293 results on '"Alexander Kiss"'
Search Results
202. Stress-induced alterations in catecholamine enzymes gene expression in the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus are modulated by caudal brain and not hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons
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Ibolya Bodnár, Miklós Palkovits, Richard Kvetnansky, Renata Lukackova, Alexander Kiss, Karel Pacak, and Boris Mravec
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Male ,Restraint, Physical ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ,Gene Expression ,Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ,Mixed Function Oxygenases ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Norepinephrine ,Catecholamines ,Internal medicine ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Catecholaminergic ,Neurons ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,General Neuroscience ,Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase ,Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase ,Rats ,Phenylethanolamine ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases ,Catecholamine ,Catecholaminergic cell groups ,human activities ,Stress, Psychological ,medicine.drug ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
The hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) represents an important coordinate center for regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine systems, especially during stress response. The present study was focused on the gene expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes and the protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in DMN, both in control and stressed rats. Moreover, pathways modulating the gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in DMN during immobilization (IMO) stress were also investigated. Gene expressions of all catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes were detected in DMN samples. While the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N -methyltransferase mRNA were increased in IMO rats, aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase mRNA remained unchanged. Tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels were significantly elevated in the DMN only after repeated IMO stress. Postero-lateral deafferentations of the DMN, or transections of the ascending catecholaminergic pathways originating in the lower brainstem abolished the IMO-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the DMN. Nevertheless, postero-lateral deafferentations of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which separate the DMN from the PVN, had no effect on IMO-induced elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in the DMN. The present data indicate that certain DMN neurons synthesize mRNA of catecholamine enzymes. The stress-induced increase of tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N -methyltransferase mRNA in DMN neurons indicates the involvement of these catecholaminergic neurons in stress response. The gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in DMN is modulated by lower brainstem and/or spinal cord, but not by PVN afferents.
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- 2006
203. Effect of nurse-directed hypertension treatment among First Nations people with existing hypertension and diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Risk Evaluation and Microalbuminuria (DREAM 3) randomized controlled trial
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John P. Szalai, Laurie Ironstand, Sheldon Tobe, Joan Wentworth, Jacqueline Hoppe, Susan Hartman, Alexander Kiss, Nancy Perkins, and George Pylypchuk
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Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Diabetes risk ,Type 2 diabetes ,law.invention ,Diabetes Complications ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Adverse effect ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Aged ,business.industry ,Research ,Primary care physician ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Home Care Services ,Blood pressure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Inuit ,Emergency medicine ,Chronic Disease ,Hypertension ,Physical therapy ,Indians, North American ,Commentary ,Microalbuminuria ,Female ,Rural Health Services ,business ,Algorithms - Abstract
First Nations people with diabetes mellitus and hypertension are at greater risk of renal and cardiovascular complications than are non-native patients because of barriers to health care services. We conducted this randomized controlled trial to assess whether a community-based treatment strategy implemented by home care nurses would be effective in controlling hypertension in First Nations people with existing hypertension and type 2 diabetes.We compared 2 community-based strategies for controlling hypertension in First Nations people with existing hypertension and diabetes. In the intervention group, a home care nurse followed a predefined treatment algorithm of pharmacologic antihypertensive therapy. In the control group, treatment decisions were made by each subject's primary care physician. The primary outcome measure was the difference between the 2 groups in the change in systolic blood pressure after 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were the change in diastolic blood pressure over time, the change in urine albumin status and the incidence of adverse events.Both groups experienced a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure by the final visit (by 24.0 [standard deviation (SD) 13.5] mm Hg in the intervention group and by 17.0 [SD 18.6] mm Hg in the control group); p0.001 in each case). However, the difference between the 2 groups in this change was not significant. Patients in the intervention group had a larger decrease in diastolic blood pressure over time than did those in the control group (by 11.6 [SD 10.6] mm Hg v. 6.8 [SD 11.1] mm Hg respectively; p = 0.05). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of changes in urine albumin excretion or incidence of adverse events.High rates of blood pressure control in the community were achieved in both groups in the DREAM 3 study. The addition of a home care nurse to implement a treatment strategy for blood pressure control was more effective in lowering diastolic than systolic blood pressure compared with home care visits for blood pressure monitoring alone and follow-up treatment by a family physician.
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- 2006
204. The impact of job strain and marital cohesion on ambulatory blood pressure during 1 year: the double exposure study
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Ryan Geerts, Sheldon W. Tobe, Alexander Kiss, Susan Sainsbury, Brian Baker, and Maytal Jesin
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Male ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ambulatory blood pressure ,Job strain ,business.industry ,Blood Pressure ,Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,Blood pressure ,Ambulatory ,Cohort ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Occupational stress ,Marriage ,Occupations ,business ,Psychosocial ,Stress, Psychological ,Demography - Abstract
Background Psychosocial and lifestyle stressors, such as job strain and marital factors, have previously been associated with a sustained increase in blood pressure (BP). Methods In a 1-year longitudinal study, we evaluated whether job strain and marital cohesion continued to be associated with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). The final study cohort included 229 male and female volunteers who were still employed and living with a significant other as at baseline and could complete all aspects of the follow-up testing. Results The interaction between job strain and marital cohesion was significantly associated with a change in ABP during 1 year for 24-h systolic BP but not diastolic BP (P = .018 and .13, respectively). This association also occurred for job strain (P = .011). Subjects with high job strain and a low cohesive marriage had an increase in systolic BP by 3 mm Hg during 1 year, and those with job strain who also had a highly cohesive marriage had a reduction of systolic BP by 3 mm Hg during 1 year. An exploratory analysis for gender effects found that the interaction between job strain and marital cohesion was found only in women (P = .025). Conclusions Marital cohesion consistently interacted with the sustained elevation of BP associated with job strain over time in men and women. Low marital cohesion exacerbated the effect of job strain to elevate BP and high marital cohesion ameliorated it. This interaction may be gender specific in that it was demonstrated separately in women but not in men.
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- 2006
205. Oxytocin--anatomy and functional assignments: a minireview
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Alexander, Kiss and Jens D, Mikkelsen
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Male ,Animals ,Humans ,Endocrine System ,Female ,Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ,Oxytocin ,Rats - Abstract
Oxytocin (OXY) is a very abundant neuropeptide exerting a wide spectrum of central and peripheral effects as neurohormone, neurotransmitter, or neuromodulator. In the central nervous system (CNS), the OXY gene is predominantly expressed in magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. The magnocellular OXY neurons release their products into the general circulation in the neurohypophysis while the mediocellular OXY neurons secrete elsewhere in the CNS. OXY is also produced in peripheral tissues, e.g., uterus, placenta, amnion, corpus luteum, testis, and heart. OXY is a potent stimulator of spontaneous erections in rats and is involved in ejaculation. The typical actions of peripheral OXY are stimulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction during labor and milk ejection during lactation. OXY acts via the receptor which is a typical class of I G protein-coupled receptor. OXY receptors have also been identified in other tissues, including the kidney, heart, thymus, pancreas, and adipocytes.
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- 2006
206. Effect of cholecystokinin on feeding is attenuated in monosodium glutamate obese mice
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Martin Haluzik, Zdeno Pirnik, Alexander Kiss, Resha Shamas Toma, Jirina Slaninova, Blanka Zelezna, and Lenka Maletínská
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cholagogues and Choleretics ,Physiology ,Monosodium glutamate ,Ratón ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Hypothalamus ,Neuropeptide ,Mice, Obese ,Biochemistry ,Sincalide ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Endocrinology ,Sex Factors ,Internal medicine ,Sodium Glutamate ,medicine ,Animals ,Cholecystokinin ,Neurons ,Arc (protein) ,biology ,Leptin ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Brain ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Insulin receptor ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Female ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Treatment of newborn mice with monosodium glutamate (MSG) is neurotoxic for hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and causes obesity. In the MSG-treated 16-week-old NMRI mice, we detected specific ablation of ARC neuronal cells, 8 times higher fat to body mass ratio but unchanged body mass compared to controls, advanced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia--both more pronounced in males, and hyperleptinemia--more severe in females. After fasting, the MSG-treated mice showed attenuated food intake compared to controls. Cholecystokinin octapeptide, which decreased food intake in a dose-dependent manner in 24 h fasted controls, did not significantly affect food intake in the MSG-treated animals. We propose that the obesity-related changes in the feeding behavior of the MSG-treated obese mice were the result of missing leptin and insulin receptors in ARC and consequent altered neuropeptide signaling. This makes the MSG model suitable for clarifying generally the central control of food intake.
