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A simple scheme to implement class AB low-voltage fully differential amplifiers that do not require an output common-mode feedback network (CMFN) is introduced. It has a rail to rail output signal swing and high rejection of common-mode input signals. It operates in strong inversion with &plusmn, 300 mV supplies in a 180 nm CMOS process. It uses an auxiliary amplifier that minimizes supply requirements by setting the op-amp input terminals very close to one of the rails and also serves as a common-mode feedback network to generate complementary output signals. The scheme is verified with simulation results of an amplifier that consumes 25 &micro, W, has a gain-bandwidth product (GBW) of 16.1 MHz, slew rate (SR) of 8.4 V/&micro, s, the small signal figure of merit (FOMSS) of 6.49 MHz*pF/&micro, W, the large signal figure of merit (FOMLS) of 3.39 V/&micro, s*pF/&micro, W, and current efficiency (CE) of 2.03 in strong inversion, with a 10 pF load capacitance.

Monitoring volcanic unrest and understanding seismic and acoustic signals associated with eruptive activity is key to mitigate its impacts on population and infrastructure. On June 3, 2018, Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala, produced a violent eruption with very little warning. The paroxysmal phase of this event generated pyroclastic density currents (PDC) that impacted nearby settlements resulting in 169 fatalities, 256 missing, and nearly 13,000 permanently displaced from their homes. Since then, Volcan de Fuego has been instrumented with an extensive network of seismic and infrasound sensors. Infrasound is a new monitoring tool in Guatemala. A key step toward its effective use in volcano monitoring at Volcan de Fuego is establishing a baseline for the interpretation of the recorded signals. Here, we present the first comprehensive characterization of acoustic signals at Volcan de Fuego for the whole range of surface activity observed at the volcano. We use data collected during temporary deployments in 2018 and from the permanent infrasound network. Infrasound at Fuego is dominated by the occurrence of short-duration acoustic transients linked to both ash-rich and gas-rich explosions, at times associated with the generation of shock waves. The rich acoustic record at Fuego includes broadband and harmonic tremor, and episodes of chugging. We explore the occurrence of these signals in relation to visual observations of surface activity, and we investigate their source mechanisms within the shallow conduit system. This study provides a reference for the interpretation of acoustic signals at Volcan de Fuego and a baseline for real-time monitoring of its eruptive activity using infrasound data. Our results suggest that changes in the style of activity and morphology of the summit crater are reflected in the acoustic signature of eruption; as such our study provides a reference for the interpretation of acoustic signals at Volcan de Fuego and a baseline for real-time monitoring of its eruptive activity using infrasound.

This paper presents the experimental evaluation of a Differential Pair with Active Loads (DPAL), designed and fabricated with a 0.5 μm CMOS process, when operated at a bias current of 1 nA and a power supply of 1 V. The objective is to verify that this circuit can properly perform analog functions while dissipating 1 nW. Therefore, experimental measurements that demonstrate its functionality, power dissipation and leakage currents are presented; the results indicate that it is possible to implement extreme low power analog circuits with this process.

Physical review letters 125(14), 141801 (1-11) (2020). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.141801, The results of a 3+1 sterile neutrino search using eight years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are presented. A total of 305 735 muon neutrino events are analyzed in reconstructed energy-zenith space to test for signatures of a matter-enhanced oscillation that would occur given a sterile neutrino state with a mass-squared differences between 0.01 and 100 eV$^2$. The best-fit point is found to be at sin$^2$($2θ_{24}$)=0.10 and $Δm_{41}^2$=4.5 eV$^2$, which is consistent with the no sterile neutrino hypothesis with a $p$ value of 8.0%., Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Breast tissue undergoes a series of changes from birth to puberty. The majority of the changes are transient, related to physiological hormonal changes. Although the breast is identical in both sexes at birth, its histology and development will eventually differ. It is important for radiologists to have a basic understanding of endocrinological changes and appearance on imaging to avoid potential pitfalls, particularly on ultrasound, which is the primary modality used to evaluate the breast.

Lymphatic mapping with indocyanine-green (ICG) and near-infrared light fluorescent imaging is widely used for sentinel lymph node staging in different types of cancer but is not fully accepted for all procedures because studies have reported heterogeneous results. This study aimed to assess the detection rate (DR) of ICG imaging for sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) and lymph node metastases (LNMs) in esophageal cancer. A systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies examining the use of ICG imaging for SLNM in patients with esophageal cancer. Extracted results were pooled in a single-proportion meta-analysis, with a random-effects model, presented as forest plots. Six studies were included in the analysis. The ICG DR for SLNM was 89% [95% confidence interval (CI) 71%–96%]. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values for the detection of LNMs were 84% (95% CI 64%–94%) and 15% (95% CI 3%–45%), respectively. A trend towards a lower DR was found with increasing mean latency time between ICG injection and SLNM. ICG imaging is a technique that potentially could improve lymph node yield excision and, as a consequence, improve the detection of lymph node metastases.

