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Aim: To study the effect of the Device for wave influence on biological objects on the prevention of the development of acute radiation sickness and chronic radiation syndrome in vivo. Materials and Methods: The studies were performed on white rats irradiated at a dose of 8 Gy. The experimental group of irradiated rats was treated with a wave Device (Patent of Ukraine No. 53568) once, for 2.5 min, 1.5 h after irradiation. Their organs were processed by standard histologic methods. Results: In the demagnetized rats, dystrophic changes in cells and tissues of liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, bone marrow and spleen were insignificant in 60 days compared to the control non-demagnetized group of animals. Conclusion: The Device reduced the magnetic charge of magneto-containing elements and their compounds in the organism of the irradiated animals, and decreased the formation of reactive oxygen species, which play a key role in the development of radiation-induced diseases.

To date, simple and operative electrochemical methods are widely used to study antioxidant properties of various biological objects. One of them is the amperometric method, which is used in various fields of science, technology and medicine to determine the antioxidant activity (AOA) of various beverages, extracts and biological fluids, as well as the total content of antioxidants (AOs) present in them. Measurements of AOA (electrochemical oxidability) of some known individual AO and their mixtures by the amperometric method was performed in the present work. The coefficients of their oxidability were determined. The AOA values obtained correlate well with the AOA of these compounds measured by other methods. The coincidence of the experimental values of AOA and the values calculated with the use of the coefficients of oxidability for each component of the mixture was observed for most combinations of binary mixtures of used AOs. This indicates the absence of interaction between them (synergism or antagonism) during the oxidation. Several mixtures with a lower value of the measured AOA compared with the calculated value (antagonism) represented the exception. During the electrochemical oxidation of the “oxidized glutathione + ascorbic acid” mixture, partial reduction of glutathione by ascorbic acid is likely to proceed, which results in an excess of the measured AOA value over the calculated value. The results obtained may be useful when working with devices based on the amperometric method.

The paper presents results of experimental biotechnological research that has been carried out at the Nanotechnological Center of the Central Research Institute of Structural Materials Prometey. This includes development of gradient functional coatings (bactericidal, anticorrosion, catalytically active) and defense systems for biological objects against negative influence of magnetic and electromagnetic radiation; high-speed shock wave treatment of medicines, phytomaterials, and alimentary, fodder, and medical products; and laser technologies for creating hybrid biomimetic compositions.

The cumulative applied climate indices SAT and SET used in the Russian literature are considered in detail. These indices differ in calculation methods and, consequently, their values differ in different regions. The example is presented of the incorrect use of these indices by some authors for studying biological objects which leads to false conclusions. The method of calculation of the foreign applied climate index GDD is given. This index corresponds to the Russian index SET, and its interpretation as a counterpart of SAT is wrong.

The relevance of the study is determined by the development of the fishing industry and, as a result, aquaculture farms in the Far East of the Russian Federation. Far Eastern sea cucumber (tre-pang) is considered as one of the objects of aquaculture, which is of a great demand in the market of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The aim of the work is to substantiate the expedi-ency of obtaining food products for healthy nutrition from the Far Eastern sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). The paper presents the assessment results of the physical, chemical, biological and microbiological properties of sea cucumbers grown in the North-ern bay of Khasansky district of Primorsky Krai. The mass com-position of cucumbers produced in the spring and autumn periods is given. In addition to the general chemical composition, the con-tent of such physiologically valuable substances as triterpene gly-cosides, aminosugar (glucosamine, galactosamine) in the sea cu-cumber's muscle tissues was studied. The high biological potency of these components makes it possible to assign the Far Eastern sea cucumber to valuable biological objects. In general, the results of experimental studies on the evaluation of the mass, chemical composition and safety parameters of the Far Eastern sea cu-cumber confirm the expediency of obtaining physiologically useful food products from it.

A device was developed for searching of optimal parameters for the treatment of biological objects by an alternating magnetic field, where the optimal parameters are determined through automated analysis of the dependencies of the physical characteristics of biological liquids obtained from those biological objects on the frequency and strength of the field.