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- 2005
207. Xylazine activates oxytocinergic but not vasopressinergic hypothalamic neurons under normal and hyperosmotic conditions in rats
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Jens D. Mikkelsen, Zdeno Pirnik, Alexander Kiss, and Daniela Jezova
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Agonist ,Male ,Xylazine ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasopressin ,medicine.drug_class ,Vasopressins ,Hypothalamus ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Oxytocin ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Parvocellular cell ,Osmotic Pressure ,Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,In Situ Hybridization ,Neurons ,Genes, fos ,Cell Biology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Hypertonic saline ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Phenotype ,nervous system ,Magnocellular cell ,Neuron ,Adrenergic alpha-Agonists ,Supraoptic Nucleus ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Role of central alpha2-adrenoceptors in the regulation of hypothalamic magnocellular cells was studied under hyperosmotic challenge elicited by hypertonic saline (HS). Rats pretreated with receptor agonist, xylazine (XYL), were injected intraperitoneally with different (low: 0.375, moderate: 0.75, high: 1.5 M) HS 30 min later. The activity of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) vasopressin and oxytocin perikarya was established by Fos-dual-immunohistochemistry 60 min after HS administration. Results showed that 1/XYL is a potent stimulus for oxytocin but not vasopressin magnocellular cells under basal and weak hyperosmotic conditions 2/highHS completely overlaps the effect of XYL. In addition, XYL partially suppressed Fos expression in the parvocellular PVN cells activated by highHS. The data suggest that alpha2-adrenoceptors may play an important role in the regulation of oxytocinergic PVN and SON neurons under basal and weak hyperosmotic conditions and that alpha2-adrenoceptors may also participate in the control of PVN parvocellular cells under intense osmotic challenge.
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- 2005
208. Activation of FOS in hypocretin neurons of the rat by insulin-induced hypoglycemia
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Alexander, Kiss, Daniela, Jezova, and Jens D, Mikkelsen
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Male ,Neurons ,Orexins ,Neuropeptides ,Hypothalamus ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Animals ,Insulin ,Rats, Wistar ,Immunohistochemistry ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ,Hypoglycemia ,Rats - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of activation of hypocretin (HCRT) synthesizing neurons after a single intraperitoneal administration of insulin using Fos-HCRT dual immunohistochemistry. In addition, there was also an attempt to depict the spatial organization of activated HCRT perikarya within the whole portion of the medial and lateral hypothalamic (LHA) areas.The animals (rats) were fixed 90 min after i.p. administration of insulin (2.5 IU/kg). The brains were removed, and sectioned through the hypothalamus into 40 microm thick alternate coronal sections. Fos-HCRT perikarya were double immunostained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) technique using Nickel-DAB and single DAB as the two chromogens. For the mapping of Fos-HCRT double-labeled perikarya a light microscopy was employed. Counting of Fos-labeled HCRT perikarya was performed manually and blindly with no insight into the treatment of the animals.The data demonstrate that in the early phase of the acute hypoglycemia, the number of the dually labeled Fos-HCRTir perikarya in the entire LHA was only moderately increased from 9.54 to 15.64% in spite of the fact that within the same period the plasma glucose levels were declined by more than 70%. Moreover, within the LHA, the distribution of activated double-labeled Fos-HCRTir perikarya did not show any special spatial organization.The present data indicate that a large fall in plasma glucose in early phase of acute hypoglycemia does not represent an appropriate stimulus for massive activation of HCRT neurons in the LHA of rats.
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- 2005
209. The effect of alcohol and gender on ambulatory blood pressure: results from the Baseline Double Exposure study
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Nancy Perkins, Alexander Kiss, Heather Soberman, Sheldon W. Tobe, and Brian Baker
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ambulatory blood pressure ,Alcohol Drinking ,Alcohol ,Blood Pressure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Life Style ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Central Nervous System Depressants ,Retrospective cohort study ,Regression analysis ,Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ,Middle Aged ,Dose–response relationship ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,chemistry ,Ambulatory ,Hypertension ,Cardiology ,Female ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background Research has demonstrated that psychosocial and lifestyle factors are associated with sustained increases in blood pressure (BP). Methods Using post-hoc analyses from the Baseline Double Exposure cohort study, alcohol consumption and gender were examined as to their association with ambulatory BP (ABP) in participants with normal or elevated and untreated BP. Results The current study included 248 subjects, 135 (54.4%) of whom were women, with a mean age (± SD) of 50.8 ± 6.6 years. The main effects model, which included BMI, multiple regression analysis with 24 h systolic BP as the dependent variable found that alcohol consumption (P = .033), male gender (P = .004), and age (P = .039) were significant variables associated with higher systolic BP, whereas exercise (P = .037) was associated with lower systolic BP. From the regression analysis, the independent effect of alcohol consumption (≥10 drinks per week) on systolic BP was 4.4 mm Hg for all subjects during 24 h and 7.1 mm Hg during spousal contact, whereas in women with this degree of alcohol consumption the effect on systolic BP was 8.4 mm Hg during 24 h and 11.4 mm Hg during spousal contact. When the interaction term of gender by drinking status was added to the same regression model, the term was not significant for systolic BP during 24 h, but was significant during spousal contact time (P = .047). Conclusions The current study demonstrates an association between alcohol with higher systolic BP, more pronounced in women than men, particularly during spousal contact time. This is the first time that the interaction of alcohol and gender with ABP has been demonstrated.
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- 2005
210. Fos expression variances in mouse hypothalamus upon physical and osmotic stimuli: co-staining with vasopressin, oxytocin, and tyrosine hydroxylase
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Alexander Kiss and Zdeno Pirnik
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Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasopressin ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Vasopressins ,Hypothalamus ,Biology ,Oxytocin ,Immobilization ,Mice ,Osmotic Pressure ,Internal medicine ,Physical Stimulation ,medicine ,Animals ,Saline Solution, Hypertonic ,Arc (protein) ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,General Neuroscience ,Immunohistochemistry ,Hypertonic saline ,Staining ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Fos expression in the hypothalamus and its quantification in vasopressinergic (AVP), oxytocinergic (OXY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON), suprachiasmatic (SCh), and arcuate (Arc) nuclei was performed in response to physiologically two different, i.e. osmotic (i.p. hypertonic saline, HS) and immobilization (IMO), stimuli in mouse using a dual Fos-neuropeptide immunohistochemistry. Both 60 min of HS and 120 min of IMO evoked Fos induction in many hypothalamic structures, whereas, HS evoked more extensive Fos labeling than IMO in the SON, ventromedial (VMN) and dorsomedial (NDM) hypothalamic nuclei and the retrochiasmatic area (RCh). Other hypothalamic structures including the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA), the latero-anterior hypothalamic nucleus (LA), the Arc, the perifornical nucleus (PeF), and the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) showed similar Fos incidence after both HS and IMO. However, after both stimuli explicitly most extensive Fos expression was observed in the PVN. In addition, in the PVN substantially more Fos-AVP (62-67% versus 10-15%) and Fos-OXY (38-45% versus 4-8%) perikarya were observed after HS than IMO, respectively. Incidence of TH-immunoreactive Fos labeled cells in the PVN was also more frequent after HS. In the SON, HS activated more than 50% of AVP and OXY neurons while IMO less than 4%. The number of TH activated neurons in Arc was also higher after HS (11%) than IMO (4%). Lowest number of colocalizations was revealed in the SCh where both HS and IMO activated around 2% of AVP neurons. The present data demonstrate that both HS and IMO are powerful stimuli for the majority of hypothalamic structures displaying considerable topographic similarity in Fos expression suggesting their multifunctional involvement. The quantity and phenotypic differences of activated hypothalamic neurons may speak out for functional dissimilarities in response to HS and IMO.
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- 2004
211. Serotonergic stimulation of the rat hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: interaction between 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors
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Alexander Kiss, Anders Hay-Schmidt, and Jens D. Mikkelsen
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Agonist ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Serotonin ,medicine.drug_class ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Stimulation ,Serotonergic ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Corticosterone ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A ,Rats, Wistar ,Receptor ,5-HT receptor ,8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,General Neuroscience ,Amphetamines ,Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists ,Rats ,Serotonin Receptor Agonists ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Hypothalamus ,Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ,Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - Abstract
Acute stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is mediated by several postsynaptic 5-HT receptor subtypes. Activation of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors increases plasma corticosterone levels, and it is likely that these receptor subtypes are central to mediating the effects of SSRIs. To study the interaction of these receptors, rats were administered with the 5-HT(1A/7) agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.05 to 1.25 mg/kg), the 5-HT(2A/C) agonist DOI (0.25 to 5 mg/kg), or a mixture of both compounds, and trunk blood was taken 60 min later. The two compounds given in combination produced a lower increase in corticosterone than DOI does alone. DOI and 8-OH-DPAT also produced a marked induction of c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but the induction was not different if the two compounds were given together. These data show that the two serotonin receptor subtypes affect the HPA axis via a central target. In conclusion, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors regulate corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons via distinct but strongly interacting pathways, probably converging on the same neurons in the hypothalamus.
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- 2004
212. Effect of immobilization on in vitro thyrotropin-releasing hormone release from brain septum in wild-type and corticotropin-releasing hormone knock-out mice
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K Tybitanclova, Zuzana Bacova, B. Jamal, Kvetnanský R, Strbák, Alexander Kiss, Stefan Zorad, Adameová A, and L. Kubovcakova
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Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thyrotropin-releasing hormone ,Biology ,In Vitro Techniques ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Mice ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Mice, Knockout ,Ethanol ,General Neuroscience ,Wild type ,In vitro ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Knockout mouse ,Septum of Brain ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone - Abstract
There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption, sedation, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain septum. We have shown that ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations can in vitro induce TRH release from the septum by a mechanism involving neuronal swelling. Corticotropin-releasing hormone-deficient (CRH-KO) mice serve as an interesting model to help us understand the role of CRH in the regulation of different neuroendocrine systems. The aim of this study was to compare TRH release activity in the brain septum at basal and stress conditions in CRH-KO mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Experimental mice were decapitated immediately or 3 h after single (2 h) or repeated (seven times for 2 h daily) immobilization stress. The brain septum was immediately cut out and incubated to measure basal-, ethanol-, and hyposmosis-stimulated TRH release in vitro. Ethanol in isosmotic medium or hyposmotic medium stimulated TRH release from mice septal explants from WT and CRH-KO mice. The response was disturbed immediately after immobilization and recovered 3 h later. Our results show that immobilization stress transiently affects the TRH system in brain septum. Inborn absence of CRH does not affect septal TRH and its response to ethanol before and 3 h after immobilization.
