack growth rate. The crack growth rate increases with increased level of sulphur and accelerator and the abrasion decreases at certain level of curing agent, although it increases thereafter (crosslink density). The tensile and tear resistance increase first and then decrease with further increase of crosslink density. The study on the governing mechanisms shows that beside rubber chains induced crystallinity, the rubber chain mobility dominates the crack growth rate, while a competition exists between this mechanism and reinforcement mechanism for other failed properties. Finally, an optimized formulation based on SBR/BR/NR and N234/N330 with optimum crosslink density and sulphur/accelerator ratio has been calculated.

In order to make the Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model more applicable to real-world production and inventory control problems, in this paper we expand this model by assuming that some imperfect items of different product types being produced such as reworks are allowed. In addition, we may have more than one product and supplier along with warehouse space and budget limitation. We show that the model of the problem is a constrained non-linear integer program and propose a genetic algorithm to solve it. Moreover, a design of experiments is employed to calibrate the parameters of the algorithm for different problem sizes. In the end, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed methodology.

Almost every organization has at its centre a database. The database provides support for conducting different activities, whether it is production, sales and marketing or internal operations. Every day, a database is accessed for help in strategic decisions. The satisfaction therefore of such needs is entailed with a high quality security and availability. Those needs can be realised using a DBMS (Database Management System) which is, in fact, software for a database. Technically speaking, it is software which uses a standard method of cataloguing, recovery, and running different data queries. DBMS manages the input data, organizes it, and provides ways of modifying or extracting the data by its users or other programs. Managing the database is an operation that requires periodical updates, optimizing and monitoring.

This paper deals with the possibilities of minimizing the emissions of heterogeneous substances/pollutants (SO2, NOx and NCx) per volume unit of processed timber, based on measurements of the design and operating performance of a mobile off-road system working in the forest environment. The forest production system is taken to mean the production system into which the material and resource flow and/or even the workforce flow enter. During the production process the material, power and/or workforce flow is transformed into the final product (processed timber, soil preparation, afforestation, etc.). Operating and/or design capacity is the control variable optimizing the operating mode of the forest production system. The quantities of emitted pollutants related to the work unit done by the production system represent the criterional function specifying the optimization of parameters of the mobile off-road system working in the forest sector. The conditions for the operating mode (performance) of the mobile off-road system working in the forest environment under which the minimum emitted pollutants related to the unit of done work are reached have been determined. The theoretical conclusions have been verified experimentally.

Limitations on the available herbicide portfolio for weed control have led to weed control failures. Application techniques such as proper selection of nozzle types, adjuvants, and herbicide selection have been suggested as one of the ways to maximize efficacy. The launch of HPPD (hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase)-tolerant crops will increase HPPD herbicide applications, while effective herbicide tank mixtures might prolong herbicide resistance evolution. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mesotrione (MES) and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl (RIMTHIF) in tank mixtures with five adjuvants sprayed with three different nozzle types, XR (Extended Range), AIXR (Air Induction Extended Range), and TTI (Turbo TeeJet Induction), on weed control. Five weed species were tested: common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), and a grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) crop. A dose‒response study using MES and RIMTHIF was conducted to estimate the effective dose to reduce the aboveground biomass by 50% from the nontreated control (ED 50). Another study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of MES and RIMTHIF in tank mixtures with five adjuvants (ammonium sulfate – AMS, crop oil concentrate – COC, drift reducing adjuvant – DRA, methylated seed oil – MSO, and nonionic surfactant – NIS) sprayed with three nozzle types (XR, AIXR, and TTI). The selected nozzles influenced velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and sorghum, indicating the possibility of applying herbicides with Coarser sprays, avoiding off-target movement. Our findings suggest adjuvants are an essential factor for improving weed control over the active ingredient, up to 18.7% and 38.3% for MES and RIMTHIF, respectively. Barnyardgrass biomass reduction was greater than 98% with RIMTHIF in tank mixtures with COC and MSO compared to 65% when applied alone. Common lambsquarters had 52.1% biomass reduction when RIMTHIF was sprayed alone, while adding adjuvants to the tank-mixture resulted in biomass reduction ranging from 60.1% (COC) to 94.1% (AMS). Velvetleaf biomass reduction was 98% when the MES and RIMTHIF mixture was applied with the addition of MSO, while 87% without the adjuvant added. These results indicate that adding adjuvants in herbicide solution can improve herbicide efficacy (COC and MSO for barnyardgrass; NIS, AMS, and MSO for velvetleaf; and NIS, COC, and MSO for common lambsquaters). [Display omitted] • The efficacy of mesotrione and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl was tested. • The study also tested the influence of five adjuvants and three nozzle types. • Effective weed control as an alternative to commonly used herbicides. • Weed control increased using adjuvants, up to 18.7% and 38.3%. • Coarser droplets presented satisfactory weed control while reducing drift potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a prominent issue in global health, emphasizing the necessity for efficient cardiac rehabilitation programs. This narrative review provides a detailed analysis of the current state of cardiac rehabilitation, focusing on maximizing recovery and minimizing the likelihood of recurrence. This paper examines the historical progression of cardiac rehabilitation, explores the epidemiological background of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and provides an overview of the many stages of the rehabilitation process. The assessment of patients plays a crucial role in healthcare, serving as a fundamental basis that incorporates medical, psychological, and social aspects. The utilization of risk stratification techniques further enhances this process. The present study investigates exercise training, particularly emphasizing the current recommendations and the mutually beneficial effects of aerobic and resistance regimens. In addition to physical therapies, this study emphasizes the importance of nutrition, lifestyle adjustments, and the significant effects of medication. Psychosocial assistance is a crucial element that addresses the significant psychological effects of cardiac disease and provides comprehensive techniques for overall well-being. Technological advancements are significantly transforming the domain of cardiac rehabilitation, encompassing the integration of wearable technologies and telemedicine solutions. The convergence of artificial intelligence and data analytics can enhance the customization of healthcare services. Through a comprehensive rehabilitation program, patients can achieve an improved quality of life and enhanced functional outcomes. However, it is essential to acknowledge that obstacles still hinder individuals from accessing and completing educational programs. Therefore, it is crucial to engage in a discourse on potential tactics that may be employed to address these issues, considering the various cultural and socioeconomic aspects that contribute to them. The analysis focuses on the economic dimension, examining the cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and their congruence with healthcare policies. In anticipation of future developments, the study provides valuable perspectives on the prospective trajectory of cardiac rehabilitation. It delves into nascent patterns and examines the potential ramifications of precision medicine and genetics for tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients. In brief, this narrative review comprehensively examines the various dimensions of contemporary cardiac rehabilitation. It offers a comprehensive perspective on its significance in enhancing recuperation and mitigating the likelihood of the recurrence of cardiovascular ailments. The significance of this review lies in its ability to enhance patient outcomes, thereby making a valuable contribution to the worldwide endeavor to address the burden of cardiovascular disease., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Zaree et al.)

