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ABSTRACT:The high Temperature (Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+) super conductors have been prepared using solid state reaction method .With different annealing temperature 8100C to 890 0C and two different hydraulic pressure 6 ton/cm2 to 9 ton/cm2 . It has been found that the optimum Tc has been obtained with pressure 8 ton / cm2 and 850 0C , So the critical temperature increased from 124 K to 130 K . The partial substitution effect of the Pb in Ti metal of the compound as Ti2- xPbxBa2Ca2Cu3O10+ has been investigated where x = 0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2,0.3 and 0.4 the critical temperature increased from 130 K to136 K due to increasing oxygen content and increasing C-axis by using X-ray diffraction .The study and examination of crystalline structure of samples by scanning electron microscopie completed with investigation the rate of elements in compound and the effect of annealing temperature with pressure in addition to partial substitution of elements of compound and determination the quantitative concentration rate of elements in the compound .

The earthquake triggered enormous landslides on 8th October 2005 in the various areas of Pakistan especially in Balakot Region. This research paper fulfilled the urge to develop alternative landslide planning based on the consideration of landslide preventing measures using GIS (Geographical Informaton Systems) techniques. This specific type of land use planning differs from traditional type of land use planning due to consideration of the probable hazard of landslide disaster by applying zonation methodology for finding the appropriate suitable areas for various development purposes. The various parameters e.g. elevation, slope angle, forest/ vegetations, faults, landslide zones, and rainfall were utilized as GIS data themes in the vector format. The different GIS techniques were used: (i) Clipping the data layers; (ii) Spatial analysis by converting the vector layers into raster format; (iii) Classification of data themes into certain classes; (iv) Overlaying the data themes and (v) Map calculation techniques through GIS standard software. This applied research has found that various different regions such as high suitable, moderate suitable, low suitable and unsuitable may be considered as preventive measures from the probable hazard of the landslide disaster in future for rehabilitation and redevelopment purpose which can save human lives, residential and commercial infrastructure in future. It is believed that the various predicted regions for preventing landslide hazards can be very beneficial to the decision makers for the redevelopment of the region in future.

The Meting-Jhimpir coalfield covers an area of about 90 square kilometers. The coal in the Meting- Jhimpir area was deposited in Early Eocene age, in the east of Karachi. The coal is enriched in Fe, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Sb, As, Co, Cd, Mn, Na, K, Ca and Mg. The study also shows that in Meting-Jhimpir coal quartz is dominant mineral and calcite and dolomite as accessory minerals. The comparison of studied coal with Clarke values shows that the coal is slightly enriched with Co, Cr, As, Ca, Mg, and U and Cu, K, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn are depleted.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been considered to play an important role in cardiovascular disorders. Several studies reported that genetic variation in ApoE locus influence plasma lipoprotein level. The objectives of this study was to compare the frequency of ApoE genotypes and alleles in some populations of Indonesia. One hundred and ninety five voluntarily unrelated apparently healthy individuals were recruited from Surabaya, Palu and Alor representing the western, middle and eastern populations of Indonesia, respectively. Blood samples were collected from each subject for DNA extraction. The common allelic variants of ApoE were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Three alleles i.e. ε2, ε3 and ε4 were identified and five genotypes i.e. ApoE ε2/ε2, ApoE ε2/ε3, ApoE ε3/ε3, ApoE ε2/ε4, ApoE ε3/ ε4 were found in three populations studied, while ApoE ε4/ε4 was absent in Surabaya, representing the western populations of Indonesia. The frequency of ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles in the western population were 0.208, 0.701 and 0.092 respectively; in the middle population were 0.242, 0.618 and 0.140 respectively and in the eastern population of Indonesia were 0.267, 0.466 and 0.267 respectively. The highest frequency of ε2 and ε4 allele was found in the eastern population of Indonesia. The distribution of ε2 allele were not significantly different among all Indonesian populations, but significantly different were found in ε3 and ε4 allele in the eastern population compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesian. It can be concluded that the frequency of three ApoE alleles in the western and middle populations of Indonesia was not significantly different however, significantly different was observed in the frequency of ApoE ε3 and ε4 alleles from the eastern compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesia.