The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to $\gamma$-ray wavelengths has provided a wealth of information about the universe. However, at PeV (10$^{15}$ eV) energies and above, most of the universe is impenetrable to photons. New messengers, namely cosmic neutrinos, are needed to explore the most extreme environments of the universe where black holes, neutron stars, and stellar explosions transform gravitational energy into non-thermal cosmic rays. The discovery of cosmic neutrinos with IceCube has opened this new window on the universe. In this white paper, we present an overview of a next-generation instrument, IceCube-Gen2, which will sharpen our understanding of the processes and environments that govern the universe at the highest energies. IceCube-Gen2 is designed to: 1) Resolve the high-energy neutrino sky from TeV to EeV energies; 2) Investigate cosmic particle acceleration through multi-messenger observations; 3) Reveal the sources and propagation of the highest energy particles in the universe; 4) Probe fundamental physics with high-energy neutrinos. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the annual rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by a factor of ten compared to IceCube, and will be able to detect sources five times fainter than its predecessor. Furthermore, through the addition of a radio array, IceCube-Gen2 will extend the energy range by several orders of magnitude compared to IceCube. Construction will take 8 years and cost about \$350M. The goal is to have IceCube-Gen2 fully operational by 2033. IceCube-Gen2 will play an essential role in shaping the new era of multi-messenger astronomy, fundamentally advancing our knowledge of the high-energy universe. This challenging mission can be fully addressed only in concert with the new survey instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum and gravitational wave detectors which will be available in the coming years., Comment: 56 pages, 29 figures

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are the main gamma-ray emitters in the Galactic plane. They are diffuse nebulae that emit nonthermal radiation. Pulsar winds, relativistic magnetized outflows from the central star, shocked in the ambient medium produce a multiwavelength emission from the radio through gamma-rays. Although the leptonic scenario is able to explain most PWNe emission, a hadronic contribution cannot be excluded. A possible hadronic contribution to the high-energy gamma-ray emission inevitably leads to the production of neutrinos. Using 9.5 yr of all-sky IceCube data, we report results from a stacking analysis to search for neutrino emission from 35 PWNe that are high-energy gamma-ray emitters. In the absence of any significant correlation, we set upper limits on the total neutrino emission from those PWNe and constraints on hadronic spectral components., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Long-term eruptive activity at the Santiaguito lava dome complex, Guatemala, is characterised by the regular occurrence of small-to-moderate size explosions from the active Caliente dome. Between November 2014 and December 2018, we deployed a seismo-acoustic network at the volcano, which recorded several changes in the style of eruption, including a period of elevated explosive activity in 2016. Here, we use a new catalogue of explosions to characterise changes in the eruptive regime during the study period. We identify four different phases of activity based on changes in the frequency and magnitude of explosions. At the two ends of the spectrum of repose times we find pairs of explosions with near-identical seismic and acoustic waveforms, recorded within 1–10 min of one another, and larger explosions with recurrence times on the order of days to weeks. The magnitude-frequency relationship for explosions at Santiaguito is well described by a power-law; we show that changes in b-value between eruptive regimes reflect temporal and spatial changes in rupture mechanisms, likely controlled by variable magma properties. We also demonstrate that the distribution of inter-explosion repose times between and within phases is well represented by a Poissonian process. The Poissonian distribution describing repose times changes between and within phases as the source dynamics evolve. We find that changes in source properties restrict the extrapolation of explosive behaviour to within a given eruptive phase, limiting the potential for long-term assessments of anticipated eruptive behaviour at Santiaguito.

El presente libro, hace referencia a los diversos elementos teóricos que respaldan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se desarrolla en las universidades latinoamericanas; consideradas instituciones de Educación Superior acreditadas para el perfeccionamiento de una cultura general integral en los individuos de un país, a través del adelanto de los procesos sustantivos: académico, investigativo-laboral y extensionistas.

SD and LZ acknowledge the support from the EUROVOLC project under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 731070). The authors thank the staff of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Catania, in particular Salvo Rapisarda, Daniele Pellegrino, Mario Pulvirenti, and Danilo Contrafatto for their valuable support in the field., The injection of gas and pyroclastic material from volcanic vents into the atmosphere is a prolific source of acoustic waves. Infrasound arrays offer efficient, cost-effective, and near real-time solutions to track the rate and intensity of surface activity at volcanoes. Here, we present a simple framework for the analysis of acoustic array data, based on least-squares beamforming, that allows to evaluate the direction and speed of propagation of acoustic waves between source and array. The algorithms include a new and computationally efficient approach for quantitative assessment of the uncertainty on array measurements based on error propagation theory. We apply the algorithms to new data collected by two 6-element infrasound arrays deployed at Mt. Etna during the period July–August 2019. Our results demonstrate that the use of two infrasound arrays allowed detecting and tracking acoustic sources from multiple craters and active vents associated with degassing and ash-rich explosions, vigorous and frequent Strombolian activity, opening of new eruptive fractures and emplacement of lava flows. Finally, we discuss the potential use of metrics based on infrasound array analyses to inform eruption monitoring operations and early warning at volcanoes characterized by episodic intensification of activity., NERC Natural Environment Research Council NE/P00105X/1, European Union (EU), Geoscientists without Borders grant from the Society of Exploration Geophysics

