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This study aimed to perform motor action and biomechanical analysis of techniques in female judo athletes separated by weight categories of 638 female bouts (103 extra lightweight <48 kg, 140 half lightweight 48>52 kg, 65 lightweight 52>57 kg, 73 half middleweight 57>63 kg, 77 middleweight 63>70 kg, 80 half heavyweight 70>78 kg and 60 heavyweight >78 kg). All bouts were analyzed following the phases of approach, gripping, defensive action, attack, also biomechanical analysis of techniques and groundwork was performed (p ≤.05). Results indicated that lightweight athletes presented lower attempts to grip, right collar grip and left collar grip frequencies than other categories. Extra lightweight judokas presented lower right back grip and left back and sleeve grip frequencies as well as lower occurrence of techniques with arm and leg lever scored than half lightweight athletes, while half lightweight athletes demonstrated higher frequency of techniques with waist lever variable scored than lightweight ones. These findings should be considered for training prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to verify associated factors with trait and state anxiety in professional soccer teams during the COVID-19 epidemic. The sample was composed of 529 athletes, coaches, and professional soccer teams' physical trainers during the COVID-19 epidemic. From this amount, 214 were classified with trait-anxiety, and 315 were classified with state-anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). This study is an epidemiological and cross-sectional study. We applied an observational method, and we performed a remote measurement. The measurement was made via online questionnaires in male and female individuals working on soccer teams (soccer professionals or athletes) who could be affected by anxiety during social isolation in the COVID-19 epidemic. Each questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic questions, self-perceived performance, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Descriptive data are presented as percentage/absolute frequency. Factor analysis was used to reduce many variables into fewer factors of each anxiety group (state and trait) to verify which variables are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic anxiety state, p=.05. Factor analysis of the trait anxiety group indicated a significant correlation (p= 0001). The trait anxiety group's components correlated 0.43 and 0.84, while the state anxiety demonstrated a correlation between 0.52 and 0.996. The present results highlight the importance of cognitive behavior therapy for professional soccer teams. Its core is cognitive restructuring using the ABC model (antecedents-behavior-consequences). Mental errors and maladaptive behaviors are identified and worked upon considering sociodemographic factors such as gender and schooling levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cancer is considered a devastating disease and its treatment act directly on the individual's lifestyle, however, practicing exercises to the point of generating beneficial changes in the quality of life is still divergent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a benefit of physical exercise on the Quality of Life of the patient. Electronic databases (i.e. Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Lilacs) forward-citation searches and manual searches of reference lists were used to locate relevant studies up to June 2018. The terms used were "Physical Exercise", "cancer" and "EORTC QLQ C-30". Randomized clinical trials in humans with a 10-year cohort and exercise as a form of intervention and improvement in Quality of Life were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was based on 20 studies, scoring a maximum of 11 points in the PEDRo scale. Where they evaluated the effects of physical exercise on QOL. The present meta-analysis included studies with a diagnosis of breast cancer, esophageal, lung, gynecological, and other unspecified. The main modalities practiced were aerobic exercise, cardiovascular training, resistance training, strength training, gymnastics, 6 min walk, and Pilates. In meta-analysis indicated that comparisons between the intervention and control group had differences in the quality of life of patients during the interventions and after the time of exercise intervention. Our results also demonstrated a large heterogeneity between the effects of physical activities in the EQTC QLQ C-30 results would be most likely due to differences in the type of exercise and the respective periods carried out. Future studies are necessary in order to conclude a causal relationship between the type of exercise and the time of intervention in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. A schematic analysis of tactical performance by an MMA athlete is a potential mediator of success, and can help the understanding of how striking actions can be used to organize technical-tactical actions. A specific