The landslide susceptibility models require the appropriate and reliable terrain analytical based study of the landslides prone areas using SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data, based on certain GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and remote sensing techniques. This research paper focuses on the analysis of the terrain conditions of Balakot region. The analytical operations have been used in the different phases: (i) Extracting the study area from the large data; (ii) preparing it into grid format; (iii) developing contour lines with certain contour intervals (iv) Re-classification of it into required classes and (v) preparation of digital terrain model with its different required various supplementary models for analyzing the terrain conditions of the study area located in Mansehra district, north part of Pakistan where the great earthquake induced landslide disaster occurred in October 2005. This analytical study has notified the different sensitive issues concerning to the critical slope angles, variation in the elevation and the surface of study area. The various distinctions in the terrain phenomenon validate the occurred and probable landslides because the topography of such study area can predict the various probable landslide hazards, vulnerability and risk threats in the region again. This analytical study can be useful for the decisive authorities by becoming pro-active to rebuild the region to mitigate the expected losses from the natural disaster.

Reviewing Edmon Makarim’s book which is about Law Responsibility of the Electronic System Providers, remind us that easiness and availability of electronic system in electronic transaction in private or public happen because the role of electronic system providers. Behind the important and central role, there is big responsibility for electronic system providers. But because of wide of definition of provision of electronic system and so many people who involve in electronic system providers, there is a question in our mind, how is the shape of responsibility of the electronic system providers if the electronic system which is held is broken and / or not in operation as it has to and bring loss to users. Which one from the electronic system providers should take the responsibility in law?

The innovation of this research is the development of new model called fast moving landslide risk analysis model by modifying one of the previous prominent landslide risk algorithms focusing on the fast moving type of the landslides (such as mudslides, mud flows, block slide, rock fall and topple) based on the qualitative approach using Heuristic method in GIS (Geographical Information Systems). The different event controlling parameters and criteria were used for fast moving landslide predictive risk model. The pair wise comparison method was used in which the parameters of landslide hazard and vulnerability were compared by their assigned weights. The drawback of the used approach was justified by the standard value of consistency ratio, which proved the assigned weight of the parameters as reasonable and consistent. The model was validated by using the occurred landslides inventory data and correlation coefficient test, which showed the positive relationship between the landslide risk predicted regions and the occurred landslides locations. The various landslide events occurred on 8th October, 2005 were accumulated as landslide inventory by the interpretation of satellite imagery. The validation of the model was justified by using one of the statistical two paired, \"t\" test, and the amount of the predicted risk in the different regions. It is believed that this modified model will prove beneficial to the decision makers in future.

This study is considered part of the studies that concern with assessment of the growth rates for the agricultural product and productivity in the Arab states. The assessment of the product and productivity growth rates has been made in Iraq as well as the analysis of the effective factors on the product through aggregate production function. The results of the reports indicated that there are growth rates in the agricultural product and productivity. But through the compares on with the standard numbers of the average share of person from the agricultural product in the progressing countries and with that in Iraq, that comparison pointed out that the growth rates in Iraq are still low and below the desired level to achieve the agricultural development. The study has made some conclusions first dropping in the areas that are good for agriculture comparing with the total area. Second dropping in the planted crops in these areas and in sufficiency of growing rates' standards of product and productivity as to meet the shortage which is happening in the local exhibit. Finally dropping in the average share of the Iraqi person in agricultural product as compared with some other countries. So as to increase the unit area's productivity.

AbstractApolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been considered to play an important role in cardiovascular disorders.Several studies reported that genetic variation in ApoE locus influence plasma lipoprotein level. The objectivesof this study was to compare the frequency of ApoE genotypes and alleles in some populations of Indonesia.One hundred and ninety five voluntarily unrelated apparently healthy individuals were recruited fromSurabaya, Palu and Alor representing the western, middle and eastern populations of Indonesia, respectively.Blood samples were collected from each subject for DNA extraction. The common allelic variants of ApoE werescreened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Three allelesi.e. ε2, ε3 and ε4 were identified and five genotypes i.e. ApoE ε2/ε2, ApoE ε2/ε3, ApoE ε3/ε3, ApoE ε2/ε4, ApoE ε3/ε4 were found in three populations studied, while ApoE ε4/ε4 was absent in Surabaya, representing the westernpopulations of Indonesia. The frequency of ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles in the western population were 0.208, 0.701and 0.092 respectively; in the middle population were 0.242, 0.618 and 0.140 respectively and in the easternpopulation of Indonesia were 0.267, 0.466 and 0.267 respectively. The highest frequency of ε2 and ε4 allelewas found in the eastern population of Indonesia. The distribution of ε2 allele were not significantly differentamong all Indonesian populations, but significantly different were found in ε3 and ε4 allele in the easternpopulation compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesian. It can be concluded thatthe frequency of three ApoE alleles in the western and middle populations of Indonesia was not significantlydifferent however, significantly different was observed in the frequency of ApoE ε3 and ε4 alleles from theeastern compared to those in the western and middle populations of Indonesia.Keywords : Apolipoprotein E; genotypes; allele frequency; populations of Indonesia

Allelic variation of apolipoprotein E (apo E) has been shown to infl uence the concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and considered to play a role as one of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Apo E polymorphism and the risk of CHD. Blood samples were collected from 33 CHD patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, and 38 apparently healthy control individuals in a cross sectional study. The common allelic variants of ApoE were screened employing polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results obtained were analyzed by t-test and signifi cantly different if p risk factor for CHD. By controlling lipid profi le and applying multifactorial statistic analysis, it was shown that ε4 gene carrier was the risk factor for CHD, but not in triglyceride level, whereas ε2 carrier gene was not the risk factor for CHD. Dislipidemia was the risk factor for CHD and ApoE ε4 gene carrier was the risk factor for CHD.Key words: apolipoprotein E, ApoE ε4 gene carrier, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia.

The bone defect due to tooth extraction contributes the most cases reported in the aspects of oral surgery. The defect can be preventively managed by adding powder bone matrix intended for augmentation which eventually induces the formation of new bones. This hard tissue wound healing is preceded by the presence of collagen fibers. The aim of this study was to determine the density of collagen fiber in the alveolus mandibular bone of rabbit which was augmented using powder demineralized bone matrix (DBM) post incisivus extraction. Twenty four male rabbits aged 2.5–3 months weighed 900–1,100 grams were randomly divided into two groups. The treated rabbits were augmented with DBM after the incisivus extraction on mandible. The mucosa was then sutured. On the other hand, the controlled rabbits received similar treatments with those of the treated rabbits except there was no augmentation of DBM. Decapitation of treated and controlled rabbits was made on day 5, 7, 10, and 14 days post surgery, each with three rabbits. Mandibles were cut, decalcified, and imbedded in paraffin block. The staining was done using Mallory. Significant differences in the density of collagen were noted on day 10 and 14 post surgery, indicating that powder demineralized bone matrix successfully induced the stimulation of collagen.

This study was made depending on field experiment data done at the college of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul. The experiment was concerned with breeding local red turkey cocks where three types of different compositions fodders, were given to these birds. Through statistical and economic analysis it was shown that the optimum age of marketing and selling local red turkey cock is the 17th week where the weight of each bird 2.193 kg. At this weight the net profit is (1807,700) dinar which is the greatest profit that could be attain under the current price and the fodder cost.

The study compared the fodder provided by the Ministry of Agriculture with the fodder extracted by using linear program method. Analysis results showed that the cost of fodder provided by the Ministry of Agriculture does not provide the minimum requirements for feeding birds. The primary and final fodder extracted by linear programming provide all the nutritional requirements. Thus, the two kinds of fodder extracted by linear programming is the best for feeding birds as they are full of protein, energy, lycine, calcium, phosphorus and this is reflected on birds growth and their marketing availability in a less breeding period that Ministry of Agriculture fodder.