A method for determining and correcting distortions in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images caused by medium dispersion was developed. The method is based on analysis of the phase distribution of the interference signal recorded by an optical coherence tomography device using an iterative approach to find and compensate for the effect of a medium’s chromatic dispersion on point-spread function broadening in optical coherence tomography. This enables compensation of the impact of medium dispersion to an accuracy of a fraction of a radian (units of percent) while avoiding additional measurements and solution of the optimization problem. The robustness of the method was demonstrated experimentally using model and biological objects.

Topicality. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (peritol) is an antihistaminic drug with an antiserotonin effect, which prevents development and facilitates the course of allergic reactions. The drug is characterized by antipruritic, antiexudative, anticholinergic and sedative effects. According to the literature sources, the drug can cause intoxication of the body and the lethal effects of overdosing, self-medication and in cases of suicide. The elaboration of highly sensitive and selective methods for the study of cyproheptadine, suitable for analysis in biological objects is an actual task. Aim. To study the elaboration of algorithm for the directed analysis of cyproheptadine in biological extracts by HPLC and TLC methods. Materials and methods. TLC studies were performed using 16 mobile solvent systems and three types of chromatographic plates. To identify the cyproheptadine were applied universally visualization conditions. HPLC studies were performed on a microcolumn liquid chromatograph “Milichrom A-02” (RPA “EkoNova” Novosibirsk, Russia) in a reversed-phase variant using a metal column with a non-polar sorbent Prontosil 120-5C 18 AQ. Results and discussion. TLC conditions for purifying cyproheptadine from biogenic impurities and its identification have been established. Based on the results of the studies, the behavior of cyproheptadine by the HPLC method was studied. Identification was carried out using retention parameters, spectral relationships, and quantitative determination using the absolute calibration method. The method is validated by parameters – range of linearity, limit of detection and quantitative determination, accuracy and precision. Conclusions. It was established that the most suitable TLC conditions for CTA of cyproheptadine are: mobile solvent systems – ethyl acetate-methanol-25 % solution ammonium hydroxide (85 : 10 : 5), glass plates of firm “Merk” ( Rf cyproheptadine = 0.50-0.55) and methanol, methanol-n-buthanol (60 : 40), Sorbphil-PTCX-AF-A ( Rf cyproheptadine = 0.55-0.58). It is established that the HPLC-method may determine cyproheptadine in a concentration range of 10.0-200.0 µg/ml. The relative uncertainty of the average result is ± 2.05 %. An algorithm for the direct analysis of cyproheptadine in biological extracts by HPLC and TLC methods has been developed.

Visible light is a necessary condition for the existence of life on the Earth. The food and oxygen consumed by humans, directly or mediately, are products of photosynthesis: conversion of light energy into the energy of chemical bonding in organic matter. Visible light not only provides photosynthesis in plants; it is also involved in the regulation of many reactions (from molecular to behavioral) in the animal world. This review is devoted to the questions concerning the role of light in the life of biological objects and the physical mechanisms of interaction of visible light with matter. The effect of light on the molecular and physiological reactions of a human and its microflora is analyzed. The existing methods and the application potential of light effects in diagnostics and therapy are considered.

The possibility of application of the vibrational and acoustic SFCO sensors for investigation of biomedical signals is discussed. The applicability of such sensors to register the muscle activity of vocalization apparatus of larynx and the prospect of their use for the research of the cardiovascular system are demonstrated. The physical principles and advantages of the SFCO sensors in biomedical investigations are also discussed.

In the review possible sources of dNA in sweat and fat substance are provided, and skin of the person is considered not only as a source of biological allocations, but also as a specific surface on which there is a possibility of detection of foreign imposings of a biological origin. The analysis of the existing methods of detection, fixing, collection, transportation and the subsequent molecular and genetic research dNA-containing of sweat and fat substance of the person is carried out. Approach to interpretation of results of genotyping of the biological objects containing small amount of genetic material is determined.

