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In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in exploring why teachers decide to and not to use a technological tool in their teaching practices. Teachers’ beliefs have appeared to be one of the influential factors, yet still little is known about what causes both consistencies and inconsistencies between teachers’ beliefs and their classroom practices, especially on the use of technology. Thus, to address such a gap, this study examined teachers’ beliefs about video and their use of video in English Language Teaching (ELT) along with the key factors causing the inconsistencies between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs about video and their classroom practices. A qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews involving English teachers at a private educational institution in Indonesia was employed. The collected data were analyzed by using individual topic codes and emerging themes. The findings revealed that teachers’ beliefs about the use of video in ELT were positive but inconsistent with their use of video in practices. Four key factors underlying the inconsistencies between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs about video and their use of video in classroom teaching were identified, which involved teaching philosophy, teacher’s knowledge and skill, facility, and reading literature. Therefore, pedagogically, the findings implicate that teachers’ beliefs and classroom practices can be bridged by addressing the four underlying factors.

This article presents results from a case study that examines reading instruction practices in a linguistically heterogeneous class in year 3. In this school the proportion of newly arrived students has increased significantly in a short time and the article focuses on classroom observations and a teacher interview about the work with reading instruction in this particular class. The theoretical framework is based on Cummins’ The Literacy Engagement Framework and theories about teachers’ beliefs. The results show how in reading instruction students' understanding is supported through the teacher's work with extending the language and through support in students' meaning-making (scaffold meaning). The students' background knowledge is activated when connections between text content and the students' everyday life are made, but multilingual identities are seldom affirmed or made visible. The focus of reading instruction is primarily to support linguistic preunderstanding and correctness. Reading homework is an important part of reading instruction and is practiced in cooperation with multilingual parents in a language they often do not know. Strongly present are the teacher’s beliefs about students' linguistic repertoires as a resource primarily for learning Swedish, as well as beliefs about a separation between the languages of multilingual individuals.

Abstract This qualitative study investigated teachers' beliefs about the availability of play materials in the physical indoor environment of early childhood education and care (ECEC). The empirical data were gathered from fieldwork in eight child groups in ECEC institutions across Norway and comprised 13 semistructured interviews with teachers. The findings indicate a common ideological understanding among teachers that play materials should be available in children's play, enhancing play, learning, and development possibilities. However, many teachers described putting play materials out of children's reach during times of play. There are variations, but practical considerations often override pedagogical intentions when teachers plan and facilitate children's play. This study aims to enhance the indoor ECEC environment's quality by stimulating teachers' consciousness about play materials' availability, ensuring equal possibilities for children's play in ECEC. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