This paper will focus on the study and identifying various threshold values for two commonly used edge detection techniques, which are Sobel and Canny Edge detection. The idea is to determine which values are apt in giving accurate results in identifying a particular leukemic cell. In addition, evaluating suitability of edge detectors are also essential as feature extraction of the cell depends greatly on image segmentation (edge detection). Firstly, an image of M7 subtype of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML) is chosen due to its diagnosing which were found lacking. Next, for an enhancement in image quality, noise filters are applied. Hence, by comparing images with no filter, median and average filter, useful information can be acquired. Each threshold value is fixed with value 0, 0.25 and 0.5. From the investigation found, without any filter, Canny with a threshold value of 0.5 yields the best result.

Ostrom's design principles have been widely recognized in sustaining commons governance. However, studies focusing on the assessment of the design principles in land governance are limited, especially in Africa. Focusing on Ghana, this study examines the fit of the local land governance structure with the design principles, using four case study areas with operational Land Management Committees (LMCs). Through in-depth interviews with local land governance stakeholders, the findings show that the existing legal and institutional frameworks for land governance in Ghana fit the Ostrom design principles. However, operational challenges such as undocumented customary land boundaries, absence of graduated sanctions, restricted proportional equivalence, and collective choice in some areas, as well as limited platforms for horizontal cooperation among the LMCs, threaten the sustainability of some land management regimes. The strong social capital in the study areas makes the existing weak sanctioning regime imperceptible. We argue that land as a common property resource when managed within the framework of the Ostrom design principles could enhance sustainability of both the management regimes and the resource system., Author(s): Abdul-Salam Ibrahim [sup.1] , Mohammed Abubakari [sup.2] , Thembela Kepe [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/03dbr7087, grid.17063.33, 0000 0001 2157 2938, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, [...]

Phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has a key role in cellular functions contributing to the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. We and others have previously demonstrated that RTK ROR1 is overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Silencing siRNA downregulated ROR1 and induced apoptosis of CLL cells. In the present study we analysed ROR1 isoforms and the phosphorylation pattern in CLL cells (n=38) applying western blot and flow-cytometry using anti-ROR1 antibodies and an anti-phospho-ROR1 antibody against the TK domain. Two major ROR1 bands with the size of 105 and 130 kDa respectively were identified, presumably representing unglycosylated (immature) and glycosylated (mature) ROR1 respectively as well as a 260 kDa band which may represent dimerized ROR1. A ROR1 band of 64 kDa that may correspond to a C-terminal fragment was also noted, present only in the nucleus. The 105 kDa ROR1 isoform was more frequently expressed in non-progressive as compared to progressive CLL patients (p=0.03). The 64, 105, 130 and 260 kDa bands were constitutively phosphorylated both at tyrosine and serine residues. Phosphorylation intensity of the mature (130 kDa) isoform was significantly higher in progressive than in non-progressive disease (p