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- 2004
213. Hypertonic saline and immobilization induce Fos expression in mouse brain catecholaminergic cell groups: colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y
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Zdeno Pirnik, Alexander Kiss, Boris Mravec, L. Kubovcakova, and Jens D. Mikkelsen
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endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Hindbrain ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Immobilization ,Mice ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Neuropeptide Y ,Catecholaminergic ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,General Neuroscience ,Osmolar Concentration ,Colocalization ,Brain ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Immunohistochemistry ,Hypertonic saline ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,Locus coeruleus ,Catecholaminergic cell groups ,Female ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to reveal stress-type dependent differences in hindbrain catecholaminergic (CA) cells and parabrachial nuclei (PBN) in the wild-type mouse. Neuronal activities were evaluated based on the incidence of Fos-labeling analyzed 60 min after injection of hypertonic saline (HS; 400 microL, 1.5 M, i.p.) or 120 min of immobilization (IMO) stress. The phenotypic nature of neurons was identified by costaining of Fos with either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or the neuropeptide Y (NPY) antibody. Generally, HS elicited broader Fos-staining than IMO. In comparison with IMO, HS induced more extensive Fos activation in the nucleus tractus solitarii-area postrema complex, and in TH- and NPY-positive cells in the A1 and C1 areas. Locus coeruleus (LC) cells displayed similar Fos activation after HS and IMO, and both stimuli also evoked evident TH-Fos colocalizations. Both stimuli also induced TH-Fos costainings in the A5 area. In contrast, IMO failed to activate PBN cells. The data indicate that the activity of TH and NPY hindbrain neurons responds differently to HS and IMO stress, supporting the notion that different stressors have different effects on the activity of autonomic centers.
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- 2004
214. Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation in der Onkologie: EinWeiterbildungsangebot
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Brigitta Wössmer and Alexander Kiss
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- 2004
215. Responses and experiences after radical prostatectomy: perceptions of married couples in Switzerland
- Author
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Heidi, Petry, Donna L, Berry, Elisabeth, Spichiger, Annemarie, Kesselring, Thomas C, Gasser, Tullio, Sulser, and Alexander, Kiss
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Male ,Prostatectomy ,Convalescence ,Men ,Nursing Methodology Research ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Urinary Incontinence ,Erectile Dysfunction ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Activities of Daily Living ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Female ,Marriage ,Spouses ,Attitude to Health ,Internal-External Control ,Qualitative Research ,Switzerland - Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the responses and experiences of a sample of Swiss men after radical prostatectomy and their intimate partners. Interviews were conducted with 10 couples and analyzed using constant comparative method. Getting a grip on it was the core process that was developed. Men focused on regaining control over their lives, urinary and erectile function while wives efforts focused on being there. The results revealed that current clinical practice of follow up at 3 months may not address the serious deficits in the patient's ability to "get a grip" on incontinence and other complications of surgery.
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- 2003
216. Dexamethasone attenuates by colchicine induced Fos expression in the rat deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei
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Zdeno, Pirnik and Alexander, Kiss
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Male ,Cerebellar Nuclei ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Vestibular Nuclei ,Colchicine ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ,Dexamethasone ,Rats - Abstract
1. The intent of the present study was to find out whether dexamethasone pretreatment may affect the induction of Fos protein in cell nuclei of the cerebellar vestibular neuronal complex (CVNC) elicited by central administration of colchicine. Specifically, the rate of the dexamethasone-sensitive cell population was analyzed and compared at different levels of the CVNC using a light microscopic avidin-biotin peroxidase immunohistochemistry. 2. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with dexamethasone 3 days prior (2.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) and 24 h after an intracerebroventricular delivery of colchicine (60 microg/10 microL). Animals were sacrificed 48 h after colchicine treatment by a transcardial perfusion with fixative. 3. Dexamethasone in itself had no effect on the activity of cells of the CVNC. However, in colchicine treated animals, which exhibited a large number of Fos-positive cells over the entire CVNC, the dexamethasone elicited a substantial reduction in the number of the Fos-immunoreactive cells over the CVNC. Distinct dexamethasone dependent reduction (50-90%) of Fos-immunoreactivity was observed in each of the deep cerebellar nuclei. On the other hand, less number of dexamethasone-sensitive cells were recognized in the vestibular structures. From these, maximal Fos-inhibition by dexamethasone was recognized in the medial vestibular nucleus, however, even in this case the number of suppressed cells did not exceed 50%. 4. The results provide for the first time evidence about the dexamethasone dependent reduction of Fos-immunoreactivity in the cells of the CVNC in response to stimulation elicited by colchicine. The data also indicate that the glucocorticoids might be involved in the regulation of some functions of the CVNC under stress conditions.
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- 2003
217. Spontaneous talking time at start of consultation in outpatient clinic: cohort study
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Martin Denz, Sigmund Rüttimann, Wolf Langewitz, Alexander Kiss, Anne Keller, and Brigitta Wössmer
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Tertiary referral centre ,education ,MEDLINE ,Cohort Studies ,Ambulatory care ,Ambulatory Care ,Medicine ,Outpatient clinic ,Humans ,General Environmental Science ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Physician-Patient Relations ,business.industry ,Public health ,Communication ,General Engineering ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,University hospital ,Family medicine ,Cohort ,Papers ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,business ,Switzerland ,Cohort study - Abstract
The average patient visiting a doctor in the United States gets 22 seconds for his initial statement, then the doctor takes the lead.1 This style of communication is probably based on the assumption that patients will mess up the time schedule if allowed to talk as long as they wish to. But for how long do patients actually talk, at least initially? We found only one study, from a neurological practice, investigating this question.2 The author reported one minute and 40 seconds. We examined how long it would take outpatients at a tertiary referral centre to indicate that they have completed their story—for example, with a statement such as: “That's all, doctor!” if uninterrupted by their doctors. We investigated a sequential cohort of patients from the outpatient clinic of the department of internal medicine at the university hospital in Basle. The study protocol was approved by the university's ethics …
- Published
- 2002
218. Detection of oxytocin mRNA in hypertonic saline Fos-activated PVN neurons: comparison of chromogens in dual immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization procedure
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Zdeno, Pirnik and Alexander, Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,Neurons ,Saline Solution, Hypertonic ,3,3'-Diaminobenzidine ,Cobalt ,Oxytocin ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,Chromogenic Compounds ,Nickel ,Animals ,Autoradiography ,RNA, Messenger ,Rats, Wistar ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ,In Situ Hybridization ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
The aim of the present experiments was to elucidate: 1. the stability and usefulness of a 3,3 -diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) chromogen intensified with nickel and cobalt (DAB-Ni-Co) in the dual immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization procedure using Fos-protein antibody and oxytocin mRNA (OXY mRNA) radiolabeled probe; 2. the susceptibility of the free floating and mounted cryostat sections, freshly prepared or stored for 24 month at -20 degrees C.The dual staining procedure was tested on neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) activated by an intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline (HS, 1.5 M, 5 ml, 60 min). Two dual labeling procedures were compared: 1/ Fos-immunostaining with DAB alone and combined with OXY mRNA in situ hybridization and 2/ Fos-immunostaining with DAB-Ni-Co and combined with OXY mRNA in situ hybridization. In both experiments free floating and mounted cryostat sections, freshly prepared or stored for 24 month at -20 degrees C, were tested.HS strongly stimulated both the parvicellular and magnocellular population of PVN neurons followed by an extensive Fos-immunolabeling in many cell nuclei. The first staining sequence with Fos-DAB labeling resulted in a good staining quality on both the fresh and for 24 month stored mounted sections. Although the free floating sections during the in situ procedure showed the same staining properties as the mounted ones, with respect to their increased fragility on the end of the hybridization procedure, they were difficult to mount and stretch on poly-L-lysine coated slides. On the other hand, Fos-immunolabeling with DAB-Ni-Co exhibited improved staining density of the single DAB chromogen in the first staining sequence of the dual staining procedure. However, DAB-Ni-Co mixture showed up as an unstable chromogen complex, which after completing the in situ hybridization process completely disappeared from each type of section.The results of the present dual immunocytochemical-in situ hybridization staining utilizing Fos-antibody and OXY mRNA oligoprobe indicate that this procedure is applicable on free floating as well as mounted cryostat sections, freshly prepared or stored for 24 month at -20 degrees C. However, the dual procedure is only successful when the immunoproduct in the first sequence is visualized with an unintensified DAB and not with combined DAB-Ni-Co chromogen and when the histological sections in the second sequence are not processed as free floating but are attached to a poly-L-lysine coated microscopic glasses.