In second language (L2) writing, the concept of genre has been an important construct. To date, multiple theories (sometimes referred to as schools or approaches) have driven a considerable amount of genre-based research and pedagogy, including: English for Specific Purposes (ESP), Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), and the New Rhetoric/Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) approach. Despite their growing prevalence, studies are needed that investigate the extent to which writing instructors adopt these theories in practice. This study addresses this issue by exploring 1) the genre-based theories that inform writing instructors' pedagogies; 2) the different genres instructors teach in their classrooms; and 3) the types of pedagogical activities practitioners employ. To understand these phenomena, survey data (N = 141) and semi-structured interviews (n = 7) were collected from L2 English writing instructors. Findings show that ESP was the most well-known and adopted approach, followed by SFL and RGS. For written genres, most instructors reported teaching traditional, monomodal genres (e.g., argumentative essays), while digital multimodal genres were rare. This study discusses the implications of these findings, including developing teacher training, expanding pedagogies to include multimodal genres, and forging links between genres used in the classroom and those students will encounter in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the efficacy of teacher written feedback has been widely investigated, relatively few studies have been conducted from feedback practitioners' perspectives to investigate teachers' beliefs regarding it, particularly compare beliefs held by teachers with different sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds. Consequently, much remains to be known about teachers' conceptions about written feedback, who has different first languages (L1). To bridge such a gap, we conducted this qualitative study to examine the similarities and differences between native English-speaking (NES) and non-native English-speaking (NNES) teachers' beliefs in Chinese University EFL settings. We analyzed the in-depth interviews with eight teachers through thematic analysis. The findings showed that NES and NNES teachers espoused a range of beliefs in relation to the five themes of written feedback: Purpose, scope, focus, strategy, and orientation. While they shared similar beliefs with regard to feedback focus, their beliefs differed in terms of feedback scope. Important implications are discussed for educational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers' beliefs are very influential in the success of learning in the classroom. The teacher is the person who knows best how to successfully use learning materials to achieve learning objectives. This study aims to explore how teachers' beliefs in Javanese language learning materials in the local content curriculum, especially for the Central Java region. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data obtained by questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data analysis is carried out by grouping the teachers' beliefs points towards the Javanese language teaching material. The results show that more than 70% of teachers believe that the Javanese language teaching materials contained in the local content curriculum are too difficult for students both in terms of language and content. Meanwhile, based on the FGD analysis of curriculum documents and Javanese textbooks, it is also found that some teaching materials are not in order and are not in accordance with the development of students, thus making students find it difficult to understand the material. This causes the learning objectives of the Javanese language tend to have not achieved maximum results. The results of this study can be a recommendation for stakeholders to evaluate the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the role of personal relevance in conceptual change. First, we used an experimental design to investigate the role of augmented activation—which directly implicated teachers' personal prior beliefs about mathematics learning and instruction—and refutational text manipulations on short and long-term conceptual change in preservice and inservice teachers' constructivist beliefs about mathematics to test for a mechanism of change. Second, we examined the relationships among affect, cognitive processing, and conceptual change to clarify our understanding of the mechanisms of the conceptual change process and to empirically test key hypotheses in the Cognitive-Affective Model of Conceptual Change (CAMCC). Our results indicated that messages that heighten the personal relevance and challenge to prior beliefs with contrary evidence (i.e., augmented activation) produced conceptual change in preservice and inservice teachers' mathematics beliefs, whereas there was no consistent effect of refutational text. We also found support for several key pathways in the CAMCC, with implications for conceptual change theory and teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Code-switching or using a native language (L1) is commonly employed in an EFL classroom to facilitate comprehension to low-proficiency learners. However, in a context where teachers and learners do not share the same mother tongue, it causes some challenges to language teachers. As teachers' beliefs directly influence their practices, and research on teachers' beliefs in teaching low proficiency learners has been limited, this study aims to investigate teachers' beliefs and practices relating to this regard to better understand the phenomena. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study. Five teachers of English at a university in southern Thailand participated in the study. Their beliefs were investigated through semi-structured interviews, and their practices were observed throughout the first half of the semester to explore how they taught or how to tackle the language barriers. The results reveal that teachers' beliefs and practices were interwoven. Most teacher participants viewed low-proficiency learners as those who had low motivation and lacked language competence to produce the target language. The major challenges were related to students' low motivation and low proficiency which caused difficulties in communication and instruction. With reference to their practices, this study indicates that L1 still played an important role even when teachers and students could not communicate through their native language. Other practices were frequently observed included simplification, restatement, asking students to spell out the words, and visualization. The results of the study, therefore, provide insights into teachers' beliefs and guide teachers' practices relating to these instructional phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Europe, the number of early bilingual/multilingual or CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) programmes is increasing. They offer ideal circumstances for learners of various linguistic and cultural backgrounds, foreigners and native speakers alike. Awakening to languages, building positive attitudes toward other nations and developing openness, tolerance, and intercultural awareness