مفهوم الاستزراع السمكي ينصب على تربية الأسماك في ظل ظروف خاصة تمكن الإنسان من التحكم والسيطرة على عمليات التربية متضمنة نوعية المياه والتغذية ، والوقاية من الأمراض وذلك منذ تخزين الزريعة وحتي حصاد المحصول ، وتختلف نظم التربية بحسب نوعية المياه (عذبه – مالحه- شروب) وبحسب معدل تكثيف الأسماك المرباه (مكثفه أو شبه مكثفه ). و تهدف الدراسة إلى استعراض موارد وأوضاع الإنتاج والاستهلاك السمكي على مستوى العالم وفي الجماهيرية وتناولت الدراسة تطور الإنتاج السمكي العالمي والليبي, وتطور الأستهلاك ونصيب الفرد بشكل عام مع التركيز على الاستزراع السمكى ودوره في الأمن الغذائى, حيث أن الحفاظ على مستوي استهلاك الفرد الحالي من الأسماك 16 كجم سنوياً على المستوي العالمي يحتاج إلى زيادة الإنتاج من الاستزراع السمكي إلى نحو 80 مليون طن ويعتبر الإنتاج السمكي الحالي في الجماهيرية والذي يصل إلى نحو 33.6 الف طن من المصايد الطبيعي ونحو 380 طن من الاستزراع السمكي منخفض جداً حيث يجب زيادة الإنتاج منها لتغطية الطلب المحلى وزيادة الصادرات السمكية . وقد أشارت الدراسة إلى أن الإنتاج العالمى من الأسماك من المصادر المختلفة زاد من نحو 118.2 مليون طن عام 1998 إلى نحو 141.6 مليون طن عام 2005 وقد ساهم الإنتاج من المياه الداخلية بنحو 38.5 مليون طن تمثل 27.2% من الإنتاج السمكى العالمي عام 2005 بينما بلغ الإنتاج السمكى من المياه البحرية 153.1 مليون طن تمثل نحو 72.8%من الإنتاج السمكى العالمي لعام 2005 . ويبلغ الإنتاج العالمي من تربية الأحياء المائية نحو 45.5 مليون طن عام 2004 ,تنتج الصين نحو 67.2%من الإنتاج العالمي يليها الهند بنسبة 5.5% ثم فيتنام بنحو 2.6% ثم تايلاند بنسبة 2.6% واندونيسيا وبنغلاديش واليابان بنحو 2.3%،2%،1.7% على الترتيب ثم شيلي والنرويج والولايات المتحدة بنحو 1.%،1.4%،1.3%على الترتيب . من الإنتاج العالمي من تربية الإحياء المائية عام 2004 .ينمو نشاط تربية الأحياء المائية بدرجة أسرع من قطاعات الغذاء الاخرى. وتشير إحد التقارير الدولية إلى أن متوسط معدل النمو السنوي في الإنتاج من تربية الأحياء المائية منذ عام 1970-2004 قد بلغ نحو 8.8% بينما لم يتجاوز معدل النمو السنوي في الإنتاج من المصايد الطبيعية حوالي 1.2% سنوياً خلال نفس الفترة إلا أن الإنتاج من تربية الأحياء المائية قد تزايد من نحو 20.6 مليون طن عام 1998 إلى 47.8 مليون طن عام 2005، كما تشير معادلة الاتجاه الزمني العام لمجموع الإنتاج من تربية الأحياء المائية في العالم إلى أن الإنتاج السمكى منها قد زاد بمعدل سنوي بلغ نحو 6.2% سنوياً خلال الفترة 1998-2005. تربي الأحياء المائية في بيئات مختلفة فمنها مايربي في المياه العذبة أو المياه المالحة أو المياه الضاربة في الملوحة " الشروب" ومازالت بيئة المياه العذبة تنتج معظم إنتاج الأحياء المائية من الأسماك والقشريات والرخويات حيث يمثل الإنتاج منها عام 2004 نحو 56.6% من الإنتاج العالمي من حيث الكمية و50.1% من حيث القيمة . أما تربية الأحياء المائية في المياه البحرية فتساهم بنحو 36% من كمية الإنتاج العالمي ونحو 23.6%من حيث القيمة . أما المياه الضاربة للملوحة فيمثل الإنتاج منها حوالي 7.4% من الإنتاج العالمي ويساهم بنحو 16.3% من قيمة الإنتاج العالمي من الإحياء المائية . كما تؤدى تربية الأحياء المائية " الأستزراع " دوراً رئيسياً في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي في العديد من الدول النامية لاسيما بفضل الإنتاج الكبير لبعض أنواع المياه العذبة المنخفضة القيمة والموجهة أساساً إلى الأستهلاك المحلي . و تطل الأراضى الليبية على البحر الأبيض المتوسط حيث يبلغ طول الساحل الليبي حوالي 1900كم من رأس جدير غرباً إلى رأس الرملة شرقاً ويعتبر البحر المتوسط من الأحواض البحرية الفقيرة في الإنتاج السمكى ولايتجاوز الإنتاج السمكى منه نسبة 2% من المصيد البحرى العالمى وتفتقر مياه البحر الأبيض المتوسط إلى الموارد الغذائية لندرة الأنهار التي تجلب هذه الموارد اضافة إلى ضعف التيارات البحرية خاصة عند السواحل الجنوبية والشرقية ومنها الساحل الليبي و.يعتبر الاستزراع المائي حديث العهد في الجماهيرية الليبية فقد بدأ عام 1970 مسيحي باستزراع بعض اصناف اسماك المياه العذبه ولكن نظرا لقلة مصادر المياه العذبة من أنهار وبحيرات ومياه جوفية تم العمل على المزارع متوسطة الكثافة لعدد من انواع اسماك المبروك المستوردة من الصين وصنفوها مبروك الحشائش والمبروك الذهبي ذو الرأس الكبيره وعدد من أنواع القراميط . الانتاج يبلغ مابين 30-40 طن حتي نهاية 1990 عندما تم بناء المزارع الجديدة وكانت الاسماك هي القاروص والدنيس وبعض الاصبعيات من هذه الانواع السابقة ، ولكن في عام 2004 تم زيادة الانتاج لحوالي 230 طن . وتوصى الدراسة بالتركيز على الأستثمار في مجال الصيد البحرى بالمشاركة مع الدول ذات الخبرات في هذا المجال كما ان الجماهيرية الليبية تمتلك امكانيات ساحلية ومالية يمكن أن تجعلها من الدول الهامة في مجال إنتاج الاسماك المستزرعة ولذلك يجب الاهتمام بتنمية وتطوير هذا النشاط ونقل الخبرات وزيادة الإنتاج من أجل الاستهلاك والتصدير,وتنمية ودفع القطاع الاهلى للأستثمار في الاستزراع السمكى اضافة الى تحسين وتطوير اسطول الصيد ودراسة الأوضاع البيولوجية والإنتاجية للمصيد البحرى.

