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The authors present the dynamically developing Uzbek national sport, the brand of wrestling as a national and universal value, its role in educating students in the higher education system, as well as the results of pedagogical experiments.

Due to the study of the genesis of marriage ceremonies, its evolution and ethnic diversity in world science, ethnocultural, ethnographic, ethnoesthetic research directions have developed. The transformation of the values of marriage ceremonies requires a philosophical reflection of its moral, aesthetic essence. Although the evolutionary nature of marriage has a positive impact on the development of spiritual and aesthetic values of the peoples of the world, in most countries of the world the potential of this institution is not fully used to find solutions to global problems of human solidarity, individual dignity, equality and tolerance. Marriage ceremonies have as long a history as human history. Hence, this value has been formed and refined for thousands of years. Experts have chosen this topic as the object or subject of analysis and studied it from different scientific perspectives. In this article, we first try to make a comparative analysis of the concept of marriage, the Uzbek national marriage ceremony, its relationship with other related concepts, to reveal the connections and differences between them. At the same time, choosing the development of Uzbek national marriage ceremonies as a moral object, we try to shed light on its social features and the functions and evolution of Uzbek weddings.

So'nggi paytlarda faol o'qitish texnologiyalari, masalan, dizayn, AKT, tanqidiy fikrlashni rivojlantirish texnologiyasi, amaliy tadqiqotlar va boshqalar keng tarqalmoqda. Maqolada kimyo darslarida qo'llaniladigan usullar keltirilgan. Maqolada Keys-stadi metodi elementlarini «Kimyo» fanining muammoli mashg‘olotlarida qӯllash va uning afzalliklari haqida sӯz borgan. Na’munaviy keyslarga ba’zi bir misollar keltirilgan va ularni bajarish bӯyicha kӯrsatmalar berilgan.

When a solar cell is subjected to a negative voltage bias, it locally heats up due to the deposited electrical power. Therefore, every investigation of cell characteristics in the negative voltage regime faces the challenge that the measurement itself changes the state of the cell in a way that is difficult to quantify: On the one hand, the reverse breakdown is known to be strongly temperature dependent. On the other hand, negative voltages lead to metastable device changes which are also very sensitive to temperature. In the current study, we introduce a new approach to suppress this measurement-induced heating by inserting time delays between individual voltage pulses when measuring. As a sample system we use thin-film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers. First we verify that with this approach the measurement-induced heating is largely reduced. This allows us to then analyse the impact of the heating on two characteristics of the cells: (i) the reverse breakdown behaviour and (ii) reverse-bias-induced metastable device changes. The results show that minimising the measurement-induced heating leads to a significant increase of the breakdown voltage and effectively slows down the metastable dynamics. Regarding the reverse breakdown, the fundamental tunneling mechanisms that are believed to drive the breakdown remain qualitatively unchanged, but the heating affects the quantitative values extracted for the associated energy barriers. Regarding the reverse-bias metastability, the experimental data reveal that there are two responsible mechanisms that react differently to the heating: Apart from a charge redistribution at the front interface due to the amphoteric (VSe–VCu) divacancy complex, the modification of a transport barrier is observed which might be caused by ion migration towards the back interface. The findings in this study demonstrate that local sample heating due to reverse-bias measurements can have a notable impact on device behaviour which needs to be kept in mind when developing models of the underlying physical processes.

Regular analysis of soil moisture is important for assessing the condition of soil fertility for adaptation to climate change, for the subsequent determination of the reasons for the deterioration of soil conditions, and for the preservation of sustainable agricultural development. Traditional field methods for studying land are laborious and costly. The aim of this scientific work is to develop an effective methodology for using Sentinel-2 satellite data to analyse changes in the condition of land moisture in the Republic of Uzbekistan, using the example of the pilot region under study in the Jizzakh region. The proposed methodology can be adapted in other regions for the effective monitoring of land resources. To conclude, the process of planning and organizing work on the conservation of crops is greatly simplified. It can be possible to save tens of thousands of hectares of highly productive land in agricultural circulation.

