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232. There are no broad subjects in Standard Arabic

Author

Alqarni Muteb and Alanazi Mohammad

Subjects
arabic, broad subject, clitic left dislocation, hebrew, japanese, narrow subject, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

The current article argues that the multiple nominative constructions of the Japanese type do not exist in Standard Arabic. Based on evidence from binding, A′-interception and Case, the article shows that the so-called ‘broad subject’ is a clitic left-dislocated element base generated in the A′-domain. The article thus follows the spirit of the analysis proposed by Landau (e.g., Landau, Idan. 2009. Against broad subjects in Hebrew. Lingua 119(1). 89–101), who denies the existence of broad subjects in Hebrew, concluding that broad subjects do not exist in Semitic languages at all.

Published
2023
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233. LaNet: Real-time Lane Identification by Learning Road SurfaceCharacteristics from Accelerometer Data

Author

Harishankar, Madhumitha, Han, Jun, Srinivas, Sai Vineeth Kalluru, Alqarni, Faisal, Su, Shi, Pan, Shijia, Noh, Hae Young, Zhang, Pei, Gruteser, Marco, and Tague, Patrick

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The resolution of GPS measurements, especially in urban areas, is insufficient for identifying a vehicle's lane. In this work, we develop a deep LSTM neural network model LaNet that determines the lane vehicles are on by periodically classifying accelerometer samples collected by vehicles as they drive in real time. Our key finding is that even adjacent patches of road surfaces contain characteristics that are sufficiently unique to differentiate between lanes, i.e., roads inherently exhibit differing bumps, cracks, potholes, and surface unevenness. Cars can capture this road surface information as they drive using inexpensive, easy-to-install accelerometers that increasingly come fitted in cars and can be accessed via the CAN-bus. We collect an aggregate of 60 km driving data and synthesize more based on this that capture factors such as variable driving speed, vehicle suspensions, and accelerometer noise. Our formulated LSTM-based deep learning model, LaNet, learns lane-specific sequences of road surface events (bumps, cracks etc.) and yields 100% lane classification accuracy with 200 meters of driving data, achieving over 90% with just 100 m (correspondingly to roughly one minute of driving). We design the LaNet model to be practical for use in real-time lane classification and show with extensive experiments that LaNet yields high classification accuracy even on smooth roads, on large multi-lane roads, and on drives with frequent lane changes. Since different road surfaces have different inherent characteristics or entropy, we excavate our neural network model and discover a mechanism to easily characterize the achievable classification accuracies in a road over various driving distances by training the model just once. We present LaNet as a low-cost, easily deployable and highly accurate way to achieve fine-grained lane identification.

Published
2020

241. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the UAE reveals novel virus mutation, patterns of co-infection and tissue specific host immune response.

Author

Liu, Rong, Wu, Pei, Ogrodzki, Pauline, Mahmoud, Sally, Liang, Ke, Liu, Pengjuan, Francis, Stephen, Khalak, Hanif, Liu, Denghui, Li, Junhua, Ma, Tao, Chen, Fang, Liu, Weibin, Huang, Xinyu, He, Wenjun, Yuan, Zhaorong, Qiao, Nan, Meng, Xin, Alqarni, Budoor, Quilez, Javier, Kusuma, Vinay, Lin, Long, Jin, Xin, Yang, Chongguang, Anton, Xavier, Koshy, Ashish, Yang, Huanming, Xu, Xun, Wang, Jian, Xiao, Peng, Al Kaabi, Nawal, Fasihuddin, Mohammed, Selvaraj, Francis, Weber, Stefan, Al Hosani, Farida, Liu, Siyang, and Zaher, Walid

Subjects
Adult, COVID-19, Coinfection, Cytidine Deaminase, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Genome, Viral, Genomics, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Nasopharynx, Organ Specificity, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

