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Objective: Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent used to treat serious fungal infections mainly in critically ill patients. Despite its adverse effects including renal toxicity and electrolyte imbalances, amphotericin B remains one of the best choices for antifungal treatment. Information from animal studies has provided a strong scientific basis for the use of pentoxifylline as lowering nephroprotective agent. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline in preventing renal toxicity and electrolytes imbalances induced by amphotericin B. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial on 44 patients admitted to Sayyedoshohada Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from October 2016 to August 2018. Patients were assigned to one of the two groups: Pentoxifylline, 400 mg twice a day, or matching placebo, from the 1st day of amphotericin B therapy till minimum of 7 days. All patients' information including lab data (serum and urine levels of Mg, Na, and K, serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and urinary creatinine excretion) were gathered at the time of drug initiation and during the study period. The results were analyzed by SPSS v. 20 software and Repeated measures test was used to assess the differences between groups Findings: This study did not show any significant differences between the two groups in terms of all the assessed variables, including serum and urinary levels of electrolytes, and creatinine, as well as the number of cases presented acute kidney injury during the study period. Conclusion: Despite the positive effects of pentoxifylline in preventing renal complications in previous studies, this study could not show a definitive result in salt wasting or renal damage induced by amphotericin B. So, Designing robust studies with more included samples would be valuable.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women. The prevalence of PCOS among Iranian women is 14.6% based on the Rotterdam definition. PCOS can increase the risk of chronic metabolic complications. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important of them. Insulin resistance is fundamental in PCOS and MetS pathophysiology. MetS is a collection of chronic metabolic derangements, which promotes the risk of serious diseases such as cardiovascular disturbances and diabetes. The quality of diet is inversely correlated with obesity, which is one of the consequences of PCOS and it is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. As the first study, the present study aimed to compare the dietary intake of macronutrients in PCOS women with and without MetS. Methods: In this nested case-control study, the convenience sampling method was used to select participants. The case group included 14 PCOS patients with MetS and the control group included 28 PCOS patients without MetS. The investigated macronutrients included fats (total fat, saturated fatty acids, mono and polyunsaturated fats, trans fatty acids), carbohydrate, protein, and fibers (total and soluble). The dietary intake assessment was carried out by a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). This study was performed on Arash Women's Hospital under support of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, from August 2014 to September 2015. Results: Dietary intake of total fat was significantly higher in PCOS women with MetS than the control group (P

Background and Objectives: Marital relationship is one of the most stable interpersonal relationships and its impact on individuals and society is more than any other relationship. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Couple Therapy Gottman and Datilio Couple Therapy on improving the sexual satisfaction among couples. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study included all couples referred to the counseling clinics of Torbat Heydarieh city in 2018, among whom 168 (84 couples) volounteered to participate. Based on the G-power formula, the sample size was 90 (45 couple). The primary sampling method was non-random, but in the next step, a simple random sampling method, 90 subjects out of 168 were selected. Then, 15 couples participated in 14 weekly 45-90 minute sessions of Gottman's couple therapy, 15 couples participate in sessions based on Datiliou's treatment, and 15 couples did not receive any treatment. Data were collected via demographic questionnaire and sexual satisfaction Huddson questionnaire. Data were collected via SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants in the Datilio couples was 30.7 (7.6), Gottman's couples 31.6 (8.2), and the control group were 31.7 (8.4). The mean (SD) score of sexual satisfaction in the pre-test group of Datilio therapy group varied from 62.3 (13.8) to 78.9 (13.5) post-test and 77.2 (12.8) in the follow-up (P

The rocks of the Robaie area located in the Torud-Chahshirin belt and south of Damghan, includes the Eocene andesite and trachyandesite rocks in which subvolcanic igneous rocks as stoke and dyke with diorite, monzonite and monzodiorite porphyry composition are intruded. The main textures of volcanic rocks are porphyritic characterized by plagioclase, hornblende and biotite phenocrysts as well as apatite and zircon as minor minerals. The rocks studied are mainly of shoshonitic nature and only one sample is considered as high-K calc-alkaline. Several line of evidence including LILE and LREE enrichment, HREE and HFSE depletion, high Th/Yb with negative anomalies of Ti, Nb and the position of the samples on the tectonic discrimination diagrams indicate that the volcanic rocks in discussion were emplaced into the subduction zone related to an active continental margin setting. The initial 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd ratios and (εNd)i value of andesite are 0.704445, 0.512691 and 2.29, respectively. All of these evidences confirm that the studied volcanic rocks were generated from partial melting of the mantle wedge above the subduction zone. Petrographic observations along with geochemistry of rare earth and trace elements suggest that the calc-alkaline affinity of the rocks studied and their parent magma from a subducted-related environment as well as crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization

Abstract Tissue engineering, as an interdisciplinary approach, is seeking to create tissues with optimal performance for clinical applications. Various factors, including cells, biomaterials, cell or tissue culture conditions and signaling molecules such as growth factors, play a vital role in the engineering of tissues. In vivo microenvironment of cells imposes complex and specific stimuli on the cells, and has a direct effect on cellular behavior, including proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. Therefore, to create appropriate tissues, the conditions of the natural environment around the cells should be well imitated. Therefore, researchers are trying to develop biomimetic scaffolds that can produce appropriate cellular responses. To achieve this, we need to know enough about biomimetic materials. Scaffolds made of biomaterials in musculoskeletal tissue engineering should also be multifunctional in order to be able to function better in mechanical properties, cell signaling and cell adhesion. Multiple combinations of different biomaterials are used to improve above-mentioned properties of various biomaterials and to better imitate the natural features of musculoskeletal tissue in the culture medium. These improvements ultimately lead to the creation of replacement structures in the musculoskeletal system, which are closer to natural tissues in terms of appearance and function. The present review article is focused on biocompatible and biomimetic materials, which are used in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, in particular, cartilage tissue engineering.