Fluorine-19 has high NMR detection sensitivity—similar to that of protons, owing to its large gyromagnetic ratio and high natural abundance (100%). Unlike protons, however, fluorine-19 (19F) has a negligible occurrence in biological objects, as well as a more sensitive chemical shift. As a result, in vivo 19F NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging offer advantages of negligible background signal and sensitive reporting of the local molecular environment. Here we report on NMR hyperpolarization of 19F nuclei using reversible exchange reactions with parahydrogen gas as the source of nuclear spin order. NMR signals of 3-fluoropyridine were enhanced by ~100 fold, corresponding to 0.3% 19F nuclear spin polarization (at 9.4 T) using ca. 50% parahydrogen. While future optimization efforts will likely significantly increase the hyperpolarization levels we already demonstrate the utility of 19F hyperpolarization for high-resolution hyperpolarized 19F imaging and hyperpolarized 19F pH sensing.

Promising biological objects containing the maximum amounts of lipids were selected for further study based on an analysis of published studies on the quantitative and qualitative composition of lipids accumulating in microalgae. The genera Navicula and Isochrysis were found to be most optimal for liquid biofuel production because they contained the maximum percentage of triacylglycerides in the total lipids. Freshwater species of these microalgae genera can be considered most suitable for cultivation in CFD bioreactors as a primary product of biofuel production. Innovative methods using vortex devices are proposed for removing the algal oil.

The paper considers technical implementation of the devices for examining the energy state of the body’s meridian structures based on analog front-end (AFE) interfaces used for measuring the impedance of biological objects. The application of AFE chips improves the accuracy of measurements, while reducing the cost of the devices for reflex diagnostics.

For the purpose of reducing uncertainties in the measurements of morphologically complex biological objects, the authors present a new automatic method, which takes advantage from the representation of the object in the form of the 3D geometric model obtained from CT-scans or 3D scanning. In this paper, the method is verified in real cases and compared with the traditional approaches.

Progressive motion of a multibody system consisting of equal rigid bodies in a resistive medium is considered. The bodies are connected consecutively, and between each pair of bodies the actuators are installed. The actuators can exert forces upon the two neighboring bodies so that the distance between them can change within prescribed limits. It is shown that, under the influence of these internal forces produced by the actuators and external resistance of the medium, the system can move progressively with a velocity changing periodically. The algorithm of locomotion is proposed and justified. The necessary and sufficient condition is obtained that ensures the possibility of this motion. The cases of linear and quadratic isotropic/anisotropic resistance forces depending on the velocity of moving bodies and directed against this velocity, are analyzed. The locomotion described in the paper resembles the motion of worms and other biological objects.

Thermal design of devices for safe storage of biological objects was performed. Three-dimensional models of a safe storage device with multi-layer walls were constructed. Computational experiments with subsequent analysis of the temperature distribution over the computational domain and the time dependence of various parameters were performed.

In the article the estimation of negative influence of transport building on environment is offered. Geoecological indicators of this estimation are developed. The negative impact on the environment must take into account all life cycle stages of the research object (product, design, activities); limitations in the use of the object (if a negative impact on the environment irreversible during exploitation); the list of environmental/biological objects that may be exposed to danger due to specific; the ability to reduce the negative impacts after preventive measures. The technologies of utilization of waste in the manufacturing of ceramics are developed to decrease the negative impact at all stages of the construction activity.

This article concentrates on the analysis of mercury concentration in uneven-aged needles of different wood species on the territory of Altay Region. The following original data is given: level of mercury accretion and peculiarities of allocation depending on a strain of conifers, needles age, and landscape and climate conditions. The mercury content increases in the zone of impact of cities along the vector of the prevailing winds.

The task of this essay is to put biological individuals in formal terms. This approach is not directly interested in matters of time (for example, in evolution), but rather in the formal shape of biological objects. So it is radically different from natural science. In his later years, Wittgenstein made similar investigations in psychology and mathematics. Unfortunately, he found no time to make extensive remarks on philosophy of biology. This is what we are going to advance here.