To unravel the source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction and the pattern of its spreading and evolution in the United Arab Emirates, we conducted meta-transcriptome sequencing of 1067 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected between May 9th and Jun 29th, 2020 during the first peak of the local COVID-19 epidemic. We identified global clade distribution and eleven novel genetic variants that were almost absent in the rest of the world and that defined five subclades specific to the UAE viral population. Cross-settlement human-to-human transmission was related to the local business activity. Perhaps surprisingly, at least 5% of the population were co-infected by SARS-CoV-2 of multiple clades within the same host. We also discovered an enrichment of cytosine-to-uracil mutation among the viral population collected from the nasopharynx, that is different from the adenosine-to-inosine change previously reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and a previously unidentified upregulation of APOBEC4 expression in nasopharynx among infected patients, indicating the innate immune host response mediated by ADAR and APOBEC gene families could be tissue-specific. The genomic epidemiological and molecular biological knowledge reported here provides new insights for the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission and points out future direction on host-pathogen interaction investigation.

Published
2021

242. Ka Band Transmit and Receive RF-Beamformers on 22nm FD-SOI Technology for Communication and Radar Systems

Author

Alqarni, Sultan Awad Ali

Subjects
Electrical engineering, 22 nm, Beamformer, Ka band, phased array, receiver, transmitter
Abstract

This dissertation comes as an application of receive and transmit phased array beamformers on 22 nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator technology. They both use the concept of passive vector modulation for higher linearity. The advantage of the smaller feature size switches was used to implement the design at the Ka-band with minimized losses. The receiver IP-1dB is higher than -20 dBm with a power consumption of 60 mW at typical biasing. The biasing was varied for gain from 11 dB to 18 dB, 5 GHz bandwidth (24-29 GHz), and power consumed from 35 mW to 180 mW. The noise figure is optimized to be at 3 dB while minimizing the power consumption. The phase error standard deviation is less than 4.5 degrees for 6-bit phase shifters. The gain error standard deviation is less than 0.25 dB for the attenuators. The Ka-band transmit channel, beamformer, has an OP-1dB is 15.5 dBm with 12.5 % efficiency of the entire channel. For the QAM-64-100 MHz modulated signal, the efficiency is 7.9 % at EVM of 3.7 % and output power of 13.1 dBm. The gain is 27 dB, and the 3 dB bandwidth extends from 22.5 GHz to 26.8 GHz. The channel 6-bit phase shifters have 5.5-degree phase error standard deviations at the center frequency and 2 degrees at 26.8 GHz. The attenuator's gain error standard deviation is less than 0.4 dB within the transmitter band.

Published
2024

243. The impact of corporate governance on major shareholdings : the case of Saudi Arabia

Author

Alqarni, Ahmed Ali M.

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to examine whether the Corporate Governance (CG) structure in potential investee companies in Saudi Arabia has an impact on major shareholders choices of shares. Scholars argue that good CG practices provide investors with more confidence to invest their wealth in capital markets especially in developing countries (McKinsey, 2000). Saudi Arabia embraces unique cultural, economic, social, religious settings and is characterised with a prevalent presence of major shareholders in the capital market that is accompanied by allegedly weak legal settings, which was observed after the infamous collapse of the Saudi capital market in February 2006 (Ramady, 2010; Al-Nodel and Hussainey, 2010; Al-Matari, Al-Swidi and Fadzil, 2012). In order to investigate the impact of corporate governance on major shareholdings in the Saudi capital market, a full review of the CG evolution in Saudi Arabia is presented and two sets of questions are identified to achieve the objectives of this thesis. To address the research questions, this thesis employs triangulation (i.e., mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative) and embraces agency theory as main theoretical framework. The quantitative assessment is performed using a panel data analysis of 97 non-financial listed companies in the Saudi capital market over the period from 2013 to 2017 (485 observations). The qualitative assessment is performed by conducting semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants of different categories of major shareholders within the Saudi capital market. Overall, the regression analysis has shown that total major shareholdings have a significant negative relationship with CG score. Some interviewees expressed similar views toward such mechanisms as they are believed to be responsible for the limitation of their power over investee firms. The results of regression analysis to each category of major shareholders have revealed that the only categories that are significantly related to CG is wealthy families (negative) and wealthy individuals (positive), which is also supported by the findings of the qualitative assessment. The qualitative assessment of the rest of major shareholders categories have provided mixed results concerning CG preferences. Few interviewees believe that some parts of CG structure of investee firms play a role during the decision-making of their investments. On the other hand, most interviewees have revealed that CG in general is not taken into consideration when making investment decisions. This explains the insignificant relationship between CG and most categories of major shareholders revealed by the regression analysis.