can occur naturally in the early years when professional support and conditions are provided. Teachers working in bilingual or plurilingual educational contexts need a wide range of unique competencies. ELTE University, Faculty of Primary and Pre-school Education is one of the few institutions in Hungary providing early pre-service bilingual teacher training at a BA level since 2006. The article presents ELTE TÓK's student teachers' beliefs by investigating their metaphors of the effective CLIL practitioner, emphasising those with a linguistic and cultural dimension. Their metaphors prove that future teachers have adequate personal and professional competencies to support young learners' plurilingual and multicultural development in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of additional language (AL) learning, teachers need to focus on the development of language proficiency as well as on high-level literacy skills, for example, comprehending and evaluating information and creating new meaning. From a plurilingual perspective, AL learners' first language (L1) is conceputalised as a useful tool in the development of target language proficiency; however, limited information exists concerning AL teachers' beliefs towards the use of the L1 for high-level literacy instruction despite its potential utility for complex skill development. The aim of the present exploratory study was to examine the beliefs of in-service teachers of English as an additional language (EAL) working in the Quebec primary and secondary school system in francophone Canada regarding plurilingual approaches for classroom literacy practices and to uncover the factors that influence their beliefs. An online survey was distributed to in-service EAL teachers (N = 57) working in the province of Quebec, Canada. Findings suggest that teachers believe that it is most beneficial to adopt a monolingual lens to literacy instruction, a belief that denies learners' use of their L1 and this, in a bilingual country. Implications for teacher education programs that challenge a monolingual lens are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are one of the primary settings for fostering skills to support students in understanding the causes, motivations and outcomes of extremism (Vallinkoski et al. 2021). This article presents the results of a pilot study focusing on Estonian educators' experiences with discussing and tackling extremism in the classroom. The questionnaire of the study is created based on a similar study conducted in Finland by Vallinkoski, Koirikivi and Malkki (2021), with the permission of the main author and adaptions for the Estonian context. Less than half of the teachers mentioned instances where they had met students supporting or following an extremist ideology. Most of the latter were not fully certain about how to classify the cases they had in mind. The examples that were mentioned most often were right-wing extremism, conspiracy theories, Islamism, coronavirus, Nazism and Communism. Estonian teachers are enthusiastic about the positive role of education in the prevention of extremism. However, they struggle with the 'ambiguity' of extremism, partly due to the Estonian system of education that does not include a nation-wide program for prevention of extremism or counter-radicalisation in education. Correspondingly, teachers feel quite uncertain about what their exact duty, role and mandate is as far as extremism is concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate what language teachers believe and practice regarding the transition to online teaching, which needs more extensive research to understand the effect of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) on language teaching and learning. 156 teachers of English teachers in higher education across 5 regions stated their beliefs and practices regarding ERT that were studied through the analytical framework of data analysis informed by quantitative and qualitative tools. Descriptive statistics with the use of frequencies and percentages were used for the quantitative approach. As for the qualitative approach, qualitative content analysis was employed as the analytical tool for data analysis. Four main themes emerged from the analysis in which English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' beliefs and experiences gathered around the areas of teacher training and readiness for ERT, motivation, learner autonomy and engagement. Lack of training both on technological and pedagogical approaches was cited as one of the main challenges. In this sense, it was found that the pedagogy-informed design of new educational technology was not formed to deliver online teaching effectively. Therefore, this study adds to the knowledge of the current insights into online education amid the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly from EFL teachers' perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This analysis of quantitative data from a nationwide sample of k-12 teachers (N=4,600) examines teachers' views on a range of modern immigration issues including DACA, the scope of deportations, levels of immigration, and a pathway to citizenship. Overall, teachers showed more inclusive stances towards immigration overall. However, there appeared to be a more inclusive response to immigrants already in the country than new immigrants entering the nation. There were also statistically significant differences based on age, race and ethnicity, region of the country, and political party. These variances are examined deeper in the text. These results are of vital importance for teachers and teacher educators given the realities with which immigration discussions and debates have affected both the society and the classroom. The larger contention is that teachers' views on these contentious issues of modern immigration are not just abstract, societal views but have deep relevance to their positionality as teachers, mentors, and advocates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reports findings from an investigation into migrant and non-migrant origin pre-service teachers’ beliefs about multilingualism and the relationship between their linguistic trajectories as students and how they perceive themselves as future teachers. We analize the beliefs of around seventy pre-service teachers taking part in a university course, collected through an individual reflection tool based on a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and a group discussion in which students had to discuss their ideas and create a collective document. In this article we focus on the discourse of four pre-service teachers, two of whom had migration backgrounds and two of whom who did not. Findings suggest that pre-service teachers’ life and learning experiences contribute to different emotions and feeling about language and teaching in a multilingual setting. They also influence the perception the pre-service teachers have of themselves as future teachers. Pre-service teachers regard the preparation received at the university negatively and express insecurities. Findings illustrate that migrant origin pre-service teachers feel more prepared in the sense they believe that their migration experience can help to understand newcoming students and be empathic with them.