Introduction Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is a condition with variable phenotype in terms of age of presentation, severity, and possible resolution. ADHR is caused by mutations of FGF23, preventing its cleavage, producing high levels of FGF23, which leads to renal phosphate wasting. Studies in mice and adult humans, have shown a correlation between low iron levels and increased FGF23 levels. To our knowledge, three pediatric patients with ADHR resolved with iron supplementation have been reported in the literature. Clinical case We report on identical twins born at 28 weeks and 5 days by cesarean section due to premature rupture of membranes with complicated pregnancy due to twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Birth weights were 780 grams (2nd percentile) for twin A, 1,200 grams (50th percentile) for twin B. Hypophosphatemia was documented starting at 2 weeks of life and during the first 6 of months of life, with phosphorus levels between 2.9-3.9 mg/dL for twin A and between 2.4-5.1 mg/dL for twin B. During their NICU admission phosphorus had a positive relationship with the hemoglobin level, which was more severe on twin A. Both were treated with calcitriol and a low dose of phosphorus starting on their 2nd month of life. At 6 months of age, both had persistent hypophosphatemia, more prominently in twin A (2.7mg/dL) with high alkaline phosphatase (1,209 IU/L) and high FGF23 (343 RU/dL). At that time his hemoglobin was 9.8 g/dL and his hematocrit was 29.5%. Both were started on Polyvisol with iron. At 14 months of life phosphorus and calcium were within normal limits, therefore calcitriol and phosphate were discontinued. At 15 months of age their hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron level, and TIBC levels were normal for both twins. Phosphorus was 4.6 and 4.3 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase reduced significantly to 819 and 413IU/L, and FGF23 normalized to 100 RU/dL and 32 RU/dL on twin A and B respectively. Upon physical examination at 15 months of age, twin A was at the 0.02% for length and weight/length at the 31%; twin B was at the 5% for length and weight/length at the 50%. Both twins had high arched palates. Twin A had craniosynostosis, left renal agenesis, bilateral epicanthal folds, overlapping 2nd toes, and clinodactyly of the fifth digits. Note the donor kid (twin A) had a more severe presentation. Genetic testing showed heterozygous mutation c536G>a (p.Arg179GLN) in the FGF23 gene. This is the same mutation previously reported to be related with ADHR resolved with iron supplementation Conclusion The study of patients with hypophosphatemia and hypophosphaturia should include evaluation of iron status (ferritin, TIBC). Treating iron deficiency on these patients might normalize phosphate levels. This would avoid cumbersome treatment with phosphate and calcitriol. Laboratory values Phosphorus:4-8 mg/dL Alkaline Phosphatase: 130-317 IU/L FGF23: 44-215 RU/dL

Background: Hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia. It results from different genetic defects, the most common being recessive and dominant mutations in the ABCC8/KCNJ11 genes. The majority of recessive mutations have a poor response to Diazoxide, while dominant mutations are highly variable in both clinical presentation and response to treatment. Prompt recognition and management is critical to avoid irreversible brain damage. Clinical case: A 38-week gestation male, born via emergent c-section due to decreased fetal movement, presented with neonatal hypoglycemia. Pregnancy was uncomplicated and mother had a normal OGTT. Patient had a history of suspected sepsis, seizures, pulmonary hypertension and respiratory distress requiring intubation. Blood glucose was undetectable at birth and required multiple dextrose 10% boluses. A critical sample with a glucose of 47 mg/dL showed an elevated insulin at 30.3 m IU/mL with undetectable ketone levels. Lactic acid, ammonia, cortisol, GH, plasma amino acids, acylcarnitine profile and uric organic acids where all normal for a hypoglycemic state. He required intravenous glucose infusion with GIR up to 17 mg/kg/min to maintain normoglycemia. A brain MRI at 11 days of life showed findings of white matter injury. Subsequent genetic testing identified a heterozygous c.4051G>A (p.Val1351Met) variant in ABCC8, classified as “of uncertain significance”. However, an entry in the ClinVar database (RCV000714711.1) exists from a research lab and was classified as likely pathogenic. Analysis of parental samples showed that the mother was heterozygous for the same genetic variant. She did not have a history of hypoglycemia. Patient was started on diazoxide (8 mg/kg/day) and chlorothiazide with resolution of hypoglycemia. At a follow up visit at 5 months of age, there was no history of hypoglycemia, and no need for adjustments of the diazoxide dose by weight (dose at that time of 7.4 mg/kg/day). Conclusion: The ABCC8 reported here is a dominant mutation causing hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia responsive to diazoxide with a milder phenotype later in infancy. Longitudinal follow up of the case is warranted to understand the long term progress in patients with this particular mutation. Reference: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, et al. None. 1993. Familial hyperinsulinism.

In times of crisis, citizens’ support for democracy can depend on how well they think their democracy can address that crisis compared to authoritarian alternatives. Mexico is in the midst of just such a crisis, as its war on drug trafficking organisations has brought an unprecedented rise in violence and, in some areas, posed a direct challenge to the state’s capacity to govern. At the same time, its subnational political landscape ranges from vibrant, multi-party states to those with continued connections to a dominant one-party past. We leverage these variations in subnational political context and levels of drug-related violence to examine how the subnational political context mediates the relationship between a crisis and support for non-democratic alternatives. When faced with a violent shock to the system, public attitudes towards democracy depend in part on one’s experiences with non-democratic alternatives and whether these authoritarian options appear to solve the crisis at hand more effectively.