In a previous series of studies, we have shown that search for human targets in the context of natural scenes is more efficient than search for mechanical targets. Here we asked whether this search advantage extends to other categories of biological objects. We used videos of natural scenes to directly contrast search efficiency for animal and human targets among biological or nonbiological distractors. In visual search arrays consisting of two, four, six, or eight videos, observers searched for animal targets among machine distractors, and vice versa (Exp. 1). Another group searched for animal targets among human distractors, and vice versa (Exp. 2). We measured search slope as a proxy for search efficiency, and complemented the slope with eye movement measurements (fixation duration on the target, as well as the proportion of first fixations landing on the target). In both experiments, we observed no differences in search slopes or proportions of first fixations between any of the target–distractor category pairs. With respect to fixation durations, we found shorter on-target fixations only for animal targets as compared to machine targets (Exp. 1). In summary, we did not find that the search advantage for human targets over mechanical targets extends to other biological objects. We also found no search advantage for detecting humans as compared to other biological objects. Overall, our pattern of findings suggests that search efficiency in natural scenes, as elsewhere, depends crucially on the specific target–distractor categories.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by the gradual deterioration of a trabecular bone, changing its density and composition. Dielectric constant of the trabecular bone, which is affected by the bone composition, changes propagation characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves within this medium. The goal of this work is to study the dependence of the characteristics of the EM wave propagation on the osteoporosis severity degree. A human finger is considered as the object of the study. This paper presents results of modeling the finger EM properties and propagation of the EM wave through the finger for various osteoporosis severity degree levels. Results of extensive experimental studies with EM wave propagation through the human fingers have been performed and are presented in the paper. Two different approaches to the problem of EM injection into the finger were considered: the coaxial probe method and Fabry-Perot resonator formed by the finger placed between a planar antenna and a reflecting surface. The results of the wave propagation analysis within the fingers containing healthy and diseased bones are used for estimation of the osteoporosis severity degree. A numerical criterion intended for an estimation of the osteoporosis severity degree is suggested.

The article provides an attempt to solve the challenges of attaining the goals of the final document “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” by means of the systems transdisciplinary approach concept and methodology. To achieve this, the author expands the existing concept of chemical evolution and describes natural mechanisms of directed transformation of the planetary matter. The article reveals the meaning of cyclic recurrence of development of supercontinents in geological history of the planet leading to the formation of the planetary matter required for further active transformation of biological objects, which are supposed to take part in that transformation. The author assumes and substantiates that stable development is controlled by the planetary and extraplanetary objective organizing compounds, which present effective mechanisms of appraisal and compulsion of objects of living and non-living matter to strictly definite results of activity and interactions. He shows the results of long-term and medium-term modeling of the development of modern society. The conclusion of the article describes the possibility of using methodology of systems transdisciplinary approach in organizing sustainable development since 2016.