Although the efficacy of teacher written feedback has been widely investigated, relatively few studies have been conducted from feedback practitioners' perspectives to investigate teachers' beliefs regarding it, particularly compare beliefs held by teachers with different sociocultural and linguistic backgrounds. Consequently, much remains to be known about teachers' conceptions about written feedback, who has different first languages (L1). To bridge such a gap, we conducted this qualitative study to examine the similarities and differences between native English-speaking (NES) and non-native English-speaking (NNES) teachers' beliefs in Chinese University EFL settings. We analyzed the in-depth interviews with eight teachers through thematic analysis. The findings showed that NES and NNES teachers espoused a range of beliefs in relation to the five themes of written feedback: Purpose, scope, focus, strategy, and orientation. While they shared similar beliefs with regard to feedback focus, their beliefs differed in terms of feedback scope. Important implications are discussed for educational practices.

An earlier paper focused on how born-free learners constitute, negotiate and represent their identities after almost two and half decades of democracy in South Africa. Utilising the theoretical framework of subjective realities of educational change, in this article I set out to explore what implications teachers' beliefs hold for born-free learners, and how teachers' beliefs can be changed or adapted to initiate appropriate educational change. The focus of this article is on the beliefs of teachers and how the change thereof can contribute to educational change, based on how learners perceive their identities. The epistemological lens of social constructivism and the research strategy of narrative inquiry was used. Fifty-eight born-free learners across 6 research sites participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews and field notes comprised the data capture, which were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method. Findings reveal that shifting and diverse selfidentifications of born-free learners hold fundamental and crucial implications that reside at the heart of educational change, namely a change in teachers' beliefs and in teachers' practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An educational reform in Iran required teachers to employ communicative pedagogies while teaching English at secondary schools in order to develop students' communicative ability. This study seeks to understand three Iranian English language teachers' incentives for supporting their strongly established grammar instruction practices as they trialed aspects of task‐supported language teaching. Interviews and observations were used to gather data from these teachers in a junior secondary school. The results revealed that despite the teachers' practical attempts to implement reform changes, their strong beliefs in the importance of accuracy, enhanced by their students' low English proficiency and parental expectation, continued to guide lessons with an initial explicit grammar teaching. The results support the post‐method pedagogical idealism, emphasising that communicative goals should embrace class context particularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined (in)congruences between beliefs and practices of EFL university teachers on in‐class oral corrective feedback (OCF). The participants were 20 university English language teachers from a private university in Turkey. Data were collected via video‐recorded non‐participant detached observation, a task about OCF to determine the beliefs of the teachers, and a stimulated recall interview. The results showed incongruence between what the teachers said they believed and what they did. However, teachers' beliefs and practices were similar regarding whether the errors should be corrected, when errors should be corrected, and who should correct them. Particularly notable in this study was the finding that those teachers with the greatest incongruence almost always stood by their decisions, even after they watched their unsuccessful OCF practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although action research (AR) is considered essential for teacher development in second/foreign language (L2) education, no validated scale has been designed for its measurement. With that in mind, this study attempted to develop and validate an Inventory on Teachers' Beliefs about Action Research (ITBAR). Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, a model construction and validation framework consisting of exploratory and confirmatory analyses was used to examine the construct validity of a proposed model. The participants were 287 practicing English language teachers at different institutes, schools, and colleges/universities in Iran. Findings: The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale can be best explained by six factors. However, one factor was removed from further analysis because of the low reliability of its components. Thus, confirmatory factor analysis was run with the five remaining factors which, based on the loading of the items and their underlying themes, were named Teacher Empowerment, Practical Issues, Professional Development, Institutional Culture, and Research Engagement. Originality/value: The ITBAR developed in this study is aimed to reflect the realities of L2 classrooms and give direction to the process of critical reflection by providing a context through which teachers articulate their own beliefs about AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research works linked to the thinking of the teaching staff influence the relevant influence that implicit theories exert on decision-making about classroom practise and on the academic performance of students. In this sense, the present study focuses on the teaching belief system about the development of argumentation in the commentary of multimodal texts. For this, a quantitative methodology based on non-experimental or ex post facto design with semi-structured and closed survey-questionnaire-type instruments has been selected. From a target population made up of Spanish teachers, 502 respondents selected using the non-probabilistic sampling technique applied the accessibility criterion. An ad hoc questionnaire has been drawn up consisting of 28 items digitised electronically using the survey platform of the University of Murcia. It has been structured in two blocks: the first aimed at establishing the sociodemographic and professional profile of the participants and the second at collecting data related to the teachers' beliefs regarding the work of the text commentary in class. The results show five professional profiles defined based on the implicit theories and the pedagogical model to which they are associated. It is also found that the majority declare that they align themselves with non-conservative didactic trends or approaches, centred on the student body and oriented toward the construction of critical knowledge. In this regard, manifest contradictions are detected between his implicit and explicit epistemological convictions. The findings of this study offer guidelines for the design of an effective and efficient argumentative text commentary formative proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main goals of language teacher education programs is to prepare professionals who can respond to the growing demands of society for quality instruction. However, we often find that training in current theories and methods has limited impact on pre-service teachers’ long established beliefs and ultimately on their practice. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative study is to explore the conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 2008) used by pre-service teachers when writing their teaching philosophy as a way of unveiling their underlying cognitive mappings. We propose that making future teachers aware of the entrenched metaphors they use to talk about teaching and learning might be a first step in changing their observable behavior. The results of this study show that in spite of exposure to current theories on teaching and learning, pre-service teachers tend to keep outdated theories. This work in conjunction with other strategies will help teacher trainers to foster integration of current ideas about teaching and learning in their students and to recognize their role in improving language education.