Background: Hanging is a form of strangulation, in which the body is suspended through the neck and the weight of the body acts as a constricting force. This study assessed various factors on the outcome of hanging and identification of prognostic factors related to the outcomes. Methods: Ninety-nine hanging victims from 1995 to 2015 in Iran were evaluated; then, variables such as the cause of death, distribution of mortality, duration of hospitalization, substance abuse consumption, respiratory distress, and cerebral edema were studied in these people. Finally, the data were analyzed. Results: Major cases of suicide by hanging were men. In connection with prognosis, about 12% of the deaths occurred in men and about 21% were represented in women. More importantly, in the matter of suspension, the model was largely incomplete to complete. Also, the outcomes of pulmonary stress and cerebral edema were recognized in association with the type of hanging and mortality prognosis. Conclusion: Only two risk factors, including loss of consciousness at the time of entry into the medical center, as well as the complete suspension, would be predictive operations of death and unsuccessful revival.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in developing countries and the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Using the screening test, cancer can be detected in the early stages and, thus, mortality will be reduced. Also, the early detection of cervical cancer could affect survival rate and time. But, the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of this disease are usually accompanied by errors that deduct the success rate. Methods: In this study, a variety of common errors in the detection and treatment of cervical cancer were investigated by reviewing and evaluating scientific resources. Results: Studies show the different medical failures during sampling, preparation, review, and interpretation of the sample. On the other hand, inappropriate operation and errors in the treatment pathway are common errors after diagnosis. Because of the types of these errors, preparing the information of papers investigating the possible types of errors and observing accuracy will play a significant role in reducing the failures. Conclusion: Because of the fact that cervical cancer is fully curable with proper and timely diagnosis, the early diagnosis is important and it is the responsibility of doctors, pathologists, and surgeons in this area. Therefore, monitoring and preventing errors in the diagnosis and treatment is directly associated with a reduction in the mortality rate of the disease.

Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of implementing domestic truth-telling protocol on stress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients. Method: In this study, a semi-experimental design was used to examine the effect of truth-telling protocol implementation on psychological factors (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression) in cancer patients. A total of 60 cancer patients participated in this study, 30 of them in the intervention group (who informed their disease with truth-telling protocol) and 30 others in the control group (who informed their disease with usual way and without protocol). Patients’ psychological factors were compared in intervention and control groups, three and eight weeks after the cancer disclosure by depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21. Results: In this study, except higher stress level of patients in intervention compared to the control group, no statistically significant difference was seen in other variables three weeks after cancer disclosure (P=0.046, Z= -1.99). Eight weeks after the intervention, all variables were significantly lower in the intervention group (P=0.000, Z=-5.864; P= 0.000, Z=-0.651; P=0.000, Z=-5.351). Conclusion: Exercising truth-telling practice through implementing a localized culture-based protocol, especially after passing the initial acute phase of hearing the bad news, can lead to improved psychological factors in cancer patients.

Purpose: Combination of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) with topical antibiotics can lead to higher efficacy and less bacterial resistance, but it in turn increases adverse effects such as skin irritability and dryness. In this study, the efficacy of combination therapy of niosomal BPO 1% and clindamycin (CL) 1% is compared with niosomal CL in acne vulgaris. Methods: This is a double-blind clinical trial study on 100 patients with acne vulgaris in Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (case and control). The case group received niosomal combination of BPO 1% and CL 1%.The control group received niosomal CL1%. The efficacy of treatment protocols was evaluated in 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks of treatment by counting lesions (severity and grading acne lesions) and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, side effect were evaluated at each treatment visits. Results: The reduction in mean percentage of acne lesions in case group (treated with BPO 1% and CL1%) (64.21%) was higher than control group (treated with niosomal CL 1%) (59.04%), but the statistical difference was not significant. Sum of excellent and good results were found in 80% and 76.1% of case and control groups, respectively (P=0.377). Also adding BPO to the treatment formulation in case group did not increase adverse effects, as statistical difference between 2 groups was not significant. Conclusion: Combination of niosomal BPO 1% and CL 1% in treatment of acne vulgaris showed higher efficacy with no increase in adverse effects in comparison with niosomal CL 1%, but the statistical difference was not significant.

Abstract Objectives The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and therefore may be the only remnants of a dead body. The present study aims to investigate the role of several linear dimensions of the second cervical vertebrae measured by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Scanning (3D CT Scan) in height estimation of Iranian adult population. In this cross-sectional study, height determination was performed by measuring 15 indexes of the second cervical vertebrae. Indexes were obtained by screening cervical CT scan of 66 patients (33 males and 33 females) aged ≥ 18 years at Rasoul Hospital. Chi square, T student and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was considered to be

Plagiarism detection is the process of locating instances of plagiarism within a work or document. The main component of a plagiarism detection system is its text alignment algorithm aiming at detecting paraphrased passages of texts in a suspicious document, using a small set of candidate source documents. As text alignment algorithms are highly language-dependent, thus the numerous existing algorithms for other languages rather than Pesian cannot be employed for Persian plagiarism detection puposes. There are different text alignment algorithms for Persian text, while most of them are only able to detect exactly identical passages shared between texts. However, in many cases of plagiarism detection we are coping with the problem of finding similar pasaages that are already paraphrased. In this paper, we propose two new text alignment algorithms which are able to detect paraphrased texts in Persian language. The first one is a semantic algorithm that employs a dictionary to detect paraphrased sentences and the second one is a probabilistic algorithm that uses the statistical information obtained from a large corpus of Persian texts to detect similar texts. Compared to the other existing semantic text alignment algorithms, the proposed algorithms use different measures to check the similarity between the text sentences. Furthermore, the probabilistic algorithm is the first probabilistic text alignment algorithm proposed for the Persian language. Moreover, while all the existing text alignment algorithms check the similarity between any two sentences of the text separately, the proposed algorithms consider the similarity neighboring sentences in the text as well. The implementation results indicate that while the quality of both algorithms in detecting paraphrased texts is high enough and almost the same as each other, the proposed probabilistic method is more efficient than the proposed semantic algorithm, in terms of computation time.