- Published
- 2002
219. Distribution of neuronal and non-neuronal spliced variants of type 1 IP(3)-receptor in rat hypothalamus and brain stem
- Author
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Richard Kvetnansky, Alexander Kiss, Olga Krizanova, Karol Ondrias, J. Kocan, and Lubomira Lencesova
- Subjects
Male ,Cerebellum ,Central nervous system ,Hypothalamus ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,medicine ,Animals ,Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ,Receptor ,DNA Primers ,Neurons ,Base Sequence ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Alternative splicing ,Cell Biology ,Inositol trisphosphate receptor ,Pons ,Cell biology ,Rats ,Alternative Splicing ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,RNA splicing ,Second messenger system ,Calcium Channels ,Neuroscience ,Brain Stem - Abstract
In the nervous system, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) is one of the second messengers produced by PI hydrolysis and triggers IP 3 -receptor (IP 3 R) mediated calcium release from intracellular pools. Throughout the brain, the type 1 IP 3 R is predominantly expressed and its mRNA is widely distributed. Alternative splicing of IP 3 R1 (SI and SII) occurs in two distinct regions. SI splicing in the middle of the ligand binding domain may alter the IP 3 binding activity, while SII splicing probably affects the protein kinase A phosphorylation sites and kinetics. Selective use of IP 3 -receptor subtypes may permit a tissue specific and developmentally specific expression of functionally distinct channels. The present work was focused on detection of the alternatively spliced mRNA of type 1 IP 3 -receptor in individual brain structures and nuclei. Using RT-PCR we detected neuronal (535 bp) and non-neuronal (410 bp) forms. We identified both spliced variants in the majority of brain structures, except in the cerebellum and medulla. In the cerebellum, the neuronal form of type 1 IP 3 R was found exclusively, while in the medulla, the non-neuronal form was much more abundant. Nevertheless, Western blot analysis and hybridization with specific antibody against IP 3 R revealed no qualitative, but only quantitative differences. Similarly, IP 3 dependent calcium release did not show any differences between the cerebellum and pons. These results demonstrate the distribution of alternatively spliced S2 variants of type 1 IP 3 R in selected brain structures and nuclei. The physiological relevance of these two forms remains to be elucidated by further studies.
- Published
- 2002
220. Vasoactive Hormones and Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
- Author
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Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, Tomazs Ochedalski, Alexander Kiss, and Greti Aguilera
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasopressin ,business.industry ,Adrenocorticotropic hormone ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,Angiotensin II ,Adrenomedullin ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ,Homeostasis ,Hormone - Abstract
Survival under stress situations requires coordinated behavioral, autonomic and hormonal responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Activation of the autonomic system, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis with increase in plasma glucocorticoids is essential for this adaptation (1). The secretion of glucocorticoids is regulated by the pituitary peptide adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn is regulated by the hypothalamic peptides, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (VP) (2,3). It is clear that reciprocal interactions exist between the HPA axis and vasoactive hormones. For example, the hypothalamic peptides CRH and VP have recognized vasodilator and vasoconstrictor actions, respectively. Also, catecholamines and a number of vasoactive hormones including angiotensin II (Ang II), atrial natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin and neuropeptide Y, are involved in the regulation of hypothalamic CRH (3). This discussion will address the interactions between some of these vasoactive hormones and different components of the HPA axis, and their physiological implications during stress adaptation.
- Published
- 2002
221. Endocrine-modulating effects of polymeric nanoparticle poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) on ovarian steroidogenesis
- Author
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Alzbeta Mlynarcikova, Kvetoslava Smolikova, Eva Rollerova, Alexander Kiss, and Sona Scsukova
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Autophagy ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,Endocytosis ,Flow cytometry ,Cell biology ,Transcriptome ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Apoptosis ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Trypan blue ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
First, our results showed that exposure to empty ENPs induced a decrease of cellular viability in NR8383 cells, and an increase of cellular viability and growth in THP-1 cells using, WST-1 and trypan blue. Expression of genes involved in oxidative damage (NCF1), inflammation (NFKB, TNFA, IL6, IL1B), autophagy (ATG16L), and apoptotic balance (PDCD4, BCL2, CASP8) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. ATG16L, BCL2, and TNFAwere up-regulated in NR8383 cells, which is consistent with an induction of autophagy and inflammation. On the other hand, NCF1, NFKB, and IL1B were down-regulated in THP-1 cells,whichmaycontribute to explain the increaseof cellular viability. Second, NPswere likely internalized by THP-1 as shown by TEM and flow cytometry after 2h using different pathways of endocytosis like clathrine and caveoline. Third, transcriptome analysis by microarray of THP-1, either exposed or not to GSNO-loaded ENPs, has shown a significant dose and time-dependent variation of the expression of genes belonging to the clusters “proliferation”, “cell structure”, “mitochondria” and “metabolic processes”. Thus, (i) the cytotoxicity of NPs is model dependent and (ii) mechanistic toxicology should be the corner stone for the evaluation of NPs harmfulness.
- Published
- 2014
222. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis In Down Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study
- Author
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Bosco Paes, Ian Mitchell, Krista L. Lanctôt, Abby Li, Alexander Kiss, M. van Furth, Hao Yi, Louis Bont, and Beatrijs L.P. Bloemers
- Subjects
Down syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Internal medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine ,Respiratory system ,business ,Prospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Virus - Published
- 2014
223. Treatment effects in multiple cognitive domains in Alzheimer’s disease: a two-year cohort study
- Author
-
Jodi D. Edwards, Alexander Kiss, Donald T. Stuss, Pearl Behl, Sandra E. Black, David L. Streiner, and Krista L. Lanctôt
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Clinical Neurology ,Cognitive neuroscience ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Dementia ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cognitive decline ,Psychiatry ,Mini–Mental State Examination ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Research ,05 social sciences ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Neurology ,Cohort ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study - Abstract
Introduction Despite widespread use of second-generation cholinesterase inhibitors for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), little is known about the long term effects of cholinergic treatment on global cognitive function and potential specific effects in different cognitive domains. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between cholinergic treatment and global cognitive function over one and two years in a cohort of patients with mild or moderate AD and identify potential differences in domain-specific cognitive outcomes within this cohort. Methods A cohort of patients meeting the revised National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria for mild or moderate AD, including patients both on treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor and untreated controls (treated = 65, untreated = 65), were recruited from the Cognitive Neurology Clinic at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, as part of the Sunnybrook Dementia Study. Patients were followed for one to two years and underwent standardized neuropsychological assessments to evaluate global and domain-specific cognitive function. Associations between cholinesterase inhibitor use and global and domain-specific cognitive outcome measures at one and two years of follow-up were estimated using mixed model linear regression, adjusting for age, education, and baseline mini mental state examination (MMSE). Results At one year, treated patients showed significantly less decline in global cognitive function, and treatment and time effects across tests of executive and visuospatial function. At two years, there was a significant trend towards less decline in global cognition for treated patients. Moreover, treated patients showed significant treatment and time effects across tests of executive functioning, memory, and visuospatial function. Conclusions The present study offers two important contributions to knowledge of the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in patients with mild-moderate AD: 1) that second-generation cholinesterase inhibitors demonstrate long-term effectiveness for reducing global cognitive decline over one to two years of follow-up, and 2) that decline in function for cognitive domains, including executive function, memory, and visuospatial skill that are primarily mediated by frontal networks and by the cholinergic system, rather than memory, may be slowed by treatment targeting the cholinergic system.
- Published
- 2014
224. Daily profiles of arginine vasopressin mRNA in the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the rat hypothalamus under various photoperiods
- Author
-
Daniela Ježová, Helena Illnerová, Alena Sumová, Martin Jáč, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,Vasopressin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arginine ,Transcription, Genetic ,Photoperiod ,Neuropeptide ,Biology ,Supraoptic nucleus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Circadian rhythm ,RNA, Messenger ,Rats, Wistar ,Molecular Biology ,photoperiodism ,urogenital system ,Suprachiasmatic nucleus ,General Neuroscience ,Circadian Rhythm ,Rats ,Arginine Vasopressin ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Hypothalamus ,Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ,Neurology (clinical) ,Supraoptic Nucleus ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Developmental Biology ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Daily rhythm of arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of rats maintained under a short, LD 8:16 photoperiod differed from that of rats maintained under a long, LD 16:8 photoperiod: under the short photoperiod the morning AVP rise occurred significantly later than under the long one. Daily profiles of AVP mRNA in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei were not rhythmic and AVP mRNA levels under LD 8:16 did not differ from those under LD 16:8. The data indicate that photoperiod affects selectively the clock driven AVP gene expression in the SCN.