Communicative language teaching (CLT) is considered as a teaching approach that assists learners to achieve communicative competence. However, it seems as though a major gap exists regarding how teachers’ beliefs affect the implementation of CLT in primary school. In the study reported on here, we examined how primary school teachers’ beliefs affect the way in which CLT is implemented in Zimbabwe using a case study of five purposively selected teachers. The analysis aimed to explore what the teachers believed about CLT and how their beliefs were reflected in their classroom practices. The study adopted an inductive thematic analysis that permitted an understanding of how teacher beliefs affected classroom practice through teacher–learner and learner–learner interactions. Data from classroom observations, interviews, documents and field notes were analysed to reveal the phenomenon under study. A major finding of this study reveals that teachers hold beliefs that are not in support of the use of CLT. These beliefs are pedagogical and methodological, and both influence the way in which CLT is implemented. Teachers had their own ideas about CLT and the activities that should be used when implementing it. The teachers’ beliefs were established through observing how teachers implemented CLT and through the knowledge that they had about the approach. In view of the foregoing major finding, it is recommended that teacher training colleges should not emphasise traditional methods of teaching but rather focus more on CLT as a teaching approach.

Reflective practice is widely acknowledged as the most effective means to create effective teacher who wants to have better understanding of their works. It has been explicitly stated in western academic teacher education curriculum due to its significant impact on constructing life-long learning for teachers. However, this beneficial contribution of teachers’ professional development is not growing within the context of English as a foreign Language (EFL) teaching. Accordingly, this descriptive qualitative research aimed at (1) investigating teachers’ beliefs in teaching and learning English by utilizing reflective tools, and (2) attempting to identify whether or not their beliefs are implemented in their practices in which the reasons will also be explored. The data were gathered through interviews and classroom observations as the main source. Three English teachers were investigated to elicit their beliefs about teaching and learning. The findings showed years of teaching experiences and past experiences as a learner are the most arisen theme in which the initial facet strongly affects the way they perceive teaching, and the latter occurrence theme indirectly shape the teachers’ beliefs. As regards to the relation of their practices and their stated belief, however, not all of their beliefs were implemented in the classroom due to several factors such as the students’ factors, time-constraint, and the school obligations.

The last two decades have been the witness of many studies reporting the disparity between EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices in technology integration around the world. Notwithstanding the enormous studies on EFL teachers’ beliefs and perceptions of digital technology use for language classroom, the literature has still been silent on the relation between Indonesian EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices. The present study thus sheds some light on 15 EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices about digital learning of English in Indonesia. Drawing on data from the written reflections and semi-structured interviews, the findings revealed that these EFL teachers were well equipped with the importance and objective of teaching English by means of digital devices, but appeared hesitant and lacked of preparation in their teaching practices. The semi-structured interview further depicted that their unconfident and lack of preparation was not only a result of inadequate training but also of limited resources and digital facilitation. The institutional supports influenced by environmental readiness also affected their efficacy for digital learning of English. The findings contribute to the realm of English language teaching with regards to offering literature of EFL teachers’ professional development.

Recent studies have revealed that English has become a global language that is commonly used, particularly in the education sector, for various purposes. In the education sector, teachers serve as the most important role model in improving learners’ English language competency. Evidently, at the age of 4 to 6 years old, preschoolers are proven to be able to learn a second language sufficiently hence it is critical for pre-school teachers to be able to teach English to the children at this stage precisely. English, however, is not set to become one of the major requirements for pre-school teachers, especially in Pahang, Malaysia. Due to this, the beliefs of the pre-school teachers initiate a critical indicator in deciding if, given the circumstances, pre-school children can receive adequate English inputs and exposure at their age. The aim of this study is to identify the beliefs of pre-school teachers in their ability of teaching English to preschoolers in Pahang, Malaysia. In the study, 60 pre-school teachers in Pahang were given a set of questionnaires consisting of 14 items and all 60 were returned. In the pilot study, the questionnaire showed a 0.9 Cronbach alpha value indicating a high reliability point. The findings of this study suggest a much more positive view of teachers’ beliefs in pre-school English teachings. This can become a stimulus for the growth of English proficiency among Malaysian children and consequently improve the standard of English in Malaysia in the future.