Published
2021

244. Students' and teachers' perspectives towards the use of social media technologies as a supportive learning tool in English language classes : a case study from a university in Saudi Arabia

Author

Alqarni, Saleh Mohammed

Subjects
LB Theory and practice of education
Abstract

This study examined students' and English language instructors' attitudes towards using social media technologies to support English language learning and teaching at the University of Bisha, Blagran campuses, College of Science and Arts in Saudi Arabia. While this phenomenon has been researched for many years, relatively little is known about the role of social media technologies to support English language learning from both the students' and English instructors' lenses; or, about the factors that may influence the use of these technological tools, and the conditions required for the successful use of these tools. Through a review of the current empirical and theoretical literature, this research aims to provide a clear understanding for the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia of some potential roles that social media technologies could play in enhancing the English language learning environment within the kingdom. The participants in this study were English language undergraduate students, along with their English language instructors. Mixed methods were used to gather the data (survey, focus groups, interviews). Two hundred and twenty-two students completed the survey (101 male and 121 female). Forty students (20 male and 20 female) participated in the focus groups. The survey and focus groups were used convergently to provide a rich understanding of the students' attitudes. Semi-structured interviews were used with the English language instructors, a total of eighteen (8 male- 10 female), to examine their attitudes in-depth and allow them to reveal their stances on using such technological tools in supporting English language teaching. The findings from the survey indicated that the students showed positive attitudes to use social media technologies to support English language learning with a mean (M=4.09, SD =.93). There was a significant difference between male and female students' attitudes in using social media technologies to support English language learning. Females mean scores were all higher than males and exhibited less dispersion as illustrated by the standard deviations. The difference in overall mean scores by gender was significant (p<0.05). Also, YouTube was the most social media technologies used by the students to support their English language learning. All the suggested predictors, including Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Subjective Norms, and Gender were significant determinants of the students' attitudes. Also, overall the students stated that social media technologies could be useful tools in supporting their English language learning. These technological tools could be seen as a reference tool to familiarise the students with new vocabulary and English varieties. Also, the students stated that using these technological tools to support English learning could make the language learning process more comfortable and enjoyable because it can suit different language learning preferences and reduce classroom anxiety. The students also stated that using social media allowed them to socialise and speak English with people around the world. As far as the instructors' responses are concerned, their overall attitudes were positive. They stated that social media are familiar tools to the students, can make learning English more comfortable, and could create an enjoyable learning environment. However, some potential concerns were raised, such as losing control of the classes, cultural norms effect, language complexity, and a possible negative impact on learning motivation. The majority of the instructors agreed that technology competence could be an obstacle facing some instructors in terms of using social media technologies to support their English language teaching. They also agreed that they often lack administrative support and the college's infrastructure administration could be barriers to adopting social media technologies. Future suggestions included using social media technologies as supportive or scaffolding tools in English learning and the integration of some activities from social media into the English curriculum were made by the instructors for successful adoption of social media to support English language teaching. Some tentative implications might be drawn from this study. It provided a rich insight into the use of social media technologies to support English language learning and teaching via student and teacher lenses. These insights have practical benefits for educational administrators and instructors in Saudi Arabia. However, more research on exploring students' and instructors' attitudes is needed with a greater consideration of the impact of gender and age differences.