- Published
- 2001
225. USE OF AUTOMATED OFFICE BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE: 2A.06
- Author
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Martin Dawes, Sheldon W. Tobe, Janusz Kaczorowski, Alexander Kiss, Martin G. Myers, and Marshall Godwin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood pressure ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Routine clinical practice ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Intensive care medicine - Published
- 2010
226. Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in response to chronic mild stress rise in male but not in female rats while tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels decrease in both sexes
- Author
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Skultétyová I, Daniela Ježová, M. Rusnák, Roman Duncko, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sucrose ,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Photoperiod ,Gene Expression ,In situ hybridization ,Motor Activity ,Weight Gain ,Open field ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,Endocrinology ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Biological Psychiatry ,In Situ Hybridization ,Sex Characteristics ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,business.industry ,Depression ,Rats ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adrenal Cortex ,Locus coeruleus ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Corticosterone ,Weight gain ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and catecholamines are suggested to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression. In the present study we investigated gene expression of CRH in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the locus coeruleus (LC) in an experimental model of depression. A chronic mild stress model was applied in rats of both genders for a three-week period. Anhedonic behaviour, a typical sign of depression-like state, was measured by a sucrose preference test. The chronic mild stress induced a decrease in sucrose preference in both genders. The body weight gain was reduced in males only. The total activity in the open field test was unchanged, however, male rats exposed to chronic mild stress showed enhanced locomotor activity during the first minute of the session, suggesting increased anxiety. Basal plasma corticosterone levels, thymus and adrenal weights measured on the third day after cessation of the stress regimen, were not affected by the stress procedure. Evaluation of CRH mRNA levels in the PVN by in situ hybridisation revealed a significant rise in response to chronic mild stress in males. In females, the basal CRH mRNA levels were higher compared to those in males, but the stress-induced rise was absent. Chronic mild stress resulted in a decrease in TH mRNA levels in the LC. These data demonstrate that chronic mild stress model of depression induces a specific stress response with a reduction of TH gene expression in the LC and clear gender differences in gain of body weight, anxiety-like behaviour, and CRH mRNA levels in the PVN.
- Published
- 2000
227. Subject Index Vol. 16, 2009
- Author
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Andrea Stofkova, Hyo Sang Go, Ki Chan Kim, Andrew N. Coogan, Anthony E. Bolton, Z Lacinová, Johannes Thome, H F Petereit, Michelle Walsh, Martin Haluzik, Gereon R. Fink, Blanka Zelezna, Jana Jurčovičová, Darren S.D. Martin, Anne V. Thomas, Amy L. Beynon, Kwang Ho Ko, Chang Soon Choi, Sung Hoon Lee, Martina Skurlova, Arkady Mandel, Dirk Reske, Chan Young Shin, Helen E. Skerrett, Alexander Kiss, Se Jin Jeon, Michael Schroeter, Patricia Byrne, Marina A. Lynch, and Anne-Marie Miller
- Subjects
Endocrinology ,Index (economics) ,Neurology ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Immunology ,Statistics ,Subject (documents) ,Mathematics - Published
- 2009
228. Corrigendum to 'Effect of upregulated renin–angiotensin system on per2 and bmal1 genes expression in brain structures involved in blood pressure control in TGR(mREN-2)27 rats' [Brain Res. 1180 (2007) 29–38]
- Author
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Michal Zeman, Jana Monošíková, Alexander Kiss, Iveta Herichová, and Boris Mravec
- Subjects
Blood pressure control ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,language.human_language ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,language ,Medicine ,Slovak ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Jana Monosikova, Iveta Herichova⁎, Boris Mravec, Alexander Kiss, Michal Zeman Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynska dolina B2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Published
- 2009
229. Corticotropin-releasing hormone synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats neonatally treated with monosodium glutamate can respond to different stress paradigms
- Author
-
Daniela Jezova, Skultétyová I, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,Restraint, Physical ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pro-Opiomelanocortin ,Monosodium glutamate ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gene Expression ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,Gene expression ,Sodium Glutamate ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Neurons ,Water Deprivation ,Chemistry ,Adrenalectomy ,General Medicine ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Animals, Newborn ,Food Additives ,Neurology (clinical) ,Nucleus ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Glucocorticoid ,Hormone ,medicine.drug ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces pathological lesions in many brain regions. There are indications that MSG treatment could also influence the neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The goal of this study was to find out whether MSG treatment could alter the activity of the corticotropin-releasing hormone synthesizing neurons, i.e. the principal regulators of the corticotropin hormone secretion, located in the medial posterior subdivision of the PVN. The activity of CRH neurons was assessed by changes in CRH mRNA levels in response to both stimulatory and inhibitory conditions induced by immobilization and water deprivation, respectively. In addition, effect of the circulating glucocorticoid deficit induced by bilateral adrenalectomy was investigated. The obtained data show that in MSG-treated animals the rise in CRH mRNA in response to immobilization stress and adrenalectomy as well as the decrease after water deprivation were similar to the changes seen in controls. In addition POMC mRNA changes in MSG-treated animals indicate an uninterrupted capability of CRH neurons to transform different signals to corticotropin cells. It can be concluded that CRH neurons of the PVN are not functionally altered, in spite of the widespread neurotoxic effect of MSG treatment.
- Published
- 1999
230. Neurotoxic lesions induced by monosodium glutamate result in increased adenopituitary proopiomelanocortin gene expression and decreased corticosterone clearance in rats
- Author
-
Alexander Kiss, Skultétyová I, and Daniela Jezova
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pro-Opiomelanocortin ,Monosodium glutamate ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Metabolic Clearance Rate ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Gene Expression ,Tritium ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Proopiomelanocortin ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Corticosterone ,Internal medicine ,Gene expression ,Sodium Glutamate ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,In Situ Hybridization ,Brain Diseases ,biology ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Rats ,chemistry ,Pituitary Gland ,biology.protein ,Adrenal Cortex ,Brain lesions ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in rats with brain lesions induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment (4 mg/g, 5 administrations, i.p.) was evaluated in the present study. Using in situ hybridization we found increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in the adenopituitary and normal corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in MSG-treated rats. The total content of pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was not changed, while pituitary ACTH concentration was higher in MSG-treated compared to control rats. The number of ACTH-immunostained cells per a constant area of adenohypophysial section, as measured by immunohistochemistry, was unchanged indicating that no significant condensation of corticotropes occurred. Basal plasma ACTH concentrations were not different, whereas morning corticosterone levels were elevated in rats with MSG treatment. While ACTH response to stress stimuli was similar in both groups of rats, corticosterone response to exogenous ACTH (500 ng/kg, i.v., Synacthen), short-lasting handling and immobilization was of the same magnitude but prolonged in MSG-treated rats. Based on the decline of [3H]corticosterone in plasma, a decreased corticosterone clearance rate was found in MSG-treated rats. These findings suggest that MSG treatment results in increased POMC gene expression per corticotrope of the atrophic pituitary resulting in maintenance of normal pituitary ACTH stores and plasma ACTH levels. Elevated basal levels of corticosterone in plasma as well as prolonged corticosterone responses to stimulations in rats treated with MSG seem to be due to a decreased clearance rate of corticosterone.
- Published
- 1998
231. Improving communication skills--a randomized controlled behaviorally oriented intervention study for residents in internal medicine
- Author
-
Wolf Langewitz, Brigitta Wössmer, Philipp Eich, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education ,Medical information ,Intervention group ,Simulated patient ,Behavior Therapy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Applied Psychology ,Physician-Patient Relations ,Medical treatment ,business.industry ,Communication ,Internship and Residency ,Intervention studies ,Patient Simulation ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Patient Satisfaction ,Family medicine ,Female ,Curriculum ,Communication skills ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether patient-centered communication skills can be taught to residents in Internal Medicine by using a time-limited behaviorally oriented intervention. METHOD Residents working at the Department of Internal Medicine were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; N = 19) or a control group (CG; N = 23). In addition to 6 hours of standard medical education per week, the IG received specific communication training of 22.5 hours duration within a 6-month period. Initially and 10 months later, participants performed interviews with simulated patients. Interviews were rated by blinded raters who used the Maastricht History and Advice Checklist-Revised. RESULTS Compared with the CG, the IG improved substantially in many specific communication skills. Both groups improved in the "amount of medical information identified" and in the ability to "communicate about feasibility of treatment." CONCLUSION Patient-centered communication skills such as those presented in this intervention study can be taught. The ability to gain medical information and the readiness to communicate about aspects of medical treatment seem to improve with more professional experience; however, they also profit from the intervention.
- Published
- 1998
232. Regulation of pituitary V1b vasopressin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid by adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid administration
- Author
-
Greti Aguilera, Gábor B. Makara, Dóra Zelena, Stephen J. Lolait, Alexander Kiss, Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, and Tomasz Ochedalski
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary gland ,Vasopressin ,Receptors, Vasopressin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Glucocorticoids ,Arginine vasopressin receptor 1B ,Afferent Pathways ,Adrenalectomy ,Rats, Brattleboro ,Denervation ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hypothalamus ,Median eminence ,Pituitary Gland ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Regulation of the number of pituitary vasopressin (VP) receptors plays an important role in controlling pituitary responsiveness during alterations of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. The mechanisms regulating these VP receptors were studied by analysis of the effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid administration on V1b receptor (V1b-R) messenger RNA (mRNA) by Northern blot and by in situ hybridization in the rat. Adrenalectomy transiently decreased V1b-R mRNA levels by 18 h (77% and 62% for the 3.7-kb and 3.2-kb bands in the Northern blots, and 50% by in situ hybridization), returning to basal levels after 6 days. The decrease in V1b-R mRNA after 18 h adrenalectomy was fully prevented by dexamethasone (100 microg s.c.) but not by elimination of hypothalamic CRH and VP by paraventricular nucleus lesions or median eminence deafferentation. In sham-operated rats, dexamethasone increased receptor mRNA by 50% after 6 days. In contrast to Sprague-Dawley rats, in Brattleboro rats (di/di), which lack hypothalamic VP, adrenalectomy caused a sustained decrease in V1b-R mRNA levels (50% of controls by 6 days). The data show that pituitary V1b-R mRNA is positively regulated by glucocorticoids and that the recovery of V1b-R mRNA levels after prolonged adrenalectomy is probably mediated by VP. In addition, the data suggest that the down-regulation of VP binding after long-term adrenalectomy is due to posttranscriptional events rather than to changes in V1b-R mRNA.