Objective - to show the value of the expert initiative to improve the objectivity andinformational content of forensic medical examinations.Material and methods. Study and statistical analysis of the archival forensic medicaldocumentation of the Vinnitsa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination forthe period of 2013-2018.Results. From 2013 to 2018 inclusively in the Vinnitsa Regional Bureau of ForensicMedical Examination 52 cases of detection of narcotic substances, withdrawn in biological objects, were registered when carrying out the examination of corpses. Thenumbers of cases of the referred objects to toxicological examination, the number ofpositive results among them, including expert initiatives, distribution of narcoticsubstances by frequency of detection, causes of death were analyzed.Conclusions. In recent years, there has been a tendency, due to an expert initiative aswell, to an increase in the number of cases of narcotic substances detection in biologicalobjects at examination of corpses, an increase in the share of drug poisoning in thestructure of violent death., Цель работы - показать значение экспертной инициативы для повышенияобъективности и информативности судебно-медицинских экспертиз.Материалы и методы. Изучение и статистический анализ архивной судебномедицинской документации Винницкого областного бюро за 2013 - 2018 годы.Результаты. С 2013 по 2018 год включительно по Винницкому областному бюросудебно-медицинской экспертизы зарегистрировано 52 случая обнаружения наркотических веществ в биологических объектах, изъятых при проведении экспертиз трупов. Проанализировано количество случаев направления объектов натоксикологическую экспертизу, количество из них позитивных результатов, в томчисле по экспертной инициативе, распределение наркотических веществ по частоте обнаружения, причины смерти.Выводы. В последние годы, в том числе и благодаря экспертной инициативе, наблюдается тенденция к увеличению количества случаев обнаружения наркотическихвеществ в биологических объектах, изъятых из трупов, и, как следствие,возрастание доли отравлений наркотиками в структуре насильственной смерти., У Кримінально-процесуальному Кодексі України та законі України "Про судовуекспертизу" закріплено право судово-медичного експерта, у випадку, якщо в ходіпроведення судово-медичної експертизи будуть виявлені відомості, які маютьзначення для кримінального провадження і з приводу яких не ставилися питання,зазначити про них у своєму висновку.Мета роботи - продемонструвати значення експертної ініціативи для підвищенняоб'єктивності та інформативності судово-медичних експертиз.Матеріал і методи. Вивчення та статистичний аналіз архівної судово-медичноїдокументації Вінницького обласного бюро за 2013 - 2018 рр.Результати. За 2013 - 2018 рр. включно по Вінницькому обласному бюро судовомедичної експертизи зареєстровано 52 випадки виявлення наркотичних речовин вбіологічних об'єктах, вилучених під час проведення експертиз трупів. Проаналізовано загальну кількість випадків направлення об'єктів на токсикологічнуекспертизу, кількість виявлених позитивних результатів, в тому числі з експертноїініціативи, розподіл наркотичних речовин за частотою виявлення, причини смерті.Висновки. Останніми роками, в тому числі і завдяки експертній ініціативі,спостерігається тенденція до збільшення кількості випадків виявлення наркотичних речовин в біологічних об'єктах, вилучених з трупів, і, як наслідок,зростання частки отруєнь наркотиками у структурі насильницької смерті.

A problem of non-parametric multivariate density estimation for machine learning and data augmentation is considered. A new mixed density estimation method based on calculating the convolution of independently obtained kernel density estimates for unknown distributions of informative features and a known (or independently estimated) density for non-informative interference occurring during measurements is proposed. Properties of the mixed density estimates obtained using this method are analyzed. The method is compared with a conventional Parzen-Rosenblatt window method applied directly to the training data. The equivalence of the mixed kernel density estimator and the data augmentation procedure based on the known (or estimated) statistical model of interference is theoretically and experimentally proven. The applicability of the mixed density estimators for training of machine learning algorithms for the classification of biological objects (elements of grain mixtures) based on spectral measurements in the visible and near-infrared regions is evaluated.

This paper describes the results of work to develop an automated factographic information retrieval system for biological forensic objects. The effective factographic information retrieval problem has been investigated in the paper. This factographic information retrieval includes a pattern recognition algorithm, and they are implemented for retrieval only one image among the variety of similar images of biological forensic objects. The automated factographic information retrieval system includes special retrieval block and human operator. Analytical formula was obtained to evaluate the effectiveness of factographic information retrieval using indicator. This formula is presented by effectiveness indicator: average length of the recommendatory list provided by the retrieval block enabling the human operator to take the final decision. The paper describes the structure of the algorithm for factographic information retrieval. Properties of the important indicator of effectiveness – the average length of the recommendatory list for the human operator were explored.

Systems thinking is an increasingly recognized paradigm in education in both natural and social sciences, a particular focus being, naturally, in biology. This article argues that plant biology, and in particular, plant hormonal signaling, provides highly illustrative models for learning and teaching in a systems paradigm, because it offers examples of highly complex networks, ranging from the molecular- to ecosystem-scale, and in addition lends itself to the use of real-life biological objects.