Even though many classroom-based studies reported the possible advantages of oral corrective feedback (OCF) for language learning, little information is available about teachers’ beliefs about OCF in classrooms and its relationship with their experience. This study attempted to compare the stated beliefs and classroom practices of three female English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers about OCF. In so doing, data was collected through video-recording three sessions of their teaching procedure and the follow-up stimulated recall interviews. The results of the study showed that irrespective of their teaching experience, the participating teachers unanimously believed that provision of OCF in the class is of prime importance. However, the use of all types of OCF practices was just observable in experienced teachers’ classes and the novice one preferred the duality of explicit correction and metalinguistic feedback and did not provide any recasts and elicitations. It was also found that learner-related issues seemed to be working within the limits of teaching experience in shaping the three teachers’ beliefs about providing OCF practices. Moreover, the novice teacher showed to resort to her own language learning in justifying her OCF practices. Implications of the findings are discussed and some suggestions are provided for further research.

There is a large number of children with autism who need to be taught within the Indonesian education system. A significant influence on how their needs are perceived are the epistemological and cultural beliefs of teachers. This research is the first to examine these issues in the context of the Indonesian government’s intention to develop an inclusive education system. An analysis of 136 questionnaire responses from teachers and educational therapists indicated that although only a minority was aware of, or had been trained in, established autism interventions, children with autism are being taught within Indonesian schools. This included being taught within regular schools. The data suggest that having access to information about autism in the Bahasa Indonesia language plays a role in educators’ beliefs about the stigmatization of teachers and parents of autistic children. Teachers’ epistemological beliefs were found to be linked to their beliefs in inclusive education. This research suggests that is essential for educational research to acknowledge the influence of the cultural milieu within which inclusive education is being developed. The implications of this research for how the development of inclusive education can be supported within Indonesia are discussed.

This paper investigates the challenges lecturers face in English-medium instruction (EMI) programs and explores their beliefs concerning possible collaboration with language specialists through team-teaching, an option which would offer linguistic support to teachers and students. We used data gathered from discussion groups involving lecturers at two Spanish universities. Results show that the main challenges EMI lecturers have to deal with relate to the specificities of teaching in a foreign language. EMI lecturers acknowledge that the benefits of collaborating with language lecturers could prove to be a valuable asset, its value outweighing any initial misgivings.

Teachers’ self-efficacy has widely recognized as a strong contributor to the student achievement and teachers’ psychological well-being. A large body of research has focused on individual’s self-efficacy beliefs. However, research on collective self-efficacy is sparse. The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale (CTE) on Greek context and to examine how collective teacher efficacy was related to teacher job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 201 primary school teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and showed that Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale had a two-factor structure. The results also indicated that collective teacher efficacy had a positive significant relationship with teacher’s job satisfaction. Implications and directions for future research are suggested.

This paper illustrates some teachers’ perspectives, beliefs and experiences as to distance learning before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A specifically designed online survey was administered to a hundred primary-school EFL teachers in some regions of Italy, Romania, and Spain in May/July 2020, and a comparative analysis of the responses was conducted to examine how teachers bore the brunt of the pandemic in areas that were severely affected by it. Results suggest that educators were somehow prepared to face distance learning in terms of resources and materials. During the lockdown they used synchronous video-conferencing tools and online games more extensively. Although they struggled to monitor children’s progress and to maintain motivation throughout the school closures, educators seem ready to implement these tools and strategies in future blended teaching. However, educators admit to lack specific training aimed at learning how to implement EFL online teaching, and they are concerned about its efficacy with young learners.

This article deals with a field of empirical history education research, which is currently attracting increased attention within the German-speaking and the international communities – namely history teachers’ beliefs. It is argued that although beliefs of history teachers are examined in many research projects, we do not have a common understanding of the construct. There is no widely accepted system of categories to which empirical research could relate. This article provides such a system with the aim of facilitating academic discussion about history teachers’ beliefs. I will present central topics and lines of discussion within the international empirical literature about history teachers’ beliefs, drawing on a literature review of 40 published articles in English, German and Spanish. Furthermore, some results from my own empirical project about the beliefs of Austrian history teachers are concisely presented. Based on a category system and a literature review, the contribution will finally discuss promising fields for future research on history teachers’ beliefs.