Students’ use of time and effort during their studies has been discussed exhaustively in mass media and educational research. In most cases, researchers try to give advice to teachers on how to get their students to become more active and engaged. The grounded theory presented in this article, however, challenges this approach by focusing on the students’ point of view. When interviewing students for this study, I soon realized that students only have a limited amount of time and effort at their disposal. Optimizing these personal resources emerged as their main concern. For the students, investing resources into one study activity always means having to reduce the amount of time and effort they can spend on other activities. They resolve their main concern by oscillating between conservation and investment strategies. Their decision regarding which type of strategy to use depends strongly on the students’ evaluation of their current situation.

A set of investigations on kinetics of temperature fields and stress-strain state of a tee section was carried out employing mathematical and computer modelling methods in order to optimize a process of layer-by-layer forming of titanium structural elements of aerospace designation by means of current xBeam 3D Metal Printer (xBeam) electron beam technologies. The results of investigations were used for temperature fields optimizing in order to provide uniform distribution on height and length of the product by selection of efficient time between deposition passes of forming beads and source alternating power. Besides, typical stress and strain fields, formed in the product during its manufacture, were shown as well as possibilities of application of processing methods for reduction of residual forming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual differences are a key dimension of interest in the study and practice of leadership, and within the sphere of differences, personality is an important domain on which individual leaders differ. After briefly reviewing some relevant literature, a stepwise approach to understanding and optimizing a leader's personality profile is offered. This six-step approach systematically presents how a leader can more fully understand personality and leverage relevant behaviors for greater impact. The value of leveraging and optimizing one's personality profile is also noted, along with some implications for practice, research, and teaching. Some specific challenges associated with the process of optimizing elements of a leader's personality at work are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques have been adapted in arid and semi-arid regions to minimise the risk from droughts. The demand for water has increased but water resources have become scarcer, so the assessment and modelling of surface water related to RWH in catchments has become a necessity. An understanding of the hydrological processes at the sub-catchment level is generally lacking, and little attention has been given to the assessment of RWH after implementation. The objective of this study was to develop a simple but generally applicable water-harvesting model and test it at sub-catchment level to evaluate and optimize the performance of RWH under different design and management scenarios. The model was applied to rainfall data for 1980–2004 in 25 sub-catchments of the watershed of Wadi Oum Zessar (south-eastern Tunisia). The performance and analysis of RWH in three types of years (dry, normal, and wet) are presented and discussed. This study emphasises the advantages of simulating long-term water balances at the sub-catchment level for improving our understanding of hydrological processes in the RWH system and provides several solutions for optimizing RWH performance in various scenarios. Changing the spillway heights together with the flow directions had a significant impact on the performance of RWH by making 92% of all sub-catchments supply sufficient water for crop requirements, compared to 44% of the sub-catchments in case of no changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous researches about red jujube have focused largely on hygienic components, pharmacology and processing technologies, with little effort being made to investigate the changes and losses of nutritional ingredients during processing. Studying the effect of technological parameters on jujube's total sugar content during the drying process is helpful to rate the quality of the dried red jujube. In this study, Jujube, a type of red dates produced in Alar, Xinjiang, is experimented at different drying temperatures, air speeds and relative humidities by using a circular hot-air drier that is one of the most widely used drying machines. The results show that: drying temperature, air speed, relative humidity and their quadratic terms have significant effect on total sugar content of the dried jujube. The combination of the optimal technological parameters is: drying temperature 57.99 °C, air speed 1.54 m/s and relative humidity 39.14%. When the red jujube reaches its safe moisture content, the maximum total sugar content is 71.07%. Our experimental results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the drying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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