Myeloid or granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor of immature granulocytic cells. This condition is rare and has a challenging diagnosis, relying on a high index of suspicion as well as radiology, histology, immunophenotyping, and molecular analyses. We herein report a case of a 25-year-old woman presented with vaginal bleeding and a large pelvic mass involving the vaginal and uterus. A biopsy and immunohistochemical examination of the mass revealed granulocytic sarcoma, and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. The patient was treated based on the standard chemotherapy followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from her full-matched sibling donor. After a 9-months follow-up, there was no notable complication, and the patient is now completely disease-free. Granulocytic sarcoma of the cervix is rare, and awareness of this entity is required for timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

Introduction The Cheshmeh Khuri area is located in the north of the Lut Block volcanic–plutonic belt, in eastern Iran, about 111 Km northwest of the city of Birjand. Extensive Tertiary magmatic activity in the Lut Block, is spatially and temporally associated with several types of mineralization events (Karimpour et. al., 2012). The episode of Middle Eocene to lower Oligocene (42–33 Ma) was very important in terms of magmatism and mineralization (Karimpour et. al., 2012). The North Khur area includes numerous cases of Cu±Pb±Zn vein-type mineralization, such as the Shikasteh Sabz, Mir-e-Khash, Rashidi, Shurk, Ghar-e-Kaftar, Howz-e-Dagh, as well as kaolin deposit (Cheshmeh Khuri area). We present and discuss alteration, ore petrography, geochemistry, fluid inclusion micro thermometry, and sulfur isotope geochemistry, which help clarify the ore genesis of the Cheshmeh Khuri area. Materials and methods The present study involves detailed field work and study of thin and polished sections from the intrusive rocks and ore samples under the optical microscope. Metal concentrations were analyzed at the IMPRC laboratory of Iran using the ICP-OES techniques on fifteen samples. Five samples were analyzed for Fire Assay analysis and four samples for XRD analysis at IMPRC laboratory of Iran. Twelve spot analyses (microanalyses) were performed on an X-ray Analytical Microscope at IMPRC laboratory. Doubly polished wafers (150 μm thick) were prepared from five samples taken from surface and trenches. Micro thermometric measurements were carried out using a Linkam THM 600 heating–freezing stage mounted on an Olympus TH4–200 microscope stage at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Two pyrite samples from quartz-sulfide veinlet were analyzed for the sulfur isotope compositions after careful hand picking and purification at Iso–Analytical limited, United Kingdom. Discussion and results The main alterations consists of propylitic, argillic, quartz-sericite-pyrite and silicified. The mineralization is mainly observed as vein and is disseminated in quartz-sericite-pyrite, argillic- silicified and propylitic alteration zones and is disseminated in the argillic alteration zone. Pyrite is the only primary sulfide mineral in the area. Due to the great influence of weathering processes on the primary ore, secondary sulphide and oxide mineralization (malachite, azurite, chalcocite, covellite, goethite, and hematite) are widely spread and have finally created lithocap (Sillitoe, 1993; Sillitoe et. al., 1998). The maximum anomalies of copper (654 ppm) and lead (1622 ppm) are associated with quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration. Primary fluid inclusions of quartz in paragenesis with mineralization in quartz-sericite-pyrite zone, argillic-silicified zone and calcite in paragnesis with mineralization in propylitic zone have an average of homogenization temperatures of 321°C, 305 °C and 263 °C, respectively. Based on freezing studies, the average calculated temperature of last melting point of these is equal to 12, 11.6 and 7.9 wt.% NaCl, respectively. Homogenization temperature and salinity of the fluids shows a shifting trend from relatively high in quartz-sericite-pyrite zone to relatively low homogenization temperatures in the propylitic zone, which can be due to physicochemical changes in the fluid such as cooling and mixing with meteoric water (Naden et al. 2005). According to the textural evidence, boiling has also been effective during the evolution of the fluid. The amount of δ34S for pyrite has a range between 2.35 to 2.46 and the amount of δ34 equilibrium with pyrite has a range of 1.25 to 1.36 that show a magmatic origin for sulfur (Ohmoto and Rye, 1979; Lesage, 2011). The expansion of propylitic and argillic alteration zones on the surface, the limited quartz-sericite -pyrite zone, the absence of potassic alteration, the existence of lithocap, geochemical anomalies, the range of temperature and salinity of the fluid inclusion can be indicative of the upper part of a porphyry copper system. References Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Stern, C.R. and Farmer, L., 2012. Petrogenesis of Granitoids, U–Pb zircon geochronology, Sr–Nd isotopic characteristic and important occurrence of Tertiary mineralization within the Lut Block, Eastern Iran. Journal of Economic Geology, 4(1): 1–27. (in Persian with English abstract) Lesage, G., 2011. Geochronology, Petrography, Geochemical constrain, and fluid characterization of the Buritica gold deposit. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alberta, Alberta, United State America, 152 pp. Naden, J., Killias, S.P. and Darbyshire, D.P.F., 2005. Active geothermal system with entrained seawater as modern analogs for transitional volcanic-hosted massive sulfide and continental magmato-hydrothermal mineralization: the example of Milos Island, Greece. Geology, 33(7): 541–544. Ohmoto, H. and Rye, R.O., 1979. Isotopes of sulfur and carbon: In: H.L. Barnes (Editor), Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, Wiley Interscience, New York, pp. 509–567. Sillitoe, R.H., 1993. Epithermal models: Genetic types, geometrical controls and shallow features. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper, 40(1): 403–417.

The clinically reported case of liver involvement with multiple myeloma (MM) is rare. Amyloidosis, defined as a tissue deposition of clonal light-chain fibrils, has been reported in 10-15% of the MM patients. We described a rare MM patient with the primal presentation of fulminant hepatic failure and biliary system involvement due to amyloidosis. Our patient had the primal symptoms of hyperbilirubinemia, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Chemotherapy with a standard regimen containing bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone was implemented and led to a dramatic response. Liver involvement due to light chain amyloidosis can be the first drastic presentation of MM. It is important to consider infiltrative disorders, like MM and amyloidosis, when patients present non-specific symptoms and impaired liver function tests. Proper and timely diagnosis can directly affect the prognosis of patients. The optimal approach in the standard management of similar cases is still a matter of debate.

One of the important issues both in the political discussion about climate change and in forest ecosystem research is carbon sequestration. In this paper, we estimated soil carbon sequestration (SCS) in two Persian oak forest stands of different origin (seed and coppice). Soil samples were taken at two soil depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and locations (under the tree crown and open area) in each oak stand. Results showed that surface layers (0-15 cm) had the highest soil carbon sequestration ranging from 41.2 t.ha-1 to 47.9 t.ha-1 for both oak forests. The total SCS was higher (between 79.5 and 89.07 t.ha-1) in open areas of the two forest stands than under the crowns of oak trees. Finally, the amount of total SCS in seed originated forest (SOF) (86.52 t.ha-1) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in coppice forest (CF) (77.70 t.ha-1). The results indicate that a relatively large proportion of C loss in CF is due to overgrazing, forest degradation and conversion to coppice forests in the study area.