When dams are built, sedimentation accumulation starts in high-fuzzy; after filling of dead volume happens, blurring of useful volume, and the efficiency of the reservoir decreases. In this research, the Chartak reservoir in the Namangan region. In this study, the ArcGIS application was used with the ArcMap program. Originally Sentinel 2 Satellite images were downloaded free of charge from Glo Vis US official website. The unstable reservoirs were selected for the length of the reservoir. For each reservoir, the dependence of the water level on the flow rate was calculated, thus analyzing the sediment movement. The research results showed that 10 control points were taken, where Q was the same. In the first control point, in which all value was a bit lower than others, Q was 5, followed by 310 in B, 3.4 in H, omega had 1081.3, and 4.6 in ϑ.

The article shows the results of the analysis of the actual material and reference sources on the main regularities of the well flushing during core drilling. Based on the analysis, the authors give the recommended rates of upward flow for water, saline mud and normal clay mud at the well drilling for exploratory columns.

The article taking into account the mechanical characteristics and technological resistances of the operator of a tillage machine with a variable chain drive in the transmission mechanism, the problem of the dynamics of the machine unit with a degree of freedom equal to two is solved, and the laws of mass movement are determined.

The gallium content-dependent theoretical limit of the efficiencies of Cu ( In , Ga ) Se2 solar cells were studied using a MATLAB model developed based on the Shockley–Queisser detailed balance. The developed model included the temperature dependence of the bandgap according to the gallium content. The original Shockley–Queisser detailed-balance and the developed model at the ASTM G173-03 AM1.5G solar irradiance were used to calculate the gallium content and solar cell temperature-dependent theoretical efficiency limits of a Cu ( In1 − xGax ) Se2-based solar cell. Due to the spectral distribution of the solar irradiance, there were two “peaks” of efficiency: one at values of x around 0.2 prevails at lower temperatures and the other at values of x around 0.6 higher at temperatures above 0°C. Consequently, there is a “pit” with a minimum at x of around 0.5. Values of x corresponding to these values are higher for the temperature-dependent bandgap model. The calculated relative difference between the ultimate efficiency limit and the theoretical efficiency at x = 0.3 at 310 K is

Нейтрализация жараёнини 20...22°С да, хомашё кислота сони ўрнатилган миқдори пасайиши таъминланадиган вақт давомийлигида амалга оширилди. Тадқиқотлар электромагнит майдонда ишқорий эритмани ишлов бермасдан ва бериб ўтказилди.

The new flavonoid diglycoside thamiflaside was isolated from the aerial part of Thalictrum minus. The chemical structure of this glycoside was determined as apigenin 7-O-α-L-2″′-methoxyrhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside based on PMR and 13C NMR (DEPT, HSQC, HMBC) physicochemical methods.

It is well known from history that, in the history of the multi-ethnic people, national issues are of paramount importance. Since the first years of independence, the interest of our people in knowing their Motherland, its language, culture, values and history has increased. KEY WORDS: history, independence, capacity, council, committee, culture, developed people.

The article is devoted to the results of spectral analysis of effective flushing liquid with the use of lightweight polymeric reagent (LPR). On the basis of spectral research it is shown that the mechanism of ion exchange of particles of flushing liquid (replacement reaction) at replacement of mineral in the crystal lattice by cat ions of disperse medium is a permanent replacement of organic and inorganic cat ions of flushing liquid with rock particles and whole groups of dispersive medium. The results of the processes of addition of fluids and rock elements to the flushing liquid particles, as well as simultaneously occurring ion-exchange and none change processes determining the mechanisms of inhibition (reduction of hydrophilicity), stabilization and colloidal protection in flushing liquids are obtained.