- Published
- 1997
233. Differential regulation of hypothalamic pituitary corticotropin releasing hormone receptors during development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat
- Author
-
Stafford L. Lightman, Greti Aguilera, Michael S. Harbuz, Alexander Kiss, and David S. Jessop
- Subjects
endocrine system ,Pituitary gland ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pro-Opiomelanocortin ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Feedback ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,Endocrinology ,Anterior pituitary ,Pituitary Gland, Anterior ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Chronic stress ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,In Situ Hybridization ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Arthritis, Experimental ,Hypertonic saline ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Hypothalamus ,Chronic Disease ,Autoradiography ,Female ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The expression of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and CRH receptor mRNA in the PVN and anterior pituitary was studied during development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in Piebald–Viral–Glaxo rats, using in situ hybridization techniques. As previously shown with i.p. hypertonic saline injection, basal and immobilization stress-stimulated CRH mRNA levels in the PVN were significantly lower than in controls 14 days after adjuvant injection. However, 7 days after injection, preceding the onset of inflammation, the increase of CRH mRNA following immobilization was significantly higher than in control rats. In contrast to other chronic stress paradigms, inflammation stress failed to induce type-1 CRH receptor (CRH-R1) mRNA in the PVN, either at 7 days, or at 14 days after adjuvant injection, when inflammation is present. The ability of acute immobilization to induce CRH-R1 mRNA in the PVN was not affected 14 days after adjuvant injection but parallel to the CRH peptide mRNA response it was markedly potentiated at 7 days. Pro-opiomelanocorpin (POMC) mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary increased significantly 14 days after adjuvant injection, and they were unaffected by 1 h immobilization. While CRH binding in the pituitary decreased significantly 14 days after adjuvant injection, CRH-Rl mRNA was unchanged. This study shows biphasic hypothalamic responses to acute stress during development of adjuvant-induced arthritis, with enhanced CRH peptide and CRH-Rl mRNAs responses at 7 days, preceding the onset of inflammation, and blunted CRH mRNA responses at 14 days at the height of the inflammatory response. The lack of CRH receptor expression in the PVN in this model of chronic inflammation stress associated to low hypothalamic CRH peptide levels supports the view that positive feedback regulation by CRH is necessary to maintain enhanced CRH expression during chronic stress. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 153, 185–191
- Published
- 1997
234. Regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis during chronic stress
- Author
-
Andrew Lu, Greti Aguilera, Alexander Kiss, and Cheri Camacho
- Subjects
Male ,Restraint, Physical ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Corticosterone ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 ,Chronic stress ,Secretion ,Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme ,RNA, Messenger ,Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase ,Aldosterone ,Adrenal cortex ,General Medicine ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Zona glomerulosa ,Pregnenolone ,Adrenal Cortex ,Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase ,Zona Glomerulosa ,Zona Fasciculata ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The mechanism of the altered adrenal responsiveness during chronic stress was studied by analysis of ACTH and Ang II responses and the expression and activity of steroidogenic enzymes in the adrenal cortex of rats subjected to repeated immobilization (2 hr/day for 14 days), or repeated i.p. injection of 1.5 M NaCl. Concomitant with increased pregnenolone production and reduced aldosterone secretion by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells of chronically stressed rats, P-450scc mRNA were increased and P-450aldo mRNA levels were decreased in adrenal zona glomerulosa. Consistent with elevated plasma corticosterone levels, isolated adrenal fasciculata cells from stressed rats showed higher cAMP, pregnenolone and corticosterone responses to ACTH. Adrenal fasciculata area and levels of P-450scc, but not those of P-450(11s) hydroxylase were significantly increased. The effects of repeated stress on adrenal steroidogenesis were mimicked by repeated ACTH injections. The half life of corticosterone in plasma measured with [3H]corticosterone was increased in stressed rats but not in ACTH injected rats. This study shows that chronic stress leads to a) inhibition of mineralocorticoid secretion due to inhibition of the late biosynthetic pathway, and b) increased circulating glucocorticoids due to increased ACTH receptor activity, expression and activity of the early pathway, and decreased glucocorticoid clearance. Altered adrenal glomerulosa and fasciculata function, but not changes in glucocorticoid clearance, are probably mediated by increased ACTH secretion during chronic stress.
- Published
- 1996
235. The renin angiotensin system and the stress response
- Author
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Xun Luo, Greti Aguilera, Alexander Kiss, and Bulbin‐Sunar Akbasak
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensins ,Receptors, Angiotensin ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Fight-or-flight response ,Endocrinology ,Text mining ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,Renin ,medicine ,Animals ,business ,Aldosterone ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Published
- 1995
236. Increased expression of type 1 angiotensin II receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus following stress and glucocorticoid administration
- Author
-
Xun Luo, Greti Aguilera, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Dexamethasone ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Corticosterone ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,Glucocorticoids ,In Situ Hybridization ,Angiotensin II receptor type 1 ,Receptors, Angiotensin ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Adrenalectomy ,Angiotensin II ,RNA Probes ,Rats ,chemistry ,cardiovascular system ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Double staining in situ hybridization studies have shown that angiotensin II (AII) type 1 receptors (AT1) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are located primarily in corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of the parvicellular subdivision. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the role of AII regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, by correlating AT1 receptor expression levels in the PVN with the known changes in activity of the HPA axis under different stress paradigms, and manipulation of circulating glucocorticoids. AT1 receptor mRNA was measured by in situ hybridization using 35S-labelled cRNA probes and AII binding by autoradiography using 125I[Sar1,Ile8]AII in slide mounted hypothalamic sections. AT1 receptor mRNA levels and AII binding in the PVN were reduced by about 20% 18 h after adrenalectomy remaining at these levels up to 6 days after. This effect was prevented by corticosterone administration in the drinking water, or dexamethasone injection (100 mg, s.c., daily). Conversely, dexamethasone injection in intact rats caused a 20% increase in AT1 receptor mRNA in the PVN. AT1 receptor mRNA and binding in the PVN increased 4 h after exposure to stress paradigms associated with activation of the HPA axis (immobilization for 1 h, or i.p. injection of 1.5 M NaCl), and remained elevated after repeated daily stress for 14 days. Unexpectedly, two osmotic stress models associated with inhibition of the HPA axis (60 h water deprivation or 12 days of 2% saline intake) also resulted in increased AT1 receptor mRNA levels and AII binding in the parvicellular PVN. In intact rats, the stimulatory effect of acute stress on AT1 receptor mRNA in the PVN was significantly enhanced by dexamethasone administration (100 micrograms, s.c., 14 h and 1 h prior to stress), while in adrenalectomized rats, with or without glucocorticoid replacement, stress reduced rather than increased, AT1 receptor mRNA. Dexamethasone, 100 micrograms, injected sc within 1 min the beginning of immobilization in adrenalectomized rats, increased AT1 receptor mRNA in the PVN to levels significantly higher than those after dexamethasone alone, indicating that the stress induced glucocorticoid surge is required for the stimulatory effect of stress on AT1 receptor mRNA. The data suggest that AT1 receptor expression in the PVN is under dual control during stress: stress-activated inhibitory pathways and the stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids. The lack of specificity of the changes in AT1 receptor expression in the PVN following stressors with opposite effects on ACTH secretion (osmotic and physical-psychological stress) does not support a role for AII as a major determinant of the response of the HPA axis during stress.
- Published
- 1995
237. Regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid by adrenalectomy and glucocorticoids
- Author
-
Xljn Luo, Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, Greti Aguilera, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,Pituitary gland ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Receptor expression ,Hypothalamus ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor ,Down-Regulation ,Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Dexamethasone ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Glucocorticoids ,In Situ Hybridization ,Chemistry ,Adrenalectomy ,Hypertonic saline ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Pituitary Gland ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
The effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoids on the regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and pituitary were studied by in situ hybridization in the rat using a complementary RNA probe directed toward the coding region of the type 1 CRH receptor. Eighteen hours after adrenalectomy, CRH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the PVN was significantly increased, whereas longer term adrenalectomy (4 and 6 days) had no effect. This transient effect of adrenalectomy was prevented by glucocorticoid replacement. In intact rats, 4 h after immobilization for 1 h or a single ip hypertonic saline injection, CRH receptor mRNA in the PVN markedly increased (P < 0.01), an effect that was unchanged by adrenalectomy (4 or 6 days) or dexamethasone injection (100 micrograms at -14 and 50 micrograms at -1 h) before stress. In the pituitary, CRH receptor mRNA levels decreased transiently after adrenalectomy (-62% after 18 h), returning to basal levels 4 or 6 days after adrenalectomy. The early decrease was prevented by glucocorticoid replacement. In intact rats, dexamethasone (100 micrograms, sc) caused a significant decrease in pituitary CRH receptor mRNA levels 2-10 h after injection, returning to basal levels after 15 h. On the other hand, dexamethasone (5-300 micrograms, sc) had no effect on pituitary CRH receptor mRNA levels 18 h after injection. The data show that although stress stimulation of CRH mRNA in the PVN is glucocorticoid independent, basal levels are likely to be under dual, transcriptional and posttranscriptional, control by glucocorticoids. In the pituitary, changes in hypothalamic CRFs probably play a major role in the control of CRH receptor mRNA levels during manipulations of circulating glucocorticoids levels. In addition, the inability of long term adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid administration to modify pituitary CRH receptor mRNA levels suggests that CRH receptor down-regulation observed under these experimental conditions depends mainly on translational and post-translational events rather than receptor mRNA levels.