Background: There is limited scientific literature regarding gender non-conforming (GNC) youth in pediatric practice. GNC patients of all ages have an increased risk for psychiatric co-morbidities and suicidal risk. An increasing number of GNC youth are seeking therapeutic options to develop physical characteristics to match their gender identity. The study aim is to describe the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities and sexual orientation among GNC pediatric patients in a clinic-based setting in Miami, Florida. A secondary aim is to compare the grade of dysphoria before and after therapeutic interventions among GNC youth. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review on records from 2014–2019 among transgender adolescents attending a pediatric endocrinology clinic in Miami. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records. We performed descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS version and reported frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 158 patients were included in this analysis. There were 107 (67.7%) affirmed males (female to male), 47 (29.7%) affirmed females (male to female), and 4 (2.5%) considered themselves non-binary. Median age at onset of gender dysphoria symptoms and beginning of social affirmation was earlier in affirmed females (7.21 and 12.36 years vs. 9.65 and 13.50 years). Among affirmed males, sexual orientation was self-reported as 38% straight, 47% bisexual, 12% homosexual and 1% asexual vs. among affirmed females, whose sexual orientation was reported as 54.3% straight, 37.1% bisexual and 8.6% homosexual. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities in our study population was 78.5%. Depression was the most frequent diagnosis (66.5%), followed by anxiety (33.5%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (10.1%), bipolar disorder (1.9%), bulimia (1.3%), anorexia nervosa (0.6%) and post traumatic stress disorder (0.6%). Psychiatric co-morbidities were more common among affirmed males (84.1% vs. 66%). History of suicidal ideation was more common among affirmed males (70.1%) than affirmed females (49%). Self-injuring (cutting) was more common among affirmed males (56.1%) than in affirmed females (25.5%). Mean age at hormonal treatment onset was similar in both groups (15.75 years in affirmed males vs. 15.58 years in affirmed females). The degree of gender dysphoria before and after starting hormonal treatment, reported on a scale of 0 (no dysphoria) to 10 (highest possible dysphoria), declined for both genders (8.08/10 and 3.99/10) and affirmed females (7.87/10 and 2.96/10). Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities, suicidal ideation, and self-injuring behavior is high among GNC youth, but in this population, significantly worse among affirmed males. Both groups had significant improvement in the degree of dysphoria after beginning hormonal treatment.

In this paper we present the methodology to build a vision-based wearable system that assists blind people in navigation tasks in unknown indoor environments. The proposed system detects walkable space, obstacles and objects of interest such as doors, chairs, staircases, computers, among others, and plans a path that allows the user to reach the objectives in a safe way (purposeful navigation). The system consists of six modules: for floor segmentation, for building an occupancy grid, for obstacle avoidance, for detecting objects of interest, for path planning and for haptic feedback to the user. Considering the big amount of data that a stereo camera delivers, the fact that the person is moving in a highly dynamic environment and the need of providing immediate feedback to the user, we defined two constraints: 1. Depth and color data must be processed at real time, in a general purpose graphics processing unit GPGPU. 2. Images must be processed in a wearable computer, it means, in a light and small processing device. Moreover, we defined trade-offs between sensing, computation and system usability that allow the system fulfill these requirements appropriately. The partial results in floor segmentation and in building the occupancy 2D grid encourage us to follow developing and improving the constituent modules.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 National Cancer Institute National Institute of Mental Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Fogarty International Center Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research Medical Research Council Background Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014. Methods We did a pooled analysis of population-based studies with data on anthropometric measurements, biomarkers for diabetes, and blood pressure from adults aged 18 years or older. A Bayesian model was used to estimate trends in BMI, raised blood pressure (systolic blood pressure =140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure =90 mm Hg), and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose =7.0 mmol/L, history of diabetes, or diabetes treatment) from 1980 to 2014, in 37 countries and six subregions of the Americas. Findings 389 population-based surveys from the Americas were available. Comparing prevalence estimates from 2014 with those of 1980, in the non-English speaking Caribbean subregion, the prevalence of obesity increased from 3.9% (95% CI 2.2-6.3) in 1980, to 18.6% (14.3-23.3) in 2014, in men; and from 12.2% (8.2-17.0) in 1980, to 30.5% (25.7-35.5) in 2014, in women. The English-speaking Caribbean subregion had the largest increase in the prevalence of diabetes, from 5.2% (2.1-10.4) in men and 6.4% (2.6-10.4) in women in 1980, to 11.1% (6.4-17.3) in men and 13.6% (8.2-21.0) in women in 2014). Conversely, the prevalence of raised blood pressure has decreased in all subregions; the largest decrease was found in North America from 27.6% (22.3-33.2) in men and 19.9% (15.8-24.4) in women in 1980, to 15.5% (11.1-20.9) in men and 10.7% (7.7-14.5) in women in 2014. Interpretation Despite the generally high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors across the Americas, estimates also showed a high level of heterogeneity in the transition between countries. The increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes observed over time requires appropriate measures to deal with these public health challenges. Our results support a diversification of health interventions across subregions and countries. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Imperial College London Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile University of the West Indies University of Sao Paulo Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System University of Kent Cleveland Clinic Yale University Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Universidad de Cuenca Federal University of Pelotas Pan American Health Organization University of Pernambuco Dalhousie University Federal University of Maranhao CAFAM University Foundation University Medical Science Universidad de la Republica Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas University of Amsterdam Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina University of Montreal Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos National Council of Scientific and Technical Research Ministry of Health Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica Federal University of Sao Paulo Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do sul McGill University Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology and Microbiology Universidad Icesi State University of Montes Claros King's College London Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy National Institute of Public Health Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga Kingston General Hospital Heart Institute Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander Simon Fraser University Institute of Tropical Medicine Ministerio de Salud Publica Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health West Virginia University Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Emory University Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies Statistics Canada Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health University of Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus University of Wisconsin-Madison Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health Universidade Nove de Julho Public Health Agency of Canada Universidad Industrial de Santander National Institute of Health University of Sao Paulo Clinics Hospital Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Federal University of Santa Catarina Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado Epidemiology and Microbiology Institute Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais World Health Organization Middlesex University Universidade Estadual Paulista National Cancer Institute: 1P20CA217231 National Institute of Mental Health: 1U19MH098780 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 1UM1HL134590 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: 5U01HL114180 Fogarty International Center: D71TW010877 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: HHSN268200900033C Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research: HQHSR1206660 Medical Research Council: MR/P008984/1 Medical Research Council: MR/P02386X/1 Medical Research Council: MR/P024408/1 Fogarty International Center: R21TW009982