Over the past several decades, a litany of acoustofluidic devices have been developed which purport to have significant advantages over traditional benchtop analytical tools. These acoustofluidic devices are frequently labeled as "labs-on-chips"; however, many do an insufficient job of limiting their dependence on the lab. Often, acoustofluidic devices still require skilled operators and complex external equipment. In an effort to address these shortcomings, we developed a low-cost, expandable, and multifunctional system for controlling acoustofluidic devices in the audible to low ultrasonic frequency range (31 Hz to 65 kHz). The system was designed around the readily available Arduino prototyping platform because of its user-friendly coding environment and expansive network of open source material; these factors enabled us to create a system capable of generating high voltage oscillatory signals and controlling microscale flows in acoustofluidic devices. Utilizing the established open source system, we achieved a series of acoustofluidic applications involving the manipulation of fluids and biological objects in a portable fashion. In particular, we used our open source acoustofluidic devices to achieve active rotation of cells and microorganisms, and operation of an acoustofluidic mixing device which has previously shown potential for viscous sample preparation, in a portable fashion. Additionally, using low frequency flexural waves and our portable system, we achieved acoustofluidic separation of particles based on size. It is our hope that the open source platform presented here can pave the way for future acoustofluidic devices to be used at the point-of-care, as well as simplify the operation of these devices to enable resource limited users to leverage the benefits of acoustofluidics in their work.

Biological membranes are fascinating. Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who received the Nobel prize in 1906 together with Camillo Golgi for their work on the nervous system, wrote “[..]in the study of this membrane[..] I felt more profoundly than in any other subject of study the shuddering sensation of the unfathomable mystery of life”[1]. The visualization and conceptualization of these biological objects have profoundly shaped many aspects of modern biology, drawing inspiration from experiments, computer simulations, as well as from the imagination of scientists and artists. The aim of this review is to provide a fresh look on current ideas of biological membrane organization and dynamics by discussing selected examples across fields [1] The full quotation is “I must not conceal the fact that in the study of this membrane I for the first time felt my faith in Darwinism (hypothesis of natural selection) weakened, being amazed and confounded by the supreme constructive ingenuity revealed not only in the retina and in the dioptric apparatus of the vertebrates but even in the meanest insect eye. There, in fine, I felt more profoundly than in any other subject of study the shuddering sensation of the unfathomable mystery of life.” from the autobiography Recollections of My Life.

The study of biological objects using a light microscope is one of the main methods of diagnostic practice in many areas of natural science. Most modern methods of researching objects using a light microscope include preliminary preparation of objects. However, in this case it is impossible to achieve a high degree of reliability of information about the object under study.

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists in the field of laser science: Dr. Arthur Ashkin for his invention of the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems, and Dr. Gerard Mourou and Dr. Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses. The awards integrate the far reaches of time and intensity scales in laser technologies, from the extremely high-intensity chirped pulse lasers (by Mourou and Strickland) to the ultralow-power beams (by Ashkin) that are capable of handling delicate biological objects and molecules [1] , [2] . The IEEE family is indeed delighted to see two of its Life Fellows, Arthur Ashkin and Gerard Mourou, as co-recipients of the awards from the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. Mourou is a past recipient of the IEEE Photonics Quantum Electronics Award and the IEEE David Sarnoff Award. Strickland has been an active author in the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics and IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

The new approach for measuring deep temperature of human body is proposed based on radio-thermometry. The novel design of radio-thermometer is developed and described containing microstrip antennas as an radio-thermometer applicator/receiver with significantly reduced coefficient of standing waves. The high efficiency of radio-thermometer is clinically proved for diagnostic of inflammatory processes in human body.

A possibility of detecting biogenic gases by the laser optoacoustic gas-analysis method is shown. The construction and specifications of instruments, developed for this purpose, are described. Examples of the analysis of gas samples of various biological objects, like air, expired by patients, suffered from different illnesses, and residual gases in the wood of year rings of conifers are given together with recommendations on applying the received information.

The effects of short and intense electric pulses on cell membranes are well identified. The delivery of these electric pulses, termed electropulsation, is a very robust phenomenon that results in changes of the cell membrane permeability that are known as electroporation or electropermeabilization. Electropulsation has a number of applications in biology and medicine and in the industries of food and environment. Electroporation is already used in human and veterinary clinics, particularly in the frame of an antitumor approach termed electrochemotherapy. Still, controversies on the changes affecting the cell membrane after the electric pulses delivery were/are a continuous discussion topic amongst the experts in the field.