La narración de historias es una poderosa arma educativa para alumnos de infantil y primaria. Existe abundante literatura en donde se enfatiza la importancia de la narrativa como instrumento significativo tanto en el aprendizaje de lenguas (Cameron, 2001; Kim, 2010) como en su uso (Magid, 2013). La pandemia COVID ha acelerado la implementación de métodos de aprendizaje a distancia en la escuela y ha supuesto asimismo una prueba para comprobar su efectividad en entornos virtuales. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la relación existente entre las creencias del profesorado y la aplicación de instrumentos digitales en la enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera dentro del contexto del cierre de las escuelas. Como instrumento de investigación se ha utilizado un cuestionario online que ha sido contestado parcialmente por 54 educadores y totalmente por 32. Los resultados parecen indicar que, a pesar de la falta de formación y las dificultades pedagógicas y técnicas inherentes a la enseñanza virtual, se ha generalizado el uso de herramientas online para seguir leyendo historias en la clase de inglés como lengua extranjera.

The research works linked to the thinking of the teaching staff influence the relevant influence that implicit theories exert on decision-making about classroom practise and on the academic performance of students. In this sense, the present study focuses on the teaching belief system about the development of argumentation in the commentary of multimodal texts. For this, a quantitative methodology based on non-experimental or ex post facto design with semi-structured and closed survey-questionnaire-type instruments has been selected. From a target population made up of Spanish teachers, 502 respondents selected using the non-probabilistic sampling technique applied the accessibility criterion. An ad hoc questionnaire has been drawn up consisting of 28 items digitised electronically using the survey platform of the University of Murcia. It has been structured in two blocks: the first aimed at establishing the sociodemographic and professional profile of the participants and the second at collecting data related to the teachers' beliefs regarding the work of the text commentary in class. The results show five professional profiles defined based on the implicit theories and the pedagogical model to which they are associated. It is also found that the majority declare that they align themselves with non-conservative didactic trends or approaches, centred on the student body and oriented toward the construction of critical knowledge. In this regard, manifest contradictions are detected between his implicit and explicit epistemological convictions. The findings of this study offer guidelines for the design of an effective and efficient argumentative text commentary formative proposal.