Background: Opioid use disorder is a major concern to public health, and opioid maintenance treatment onmethadone or buprenorphine is a widely used approach. On the other hand, in recent years, there has beenmore regards for the use of opium tincture for detoxification and maintenance treatment of opioiddependence in certain parts of the world. The purpose of our research was to compare sexual impairments ofmethadone maintenance treatment (MMT), buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT), and opiumtincture maintenance treatment (OMT) in patients.Methods: The study sample consisted of opium-addicted men candidates for maintenance treatment in anaddiction quitting clinic in Tehran, Iran, from November 2017 to February 2018. Participants (n = 84) wererandomly assigned to three groups (of the equal number), receiving either methadone tablet, buprenorphinesublingual tablet, and opium tincture. The average score for sexual function was evaluated using the ArizonaSexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) at the beginning and after 3 months after treatment.Findings: Although there was no significant different in ASEX scores between the groups at the beginningand end of the study (P > 0.05), but the difference was significant in each group in comparing by themselves.Conclusion: These results showed that sexual dysfunction became better after opioid substitution therapies,and no differences were observed on sexual dysfunction between the three groups

Key Clinical Message Different mutations in glutamate receptor ionotropic delta 2 (GRID2) gene cause cerebellar ataxia in human. We report the largest homozygous deletion of the GRID2 gene reported to date, most probably causing complete loss of the gene product. Our patient presents mainly early onset cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, nystagmus, and developmental delay with the least amount of intellectual disability.

Introduction Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits are epigenetic zinc and lead deposits with minor copper hosted by dolostone, limestone, and locally sandstone in platform carbonate sequences inboard of major orogenic belts (Leach and Sangster, 1993; Leach et al., 2010). The Irankuh-Ahangaran Belt, which is the most important Pb-Zn mineralized zone of Iran, is situated within the Sanandaj-Sirjan tectonic zone. This belt is 400 km in length and 100 km in width. Three deposits including Irankuh mininig district, Ahangaran and Hosseinabad deposits were studied in this article (Fig. 1). The aim of this research is study of thermal gradient of subducted slab and age of formation of Pb-Zn deposits at Irankuh-Ahangaran belt, which is contrary information has been published so far on the type and their formation. Also, chemistry of ore-fluid in MVT deposits and impact of dolomitic and shale host rock on paragenesis, alteration, style, reserves and grade of deposits were discussed.These parameters will certainly be useful for exploration of the hidden MVT type deposits in the Irankou-Ahangan belt. Result and Discussion The Irankuh mineralization is hosted by Cretaceous dolostone and minor Jurassic shale rocks as epigenetic. The constructive thrust fault, which has been cut the Jurassic and Cretaceous host rocks, has played a major role in the rising of fluid and formation of mineralization. Mineralization is occurred as replacement and open space filling (fault breccia, veinlets and cavity of rock) in dolostone and breccia, veinlet and open space filling in shale host rock. The mineral assembelages are Fe-rich sphalerite, Fe- and Mn-rich dolomite, ankrite, galena, minor pyrite, bituminous, calcite ± quartz ± barite within carbonate host rocks, whereas quartz, pyrite, Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, minor chalcopyrite, low Fe-dolomite, bituminous, ± barite ± calcite are important primary minerals at clastic hos rocks (Karimpour et al., 2018). The Ahangaran deposit is very similar to Irankuh in host rock, alteration, paragenesis, and form of mineralization. Thrust fault has a constructive role for occurrence of mineralization and later destructive strike slip and normal faults have caused the displacement and destruction of mineralization. The Hosseinabad deposit is hosted by Jurassic shale, siltstone, and sandstone rocks as vein-veinlets, breccia and open space filling with structural control. Alteratin consists of silicification, chlorite, bituminous, and minor siderite, dolomite and ankerite similar to mineralization hosted by shale in Irankuh district. The mineral assemblages are galena, Fe-rich sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor phyrotite. Due to the lack of a proper dolostone unit in the Husseinabad deposit, mineralization is concentrated in particular areas with low-grade and low-reserves. Based on lithology, alteration, mineralization style, structural control by thrust faults, mineral paragenesis, and comparison with differnet types of Pb-Zn deposits, all deposits of Irankuh-Ahangaran belt are MVT-type. Deep-seated thrust faults formed during the early stages of subduction (~ 70 to 75 Ma), and played an important role in the upward migration of hydrothermal fluids from the basement to shallow depths. The geochronology of pyrite in Irankuh district based on Re-Os method indicate age of Irankuh Pb-Zn mineralization is 66.5 ± 1.6 Ma (Liu et al., 2019). Since the thrust faults have been cut the Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous rocks, and according to the absoulte age determined in Irankuh, the mineralization of this belt have been formed in the age range of 66 to 56 million years ago, mainly in the Paleocene (Fig. 15). Karimpour and Sadeghi (2018) suggested the hydrothermal fluid originated from the dehydration of a hot and young oceanic subducted slab, which liberated Pb, Zn, and other metals, and may have removed metals from rocks and organic material of the continental crust. More than 90% of all the water within the oceanic slab was released in the depth zone of the forearc region (depth of 30 to 50 km) (Karimpour and Sadeghi, 2018). In the depth zone, Mg-rich silicate minerals (such as antigorite, hornblende, chlorite, talc) have broken and the produced fluid is rich in Mg and Fe (Fig. 17). The ore-fluid of MVT deposits is Si-poor and Fe- and Mg- rich. Such fluid is mineralized on the hosts of the dolstone (Irankuh and Ahangaran) or Shale-Siltstone (Hossein Abad, and part of Irankuh and Ahangaran). There are significant differences in the type of paragenesis, alteration, shape, dimensions, reserves and grade in the deposits of this belt, which is controlled by the host rock type. Based on all lithological evidence, alteration, shape of mineralization, existence of thrust faults, mineral paragenesis and specific geological and geographic location, it can be used to exploration of the hidden MVT deposits in this belt. References Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Esmaeili Sevieri, A., Shabani, S., Allaz, J.M. and Stern, C.R., 2018b. Geology, mineralization, mineral chemistry, and ore-fluid conditions of Irankuh Pb-Zn mining district, south of Isfahan. Journal of Economic Geology, 9(2): 267–294. (in Persian with English abstract) Karimpour, M.H. and Sadeghi, M., 2018. Dehydration of hot oceanic slab at depth 30–50 km: KEY to formation of Irankuh-Emarat Pb-Zn MVT belt, Central Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 194: 88–103. Leach, D.L. and Sangster, D., 1993. Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits. Geological Association of Canadian. Specific Paper, 40: 289–314. Leach, D.L, Taylor, R.D., Fey, D.L., Diehl, S.F. and Saltus, R.W., 2010. A Deposit Model for Mississippi Valley-Type Lead-Zinc Ores, Chapter A of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–A., 64 pp. Liu, Y., Song, Y., Fard, M., Zhou, L., Hou, Z. and Kendricke, M.A., 2019. Pyrite Re-Os age constraints on the Irankuh Zn-Pb deposit, Iran, and regional implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 104: 148–159.