- Published
- 1995
238. On organizing an international workshop on psychotherapeutic interventions in cancer patients. A virtual coffeebreak communication
- Author
-
Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Psychotherapeutic interventions ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Nursing research ,International Cooperation ,Psychological intervention ,Congresses as Topic ,Psychotherapy ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Oncology ,Neoplasms ,Medicine ,Humans ,business ,Psychiatry ,Psychosocial - Abstract
This paper is an unusual summary of my thoughts on the International Workshop on Psychotherapeutic Interventions in Cancer Patients in Flims, Switzerland, in 1995. Based upon virtual coffeebreak communications, I try to explain to my virtual partner how the idea of the workshop developed, how I came to select participants and experts, and why the workshop was structured in such a specific way. Concerning the workshop itself I shall quote personal feedback statements from participants, drawing upon the impressions they took with them from demonstration workshops prepared by the leading experts in the field. During the workshop the impact of psychosocial interventions upon survival was critically evaluated, whereas it was unanimously agreed that the most important target of psychosocial interventions in cancer patients is the improvement in quality of life. After the workshop I personally decided to enhance my professional engagement in the area of helping clinical oncologists and nurses to improve on the psychosocial skills they need in caring for cancer patients.
- Published
- 1995
239. Intervention Studies in Transplantation Medicine: Results from An Update of the German Consultation-Liaison Guidelines
- Author
-
B. Stein, L. Götzmann, W. Söllner, H. Buhk, Karl-Heinz Schulz, Alexander Kiss, A. Dinkel, F. Vitinius, W. Albert, and A. Schumacher
- Subjects
German ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Transplantation medicine ,Family medicine ,language ,Alternative medicine ,Medicine ,business ,Intervention studies ,language.human_language - Published
- 2012
240. Activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system during food and water deprivation in the rat
- Author
-
Greti Aguilera, Daniela Jezova, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,Restraint, Physical ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasopressin ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Receptors, Vasopressin ,Pro-Opiomelanocortin ,Epinephrine ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Vasopressins ,Dopamine ,Hypothalamus ,Neuropeptide ,Gene Expression ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Stimulation ,Biology ,Oxytocin ,Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,Norepinephrine ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Sympathoadrenal system ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Molecular Biology ,In Situ Hybridization ,Water Deprivation ,General Neuroscience ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Hypertonic saline ,Prolactin ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology (clinical) ,Corticosterone ,Food Deprivation ,Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ,Stress, Psychological ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
It has been previously shown that chronic water deprivation or hypertonic saline intake, osmotic stress models with concomitant decrease in food intake, decrease hypothalamic CRH mRNA levels and ACTH responses to acute stimulation. To determine the contribution of food restriction to the effects of osmotic stimulation, the function of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis was analyzed in rats subjected to food deprivation, water deprivation or their combination for 60 h. In all three groups, basal levels of plasma corticosterone were increased, while ACTH and catecholamines were unchanged. Basal plasma vasopressin levels were normal in food deprived rats, but significantly increased in water deprived and simultaneously food and water deprived rats. In contrast to the 25% reduction of plasma ACTH responses to 30 min immobilization by water deprivation, food deprivation had no inhibitory effect and prevented the decreased ACTH responsiveness caused by water deprivation. In control rats, plasma corticosterone levels increased 22.5-fold 30 min after immobilization, and this response was significantly potentiated in the water deprived, food deprived and combined food and water deprived groups. The elevation in plasma catecholamines in response to acute immobilization was also enhanced in both water deprived and food deprived rats. In situ hybridization studies showed a 35% increase in VP mRNA levels in the PVN after water deprivation, whereas food deprivation caused a slight decrease and prevented the stimulatory effect of water deprivation. CRH mRNA in the PVN was reduced by 27% after food deprivation and by 67% after water deprivation, but simultaneous food and water deprivation caused a significantly smaller reduction similar to that in food deprivation alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1994
241. A Broken System, Part II: Why is there so much error in capital cases, and what can be done about it.
- Author
-
Liebman, James; Jeffrey Fagan; Andrew Gelman; Valerie West; Garth Davies; and Alexander Kiss and Liebman, James; Jeffrey Fagan; Andrew Gelman; Valerie West; Garth Davies; and Alexander Kiss
- Abstract
Includes the report, appendices, and endnotes.
- Published
- 2002
242. Activation of magnocellular vasopressin responses to non-osmotic stress after chronic adrenal demedullation in rats
- Author
-
Greti Aguilera and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,Restraint, Physical ,Vasopressin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Osmotic shock ,Vasopressins ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Neuropeptide ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,In Situ Hybridization ,Saline Solution, Hypertonic ,Aldosterone ,Water Deprivation ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Osmolar Concentration ,Immunohistochemistry ,Hormones ,Hypertonic saline ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Hypothalamus ,Adrenal Medulla ,Adrenal medulla ,Supraoptic Nucleus ,Stress, Psychological ,Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus - Abstract
Increases in plasma VP in response to osmotic stimulation are critical for water conservation, while VP released into the pituitary portal circulation is an important regulator of ACTH secretion and does not contribute to plasma VP levels. The role of the adrenal medulla in the specificity of these responses was studied in rats subjected to osmotic and non-osmotic stress two months following adrenal demedullation or sham operation. Basal and stimulated plasma corticosterone, aldosterone, ACTH and PRA levels in adrenal demedullated rats were similar to those in the sham operated groups indicating recovery of adrenocortical function. Basal plasma VP level were similar in sham operated controls and adrenal demedullated rats (0.93 +/- 0.13 and 1.0 +/- 0.1 pg/ml, respectively) and rose to comparable levels in both groups following 48 h osmotic stimulation by water deprivation (14.4 +/- 1.3 and 20.7 +/- 3.4, respectively). On the other hand, while in sham operated rats, immobilization for 15 min, a non-osmotic stress, had no effect on plasma VP levels in control or water deprived (2.0 +/- 0.9 and 15.0 +/- 2.7 pg/ml), in adrenal demedullated rats, caused dramatic increases in plasma VP from 1.0+/-0.1 to 126.0+/029.9 pg/ml in controls, and from 20.7 +/- 3.4 to 155 +/- 37 pg/ml in water deprived rats. Intraperitoneal hypertonic saline injection, a combination of osmotic and painful stress, caused much higher increases in plasma VP in adrenal demedullated rats (138.0 +/- 22.1 compared with 34.7 +/- 3.7 pg/ml in sham operated rats). Water deprivation potentiated this response to 70.0 +/- 8.3 and 295 +/- 24 pg/ml in sham operated and adrenal demedullated rats, respectively. VP mRNA measured by in situ hybridization, and irVP measured by immunohistochemistry, were elevated in magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamus of adrenal demedullated rats. The demonstration of marked plasma VP responses to non-osmotic stimuli in adrenal demedullated rats, suggests a modulatory role for the adrenal medulla in the specificity of the secretory responses of the magnocellular and parvicellular vasopressinergic systems.
- Published
- 1993
243. Contrasting effects of central alpha-1-adrenoreceptor activation on stress-responsive and stress-nonresponsive subpopulations of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretory cells in the rat
- Author
-
Alexander Kiss, Greti Aguilera, and Mark H. Whitnall
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vasopressin ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Stimulation ,Biology ,Methoxamine ,Catheterization ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,Endocrinology ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Corticosterone ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptor ,Habituation, Psychophysiologic ,Injections, Intraventricular ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Neurosecretory Systems ,Axons ,Rats ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Hypothalamus ,Median eminence ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Stimulation of the rat hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis during stress involves activation of central α1-adrenergic receptors. The subpopulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurosecretory cells that contains vasopressin (VP) is selectively activated by several types of stress (immobilization, hypoglycemia, and intracerebroventricular, i.c.v., colchicine), and is located in a catecholamine-rich area of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the CRH+/VP+ subpopulation is selectively activated by central α1-adrenergic receptors. The α1-agonist methoxamine or vehicle alone was injected i.c.v. after habituation of rats to daily injections of vehicle through a chronic i.c.v. cannula. Activation of the CRH+/VP+ and CRH+/VP-subpopulations was measured by quantifying depletion of neurosecretory vesicles from immunocytochemically identified axons in the external zone of the median eminence. The habituated, vehicle-injected sham control group had normal levels of plasma ACTH and corticosterone, but possessed a significantly higher proportion of VP-containing CRH axons than naive animals. This change is similar to what was observed previously in rats subjected to repeated daily stress. I.c.v. methoxamine caused elevations of plasma ACTH and corticosterone and significant depletions of vesicles from the CRH+/VP+ axons at 1 and 2 h after injection, compared to the sham control group. The CRH+/VP-axons, however, displayed significant accumulations of neurosecretory vesicles at the same times after 300 µg methoxamine, compared to the sham control group. After 100 µg methoxamine, there was no change in the CRH+/VP-axons, compared to the sham control group. We interpret the accumulation of vesicles in the VP-deficient CRH neurosecretory axons after 300 µg i.c.v. methoxamine to reflect inhibition of this subpopulation after central α1-adrenergic receptor activation. The results demonstrate for the first time that central catecholamines induce release of both CRH and VP in the portal capillary plexus. These findings support the hypothesis that stress induces release of catecholamines from axons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus, thus activating α1-adrenergic receptors that selectively stimulate the VP-containing subpopulation of CRH neurosecretory cells.