evaluation of MMA striking actions has not been undertaken in previous studies. Problem and aim. To compare the striking motor actions of MMA athletes by outcome type (Split vs. Unanimous Score Decision vs. KO/TKO vs. Submission) at the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC™), and to offer a practical application for MMA training. Methods. Kruskal Wallis and Dunn post hoc tests were applied to compare the effects of the different types of outcome decision (Split Score Decision vs. Unanimous Score Decision vs. KO/TKO vs. Submission). Results. Results showed a higher number of Unanimous than Split Decisions and Submissions after attempted (p≤0.05) and (p≤0.05) landed head strikes during keeping distance and clinch moments. A Split Decision followed a higher frequency of attempted (p≤0.05) and landed (p≤0.05) body strikes during keeping distance and clinch moments rather than an Unanimous Decision. Submission and TKO/KO.TKO/KO were more highly demonstrated than Split Decision after Attempted [0.0 (0.0;2.0); p≤0.05)] and Landed [0.0 (0.0;2.0); p≤0.05)] Head Jabs during groundwork combat. Conclusions. These results are interesting because they show the singularities of two situations (Split and Unanimous Scores) in which the bout must continue until the end of the round. Unanimous decisions were made in respect of attacks to the head during stand up combat, while split decisions were determined by the number of strike actions oriented to the body, and TKO/KO outcomes were determined by jabs to the head made in the ground situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study evaluated the correlation of data measured by GPS (in the strength, endurance, and speed stimulus divisions) and creatine kinase (CK) levels in professional soccer players after a match. For this purpose, the sample was composed by 123 measures of the same 24 players who stayed at least 75-min on the field, during five professional matches. The measures were taken in two periods: a) 24 hours (CK-T1) and b) 48 hours (CK-T2). The main results indicated that there was a positive correlation between CK-T1 and displacement% above 14 km/h (19%±5%; p=0.029) and% above 18 km/h (8%±2.9%; p=0.048), efforts above 18 km/h (58.6%±20.3%; p=0.04), decelerations (35.6±10.4 frequencies; p=0.004), explosive efforts (126.9±37.4 frequency; p=0.004) and inverse correlation with minutes of effort (91.9±9.8 frequency/min; p=0.016). For the CK-T2 there was a positive correlation with accelerations (31.3±9.2 frequency; p=0.009), decelerations (35.6±10.4 frequency; p=0.008), explosive efforts (126.9±37.4 frequency; p=0.004), inverse correlation with the total load (895.1±143.3 index; p=0.008) and minutes of effort (91.9±9.8 frequency/min; p=0.014). Our data indicate that the use of GPS can directly infer the degree of muscle damage, suppressing invasive measures that can lower the cost of the sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The study aimed to compare and correlate the power, height, eccentric and concentric force development rate of 3 sequential attempts of countermovement jump (CMJ) and the respective muscle response in beach and indoor volleyball athletes. Methods. The sample involved high-level hard court indoor volleyball (HCIV, n = 7) and high-level sand court beach volleyball (SCBV, n = 6) athletes. They performed 3 CMJs (1st CMJ vs. 2nd CMJ vs. 3rd CMJ) to determine the height, eccentric force development rate (EFDR), concentric force development rate (CFDR), power, and lower limbs muscle electrical activity. Results. Difference was demonstrated between HCIV vs. SCBV players in 3rd CMJ EFDR (-270.2 ± 31.6 N/s vs. -214.3 ± 38.7 N/s). In HCIV, 1st CMJ was different from 2nd CMJ and 3rd CMJ in EFDR (-239.0 ± 27.3 N/s vs. -285.6 ± 40.2 N/s and -270.2 ± 31.6 N/s), CFDR (87.8 ± 24.4 N/s vs. 89.6 ± 25.7 N/s and 75.0 ± 23.6 N/s), and power (2341.8 ± 342.3 W vs. 2433.9 ± 327.2 W and 2411.0 ± 358.5 W). In SCBV, 2nd CMJ was different from 3rd CMJ in EFDR (-267.1 ± 45.2 N/s vs. -214.3 ± 38.7 N/s). In 2nd CMJ, the left gluteus presented lower electrical activity than the left medial gastrocnemius, and HCIV revealed a difference between the response of the right and left gluteus in 3rd CMJ. Conclusions. Our analysis demonstrated ca. 70% of good or excellent intra-class correlation between the beach and indoor groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the methods adopted to reduce body mass (BM) in competitive athletes from the grappling (judo, jujitsu) and striking (karate and tae kwon do) combat sports in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. An exploratory methodology was employed through descriptive research, using a standardized questionnaire with objective questions self-administered to 580 athletes (25.0 ± 3.7 yr, 74.5 ± 9.7 kg, and 16.4% ± 5.1% body fat). Regardless of the sport, 60% of the athletes reported using a method of rapid weight loss (RWL) through increased energy expenditure. Strikers tend to begin reducing BM during adolescence. Furthermore, 50% of