Author(s): Adams, C; Alrashed, M; An, R; Anthony, J; Asaadi, J; Ashkenazi, A; Balasubramanian, S; Baller, B; Barnes, C; Barr, G; Basque, V; Bass, M; Bay, F; Berkman, S; Bhanderi, A; Bhat, A; Bishai, M; Blake, A; Bolton, T; Camilleri, L; Caratelli, D; Terrazas, IC; Carr, R; Fernandez, RC; Cavanna, F; Cerati, G; Chen, Y; Church, E; Cianci, D; Cohen, EO; Conrad, JM; Convery, M; Cooper-Troendle, L; Crespo-Anadon, JI; Tutto, MD; Devitt, D; Diaz, A; Domine, L; Duffy, K; Dytman, S; Eberly, B; Ereditato, A; Sanchez, LE; Esquivel, J; Evans, JJ; Fitzpatrick, RS; Fleming, BT; Foppiani, N; Franco, D; Furmanski, AP; Garcia-Gamez, D; Gardiner, S; Genty, V; Goeldi, D; Gollapinni, S; Goodwin, O; Gramellini, E; Green, P; Greenlee, H; Grosso, R; Gu, L; Gu, W; Guenette, R; Guzowski, P; Hamilton, P; Hen, O; Hill, C; Horton-Smith, GA; Hourlier, A; Huang, EC; Itay, R; James, C; De Vries, JJ; Ji, X; Jiang, L; Jo, JH; Johnson, RA; Joshi, J; Jwa, YJ; Karagiorgi, G; Ketchum, W; Kirby, B; Kirby, M; Kobilarcik, T; Kreslo, I | Abstract: We present results on the reconstruction of electromagnetic (EM) activity from photons produced in charged current νμ interactions with final state π0s. We employ a fully-automated reconstruction chain capable of identifying EM showers of (100) MeV energy, relying on a combination of traditional reconstruction techniques together with novel machine-learning approaches. These studies demonstrate good energy resolution, and good agreement between data and simulation, relying on the reconstructed invariant π0 mass and other photon distributions for validation. The reconstruction techniques developed are applied to a selection of νμ + Ar → μ + π0 + X candidate events to demonstrate the potential for calorimetric separation of photons from electrons and reconstruction of π0 kinematics.

Programmable photonic circuits offer a new way to explore photonic chips: instead of hardwiring waveguide connections, one programs a mesh of tunable couplers. This requires electronics and software routines to govern the behavior of the chip, making it possible to rapidly develop new photonic applications.

High-energy neutrinos are unique messengers of the high-energy universe, tracing the processes of cosmic ray acceleration. This paper presents analyses focusing on time-dependent neutrino point-source searches. A scan of the whole sky, making no prior assumption about source candidates, is performed, looking for a space and time clustering of high-energy neutrinos in data collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory between 2012 and 2017. No statistically significant evidence for a time-dependent neutrino signal is found with this search during this period, as all results are consistent with the background expectation. Within this study period, the blazar 3C 279, showed strong variability, inducing a very prominent gamma-ray flare observed in 2015 June. This event motivated a dedicated study of the blazar, which consists of searching for a time-dependent neutrino signal correlated with the gamma-ray emission. No evidence for a time-dependent signal is found. Hence, an upper limit on the neutrino fluence is derived, allowing us to constrain a hadronic emission model.

Background Adherence to antihypertensive medication is a major challenge in the management of hypertension, and non-adherence is an important barrier to effective management of hypertension. Objectives To determine the adherence rate to hypertensive drug treatment and the factors that influence non-adherence in a cohort of the Argentinean population. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in eight cities of Argentina. Consecutive hypertensive patients seen in general practice offices, receiving pharmacological treatment for at least six months were included. Blood pressure measurements were performed by physicians during the patient visit. The level of adherence was assessed using the Morisky questionnaire, and patients were divided into non-adherent and adherent. Continuous variables were compared using independent t-test. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test. To identify the variables independently associated with non-adherence, a forward stepwise binary regression logistic model was performed, and the results expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% of confidence interval. All tests were two-tailed, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 852 individuals (52% women, 62 ± 13 years) were included. The main reason for lack of adherence was forgetfulness of medication intake and errors in the time of intake (~ 40% in both). Individuals with more cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia and previous cardiovascular events) had lower adherence to antihypertensive treatment, and considerably younger (~ five years younger). Conclusions Adherence rate to antihypertensive drug treatment in our study group was higher than the one reported in previous studies, and the main reason for non-adherence was forgetfulness of medication intake. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(3):272-277)