- Published
- 1993
244. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during water deprivation
- Author
-
Greti Aguilera, Stafford L. Lightman, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Male ,Restraint, Physical ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary gland ,Vasopressin ,Pro-Opiomelanocortin ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Vasopressins ,Hypothalamus ,Adrenocorticotropic hormone ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Corticotropin-releasing hormone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Corticosterone ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,Adrenal Glands ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Neurons ,Water Deprivation ,Osmolar Concentration ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood ,chemistry ,Pituitary Gland ,Magnocellular cell ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis - Abstract
The contribution of the magnocellular vasopressinergic system to the regulation of ACTH secretion was studied by analysis of hypothalamic-adrenal axis function in rats subjected to water deprivation for 48 h. Water deprivation resulted in marked increases in plasma osmolarity and vasopressin (VP) levels and hypothalamic VP mRNA and immunoreactive (ir) VP in magnocellular neurons. While CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus were decreased, irCRH accumulation in paraventricular nucleus neurons after colchicine treatment was normal or increased. Similarly, the irCRH content in the median eminence and its release under stress were similar in control and waterdenrived rats. While basal nlasma ACTH levels were similar in both groups (34.5 + 3.8 and 39.8 + 3.3 pg/ml), levels stimulated by CRH injection (10 fig, iv) or 15-min immobilization stress were reduced by 47% (P < 0.01) and 43% (P < 0.05), respectively, in water-restricted rats. The decreased ACTH responses were not prevented by injection of CRH (7.5 fig/day, SC) during the period of water deprivation. In contrast to the ACTH responses, basal and CRH-stimulated plasma corticosterone levels were significantly elevated (P < O.OOl), and the responses to acute stress were normal. The inhibition of ACTH secretion was not due to increased glucocorticoid feedback, since similar blunted ACTH resuonses to acute immobilization stress were observed in adrenalectomizid rats receiving corticosterone replacement. Despite similar levels of pituitary POMC mRNA, pituitary ACTH content was reduced in water-deprived rats, suggesting a posttranscriptional inhibition of POMC synthesis or processing. The data demonstrate that osmotic activation of the magnocellular VP system is accompanied by reduced responsiveness of the corticotrophs, an effect that is not due to increased glucocorticoid feedback or hypothalamic CRH deficiencv. These findings suggest that the magnoceil;lar vasopressinergic systed does not play an important role in the regulation of ACTH secretion during chronic o&otic stimulation. (E&ocrinology 132: 241-248, 1993)
- Published
- 1993
245. Treatment of chronic bulimic symptoms: new answers, more questions
- Author
-
Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
business.industry ,Chronic Disease ,Antiemetics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Serotonin Antagonists ,General Medicine ,Bulimia ,business ,Ondansetron ,Follow-Up Studies - Published
- 2000
246. Acknowledgement to the Reviewers
- Author
-
Michael Schroeter, Andrew N. Coogan, Martina Skurlova, Patricia Byrne, Anthony E. Bolton, Kwang Ho Ko, Dirk Reske, Andrea Stofkova, Ki Chan Kim, H F Petereit, Darren S.D. Martin, Martin Haluzik, Z Lacinová, Blanka Zelezna, Se Jin Jeon, Gereon R. Fink, Jana Jurčovičová, Chan Young Shin, Johannes Thome, Marina A. Lynch, Alexander Kiss, Chang Soon Choi, Arkady Mandel, Helen E. Skerrett, Sung Hoon Lee, Anne V. Thomas, Amy L. Beynon, Michelle Walsh, Hyo Sang Go, and Anne-Marie Miller
- Subjects
Medical education ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Immunology ,Acknowledgement ,Psychology - Published
- 2009
247. Developmental changes in brain angiotensin II receptors in the rat
- Author
-
Alexander Kiss, Greti Aguilera, and Monica A. Millan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,Physiology ,Central nervous system ,Peptide ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Secretion ,Tissue Distribution ,Binding site ,Circumventricular organs ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Receptors, Angiotensin ,Angiotensin II ,Brain ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Autoradiography ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
AII binding and distribution were measured in rat brain during development by autoradiographic techniques using radioiodinated [Sar1,Ile8]AII. At all ages, from 2 days to 7 weeks, binding was present in the circumventricular organs, and areas related to pituitary hormone secretion and modulation of sympathetic activity. At early stages of development, AII binding was transiently expressed in a number of motor- and sensory-related areas. These findings support a role for AII in the control of water intake and autonomic activity at all stages of development, and suggest that the peptide may be involved in the maturation of neuronal function during development.
- Published
- 1991
248. Intensive care outcomes in bone marrow transplant recipients: a population-based cohort analysis
- Author
-
Deva Thiruchelvam, Donald A. Redelmeier, Damon C. Scales, William J. Sibbald, and Alexander Kiss
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,health care facilities, manpower, and services ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,law.invention ,Cohort Studies ,Patient Admission ,Renal Dialysis ,law ,Internal medicine ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,Hospital Mortality ,education ,Bone Marrow Transplantation ,Ontario ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Research ,Mortality rate ,Odds ratio ,Length of Stay ,Respiration, Artificial ,Intensive care unit ,Surgery ,Transplantation ,Intensive Care Units ,Catheterization, Swan-Ganz ,Female ,Hemodialysis ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Introduction Intensive care unit (ICU) admission for bone marrow transplant recipients immediately following transplantation is an ominous event, yet the survival of these patients with subsequent ICU admissions is unknown. Our objective was to determine the long-term outcome of bone marrow transplant recipients admitted to an ICU during subsequent hospitalizations. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort analysis of all adult bone marrow transplant recipients who received subsequent ICU care in Ontario, Canada from 1 January 1992 to 31 March 2002. The primary endpoint was mortality at 1 year. Results A total of 2,653 patients received bone marrow transplantation; 504 of which received ICU care during a subsequent hospitalization. Patients receiving any major procedure during their ICU stay had higher 1-year mortality than those patients who received no ICU procedure (87% versus 44%, P < 0.0001). Death rates at 1 year were highest for those receiving mechanical ventilation (87%), pulmonary artery catheterization (91%), or hemodialysis (94%). In combination, the strongest independent predictors of death at 1 year were mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 4.8 to 11.4) and hemodialysis (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.1 to 36.7), yet no combination of procedures uniformly predicted 100% mortality. Conclusion The prognosis of bone marrow transplant recipients receiving ICU care during subsequent hospitalizations is very poor but should not be considered futile.
- Published
- 2008
249. Adrenergic regulation of [3H]ketanserin binding sites during immobilization stress in the rat frontal cortex
- Author
-
Alexander Kiss, Eva Cechova, Tichomir Torda, Karol Murgas, and Juan M. Saavedra
- Subjects
Male ,Restraint, Physical ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Serotonin ,Ketanserin ,Adrenergic receptor ,Stimulation ,Propranolol ,Pharmacology ,Serotonergic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Norepinephrine ,Reference Values ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine ,Molecular Biology ,5-HT receptor ,Cerebral Cortex ,Binding Sites ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ,Denervation ,Rats ,Kinetics ,Endocrinology ,Receptors, Serotonin ,Neurology (clinical) ,Stress, Psychological ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Acute immobilization stress increased serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic/serotonin ratio, and the number of [ 3 H]ketanserin binding sites, representing serotonin-2 type receptors, in the rat frontal cortex. Peripheral administration of propranolol or central administration of 6-hydroxydopamine abolished the stress induced elevation of [ 3 H]ketanserin binding sites. Treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine did not affect the increase in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, and enhanced the increase in the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin ratio produced by stress. Conversely, chemical serotoninergic denervation with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine had no influence on the stress-induced elevation of [ 3 H]ketanserin binding sites, but abolished the serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid increase produced by stress. These results suggest that an intact serotoninergic system is not essential for serotonin-2 type receptor regulation during stress. Instead, the noradrenergic system, most probably through stimulation of β-adrenoreceptors, may control the regulation of [ 3 H]ketanserin binding sites in the rat frontal cortex during acute stress.
- Published
- 1990
250. Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuroendocrine Regulations
- Author
-
Daniela Ježová, Milan Vigas, Jana Jurčovičová, Oprsalová Z, B. B. Johansson, J. Chauveau, Alexander Kiss, F. Héry, C. Oliver, and M. Héry
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Protamine sulfate ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,Internal medicine ,Pituitary hormones ,medicine ,Secretion ,Biology ,Neuroactive substances ,Blood–brain barrier ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Neuroendocrine regulatory processes have been intensively studied, and a considerable amount of data has accumulated on the central regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of pituitary hormone release. Special attention has been given to monoamines and peptides of central origin that act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and there are several reviews summarizing the large amount of information on this important topic (1–5). Nevertheless, many results dealing with the effects of various neuroactive substances on the secretion of individual pituitary hormones are controversial and need further elucidation.
- Published
- 1990
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