The Firouzeh mine is located in the Northwest of Neyshabour in the Khorasan Razavi province, Northeast of Iran, and eastern side of the Quchan-Sabzevar Cenozoic magmatic arc. Widespread magmatic activity in the Quchan-Sabzevar arc, is spatially and temporally associated with several types of mineralizations such as IOCG, Cu-Au porphyry and Kiruna types (Ghiasvand et al., 2016; Karimpour et al., 2011; Fatehi, 2014; Zarei et al., 2016). The aim of this investigation is to provide an understanding of the geology, alteration, mineralization, geochemistry, fluids evolution and genesis of the Firouzeh mine. Materials and methods Two hundred and fifty thin and polished sections were prepared for microscopic study. Twenty-nine samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method at the laboratory of Zar Azma company, Tehran, Iran. Twenty-one samples were analyzed by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method at the laboratory of Kansaran Binalood company, Tehran, Iran. Sixty samples were selected for 55-elemental analysis by composition of ICP-AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) and ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma Mass Spectrometry). Moreover, Sixty samples were selected for Au analysis by Aqua Regia Digestion at the SGS Laboratories, Canada. Six doubly polished sections of quartz mineralization were prepared for microthermometric analysis. Homogenization and last ice-melting temperatures were measured using a Linkam THMSG 600 combined heating and freezing stage at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Result The Firouzeh mine contains various Middle-Eocene subvolcanic rocks as dykes which have intruded into Paleocene-Eocene volcanic rocks. Important altrations consist of silicified, argillic and carbonate among which silicified is the most extensive. Primary minerals are magnetite, specularite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite and secondary minerals are hematite, alunite, covellite, turquoise and limonite. Mineralization has occurred in the cracks and fractures at the surface and in tunnels, mainly as disseminated, stockwork, vein-veinlet and hydrothermal breccia. Geochemical explorations showed anomalies of copper (up to ppm 1074), gold (up to ppb 699), iron (up to over percent 30), cerium (up to ppm 464), lanthanum (up to ppm 227), uranium (up to ppm 243) and cobalt (up to over ppm 10000) that has many similarities with IOCG type deposits (Corriveau, 2007; Zamora and Castillo, 2001; Marschik et al., 2000(. Fluid inclusions are relatively simple liduid+vapor types, with homogenization temperature from 147 to 278ºC and average temperature of 203ºC and Salinity containing 5.56 to 17.08 wt. percent NaCl equiv. which has resulted from fluids with KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl compositions. Mixing process between hot and saline fluid with cold and low saline fluid and also, boiling process can caused deposition of elements. Discussion Firouzeh mineral deposit has magmatic-hydrothermal source and is related to tertiary magmatic activities of subduction of Neothetys Sabzevar oceanic crust beneath the Turan crust. Fluid mixing has played an important role for precipitation during mineralization and includes the source of hot and saline magmatic fluids with high contents of metallogenic elements and the mixing with cold and low saline meteoric waters resulting in the formation of deposit (Bastrakov et al., 2007; Simard et al., 2006; Wilkinson, 2001; Beane, 1983). Based on geological characteristics, alteration, mineralization, geochemistry, geophysics and fluid inclusion studies, Firouzeh mine is a great mineralization of iron oxide copper-gold-U-LREE which has similarities to the hematite-dominant section of Olympic Dam IOCG deposit. Acknowledgments The Research Foundation of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, supported this study (Project No. 3/18303). We would like to thank the Iranian mineral processing research center and laboratories of Zar Azma, Kansaran Binalood, ACME and SGS. We also thank rural cooperation of Firouzeh mine for its liaison in field survey. References Bastrakov, E.N., Skirrow, R.G. and Davidson, G.J., 2007. Fluid evolution and origins of Iron Oxide Cu-Au prospects in the Olympic Dam district, Gawler craton, South Australia. Economic Geology, 102(8): 1415–1440. Beane, R.E., 1983. The Magmatic-Meteoric Transition. Geothermal Resources Council, California, Report 13, 253 pp. Corriveau, L., 2007. Iron oxide copper gold deposits: A Canadian perspective. In: W. Goodfellow (Editor), Mineral deposit of Canada: A synthesis of major deposit- types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods. Geological Association of Canada Mineral deposits Division, Vancouver, pp. 307–328. Fatehi, H., 2014. Geology, mineralization and geochemistry of Jalambadan deposit, NW Sabzevar. M.Sc. Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 240 pp. (in Persian) Ghiasvand, A., Karimpour, M.H., Heidarian Shahri, M.R. and Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., 2016. Mineralization and ground magnetic survey for mineralization prospecting and identify of intrusive bodies in the Neyshabour Firouzeh mine, Khorasan Razavi province. Journal of Advanced Applied Geology, 20(6): 86–103. (in Persian) Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Sfandiarpour, A. and Mohammadnejad, H., 2011. Neyshabour turquoise mine: The first IOCG-U-REE. Journal of Economic Geology, 2(3): 193–216. (in Persian) Marschik, R., Leveille, R.A. and Martin, W., 2000. La Candelaria and the Punta del Cobre district, Chile, Early Cretaceous iron oxide Cu-Au (-Zn-Ag) mineralization. In: T.M. Porter (Editor), Hydrothermal iron oxide copper-gold and related deposits, A global perspective. Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide, pp. 163–175. Simard, M., Beaudoin, G., Bernard, J. and Hupe, A., 2006. Metallogeny of the Mont-de-l’Aigle IOCG deposit, Gaspé Peninsula, Québec, Canada. Mineralium Deposita, 41(6): 607–636. Wilkinson, J.J., 2001. Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos, 55(1–4): 229–272. Zamora, R. and Castillo, B., 2001. Mineralizacio´ n de Fe-Cu-Au en el distritoMantoverde, Cordillera de la Costa, III Regio´n de Atacama, Chile. Proc 2ndCongrInt de Prospectores y Exploradores, Inst de Ingenieros de Minas del Peru´, Lima, Peru. Zarei, A., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A. and Karimpour, M.H., 2016. Geochemistry and genesis of iron-apatite ore in Khanlogh deposit, eastern Cenozoic Quchan-Sabzevar magmatic arc, NE Iran. Acta Geologica Sinica, 90(1): 121–137.