A simple technique to greatly enhance the DC open-loop gain of a Miller op-amp is introduced here. It is based on the utilization of nested regulated cascode amplifiers. It uses conventional Miller compensation and does not increase the supply voltage. The proposed scheme has a DC open-loop gain Figure of Merit FoMAOLDC=24,614kV/V.pF.MHz/µWatt. It is especially appropriate for utilization in modern deep sub-micrometer CMOS technologies with low intrinsic gain. This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio Ciencia e Innovación and the FEDER funds under Grant TEC2016-80396-C2

Background: Echocardiographic reference intervals (RIs) for left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and velocity time integral (VTI) are scarce in pediatrics. Aims: (a) to generate RIs and percentiles for LVOT, VTI, and hemodynamic variables in healthy children and adolescents from Argentina; (b) to analyze the equivalence between stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index (CI) obtained from two-dimensional echocardiography (2D) and LVOT-VTI analysis with pulsed wave Doppler (PWD); and (c) to analyze the association between subjects’ characteristics and VTI and LVOT-VTI-derived parameters. Methods: Two-dimensional and PWD studies were done in 385 subjects (5–24 years). Mean and standard deviation age-related and body surface area (BSA)-related equations were obtained for VTI and LVOT-VTI-derived parameters (parametric regression methods based on fractional polynomials). BSA- and age-specific percentiles were determined. Results: Pulsed wave Doppler- and 2D-derived parameters were positively correlated. However, PWD values were always lower than those from 2D. Specific RIs for PWD and 2D data were necessary. Covariance analysis showed that sex-specific RIs were required for LVOT, but not for VTI, VTI-derived CO and CI. Age-related RIs were obtained for LVOT, LVOT-VTI, and VTI-derived CO and CI. BSA-related RIs for VTI-derived CO and CI were obtained. Conclusions: Stroke volume, CO, and CI data from 2D and PWD are not equivalent. An accurate analysis of LVOT-VTI-derived parameters requires considering age and BSA. In this study, age- and BSA-related RIs and percentiles for LVOT, VTI, and hemodynamic parameters in healthy children and adolescents were determined, discriminating data according to the methodological approach (2D or PWD). Fil: Díaz, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Zócalo, Yanina. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Cabrera Fischer, Edmundo Ignacio. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería; Argentina Fil: Bia, Daniel. Universidad de la República; Uruguay

This work presents and validates the design of a four-quadrant analog multiplier based on the bulk-driven technique. Using the source–gate as well as the bulk–source voltages of a PMOS transistor as input ports, the multiplication task can be achieved. The AC signals are injected into the bulk terminals by means of a very-low-frequency programmable high-pass RC network which also serves to set its proper DC operation point. Although two RC networks are required, this multiplication cell is composed of only seven PMOS transistors and two coupling capacitors which makes it a very compact circuit. Furthermore, no preprocessed signals like the sum of $$\pm \,v_x \pm \,v_y$$ are required at the input ports. The implemented circuit shows a bandwidth of 50 MHz for an output capacitance of 40 pF and a THD lower than 1 $$\%$$ for gate/bulk input amplitudes below 0.2 Vp. The power consumption of the multiplication core is 660 $$\upmu $$ W and 2.6 mW including output buffers. In order to simulate and fabricate this circuit, an ON Semi 0.50 $$\upmu $$ m CMOS standard technology is used, showing a silicon area consumption of $$280\,\upmu \hbox {m} \times 400\,\upmu $$ m including output buffers. The proposed multiplier is suitable for biomedical, AM modulation, base-band modulation and analog computation.

We review the annihilation of dark matter into neutrinos over a range of dark matter masses from MeV$/c^2$ to ZeV$/c^2$. Thermally-produced models of dark matter are expected to self-annihilate to standard model products. As no such signal has yet been detected, we turn to neutrino detectors to constrain the ``most invisible channel.'' We review the experimental techniques that are used to detect neutrinos, and revisit the expected contributions to the neutrino flux at current and upcoming neutrino experiments. We place updated constraints on the dark matter self-annhilation cross section to neutrinos $\langle \sigma v \rangle$ using the most recently available data, and forecast the sensitivity of upcoming experiments such as Hyper-Kamiokande, DUNE, and IceCube Gen-2. Where possible, limits and projections are scaled to a single set of dark matter halo parameters for consistent comparison. We consider Galactic and extragalactic signals of $s$, $p$, and $d$-wave annihilation processes directly into neutrino pairs, yielding constraints that range from $\langle \sigma v \rangle \sim 2.5\times10^{-26}~{\rm cm}^3 {\rm s}^{-1}$ at 30 MeV$/c^2$ to $10^{-17}~{\rm cm}^3{\rm s}^{-1}$ at 10$^{11}$ GeV$/c^2$. Experiments that report directional and energy information of their events provide much stronger constraints, outlining the importance of making such data public., Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physics

Adherence to antihypertensive medication is an important challenge that doctors often face in the treatment of hypertension. Good adherence is crucial to prevent cardiovascular complications. In consequence, the present study aimed at determining the prevalence of adherence to antihypertensive treatment and identifying associated clinical variables. A multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted in 12 cities of Argentina. A systematic sampling was performed in order to select patients with hypertension and under pharmacological treatment for at least 6 months. Physicians took three BP measurements, and the level of adherence was assessed using the self‐administered Morisky questionnaire (MMAS‐8). Participants were classified into three levels of adherence: high adherence—MMAS score of 8; medium adherence—MMAS scores of 6 to

Fil: Castro, Eduardo Fidel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernacion. Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina

Modular discrete and integrated implementations of a continuous-time analog rank-order N input filter are presented that uses one operational transconductance amplifier per input. Rank is programmable for all values from $$k=1$$ (min case) to $$k=N$$ (max case). The implementation is based on transconductance cells with high transconductance gain and symmetrical output current saturating characteristics. Experimental results for both discrete and CMOS integrated implementations are presented that verify functionality and the high-frequency characteristics of the proposed implementations.