Motivated by the centering of biological objects in large cells, we study the generic properties of centering forces inside a ball (or a volume of spherical topology) in $n$ dimensions. We consider two scenarios : autonomous centering (in which distance information is integrated from the agent perspective) and non-autonomous centering (in which distance to the surface is integrated over the whole surface). We find relations between the net centering force and the mean distance$^p$ to the surface. This allows us to find simple scaling laws between the centering force and the distance to the center, as a function of the dimensionality $n$. Interestingly, if the interactions between the agent and the surface are hyper-elastic, the net centering force can still be sub-elastic in the case of autonomous centering. These scaling laws are increasingly violated as the space becomes less convex. Generically, neither scenarios exactly converge to the center of mass of the space.

The chapter covers investigations of methods and means for the protection of biological and technical objects from the influence of electromagnetic (EM) irradiations both of the natural and artificial (anthropogenic) origin. Detailed are the theoretical and experimental data on the physical mechanisms and consequences of influences of these irradiations on the biological objects. Under consideration are the various designs of the reflective and absorbent protective screens. Special attention is attributed to the peculiarities of formation of multilayer special purpose screens for protection from the static magnetic fields, low frequency (LF) and pulse electromagnetic irradiations, as well as quasi-stationary fields.

Extensive information has been accumulated during scientific research over the past two centuries on the factor of gravity influence and almost seventy years on the effect of weightlessness on biological objects. It should actively develop methods for ensuring the human activity safety under the influence of increased and decreased weight factors and altered gravity, as well as for the terrestrial medicine purposes, in particular, in rehabilitation departments. The role of the special course "The Gravity effect on biological objects. The Principles of Space Biology and Medicine" in improving professional literacy, masters systematic scientific knowledge in the biomedical engineering field.

We characterize access to empirical objects in biology from a theoretical perspective. Unlike objects in current physical theories, biological objects are the result of a history and their variations continue to generate a history. This property is the starting point of our concept of measurement. We argue that biological measurement is relative to a natural history which is shared by the different objects subjected to the measurement and is more or less constrained by biologists. We call symmetrization the theoretical and often concrete operation which leads to considering biological objects as equivalent in a measurement. Last, we use our notion of measurement to analyze research strategies. Some strategies aim to bring biology closer to the epistemology of physical theories, by studying objects as similar as possible, while others build on biological diversity.

It's shown suggested methods for diagnosing pathological processes in biological objects using a developed portable radiometric system with four gamma-ray detectors. Designed portable radiometric system was used to make 2D imaging of anatomical structures. The system can value pharmacokinetics in several points of wide area of interest at the patient body. In this study specially designed phantoms were used. Phantom models of the liver and blood circulation system were made to assay radiometric system. The construction concept and possible applications of the system in the practice of radionuclide diagnostic studies in vivo are presented. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

A new approach to the use of nanotubes as an alloying tool for living biological objects is proposed. The basis of the mechanism of doping is chemical detonation in the nanotube. A procedure for the accelerated calculation of nanotube parameters for the purpose of doping is proposed. The possibilities of parallel programming in calculating the parameters of a detonation gas mixture are shown.

The features of the X-ray microtomography method are considered. The possibility of using the method for the diagnosis of biological objects is described. The results of the study of the internal structure of a laboratory rat and jaw of a man with metal structures are presented. Evaluation of the necessary technical parameters for the possibility of using the method in medicine was performed.

Designing radiophysical devices for investigating the effect of microwave radiation on biological objects is one of the main directions in applied modern radio-electronics. An installation for investigating the radiophysical microwave radiation effects on laboratory animals has been developed, with the frequency being 915 MHz, power of electromagnetic radiation being 10 μW/cm2. The results obtained demonstrate the survival rate of mice with tumor under the influence of electromagnetic field.