The human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and other disorders, including a slowly progressive demyelinating paraparesis, known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Dermatologic manifestations are common in patients infected with HTLV-1 infection. In this study, we evaluated the dermatologic lesions associated with HAM/TSP patients in Mashhad, Iran. Dermatological findings of 37 patients with HAM/TSP were investigated and compared with those of an HTLV-1 negative control group. A cutaneous biopsy was performed as needed, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results of the present study showed that 34 cases with HAM/TSP (91.9%) and 24 cases in the control group (64.9%) had at least one skin lesion or history of skin lesion before (P=0.010). Xerosis was found in 22 persons (59.5%) in the case group and 4 persons in the control group (10.8%) (P=0.000). Only xerosis was significantly associated with HAM/TSP. Skin manifestations were quite frequent in patients with HAM/TSP. Xerosis was significantly associated with HAM/TSP.

Introduction: Flavonoids include a large number of plant-based polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-estrogenic, anti-mutation, and anti-proliferative effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between endometriosis and dietary flavonoid intake among Iranian women referring to Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran,from May 2016 to February 2017. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 156 women (78 women diagnosed with endometriosis after laparoscopy and 78 healthy women) in Arash Hospital. The dietary data of the subjects were obtained using a 147-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire a year before the interview. The USDA tables were used to determine the type and amount of flavonoids per 100 g of each food item. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square، t-tests, and logistic regression model. Result: After the adjustments of the confounding variable, it was revealed that individuals who had a higher intake of total flavonoids ‎(P=0.001)‎ were less likely to have endometriosis‎. Among the subgroups of flavonoids, the only intake of flavanone ‎(P=0.04)‎ was significantly associated with ‎endometriosis risk. Regarding different food groups, flavonoid was significantly lower in the dairy product ‎(P=0.02), adviser ‎(P=0.001), and fruit ‎(P=0.03), compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: Regarding the influence of flavonoid intake on endometriosis pathogenesis, it can be concluded that a higher intake of flavonoids can contribute to the prevention and control of endometriosis. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct counseling sessions about the benefits of flavonoid intake for such patients.

Background: The larval stage of the tapeworm (cestode) Echinococcus granulosus is the etiological agent of hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis, which is the zoonotic parasitic disease causing morbidity and mortality in both humans and livestock. Due to a lack of accurate data on the human isolates of E. granulosus in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, the current study aimed to survey the population genetic pattern of cystic echinococcosis isolated from humans by sequencing the mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1). Methods: Overall, 47 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPT) blocks were collected from patients' files in various pathology departments of Mazandaran Province in Iran from 2003 to 2015. PCR was performed to amplify a 398bp DNA fragment of mitochondrial nad1. PCR products were sequenced by Bioneer Corporation (South Korea), and the resulting data were analyzed via relevant software to determine the genotypes. Results: The nad1 gene was successfully amplified on 10 from all of the E. granulosus isolates. Overall, 66.6% and 33.3% of the isolates in the studied area displayed the G1 and G2-G3 genotypes, respectively. Conclusion: This study may provide the foundation for further studies in revealing the regional transmission patterns and also in designing adequate control procedures.

The Tannurjeh porphyry Au-Cu prospect area is located in the northeastern Kashmar, the Khorasan Razavi province, and central of the Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan magmatic belt. Geologically, the area is dominated by the Tertiary rhyolitic-rhyodacitic volcanic rocks, which are intruded by monzonitic to dioritic subvolcanic intrusive rocks. The texture in the most of the study igneous rocks is porphyry with fine groundmass and the main minerals are plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende and magnetite. The monzonitic intrusions are the source of widespred mineralization and alteration, whereas the diorite is the later phase, which is devoid of mineralization. Using zircon U-Pb method, the age of monzonitic intrusive was determined at 39.8 Ma (Middle Eocene), geochemically as well as mineralogically, the igneous rocks of the area are calc-alkaline granitoids belonging to magnetite series (I-type) which were developed in subduction tectonic setting. The LREE enrichment relative to HREE and enrichment in K, Rb, Cs, Th, and U in comparison to Ti and Nb elements are observed in all of the samples studied. Eu negative anomalies and low Sr/Y ratios can be attributed to the presence of residual plagioclase in the source. (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.705673 and 0.705158), (143Nd/144Nd)i (0.512524 and 0.512570), and εNdi (-1.22 and -0.32) values indicate magma is derived from mantle wedge above subducted slab, which is assimilated with upper crust. Finally, the Eocene is an important metallogenic episode, particuarly for Au and Cu, in NE of Iran.

The mitigation of electromagnetic pollution is becoming an increasing issue due to the proliferation and miniaturization of electronic components. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields must be considered to bring about electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), where analyzing the shielding effectiveness (SE) is of great importance. Graphene-enhanced polymer composite materials are recently introduced as a replacement for metal-based EMI shielding materials due to their low cost, resistance to corrosion, lightweight, versatile, and straightforward processability, as well as broad bandwidth properties compared to conventional metal-based materials. The SE can be determined from the bulk material properties, including permittivity, permeability, and conductivity, using analytical or numerical solutions to Maxwell's equations. Though, Due to the heterogeneity of graphene-based polymer composites, characterization of these values remains difficult. This article attempts to summarise and critically review the state-of-the-art progress in the fabrication and characterization of these materials. Also, this review elaborates on accurate modelling techniques based on the underlying micromechanics, e.g., percolation, electron tunnelling, agglomeration, imperfect interface, frequency-dependent nanocapacitance and electron hopping. The model is designed to predict the electromagnetic properties of the nanocomposite from the pre-determined properties of the polymer matrix and carbon-based filler. This understanding may ultimately lead to the development of graphene/polymer composites with optimized EMI shielding properties to develop emerging EMI shielding materials. This paper focuses heavily on Graphite Nanoplatelet (GnP)/Epoxy as the choice of graphene/polymer.

We explore a class of ϕ4n models with kink and antikink solutions that have long-range tails on both sides, specializing to the cases with n=2 and n=3. A recently developed method of an accelerating kink ansatz is used to estimate the force between the kink and the antikink. We use state-of-the-art numerical methods to initialize the system in a kink-antikink configuration with a finite initial velocity and to evolve the system according to the equations of motion. Among these methods, we propose a computationally efficient way to initialize the velocity field of the system. Interestingly, we discover that, for this class of models, ϕ4n with n>1, the kink-antikink annihilation behaves differently from the archetypal ϕ4 model or even the kinks with one long-range tail because there is neither long-lived bion formation nor resonance windows and the critical velocity is ultrarelativistic.