The objective of this work is to describe a segmental maxillary distraction osteogenesis (SDO) with segmental Lefort I with an inexpensive device.Four patients who presented severe class III and maxillary hypoplasia due to cleft lip and palate sequel were treated. A SDO was performed using a dental-anchored Hyrax device, achieving enlargement of the upper jaw without altering speech, with adequate and stable occlusion. Dental implants in a new formed bone were installed.The authors can conclude that SDO is a good treatment alternative for patients with maxillary hypoplasia. It preserves velopharyngeal function and is a stable treatment, maintaining the overjet achieved with distraction osteogenesis, without changes in posterior occlusion. The open bite generated with tooth-borne devices can be solved with temporary anchorage devices and intermaxillary elastics during consolidation phase. Modified Hyrax device allows expanding and moving forward the maxillary arch, with a low cost.

This review summarizes major antimicrobial-resistant pathogens emerging globally, including mechanisms of resistance and factors leading to acquisition of drug resistance in children. It further seeks to answer what steps should be taken in resource-limited settings to curb spread of these resistant pathogens. Prevalence of drug resistance bacteria is increasing in children. Resistance is primarily driven by antibiotic overuse and misuse, amplified in developing countries by poor regulation and limited treatment options. The World Health Organization has outlined a comprehensive approach to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Data among children in the developing world are incomplete, but suggest this is a problem with huge healthcare costs. Prevention methods include classic sanitation, infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, as well as development of new technologies and improved surveillance. Future research should focus on population benefits, cost effectiveness of different approaches, and applying new technologies in a regulated way to the developing world.

Background Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 infections increase every day. Despite the infection is less severe in children, it can be severe and associated with complications. However, local data remain scarce. We sought to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in this population across different age groups. Methods Observational, multicenter study across 23 Colombian hospitals from 22 different territories. We included all patients from 0 months to 17 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by either antigen or RT-PCR testing. Results From March 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021, we identified 1,186 patients: neonates (88), 1 to 3 months (130), 4 to 23 months (306), 2 to 4 years (169), 5 to 11 years (229) and 12 to 18 years (226) with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Of those,77(6.2%) were asymptomatic, 631(53.2%) hospitalized, 132(11.2%) required PICU. 58 cases met WHO definition of MIS-C. Patients less than 24 months of age were characterized by fever (74%) and more respiratory distress (30.1%) compared to other groups. Patients >5yo seemed to have a more severe presentation. They had more gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (31% vs 37.8%), had more need for ICU care given presentation with shock increased with age ( >5yo 9.5%; 5-12yo 10.6%; 12-18yo 11.5%). Lab markers including thrombocytopenia and Lymphopenia were more common on this age group. Antibiotic treatment was common (%%) especially in neonates (40.9%), despite bacterial coinfection was rare (8.7%), length of hospitalization was longer in older than 2-year-old groups. 23(1.9%) patients died, similar across different age groups. Heat map by age group Conclusion COVID-19 infection in Colombian children presented differently across different age groups. Children older than 5 years had a more severe clinical course and prolonged hospital stays. Clinical findings according to age groups could help clinicians in characterizing and identifying COVID 19 infections in Children. Disclosures Ivan Felipe Gutiérrez Tobar, n/a, Pfizer and MSD (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support, Speaker’s Bureau, Has received support from Pfizer and MSD for participation in congresses and has received conference payments from Pfizer)Pfizer and MSD (Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Has received support from Pfizer for participation in congresses) Juan P. Rojas -Hernandez, Candidate for doctorate in Public Health, Pfizer (Other Financial or Material Support, Has received support from Pfizer for participation in congresses) Eduardo López Medina, n/a, Pfizer (Other Financial or Material Support, Has received support from Pfizer for participation in congresses)

O artigo propõe realizar uma aproximação histórica ao moderno movimento indígena na Colômbia e por outro lado conceitual, e discutir as novas formas de representação das lutas pela identidade étnica na década 1990. Procurando uma análise que resgate a produção sócio antropológica daqueles estudos que rompem com o essencialismo do conteúdo e, alcance, ou, se aproximem ao caráter processual e dinâmico da configuração das novas identidades de base étnica na Colômbia no século XX. Nesta configuração está relacionado com a revitalização histórica da memória cultural indígena, sua luta política pela terra, o diálogo interétnico e intercultural e a identificação com o território como lugar de origem e reprodução da cosmovisão indígena. Pois, nos novos discursos de afirmação étnica observamos uma tensão permanente entre o Estado e os territórios indígenas, as políticas multiculturalistas e a interculturalidade das organizações indígenas. No caso colombiano, esta tensão se manifesta em um contexto social de conflito permanente e violência generalizada. Os territórios das comunidades indígenas, têm de conviver com a guerra entre os atores armados e a presença ameaçadora de empresas multinacionais interessadas nos bens ambientais e recursos minerais. O cenário de violência e o não cumprimento dos direitos étnicos são temas que projetam os discurso e ações dos seus dirigentes do movimento indígena colombiano, frente aos dilemas do novo Estado multicultural.