Intercultural competence has become one of the important goals of foreign language education. The potential and value of foreign language education on students' intercultural competence (IC) has been widely recognized by academia. Currently, most of the research on intercultural foreign language teachers in China focuses on university teachers, with little attention paid to primary school EFL teachers. However, the cultivation of IC is a staged and continuous process which cannot be achieved in one stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to include primary school EFL teachers in the study of IC cultivation. This paper presents data on Chinese primary school EFL teachers' beliefs about incorporating IC into foreign language teaching. Specifically, their understanding of culture, IC, and intercultural teaching practices are investigated through interviews. The interview transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research found: 1. Chinese primary school EFL teachers generally hold an essentialist view of culture; 2. Teachers emphasize the attitudinal dimension of IC; however, they also exhibit a tendency to oversimplify IC or perceive it as a higher-order skill than language proficiency, hence deeming it unsuitable for cultivation at the primary school level; 3. Most cultural teaching practices are teacher-centered, focusing on background knowledge-style introduction. In general, teachers' intercultural teaching practices align with their cultural outlook. At last, the study explores two suggestions for promoting intercultural foreign language teaching: 1. Supporting primary school EFL teachers in updating their language and culture concepts system; 2. Encouraging teachers to reflect on their daily teaching practices as a major opportunity to promote the development of intercultural foreign language teaching., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The leading implementers of the curriculum and educational system are teachers, so the success and failure of the educational system depend mainly on its teachers. If teachers have an established professional identity, it leads to the success of the educational system. Professional identity, like other aspects of the teaching and learning process, is influenced by various factors. Investigating this concept requires identifying the factors affecting it. One of the most important factors that influence teachers' professional identity is teachers' emotions. Teachers' emotions also can have a significant impact on teachers' performance. After searching the databases, this review article examines the role of teachers' emotions and their professional identities in English as a foreign language (EFL) or English as a second language (ESL) classrooms. This review paper unpacks that factors such as teachers' pedagogical beliefs, their positive and negative emotional experiences, their environmental and cultural factors, and their perceptions and expectations of these conditions could affect their emotions as well as their professional identity. Teachers' identity is shaped through ongoing negotiation and interaction that encompasses their personal and professional lives. Taking these factors into account in teacher training courses might notify teachers of the challenges that they might have in their classrooms and provide them with practical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each teacher evaluates students' learning outcomes in their own way, depending on their own ideas and beliefs about teaching, learning, and assessing. It impacts on how pupils work. As a result, concentrating on instructors' perspectives in general appears to be vital, and exposing EFL teachers' evaluation concepts is crucial and requires considerable investigation. The current study examines teachers' assessment conceptions of English as a foreign language (EFL) at a Saudi University. Specifically, it investigates EFL university teachers' assessment conceptions using Brown's (2006) Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment Abridged Inventory, four-factor assessment inventory conceptions that include variables like student accountability, school accountability, progress, and irrelevance. The survey employed a Likert scale with response options ranging from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). The researcher gathered the study's data using Google Forms and administered an online questionnaire to fifteen EFL English teachers in English Language Center at a Saudi University called Afaq University (pseudonym), Saudi Arabia. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed manually by descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrated that of all participants, the enhancement principle had the primary value, whereas the conceptions of irrelevance, on the other hand, were discovered to have the lowest level of agreement. The study presented some pedagogical implications and then concluded with the need for further triangulated exploration of the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The longest internal conflict in Colombia was concluded in 2016, leading to the creation of Cátedra de la Paz, a peace and citizenship education course required for all schools and grade levels. However, teachers' understanding of the course, their ways of implementation and the challenges they face remain unknown. This study examines teachers' understanding of Cátedra de la Paz and the challenges they face when implementing it. Data were collected from 45 teachers using qualitative survey, followed by semi-structured interviews with 10 selected participants. Results showed that a) teachers have more integrated views of the course compared to the guideline provided by the Ministry of National Education, and b) teachers face several challenges implementing the course. Findings provide insights about context-oriented learning design for peace education and highlight the need for professional development and relevant support for teachers in a way that considers their understanding and implementation of peace education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study outlines what motivates some secondary mathematics teachers to develop critically informed citizens in the mathematics classroom. Data was collected through eight semi-structured interviews which outlined the teachers’ own experiences and pedagogical approaches relating to developing students as critically informed citizens in the secondary mathematics classroom. An adapted version of Ernest’s model of mathematics-related belief systems was used as card sort prompts for the interview. The same model was also used to analyse the interview data and identify what motivated teachers to take this pedagogical approach. Evidence from the study suggests that teachers from diverse mathematical beliefs and academic backgrounds are motivated to develop students into informed citizens in the mathematics classroom because they have an underlying concern for the student. This underlying concern is not necessarily reflected in the teacher’s mathematical belief system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers' beliefs play a significant role in students' academic attainment and career choices. Despite comparable attainment levels between genders, persistent stereotypes and beliefs that certain disciplines require innate ability and that men and women have different ability levels impede students' academic career paths. In this study, we examined the prevalence of US mathematics teachers' explicit general and gender-specific beliefs about mathematical ability and identified which teacher characteristics were associated with these beliefs. An analysis of data from 382 K-8 teachers in the USA indicated that overall, teachers disagreed with the idea that general and gender-specific mathematical ability is innate and agreed with the idea that hard work and dedication are required for success in mathematics. However, our findings indicate that those who believed mathematics requires brilliance also tended to think girls lacked this ability. We also found that teachers who were teaching mathematics to 11- to 14-year-old students seemed to believe that mathematics requires innate ability compared with teachers who were teaching mathematics to 5- to 10-year-old students. In addition, more experienced teachers and teachers who worked with special education students seemed to believe less in the role of hard work in success in mathematics, which could have serious consequences for shaping their students' beliefs about their academic self-concept and future career-related decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are a fundamental factor of quality in the educational process. Their professional beliefs configure teaching behaviours and conduct. The aim of this research was to analyse the professional beliefs of primary education teachers in the city of Valencia and to carry out a comparison between these beliefs and the variables Gender, Age, Professional Experience, Type of school and If they have children. A mixed methodology was used: quantitative, qualitative and comparative. We applied the Questionnaire on Teaching Competencies of Primary Education teachers, prepared, ad hoc, following the theoretical Model of Planned Action. A total of 371 teachers participated in the study, from both state schools and concertado (sponsored by a public voucher system) schools. After applying the appropriate statistics, the following results were obtained. Teachers perceived themselves to have very positive beliefs about the teaching-learning process in general terms. Significant differences were found according to gender, age, professional experience and type of school. In conclusion, a high self-perception regarding professional beliefs was found in all the teachers analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]