The purpose of this study was to define the status of using internet by physical education students and their attitudes toward it with respect to their university gender experiences and academic level. The sample consisted of 478 male and female students from all faculties of physical education at four Jordan Universities during the first semester of 2004/2005. The results showed that the highest percentage of students using the internet were at Jordan , Yarmook, Hashemia, and Mouta Universities, respectively. The results of data analysis of students' attitudes indicated that there were significant differences among students' attitudes in four universities (except between Jordan and Yarmook Universities). However, no significant differences were found between female and male students and among the four students academic levels. The results also indicated that students with higher computer experiences scored significantly higher in students' attitudes.

Background: The use of tobacco in any form by human being has proved to be a health hazard and its harmful effects on human health cannot be ignored. Smoking is the largest single preventable cause of ill health in the world, affecting smokers and non-smokers through pollution of the environment. We decided to know the pattern of tobacco smoking and their harmful effects in the residents of Haripur. Material & Methods: The study was carried out on 3200 subjects residing in different localities of Haripur. A questionnaire regarding their personal and specific information about smoking was filled individually. They were also asked about the common harmful effects of smoking. The results were compiled and analyzed. Results: Out of the 3200 study population, 1460 (45.63%) were found to be smokers. Some persons also used huka and cigar. Six hundred and twenty (42.46 %) smokers were smoking just for company while 456 (31.23 %) for anxiety and remaining 384 (26.30 %) only casually. Twenty to forty cigarettes of different brands per day were used. They were consuming money for cigarette smoking in the range of Pakistani Rupees 300-2000 per month. Among smokers, 855 (58.56 %) complained of nocturnal cough, 270 (18.49 %) during day and 335 (22.95 %) at both the times. Five hundred & eleven smokers (35 %) complained of sputum, while 116 subjects (7.94 %) haemoptysis. One hundred and nine smokers (7.46 %) reported symptoms or diagnosis of ischeamic heart disease. Eighty-eight (6.02 %) smokers smoked during fasting of Holy month of Ramazan. Eight hundred and seventy five smokers (59.93 %) do not hesitate to smoke at public places. Conclusion: Smoking is quite common in Haripur. Smokers should quit smoking to avoid financial losses and harmful physical effects.