Introduction: Lumbar vertebral dimensions can be considered as a criterion to diagnose unidentified individuals with severe burning or corpses. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender, age, and height using the parameters of fourth lumbar vertebral (L4). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 106 volunteers. Lumbar diameters of L4 were measured in the two sagittal and horizontal sections by three-dimensional CT scan with reconstruction and volume rendering. The measured parameters were Upper end plate depts (EPD); Upper end plate widths (EPW); Anterior height of vertebral body (VBH); Foramen diameter (depts.) (FDS); Foramen diameter (widths) (FDC); Pedicle height (PH); Pedicle widths (PW); Articular process height (APH); Maximum distance between (ADM); Transverse process distance (TDM); Spinal process height (SPH); Spinal process lengths (SPL); and Vertebral lengths (VL). These parameters were compared. The relationship of each parameter was evaluated with age, height and gender. Results: Totally, the mean parameters of L4 was higher in men compared to women, but this difference was not significant in FDS, APHI, and SPL. In the study of the correlation of diameters with age, only EPD and SPL parameters were significant, but in the linear regression model to predict age, only the FDS index showed a significant relationship. All parameters except APHS, APHI, SPL, and VL showed a significant and positive correlation with height. But in the linear regression model to predict height, only a significant relationship was reported for EPD. Conclusion: It was shown that the parameters of the fourth lumbar vertebra can be helpful to determine the age, height, and gender.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of warm-blooded species. This study aimed to obtain further information on the role of T. gondii infection in ruminant abortion (sheep, goats and cattle) using bioassay and PCR methods in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Methods: Overall, 104 aborted fetuses (52 bovine, 48 ovine, 4 caprine) were collected at different stages of gestation during the lambing seasons in various parts of Mazandaran Province from Mar 2016 to May 2017. Brains of 104 aborted fetuses were bioassayed in female BALB/c mice. DNA was extracted from all brain samples using phenol-chloroform-isoamyl Alcohol instructions. RE gene was used for detection all of T. gondii DNA by conventional PCR assay. Results: The results of the bioassayed samples were negative because no tachyzoites or cyst were observed in the peritoneal and brain specimens of the mice. The detection of T. gondii DNA was confirmed by observation of a 529 bp band in 15 out of 104 fetuses (14.4%). The highest prevalence rate of T. gondii detected from sheep (16.6%) followed by cattle (13.4%) and goats (0%). The highest prevalence of the infection was observed in east area, while the lowest prevalence of the infection was observed in west area. Conclusion: T. gondii infection may partly be responsible for abortion and economic losses in livestock husbandry in this region. Therefore, further additional researches such as genotyping T. gondii and designing control strategies for improving management in livestock flocks are necessary.

Megaloblastic anemia is a common disorder with various manifestations. Of the many causes, cobalamin or folate deficiency can eventuate into megaloblastic anemia. It can lead to pancytopenia and mild to moderate splenomegaly, but massive splenomegaly rarely seen in this situation. We describe a 39-year-old woman with marked enlargement of the spleen and pancytopenia that was found to have megaloblastic anemia. The splenomegaly and blood count resolved 4 months after initiation of vitamin B12 therapy. It is important to know massive splenomegaly may occur in megaloblastic anemia, and although it is rare, bur can reversible with early treatment.

Background: Identification of victims is one of the main challenges of forensic medicine. Height is one of the key measurements of the biological profiles of individuals. This study aimed to evaluate height based on measuring three-dimensional CT scan indices of twelfth thoracic (T12), first lumbar (L1), and fifth lumbar (L5) vertebrae in Iranian adults. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study performed on 100 patients who underwent a spinal CT scan. Vertebral T12, L1, and L5 indices were measured in these individuals. Finally, the evaluated indices were statistically compared and the diagnostic effect of each was evaluated to estimate the height. Independent t-test and linear regression were used using SPSS software v. 21. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that the mean difference between T12, L1, and L5 indices in the two groups of male and female patients was statistically significant. With one unit increase in the Transverse process distance T 12 (TDM T12), there is an increase of 0.42 units in height (P=0.02). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the measurements of the T12, L1, and L5 vertebral indices have a significant relationship with gender. Among the measurements of the T12, L1, and L5 vertebral indices, just TDM T12 can be a predictive factor to estimate the height of the Iranian population.

More than half of the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050, it is expected that this proportion will reach almost 68%. These densely populated cities consume more than 75% of the world’s primary energy and are responsible for the emission of around 70% of anthropogenic carbon. Providing sustainable energy for the growing demand in cities requires multifaceted planning approach. In this study, we modeled the energy system of the Greater Montreal region to evaluate the impact of different environmental mitigation policies on the energy system of this region over a long-term period (2020–2050). In doing so, we have used the open-source optimization-based model called the Energy–Technology–Environment Model (ETEM). The ETEM is a long-term bottom–up energy model that provides insight into the best options for cities to procure energy, and satisfies useful demands while reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Results show that, under a deep decarbonization scenario, the transportation, commercial, and residential sectors will contribute to emission reduction by 6.9, 1.6, and 1 million ton CO2-eq in 2050, respectively, compared with their 2020 levels. This is mainly achieved by (i) replacing fossil fuel cars with electric-based vehicles in private and public transportation sectors; (ii) replacing fossil fuel furnaces with electric heat pumps to satisfy heating demand in buildings; and (iii) improving the efficiency of buildings by isolating walls and roofs.

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a known complication of cardiac interventions. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-pharmacological method which has a nephroprotective effect. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a suitable biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CI-AKI after RIPC in patients undergoing coronary angiography, through assessment of CysC. Patients and Methods: Around 140 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing angiography were randomly allocated to two groups of RIPC and control groups. In each group, the following biomarkers were assessed: serum creatinine (Cr) and CysC at baseline, 24-hour and 48-hour serum Cr and 24-hour CysC. The endpoint was the development of AKI based on either the KDIGO criteria or a 15% increase in serum CysC. Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the incidence of AKI according to either KIDIGO criteria or by the increase of serum CysC (P =0.116 and P =0.392, respectively). Moreover, a 46.99% increase in CysC level was observed among patients with AKI during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while at the same interval, it increased only 16.01% in patients without AKI. Conclusion: RIPC with three cycles of 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion, did not decrease serum CysC based CI-AKI or alter renal biomarkers course in patients with low risk, who underwent coronary angiography.