The present article presents simulation results of a combined photovoltaic panel (PV) with natural flow single-channel thermal collector device (PV/T) for different thermal performance modes. The efficiencies of the PV/T and the same size photovoltaic panel are compared. Stress analysis was performed to realize the system’s limitation and resistibility to hydrostatic pressure. At different modes of operation, the photovoltaic efficiency was 6-15% higher for PV/T than for PV. The photovoltaic efficiency of PV/T was less influenced by insulation than that of PV, and combined thermal and photovoltaic efficiency was higher in insulated PV/T. Because of the hydrostatic pressure of water, the proposed design PV/T can use only limited existing PV panels which is a big disadvantage compared to other designs.

In this article we investigate influence of new polyphenol compound 1-О-galloyl-6-О-bisgalloyl-2,4-valenoyl-β-D-glucose, extracted from Euphorbia Himufuza (Wild.) plant, on functional parameters of mitochondria. It was shown that above mentioned new polyphenol compound has a positive effect to some functional parameters of mitochondria. For example, this compound inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, activates ATP-dependant potassium channel and has high antioxidant/antiradical activity. Improving of functional characteristics of mitochondria by polyphenol compounds, served as the basis for the hypothesis of a possible antihypoxic effect of 1-О-galloyl-6-О-bisgalloyl-2,4-valenoyl-β-D-glucose due to its low toxicity.

Taking into account that in Uzbekistan, great attention is being paid to the establishment of new gardens and vineyards, the expansion of the area of forests, the greening of roads and avenues, and the amount of pruning works will also increase. As a result, it is expected that the size of the branches formed because of their shaping and pruning will increase, and this bushy tree requires additional processing and consideration of the possibilities of their targeted use in order to prevent the accumulation of branches. In article it is analyzed the formed volumes of pruning trees, foreign experience in processing and using them. According to the analysis, it was revealed that in the coming years in the Republic the volume of cut branches of trees increases by 2 times and there is a need to use them as firewood with cutting them 100-400 mm long. Based on this, the development of an effective device for chopping cut tree branches in the required size in order to use them as firewood in areas is relevant.

The article examines in detail the development of lands in Central Fergana, the state of irrigation, reclamation and land mechanization in the region in 1953-1973. under the conditions of the cotton monopoly. In addition, on the basis of primary sources, the measures taken by the Soviet government to develop the irrigation system in the valley and their consequences were analyzed.

Article discusses transformation of verbal language into graphical communication in the internet. Several forms of current verbal communication, clarification of graphics and their semantic features are analyzed in this research. Modern types of graphic information are claimed as a prior means of communication.

This paper is devoted to the Obidjon Makhmudov articles` role inthe history of Turkestan at the end of 19th - in the beginning of XXth century. Articleprovides information about the large-scale reforms of the scientist as a publisher ofthe "Sadoyi Fergana" newspaper and a reformator.

Issues of social orientation and economic orientation have always been and remain among the priority areas of development. One of the main tools for solving social problems is housing construction and construction of social facilities. In addition, the need for housing is constantly growing due to positive changes in the structure of the population and its migration across the territory of the Russian Federation. Construction and modernization of social facilities refers to the most important task for the Russian Federation. Significant position at all stages of the property’s life cycle is determined by the state, and therefore the main source of funding for the implementation of this task is the budget allocations of the Federal budget. One of the problematic aspects of the construction process that affects the effectiveness of the entire project is the management and interaction of participants. The main solution to this difficulty is to apply information modeling methodology. In this regard, it is necessary to form and implement an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the process of coordinated work of all participants in social projects. As part of the creation of such a mechanism, a classifier of management and information interaction can act, which will allow all industry participants to most effectively determine how to solve the tasks and increase the effectiveness of the entire project. The article defines the main criteria for evaluating the proposed classifier. Among others, it is necessary to take a breakdown of management functions into subfunctions depending on the purpose of the social facilities, which in turn will allow the use of several models of management technologies, taking into account the configuration and type of social facility, based on a synopsis of information about the project.

It is more important to study multi-transition solar cells than single-transition solar cells. This is because spectral imbalances can be eliminated by creating multiple transitions. Heterogeneous transitions are the basis of many transitions. Therefore, heterogeneities have been studied in this study.