the sample used saunas and plastic clothing, and only 26.1% received advice from a nutritionist. The authors conclude that a high percentage of athletes uses RWL methods. In addition, a high percentage of athletes uses unapproved or prohibited methods such as diuretics, saunas, and plastic clothing. The age at which combat sport athletes reduce BM for the first time is also worrying, especially among strikers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem statement Weight reduction cycles are used by judo athletes to make a weight category. However, the use of rapid weight loss methods can be harmful, especially during adolescence. Purpose This study aimed to assess and compare weight loss practices and the methods used by novice and experienced adolescent judo athletes Methods One hundred and eight six athletes (age: 13.31 ± 0.6 years) were recruited from an under-15 national competition and completed a validated questionnaire regarding weight loss practices. The athletes were divided into novices (<2 years of competition experience) and experienced athletes Results Weight loss was practiced by 77% of the athletes, beginning at an median age of 12 years (Interquartile range:11-12). There were no significant differences in the rate of medal winning between the participants who had already reported weight loss in order to compete and those who have never lost weight before competitions. Participants of both groups reported to lose about 1kg in the seven days preceding a championship and to regain the same amount during the week after the competition. Weight loss was mainly achieved by increased exercise, training with rubber/plastic suits or in heated rooms. Coaches were considered the most influential source of information for body-mass-control methods. Conclusion Weight cutting is common among adolescent athletes regardless of competitive experience and it has no association with the rate of medal winning. The coach is considered the main source of information for body-mass-control-methods, which are based on hypohydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the SR test does not satisfactorily measure lower back flexibility and is only a moderately valid measure of hamstring flexibility, it is still the only field test that is practical and easy to administer. Therefore, the aims of the study were: i) to find optimum values which would characterize the SR test for different sports; ii) to evaluate changes in SR test parameters to measure the hamstring flexibility for specific sport groups; and iii) to indicate gender-related differences in different sport groups. The sample was composed for 424 athletes, 181 male and 243 female separated in water sports (n=45), artistic performance sports (n=75), track and field (n=113), target sports (n=10), team sports (n=98), combat sports (n=35) and radical sports (n=48).All them performed the sit and reach test in three trials. Regression analysis and a two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc were used, p = .05. Results demonstrated significand differences between female vs. male athletes in artistic performance sports (53.5±6.2cm vs. 48.2±8.9cm), team sports (46.3±6.7cm vs. 40.9±7.7cm), combats (48.3±10cm vs. 39.9±8.2cm) and radical sports (53.5±6.6cm vs. 48.0±8.1cm); artistic performance sport and radical sports groups presented higher values of SR than track and field, target sports and team sports. Regression analysis demonstrated sex dependence in SR values of radical, combat, artistic and team sports. In conclusion, female and male Chilean athletes achieved above-average results by the standards of the sit-andreach test for all sport group, finding new optimum values for this respective group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare time-motion and technical-tactical behaviors of paired rounds of the same Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes in three different situations: cannabinoid doping (n=19 rounds), winning (n=19 rounds) and losing (n=19 rounds). The sample was composed by 57 rounds of 27 bouts from 09 professional Ultimate Fight Championship (UFC®) athletes (age: 27.8±2.8 years old, height: 180.0±7.6 cm, weight: 76.0±16.7 kg, wingspan: 184.6±10.5 cm). The bouts were analyzed according to frequency and action scores (i.e. total strike attacks, strike attacks to the head, body and leg; takedowns, submissions, locks and chokes) and time (sec.) of the standing and groundwork situations separated by low or high intensity. Variance analysis with paired measures and post hoc were used to compare variables and a logistic regression analysis was used to verify the performance prevalence of winning vs. cannabinoid doping bouts, p≤0.05. In conclusion, head strikes scored, and total strikes scored had higher frequencies in winning situations than cannabinoid doping. No further differences were found. MMA athletes should focus on developing competitive strategies for specific situations and should avoid cannabinoid doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]