Intellectual Disability (ID) is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and behavioral adaptations. Patients with ID have a wide range of problems affecting the quality of life in these cases and their parents, as well.

Eukaryotes have evolved various quality control mechanisms to promote proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Selective removal of certain ER domains via autophagy (termed as ER-phagy) has emerged as a major quality control mechanism. However, the degree to which ER-phagy is employed by other branches of ER-quality control remains largely elusive. Here, we identify a cytosolic protein, C53, that is specifically recruited to autophagosomes during ER-stress, in both plant and mammalian cells. C53 interacts with ATG8 via a distinct binding epitope, featuring a shuffled ATG8 interacting motif (sAIM). C53 senses proteotoxic stress in the ER lumen by forming a tripartite receptor complex with the ER-associated ufmylation ligase UFL1 and its membrane adaptor DDRGK1. The C53/UFL1/DDRGK1 receptor complex is activated by stalled ribosomes and induces the degradation of internal or passenger proteins in the ER. Consistently, the C53 receptor complex and ufmylation mutants are highly susceptible to ER stress. Thus, C53 forms an ancient quality control pathway that bridges selective autophagy with ribosome-associated quality control in the ER.

Abstract Graphene has become an important research focus in many current fields of science including composite manufacturing. Developmental work in the field of graphene‐enhanced composites has revealed several functional and structural characteristics that promise great benefits for their use in a broad range of applications. There has been much interest in the production of multiscale high‐performance, lightweight, yet robust, multifunctional graphene‐enhanced fiber‐reinforced polymer (gFRP) composites. Although there are many reports that document performance enhancement in materials through the inclusion of graphene nanomaterials into a matrix, or its integration onto the reinforcing fiber component, only a few graphene‐based products have actually made the transition to the marketplace. The primary focus of this work concerns the structural gFRPs and discussion on the corresponding manufacturing methodologies for the effective incorporation of graphene into these systems. Another important aspect of this work is to present recent results and highlight the excellent functional and structural properties of the resulting gFRP materials with a view to their future applications. Development of clear standards for the assessment of graphene material properties, improvement of existing materials and scalable manufacturing technologies, and specific regulations concerning human health and environmental safety are key factors to accelerate the successful commercialization of gFRPs.

Development of new medicine with fewer deleterious effects and more efficacies for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is needed. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists have exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory features in vitro and in vivo. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of alosetron, a 5-HT3R antagonist, on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Two h subsequent to induce colitis (intracolonic instillation of TNBS, 50 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats, alosetron (1 mg/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), meta-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG, a 5-HT3R agonist, 5 mg/kg), or alosetron + mCPBG were administrated intraperitoneally for 6 days. Animals were thereafter sacrificed and the efficacy of drugs was evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically (myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta) on distal colon samples. Treatment with alosetron and dexamethasone improved macroscopic and microscopic colonic damages significantly and decreased myeloperoxidase activity and colonic levels of inflammatory cytokines. The profitable effects of alosetron were antagonized by concurrent administration of mCPBG. Our data provided evidence that the protective effects of alosetron on TNBS-induced colitis can be mediated by 5- HT3R.

Background: Normal cephalogram parameters seem to be gender discriminative and thus applicable in forensic medicine. We assessed validity of cephalogram parameters in gender identification among the Iranian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 Iranian men and 75 Iranian women aged 25 to 54 years. On their first admission, the physicians requested for simple lateral skull X-ray for all participants. Results: Using area under the ROC curve, gonion-gonion index (AUC=0.741) and vertexmention index (AUC=0.697) had a moderate value to discriminate male from female gender, while other parameters lacked enough power to differentiate gender. The best cut-off point in gonion-gonion index for discriminating male from female gender was 103.75 with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 65.3%. Also, the best cut-off value for vertex-mention index to differentiate two genders was 244.75 with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 62.7%. By considering two parameters of gonion-gonion and vertex-mention, it is possible to differentiate males from females with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 71.8%. Conclusion: The two gonion-gonion and vertex-mention indices on cephalogram are applicable for gender discrimination.

In this study, oxytetracycline removal from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared using corn stalks has been investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of main variables; adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, and initial oxytetracycline concentration on the efficiency of adsorption efficiency were investigated. Results confirmed the effects of main variables and the maximum removal of antibiotic (99.9 %) achieved at initial concentration of 10 mg/L, pH of 9, and contact time of 60 min, when adsorbent dose was 1.5 g. The results of isotherm and kinetic studies showed that the oxytetracycline adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from corn stalks follows Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.98) and pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99). The maximum adsorption capacity of oxytetracycline was 522.6 mg/g. In brief, the activated carbon that has been prepared from corn stalks as low cost, non-toxic and environment friendly adsorbent shows a good ability for removal of oxytetracycline form water and wastewater.

Background: Stature and gender are essential parameters of forensic anthropology. Moreover, their estimation is critical for medico-legal investigations to identify unknown remains. The present study aimed to estimate stature and gender by the anthropometric dimensions of the Iranian population’s third, fourth, and fifth fingers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 199 individuals (99 men & 100 women) were included. Individuals’ demographic information was recorded. A caliper measured the length of the fingers. An anthropometer was used for the measurement of stature. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. A multivariate linear regression test was used to predict the stature of individuals based on finger length. Results: In males and females, a solid and positive direct relationship was observed between the length of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers of the hand with the stature of individuals and between the length of the fingers with each other. In the coefficient table of the regression model of this study, in males, the length of the fingers was not predictive of stature, and only the length of the third finger in females had a predictive effect on stature (P=0.007). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, stature is predictable in women through the third finger length using the derived regression equation.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a major treatment of catatonia; and catatonia development during electroconvulsive therapy is a highly surprising phenomenon. We present a patient with bipolar disorder who developed catatonia during ECT. Case Reports: A 21-year-old woman, with a known case of bipolar disorder in manic phase without psychotic feature, history of long acting antipsychotic use, and severe B12 deficiency, was treated with ECT. Full catatonia syndrome developed after the fifth session of ECT. Conclusion: In rare cases, catatonia can develop during ECT course in the presence of some precipitating factors. Thus, these precipitating factors should be eliminated as much as possible before the start of ECT course to prevent catatonia development.