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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Research evidence shows that skeletal muscle contractile activity can induce ribosomal biogenesis, which plays an important role in the control of skeletal muscle mass. OBJECTIVE: To review the main mechanism of ribosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, upstream regulatory signals of ribosomal biogenesis in skeletal muscle, and effect of exercise on ribosomal biogenesis, and to explore the ribosome biogenesis mechanism of exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertroph METHODS: Relevant studies about exercise, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and ribosome biogenesis in CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases were searched. The key words were “exercise, resistance training, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis” in English and Chinese. Relevant literatures published from 1999 to 2019 were searched and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ribosome biogenesis as a main source of translational capacity plays an important role in muscle growth. (2) A single bout of resistance exercise can promote the ribosome biogenesis. However, cumulative bouts of resistance exercise eventually lead to the accumulation of mature rRNAs, leading to increased concentration of total RNA, which promote the growth of skeletal muscle. (3) Ribosome biogenesis may be the key molecular mechanism for the regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training. (4) Moderate-volume resistance training led to adaptations to resistance training. This hypertrophy was associated with volume-dependent regulation of total RNA. This suggests that ribosomal biogenesis regulates the dose-effect relationship between training volume and muscle hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National University of Defense Technology / Guofang Keji Daxue Xuebao is the property of NUDT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the scarcity of wireless spectrum resources and low utilization rate, this paper presented a spectrum allocation method based on binary fireworks optimization algorithm. Each firework individual carried out distributed explosion search, and the method proposed an improved formula to update the explosion radius of the optimal fireworks dynamically. For the lack of information exchange between particles in the variation process, the algorithm introduced the crossover operator and mutation operator of the genetic algorithm to further enhance the population diversity. In order to avoid falling into a local optimum, the algorithm used simulated annealing with Metropolis criterion to perturb the selected optimal individuals. The simulation experiment shows that the method has the characteristics of high optimization accuracy and high convergence speed . It can achieve the maximization of the network efficiency and the proportional fairness among different users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Signal Processing is the property of Journal of Signal Processing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the dynamic response of roller compacted concrete base(RCC-base) asphalt pavement under the load of falling weight deflectometer(FWD), a test road was paved. Laying strain sensors inside the test road, the strain responses in the pavement structure layer of the test road under different work conditions were obtained. The dynamic characteristics of RCC-base asphalt pavement and the effects of load and temperature on the dynamic response of pavement were analyzed. The prediction model of the maximum horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of RCC-base asphalt pavement was established. The results show that under the FWD load, the deflection of pavement surface varies greatly within the range of 30 cm from the center of load plate, and the deflection of pavement surface varies slightly with the location outside 30 cm from the center of load plate. The higher the temperature is, the more obvious the trend is. Under the load center, the bottom of pavement structure layer shows tension strain, and the greater the load is, the greater the strain value is. Under the same load, the strains of subbase, base and surface of RCC-base asphalt pavement are less than those of traditional semi-rigid base asphalt pavement. With the increasing of load level and temperature, the strain of pavement structure layer is increased gradually. The strain at the bottom of asphalt pavement structure is increased linearly with the increasing of load and exponentially with the increasing of temperature. When the pavement temperature is increased by 50%, the strain level of RCC-base asphalt pavement under 50 kN load is equivalent to that under 100 kN load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the design and production process of TBM segment of the water tunnel of CCS Hydro-Junction Project were summarized. Firstly, according to the engineering geological conditions, the segment selection was made considering the diameter of the tunnel, the stress characteristics and the construction difficulty. Then, referring to the modified routine method recommended by the American code, the structural stress analysis and reinforcement calculation of the segment were carried out by the finite element analysis software ANSYS. Finally, according to the various technologies of concrete casting and maintenance process, the technical requirements for the whole process of segment production and the technical standards for factory acceptance were formulated. The design and production process of TBM segment in CCS water control project were summarized by the paper, the mechanical characteristics of segment structure were defined, some technical standards such as raw material inspection, concrete preparation, concrete vibration, concrete maintenance and factory inspection of segment concrete were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the necessity and indication of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients with gallstones diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 1431 patients who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2013 to December 2017 with the initial diagnosis of gallstones were collected. On admission, abdominal ultrasound found gallstones alone, without other lesions. The patients who were diagnosed with gallstones alone after surgical treatment were enrolled as control group, and those who were diagnosed with gallstones and common bile duct stones were enrolled as experimental group. A logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a predictive model for gallstones with common bile duct stones. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for the predictive model and each index, and the area under the ROC curve was calculated. Results Four indices were finally screened out by the logistic regression analysis, i.e., bile duct dilation (χ1), gallbladder enlargement (χ2), direct bilirubin (DBIL) (χ3), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (χ4), and the logistic regression model was Logi(P) = -4.153 + 3.592χ1 + 1.720χ2 + 1.798χ3 + 1.519χ4. In the diagnosis of common bile duct stones missed by color Doppler ultrasound, this model had a sensitivity of 53.4%, a specificity of 99.6%, an accuracy of 92.5%, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.904, which was significantly better than each index alone. Conclusion MRCP is not necessary for patients diagnosed with simple gallstones by color Doppler ultrasound. However, enlarged gallbladder, a diameter of common bile duct of ＞0.8 cm, DBil＞7 μmol/L, and GGT＞40 U/L are independent risk factors for gallstones with common bile duct stones. The logistic regression model established in this study has high sensitivity and specificity and can provide a reference for to decision-making among clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Takyric solonetz land, a typical subclass of alkali soil, is widely distributed in the North of Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia province, West Hetao Plain and north Xinjiang desert steppe in China. Due to the hard soil texture, poor permeability and difficult improvement, it has become the main factor severely affecting the development of local agriculture, and is expected to bring threat to the regional food security in the future. More and more improvement techniques have been developed to achieve a sustainable utilization of saline-alkali waste land, but the salt-water spatial and temporal distribution characteristics in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land remains unknown. We conducted 3a field comparative experiments to analyze the water-salt spatial and temporal distribution under natural conditions in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land at the farmland of Xidatan, Ningxia, China, which located in 106°24¢209²E, 38°50¢289²N. The results showed that: the soil moisture content was minimality in 0-20 cm soil, and its coefficient variation was maximum. Moisture content in 80-100 cm soil was larger, and its coefficient variation was smaller. Soil total salt and alkalinity variability were great, and which the spatial distribution were uneven. The variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 20-40 cm soil were respectively 51.2% and 60.4%, and the variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 40-100 cm soil was less. The soil total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm soil were the largest, and the soil total salt and alkalinity of 20-100 cm soil were reduced layer by layer. The moisture content of 0-40 cm soil varied greatly with the season, the change range of 40-100 cm soil was relatively stable, and the soil moisture content decreased year by year. Total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm was significantly higher than other soil layers. Soil desalination and salt accumulation in the soil layer 0-40 cm were alternating, salt change was active, and the soil total salt and alkalinity were increasing year by year. Soil mainly contains Na+, Cl-, SO4 2- and HCO3 - at 0-100 cm depth. Alkalinity and salt content at the 0-60 cm depth varied greatly among seasons.Soil moisture content gradually increased from the top soil layer (0 cm) to the deep soil layer (100 cm). These results will also provide a technical support for salt-water management of the newly reclaimed takyric solonetz farmlands, and a guide for the sustainable development and utilization of wasteland takyric solonetz land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Precision seeding plays an important role in intelligent agricultural machinery development because of its advantages of saving seeds, reducing labor intensity, improving operation efficiency and increasing farmers' income. Loss sowing caused by complex field environment and mechanical faults such as clogged seeding holes, pressure fluctuation and faster rotation speed of seeding plate is inevitable for rapeseed pneumatic precision metering device. Artificial reseeding or transplanting in the later stage not only increases manpower and material resources consumption but also delays farming season, reduces crop yield. Thus, loss sowing detection and automatic reseeding system has become one of the development trends in intelligent precision seeding. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars carried out many related studies on loss sowing detection and reseeding system, mainly for potato, corn, wheat and other large and medium seeds. Few studies have focused on loss sowing detection and reseeding system for rapeseed and other small seeds because of its small size, light weight and high frequency seeding. Ding Youchun put forward a loss sowing detection algorithm to evaluate seeding performance for rapeseed precision device and designed a spiral-tube reseeding device. However, a relatively complete system of loss sowing detection and reseeding system was not proposed. In this study, a variable reseeding system for rapeseed precision metering device was designed and tested. The system was composed of loss sowing detection device, rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate, variable reseeding device and reseeding monitoring display device. The commands and data between components of this system were orderly transmitted for real-time businesses by nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module. Discs with magnetic steel array (which magnetic steel numbers weres proportional to seeding holes) synchronously rotated with seeding plate, and rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate sensed magnetic steel with hall sensor to acquire theoretical seeding frequency. Loss sowing detection device installed under the metering device sensed rapeseed flow sequence, acquired seeding time intervals sequence and seeding numbers within one detection cycle sequence utilizing time capture interrupt function of MSP430 single-chip. Theoretical seeding frequency was updated by receiving the rotation datas which transmitted (timing 1s) from rotation speed measuring device of seeding plate. Loss sowing and reseeding state parameters (including miss coefficient, detection cycle, seeding numbers within one detection cycle, max seeding time interval and rotation speed of reseeding device) were calculated with the method of loss sowing detection in real time by time-varying window, and wireless transmitted to variable reseeding device and reseeding monitoring display device. The variable reseeding device integrated direct current speed reduction motor, single-chip microcomputer control system, motor drive system, wireless transceiver module and separate power into a whole. It received the reseeding command and variably reseeded in real-time utilizing the relational model of rotation speed and duty cycle. Reseeding monitoring display device, equipped with 7-inch color LED display screen, scrolling refresh displayed the status parameters of loss sowing and reseeding in recent 10 detection cycles. Bench test of variable reseeding system was carried out on the JPS-12 test-bed of pneumatic rapeseed precision metering device. During the test, variable reseeding device was lagged behind rapeseed precision metering device by 800 mm with 20 holes as a detection cycle. The theoretical loss sowing coefficient was set as 0.30, 0.50, 0.72, 0.90 and 1.00, and tests were carried out respectively at different rotation speed of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 r/min. The test results showed that, when precision metering device was within the range of normal seeding rate, the detection result of loss sowing was consistent with the actual value. Variable reseeding device could adjust its rotation speed to realize variable reseeding, and the ratio of reseeding amount to loss sowing amount was stable in a range of 1.2-1.4. In addition, field test indicated that the system avoided loss sowing on the basis of weak multiples sowing and improved seeding quality. The variable reseeding system presented may provide an effective technical support for loss sowing and auto-reseeding of rapeseed and other small seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As a new biodegradable metallic biomaterial, magnesium alloys with good bio-safety, degradability, mechanical strength and biocompatibility have been noticed in clinical practice. Recent studies mainly focus on the process and mechanism of degradation, biological safety and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys. Little is reported on the antibacterial properties of magnesium alloys. OBJECTIVE: To observe the antibacterial properties of novel magnesium alloys (Mg3Zn, Mg3Zn1Ag, Mg3Zn3Ag) in vivo. METHODS: The 12 of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with different materials (Mg, Mg3Zn, Mg3Zn1Ag, Mg3Zn3A; three rats for each material) in the tibia of the hind limbs, respectively. Then, Staphylococcus aureus solution was injected at the incision of each rat. The remaining rats only given injection of Staphylococcus aureus solution were taken as controls. The above-mentioned treatments were repeated in another 15 Sprague-Dawley rats except injection of Escherichia coli rather than Staphylococcus aureus. The body temperature of the rats was continuously monitored within 14 rats after implantation. At post-implantation days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 14, the white blood cell count was measured. At post-implantation day 14, the rats were sacrificed and the secretions and tissues of the surgical site were taken for bacterial identification. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The body temperature of all the rats increased after bacterial infection, but the temperature of the rats implanted with magnesium and magnesium alloys was always lower than that in the two control groups given pure bacterial infection. Moreover, the increment in body temperature of the rats declined with the increasing Ag content in magnesium alloys. Routine blood test results showed that the number of white blood cells increased after bacterial infection, while the number of white blood cells in the magnesium and magnesium alloy groups peaked at 5 days after implantation, and then significantly reduced as compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the increment in the cell number was reduced with the increasing Ag content in magnesium alloys. Bacterial culture results showed that S.aureus(+) in the Staphylococcus aureus infection group and E.coli(+) in the Escherichia coli infection group. To conclude, novel magnesium alloys exert marked antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)