This work presents a novel approach to automatic detection of long period events (LP) in continuous seismic records. Without any supervised learning, the proposal is based on a simple processing to search for the LP characteristic shape, duration, and band of activity. Continuous raw signals from the seismometer are first filtered into three frequency bands separating lower, central, and upper frequency components. These new signals are then processed in parallel to extract subband envelopes and create a characteristic function that enhances LP features. Experiments to test the proposal are presented using: 1) 2 h of continuous recordings of the Volcano of Deception Island, Antarctica, containing LP events artificially contaminated with seismic background noise to create low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios and 2) a set of earthquake-like computer generated signals, randomly produced and inserted in the continuous records to recreate a testing environment as challenging as possible. A receiver operating curve analysis of the results compared to those of a classical short/long time average approach, provides positive conclusions on the performance of the technique presented.

We present a high-energy neutrino event generator, called LeptonInjector, alongside an event weighter, called LeptonWeighter. Both are designed for large-volume Cherenkov neutrino telescopes such as IceCube. The neutrino event generator allows for quick and flexible simulation of neutrino events within and around the detector volume, and implements the leading Standard Model neutrino interaction processes relevant for neutrino observatories: neutrino-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and neutrino-electron annihilation. In this paper, we discuss the event generation algorithm, the weighting algorithm, and the main functions of the publicly available code, with examples., Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables

Glacier recession in response to climate warming has resulted in an increase in the size and number of glacial lakes. Glacial lakes are an important focus for research as they impact water resources, glacier mass balance, and some produce catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Glaciers in Peru have retreated and thinned in recent decades, prompting the need for monitoring of ice- and water-bodies across the cordilleras. These monitoring efforts have been greatly facilitated by the availability of satellite imagery. However, knowledge gaps remain, particularly in relation to the formation, temporal evolution, and catastrophic drainage of glacial lakes. In this paper we address this gap by producing the most current and detailed glacial lake inventory in Peru and provide a set of reproducible methods that can be applied consistently for different time periods, and for other mountainous regions. The new lake inventory presented includes a total of 4557 glacial lakes covering a total area of 328.85 km2. In addition to detailing lake distribution and extent, the inventory includes other metrics, such as dam type and volume, which are important for GLOF hazard assessments. Analysis of these metrics showed that the majority of glacial lakes are detached from current glaciers (97%) and are classified as either embedded (i.e. bedrock dammed; ~64% of all lakes) or (moraine) dammed (~28% of all lakes) lakes. We also found that lake size varies with dam type; with dammed lakes tending to have larger areas than embedded lakes. The inventory presented provides an unparalleled view of the current state of glacial lakes in Peru and represents an important first step towards (1) improved understanding of glacial lakes and their topographic and morphological characteristics and (2) assessing risk associated with GLOFs. Keywords: Hazard; Glacier; Lake; GLOF; Climate; Method

Tinea faciei is a common pediatric skin disease, most often caused by fungi of the genus Trichophyton. T benhamiae has been recently reclassified as a distinct species and is recognized as an emerging zoonotic dermatophyte with a wide range of possible infectious reservoirs worldwide. We present a previously healthy 7-year-old child presenting with unusual inflammatory facial plaques due to T benhamiae, confirmed by mass spectroscopy.

In the Central Mediterranean region, the production of chemically diverse volcanic products (e.g., those from Mt. Etna and the Aeolian Islands archipelago) testifies to the complexity of the tectonic and geodynamic setting. Despite the large number of studies that have focused on this area, the relationships among volcanism, tectonics, magma ascent, and geodynamic processes remain poorly understood. We present a tomographic inversion of P-wave velocity using active and passive sources. Seismic signals were recorded using both temporary on-land and ocean bottom seismometers and data from a permanent local seismic network consisting of 267 seismic stations. Active seismic signals were generated using air gun shots mounted on the Spanish Oceanographic Vessel 'Sarmiento de Gamboa'. Passive seismic sources were obtained from 452 local earthquakes recorded over a 4-month period. In total, 184,797 active P-phase and 11,802 passive P-phase first arrivals were inverted to provide three different velocity models. Our results include the first crustal seismic active tomography for the northern Sicily area, including the Peloritan-southern Calabria region and both the Mt. Etna and Aeolian volcanic environments. The tomographic images provide a detailed and complete regional seismotectonic framework and highlight a spatially heterogeneous tectonic regime, which is consistent with and extends the findings of previous models. One of our most significant results was a tomographic map extending to 14 km depth showing a discontinuity striking roughly NW-SE, extending from the Gulf of Patti to the Ionian Sea, south-east of Capo Taormina, corresponding to the Aeolian-Tindari-Letojanni fault system, a regional deformation belt. Moreover, for the first time, we observed a high-velocity anomaly located in the south-eastern sector of the Mt. Etna region, offshore of the Timpe area, which is compatible with the plumbing system of an ancient shield volcano located offshore of Mt. Etna.