Published
2021
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245. Key Factors Driving Physiotherapy Use in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Clinical Data Analysis.

Author

Alimam, Dalia M., Alqarni, Muteb J., Aljohani, Mawaddah H., Alqarni, Mohammed A., Alsubiheen, Abdulrahman M., and Alrushud, Asma S.

Subjects
*SAUDI Arabians, *LUMBAR pain, *MULTIPLE regression analysis, *PATIENTS' attitudes, *VALUE-based healthcare
Abstract

Background/objectives: Understanding the factors that influence physiotherapy (PT) service use among patients with nonspecific lower back pain (LBP) is necessary to optimize treatment strategies, healthcare resource allocation, and the planning of value-based initiatives. We report factors that influence the number of PT visits per episode of care (defined as a referral from a physician) for an LBP population in Saudi Arabia, and compare them with patients experiencing their first and recurrent episodes of LBP. Methods: LBP patients were retrospectively enrolled from a clinical dataset derived from an outpatient PT clinic in Saudi Arabia. The primary outcome variable was the number of PT visits performed per episode of care. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between the numbers of PT visits per episode of care and independent variables. Results: The number of PT sessions per week (β 0.34, p < 0.001), compliance with PT sessions (β 0.31, p < 0.001), and pre-pain scores (β 0.29, p < 0.001) explained 41.8% (adjusted R2 0.32) of the variance in the total number of PT visits per episode of care (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Factors that might improve value-based care for LBP patients are reported. The more PT sessions per week, compliance with these sessions, and higher baseline pain scores predict a higher number of PT visits per episode of care among these patients. While reported for a Saudi Arabian population, there is no reason to believe that these findings do not apply internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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246. First-aid knowledge and practices towards patients with epileptic seizures among the dental students in Saudi Arabia – A cross-sectional study.

Author

Al-Qahtani, Zainah, Mahmood, Syed Esam, Alshahrani, Mariam S., Alosaimi, Maram N., Bakri, Khulud Ali A., Alqarni, Shahd Mohammed, Alshehri, Ebtihaj, and Alqarni, Amal Merei M.

Subjects
PATIENT compliance, SOCIAL media, EPILEPSY, VAGUS nerve stimulation, PEOPLE with epilepsy, FIRST aid training
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background: Dental care of patients with epilepsy and seizures must be performed by dentists who are familiar with these disorders. Improper training and incapability to manage medical emergencies, including epileptic seizures, may cause thoughtful consequences and legal actions. Therefore, dental students must have a proper knowledge of the disease and its consequences. They should have the ability to provide first-aid measures helping a patient experiencing an epileptic seizure in their clinics. This study aims to evaluate the first-aid knowledge and practices towards patients with epileptic seizures among the dental students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting dental students in Saudi Arabia from 15 September 2022 to 15 December 2022 using convenience sampling. An online questionnaire was sent to the students via social media platforms for data collection. The data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Results: Of the 499 dental students included, 154 (30.86%) students had ever seen an epileptic patient in the clinics. About 16% of students did not know about performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on patients. The majority (66.5%) would call the ambulance after the patient's seizure stops. About 82% of students prefer to call an ambulance if the patients face difficulty breathing or waking up after the seizure. More than 60% of students were taking precautions before treating an epilepsy patient. About 58.5% of the students were using local anaesthesia for an epilepsy patient. Nearly 41.9% do not have the confidence to treat an epilepsy patient. About 28.0% would swipe the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) magnet over the left side of the chest. Of 154 students, who had ever seen epileptic patients, the majority (68.8%) refused to treat patients if they observe noncompliance with medication and follow-up among the patients who had any recent illness or seizures (16.2%). Conclusion: The undergraduate dental students had an intermediate knowledge regarding epilepsy and epileptic seizure first aid. However, some students lacked the confidence to deal with the epileptic cases in their clinics. Educational campaigns on epilepsy and first-aid courses targeting dental students are highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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